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Ver. 25.01
Jan. 21th, 2024

516.0000 Family Lamiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 355 (1820), nom. cons., nom. alt.
243 genera, ca. 7800 spp.
Species listed in database: 7794; hybrids: 382
= Aegiphilaceae Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 161 (1838)
= Ajugaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 375 (1843)
= Chloanthaceae Hutch.; Fam. Fl. Pl., ed. 2: 396 (1959)
= Glechomaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 288 (1820)
= Labiatae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 110 (1789), nom. cons.
= Melissaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Melittidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Menthaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 969, 1095, 1106 (1835)
= Monardaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 661 (1858)
= Nepetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Salazariaceae F.A.Barkley; Phytologia 32: 304 (1975)
= Salviaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Saturejaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 664. med (1858)
= Scutellariaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 373 (1843)
= Siphonanthaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 87 (1838)
= Stachydaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 366 (1843)
= Symphoremataceae Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4(3): 13 (1849)
= Viticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 106 (1789)
516.9351 Genus Betonica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 573 (1753)
Distribution: Europe, W-Asia. The genus is separate from Stachys fide molecular results (Benditsky et al. 2011, Chen et al. 2014)
Species listed in database: 10
species :
Betonica alopecuros L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 573 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. alopecuros
Name: Fuchsschwanz-Ziest (DE)
Distribution: Switzerland; France; Italy
11 SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA
Remarks: Subgen. Betonica
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica alpina Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 3 (1768)
= Betonica flava St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 120 (1880)
= Betonica lutea Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 404 (1779)
= Sideritis alopecuros (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 413 (1771)
= Stachys alopecuros (L.) Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. 531 (1834)
subspecies :
subsp. divulsa (Ten.) Bartolucci & Peruzzi; Inform. Bot. Ital. 46: 82 (2014)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica alopecuros var. divulsa (Ten.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 577 (1881)
= Betonica divulsa Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol., App. 614 (1831)
= Stachys alopecuros subsp. divulsa (Ten.) Grande; Bull. Orto Bot. Regia Univ. Napoli 4: 298 (1914)
subspecies :
subsp. godronii (Rouy) M.Laínz; Bol. Inst. Estud. Asturianos, Supl. Ci. 16: 189 (1973)
Distribution: N-Spain; Andorra; France
12 ADO FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Stachys alopecuros proles godronii Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 11: 303 (1909)
= Stachys alopecuros subsp. godronii (Rouy) Merxm.; Untersuch. Sippengl. Arealbild Alpen 72 (1952)
= Stachys godronii (Rouy) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 270 (2010), isonym
= Stachys godronii (Rouy) Rouy ex Prain; Index Kew., Suppl. 4: 225 (1913)
subspecies :
subsp. jacquinii (Gren. & Godr.) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1(1): 113 (1949)
Name: Östlicher Gelber Fuchsschwanz-Ziest (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Austria; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (mountains of NW-, C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos)
11 AUT GER 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA SLV SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica alopecuros var. jacquinii (Gren. & Godr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 577 (1881)
= Betonica jacquinii Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 694 (1853)
= Betonica jacquinii subsp. albanica Kümmerle & Jáv.; Bot. Közlem. 19: 26 (1921)
= Betonica orphanidea Heldr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 750 (1879)
= Stachys alopecuros subsp. jacquinii (Godr.) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 631 (1914)
= Stachys jacquinii (Gren. & Godr.) Fritsch; Excursionsfl. Oesterreich 474 (1897)
= Stachys javorkae Pénzes; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 57: 172 (1965)
species :
Betonica betoniciflora (Rupr. ex O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.) Sennikov; Memoranda Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 89: 131 (2013)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KAZ KGZ TZK
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica betoniciflora f. albiflora Sennikov & Lazkov; Memoranda Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 89: 132 (2013)
= Betonica betoniciflora f. rosea Lazkov; Memoranda Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 91: 74 (2015)
= Betonica foliosa Rupr.; Osten & Rupr., Sert. Tianschan. 66 (1869), nom. illeg.
= Betonica foliosa var. latifolia Rupr.; Osten & Rupr., Sert. Tianschan. 67 (1869)
= Stachys betoniciflora Rupr. ex O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkestanicae [O.A. Fedchenko & B.A. Fedchenko] 5: 165 (1913)
= Stachys betonicifolia Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada, prepr. 6: 366 (1879), nom. illeg.
= Stachys foliosa Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada, prepr. 6: 366 (1879), nom. illeg.
species :
Betonica brantii (Benth.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 750 (1879)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Stachys brantii Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 12: 463 (1848)
species :
Betonica bulgarica Degen & Nejceff; God. Sofijsk. Univ. 2: 142 (1905)
Distribution: Bulgaria
13 BUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Stachys bulgarica (Degen & Nejceff) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2) [Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 2]: 281 (1929)
species :
Betonica hirsuta L.; Mant. Pl. 2: 248 (1771)
Name: Behaarter Ziest
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy; Croatia
11 AUT ger SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica alpestris Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 93 (1868)
= Betonica monnieri Gouan; Ill. Observ. Bot. 36 (1773)
= Betonica pradica Zanted.; Comment. Ateneo Brescia 1813-1815: 88 (1818)
= Betonica rubicunda Wender. ex Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 12: 460 (1848)
= Betonica sabauda Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 93 (1868)
= Stachys hirsuta (L.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol 6(3): 182 (1912), nom. illeg.
= Stachys monnieri (Gouan) P.W.Ball; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 356 (1972)
= Stachys pradica (Zanted.) Greuter & Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 113(5-6): 361 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Betonica macrantha K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 682 (1848)
Name: Big-sage (EN), Großblütige Betonie (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan); USA [I] (New York [I])
11 ger 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica grandiflora Steph. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 96 (1800) (non Thuill. (1799))
= Betonica rosea Prien. ex Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl. 64 (1819)
= Clinopodium grandiflorum Gueldenst. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 399 (1819), nom. inval.
= Stachys grandiflora (Steph. ex Willd.) Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. 533 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Stachys macrantha (K.Koch) Stearn; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 130: 169 (1951)
species :
Betonica nivea Steven; Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 3: 266 (1812)
subspecies :
subsp. nivea
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; NW-Iran
33 AZE NCS 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica nivea var. daghestanica Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 40: 372 (1936)
= Stachys discolor Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. 533 (1834)
= Stachys nivea (Steven) Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 12: 461 (1848)
subspecies :
subsp. abchasica (Popov ex Grossh.) Krestovsk.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 45: 102 (2014)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia)
33 GEO
Synonyms: hidden
= Stachys abchasica (Popov ex Grossh.) Czerep.; Vasc. Pl. Russia & Adj. States (former USSR) 300 (1995)
= Betonica nivea var. abchasica Popov ex Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim] 3: 309 (1932)
= Betonica abchasica (Bornm.) Chinth.; Notul. Syst. Geogr. Thbilissiensis 16: 32 (1951)
subspecies :
subsp. masandarana (Bornm.) Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 150: 399 (1982)
Distribution: Transcaucasus; Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Stachys persica J.F.Gmel. ex C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Caucasus 94 (1831)
= Stachys nivea subsp. masandarana (Bornm.) Jamzad; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 76: 245 (2012), nom. inval.
= Betonica masandarana (Bornm.) Chinth.; Notul. Syst. Geogr. Thbilissiensis 16: 34 (1951)
= Betonica nivea var. masandarana Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 40: 372 (1936)
= Stachys masandarana (Bornm.) Bornm. & Gauba; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 49: 269 (1940)
= Stachys sericea Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 412 (1849), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. ossetica (Bornm.) Krestovsk.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 45: 103 (2014)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica nivea var. ossetica Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 40: 372 (1936)
= Betonica ossetica (Bornm.) Chinth.; Notul. Syst. Geogr. Thbilissiensis 16: 31 (1951)
= Stachys nivea subsp. ossetica Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 370 (1936)
= Stachys ossetica (Bornm.) Czerep.; Vasc. Pl. Russia & Adj. States (former USSR) 301 (1995)
species :
Betonica officinalis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 573 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. officinalis
Name: Gewöhnliche Betonie, Heilziest (DE), Common hedgenettle (EN)
Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway [I]; Sweden; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece (mountains along border); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); China [I]; Canada [I] (Prince Edward Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], New York [I])
10 DEN fin GRB IRE nor SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 TUR 36 chi 72 cdn 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica affinis Wender.; Index Sem. (Marburg) 1825: 5 (1825)
= Betonica alpigena Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 540 (1866)
= Betonica angustifolia Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 97 (1868)
= Betonica bjelorussica Kossko ex Klokov; Fl. URSR 9: 651 (1960)
= Betonica brachydonta Klokov; Fl. URSR 9: 649 (1960)
= Betonica brachystachya Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 98 (1868)
= Betonica clementei Pérez Lara; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 11: 400 (1882)
= Betonica danica Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 2 (1768)
= Betonica densiflora Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 890 (1866)
= Betonica drymophila Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 100 (1868)
= Betonica foliosa C.Presl; Fl. Sicul. [Presl] 37 (1826)
= Betonica fusca Klokov; Fl. URSR 9: 652 (1960)
= Betonica glabrata K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 684 (1848)
= Betonica glabriflora Borbás; Magyar Orv. Termész. Vándorgyül. Tört. Vázl. Munk. 23: 222 (1887)
= Betonica grandifolia Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 101 (1868)
= Betonica hirta Leyss.; Fl. Halens. 109 (1761), nom. illeg.
= Betonica hirta var. dumetorum Wallr.; 223 (1840)
= Betonica hirta var. interrupta Wallr.; 223 (1840)
= Betonica hirta var. latifolia Wallr.; 223 (1840)
= Betonica hirta var. robusta Wallr.; 223 (1840)
= Betonica hylebium Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 101 (1868)
= Betonica incana Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 5 (1768)
= Betonica laxata Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 96 (1868)
= Betonica legitima Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 476 (1829)
= Betonica leiocalyx Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 95 (1868)
= Betonica montana Lej.; Fl. Spa 2: 24 (1813)
= Betonica monticola Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 95 (1868)
= Betonica nemorosa Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 98 (1868)
= Betonica nutans Kit. ex Schult.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 2: 146 (1814)
= Betonica occitana Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 97 (1868)
= Betonica officinalis f. danica Beck; 1013 (1893)
= Betonica officinalis f. laxata (Jord. & Fourr.) Pérard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 17: 351 (1870)
= Betonica officinalis f. rusticana (Jord. & Fourr.) Pérard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 17: 351 (1870)
= Betonica officinalis subsp. alpigena (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 577 (1881)
= Betonica officinalis subsp. hirta (Leyss.) Ces.; Car. Catt., 309 (1844)
= Betonica officinalis subsp. peredae (M.Laínz) Carlón, M.Laínz, Moreno Mor., Rodr.Berd. & Ó.Sánchez; Doc. Jard. Bot. Atlántico 10: 80 (2014)
= Betonica officinalis subsp. stricta Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 550 (1882)
= Betonica officinalis subvar. laxata (Jord. & Fourr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 251 (1889)
= Betonica officinalis var. alba H.Mart.; 103 (1817)
= Betonica officinalis var. angustifolia K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 684 (1849)
= Betonica officinalis var. bifida Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 504 (1830)
= Betonica officinalis var. danica (Mill.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 434 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Betonica officinalis var. glabrata K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 300 (1844)
= Betonica officinalis var. glabrata W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Mertens & W.D.J.Koch], ed. 3, 4: 279 (1833)
= Betonica officinalis var. hirta (W.D.J.Koch) K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 684 (1849)
= Betonica officinalis var. incana Lej. & Courtois; Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 242 (1831)
= Betonica officinalis var. incarnata K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 684 (1849)
= Betonica officinalis var. interrupta (Wallr.) Bogenh.; 314 (1850)
= Betonica officinalis var. latifolia W.D.J.Koch; 569 (1837)
= Betonica officinalis var. major Lej. & Courtois; Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 242 (1831)
= Betonica officinalis var. montana Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 4: 60 (1829)
= Betonica officinalis var. polyclada (Jord. & Fourr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 251 (1889)
= Betonica officinalis var. stricta Aiton ex W.D.J.Koch; 279 (1833)
= Betonica officinalis var. stricta W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Mertens & W.D.J.Koch], ed. 3, 4: 279 (1833)
= Betonica officinalis var. subulata Porta; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 288 (1879)
= Betonica officinalis var. villosa J.J.Schmitz & Regel; 206 (1841)
= Betonica parvula Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 94 (1868)
= Betonica peraucta Klokov; Fl. URSR 9: 650 (1960)
= Betonica polyclada Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 102 (1868)
= Betonica pratensis Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 96 (1868)
= Betonica psilostachys Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 97 (1868)
= Betonica purpurea Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 449 (1897)
= Betonica purpurea Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 82 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Betonica pyrenaica Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 94 (1868)
= Betonica recurva Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 102 (1868)
= Betonica recurvidens Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs. 444 (1838)
= Betonica rigida Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 103 (1868)
= Betonica rusticana Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 96 (1868)
= Betonica stricta Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 299 (1789), nom. illeg.
= Betonica stricticaulis Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 99 (1868)
= Betonica subcarnea Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 98 (1868)
= Betonica sylvulicola Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 100 (1868)
= Betonica valdepubens Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 103 (1868)
= Betonica validula Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 103 (1868)
= Betonica virescens Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 99 (1868)
= Betonica virgultorum Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 100 (1868)
= Betonica vulgaris Rota; A. Bég., Fl. Padov. 272 (1910)
= Stachys betonica Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. 532 (1834), nom. superfl.
= Stachys betonica var. legitima (Link) Asch.; 533 (1864)
= Stachys betonica var. stricta Asch.; 533 (1864)
= Stachys danica (Mill.) Schinz & Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 53: 560 (1908)
= Stachys densiflora Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. 532 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Stachys glabriflora (Borbás) Rossi; Magyar Bot. Lapok 12: 89 (1913)
= Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis.; Prosp. Fl. Euganea 26 (1842)
= Stachys officinalis lusus peloria Druce; Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 5: 48 (1917)
= Stachys officinalis subf. intermedia (Körn.) Gams; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5(4): 2429 (1927)
= Stachys officinalis f. latifolia (W.D.J.Koch) Gams; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5(4): 2429 (1927)
= Stachys officinalis f. montana (Gaudin) Gams; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5(4): 2429 (1927)
= Stachys officinalis f. psilocalyx (Körn.) Gams; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.] 5(4): 2429 (1927)
= Stachys officinalis f. stricta (Sol.) Boza & Vasic; Fl. Srbije 10: 183 (1986)
= Stachys officinalis subsp. peredae M.Laínz; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 43(2): 459 (1986 publ. 1987)
= Stachys officinalis var. glabrata (W.D.J.Koch) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 630 (1914)
= Stachys officinalis var. hirta W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 3: 492 (1857)
= Stachys officinalis var. incana Lej. & Courtois; Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 242 (1831)
= Stachys officinalis var. montana (Lej.) Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 44 (1827)
= Stachys officinalis var. stricta (Asch.) Murr; Neue Übersicht Farn- & Blütenpfl. Vorarlb. 252 (1923)
= Stachys officinalis var. stricta Lej. & Courtois; Comp. Fl. Belg. 3: 381 (1836)
= Stachys stricta (Sol.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol 6(3): 181 (1912), nom. illeg.
variant :
var. algeriensis (de Noé) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 624 (1878)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica algeriensis de Noé; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 2: 582 (1856)
= Stachys algeriensis (de Noé) Rothm.; Ind. Sem. Ann. 1939 Coll. Agron. Nat. Lusit. 4 (1940)
= Stachys officinalis subsp. algeriensis (de Noé) Franco; Nov. Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 160, 566 (1984)
= Stachys officinalis var. algeriensis (de Noé) Font Quer; Iter Marocc. 1930 no. 562, in sched. (1932)
= Stachys officinalis var. tangerina Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 376 (1924)
variant :
var. serotina (Host) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 577 (1881)
Distribution: Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina
13 BIH CRO ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica serotina Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 165 (1831)
= Stachys officinalis subsp. serotina (Host) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2) [Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 2]: 282 (1929)
= Stachys serotina (Host) Fritsch; Excursionsfl. Oesterreich 475 (1897)
= Stachys serotina (Host) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 11: 305 (1909), isonym
subspecies :
subsp. haussknechtii Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2 2: 251 (1890)
Distribution: SE-Bulgaria; Greece (rare mountains of N-Greece south to Mt. Agrafa); Turkey
13 BUL GRC 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica haussknechtii (Nyman) Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins N. F. 11: 39 (1897)
= Stachys balcanica P.W.Ball; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65(2): 262 (1972) (nom. nov.)
= Stachys haussknechtii (Nyman) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2) [Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 2]: 281 (1929), nom. illeg.
= Stachys officinalis subsp. balcanica (P.W.Ball) R.Bhattacharjee; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(2): 292 (1974)
= Stachys officinalis subsp. haussknechtii (Nyman) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 15: 79 (1985)
subspecies :
subsp. velebitica (A.Kern.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 251 (1889)
Distribution: SE-Austria; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina
11 AUT 13 BIH CRO
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica officinalis var. velebitica (A.Kern.) Bjelcic; Fl. Bosnae Herceg. 4(3): 24 (1974)
= Betonica velebitica A.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] 3: 98 (1884)
= Stachys officinalis subsp. velebitica (A.Kern.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2) [Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 2]: 282 (1929)
= Stachys velebitica (A.Kern.) Fritsch; Excursionsfl. Österreich, ed. 3: 446 (1922)
subspecies :
subsp. skipetarum Jáv.; Bot. Közlem. 19: 27 (1921)
Distribution: Albania
13 ALB
Synonyms: hidden
= Stachys officinalis subsp. skipetarum Jáv.; Bot. Közlem. 19: 27 (1921)
species :
Betonica orientalis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 573 (1753)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica grandiflora Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, éd. 2: 293 (1799)
= Betonica hirsuta C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. [C.A. von Meyer] 95 (1831), nom. illeg.
= Betonica macrostachys Wender.; Index Sem. (Marburg) 1825: 6 (1825)
= Stachys longifolia Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. 533 (1834)
= Stachys macrostachys (Wender.) Briq.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3a: 261 (1895)
species :
Betonica scardica Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 136 (1844)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of NW-Greece south to Mt. Giona)
13 ALB BIH BUL GRC KOS MNT NMA SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Betonica graeca Boiss. & Spruner; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 27 (1844)
= Betonica graeca subsp. scardica (Griseb.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 577 (1881)
= Stachys scardica (Griseb.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2) [Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 2]: 280 (1929)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.01 (January 21th, 2025)

Covering 355,968 accepted species,
8,748 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,228 synonyms,
in total 1,418,722* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life