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406.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 310 (1789), nom. cons.
133 genera, ca. 1700-1800 spp. There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. The phylogeny is still somewhat in flux, but is getting more stabilized now. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1798; hybrids: 78
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl. 142 (1821)
= Mammillariaceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024)
= Nopaleaceae E.Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenr. 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; Dict. Rais. Bot. 52, 385 (1817)
406.5205 Genus Astrophytum Lem.; Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 3 (1839)
Distribution: Mexico, USA (Texas). Phylogeny: Vázquez-Lobo et al. (2015)
Species listed in database: 6
= Digitostigma Velazco & Nevárez; Cact. Suc. Mex. 47: 97 (2002)
= Maierocactus E.C.Rost; Z. Sukkulentenk. 2: 138 (1925)
species :
Astrophytum asterias (Zucc.) Lem.; Cactées 50 (1868)
Name: Seeigelkaktus, Sand Dollar Cactus, Sea Urchin Cactus, Star Cactus
Distribution: USA (Texas: Starr Co.); Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum asterias var. magnipunctatum Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 15 (1925)
= Astrophytum asterias var. multipunctatum Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 9 (1925)
= Astrophytum asterias var. nudicarpa Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 15 (1925)
= Astrophytum asterias var. nudum Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 508 (1981)
= Astrophytum asterias var. pubescente Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 508 (1981)
= Astrophytum asterias var. roseiflorum Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 9 (1925)
= Astrophytum asterias var. seminudum Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 9 (1925)
= Astrophytum asterias var. striatipetalum Y.Okumura & Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 508 (1981)
= Echinocactus asterias Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): (1843) 13. t. 3
= Echinocactus asterias var. nudus H.Moeller; Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 54 (1927)
= Echinocactus asterias Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 13 (1845)
species :
Astrophytum capricorne (A.Dietr.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 184 (1922)
Name: Bishop´s Cap, Bishop´s Hat, Goat´s Horn
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum capricorne f. majus (Pichon) A.F.Moeller; Syaboten 5: 103 (1934)
= Astrophytum capricorne f. minus (Runge & Quehl) A.F.Moeller; Syaboten 5: 103 (1934)
= Astrophytum capricorne subsp. sanjuanense Pavlícek; Kaktusy (Brno) 47:(1): 5 (4-10, figs.) (2011)
= Astrophytum capricorne subsp. senile (Fric) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 3(1-2): 36 (2000)
= Astrophytum capricorne var. crassispinum (H.Moeller) Okum.; Syaboten 4: 175 (1933)
= Astrophytum capricorne var. crassispinum-nudum Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 514 (1981)
= Astrophytum capricorne var. majus (Pichon) Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 10 (1925)
= Astrophytum capricorne var. minus (Runge & Quehl) Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 10 (1925)
= Astrophytum capricorne var. orientale Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 10 (1925)
= Astrophytum crassispinum (H.Moeller) W.Haage & Sadovsky; Kakteen And. Sukk. 8: 137 (1957)
= Astrophytum niveum (K.Kayser) W.Haage & Sadovsky; Kakteen And. Sukk. 8: 137 (1957)
= Astrophytum senile Fric; Ceskoslov. Zahradn. Listy 120 (1924), nomen
= Astrophytum senile var. aureum (H.Moeller) Backeb.; Blätt. Kakteenf. 1937: 2 (1937)
= Echinocactus capricornis A.Dietr.; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 19: 274 (1851)
= Echinocactus capricornis f. minor (Runge & Quehl) Schelle; Handb. Kakteenkult. 154 (1907)
= Echinocactus capricornis var. crassispinus H.Moeller; Z. Sukkulentenk. 2: 129 (1926)
= Echinocactus capricornis var. major Pichon; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 139 (1909)
= Echinocactus capricornis var. minor Runge & Quehl; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 2: 82 (1892)
= Echinocactus capricornis var. niveus K.Kayser; Kakteenkunde 1933: 32 (1933)
= Echinocactus capricornus var. aureus H.Moeller; Z. Sukkulentenk. 2: 128 (1925)
= Echinocactus capricornus var. senilis Fric; Z. Sukkulentenk. 2: 128 (1925)
= Maierocactus capricornus (A.Dietr.) E.C.Rost; Z. Sukkulentenk. 2: 142 (1925)
species :
Astrophytum caput-medusae (Velazco & Nevárez) D.R.Hunt; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 15: 6 (2003)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Digitostigma caput-medusae Velazco & Nevárez; Cact. Suc. Mex. 47: 81 (2002)
species :
Astrophytum coahuilense (H.Moeller) K.Kayser; Kakteen-Freund 1: 59 (1932)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum myriostigma subsp. coahuilense (H.Moeller) K.Kayser; Kakteen-Freund 1: 57 (1932)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. coahuilense (H.Moeller) Borg
= Echinocactus myriostigma subsp. coahuilensis H.Moeller; Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 54 (1927)
species :
Astrophytum myriostigma Lem.; Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 4 (1839)
subspecies :
subsp. myriostigma
Name: Bischofsmütze, Bishop´s Cap, Bishop´s Hat, Bishop´s Miter Cactus, Bonete de Obispo, Mitra
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum columnare (K.Schum.) Sadovsky & Schütz; Gattung Astrophytum 159 (1979)
= Astrophytum depressum Lawr.; Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 321 (1841)
= Astrophytum mirum Halda & Panar.; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 7(1): 33 (2000)
= Astrophytum myriostigma subsp. potosinum (H.Moeller) K.Kayser; Kakteen-Freund 1: 57 (1932)
= Astrophytum myriostigma subsp. tulense K.Kayser; Kakteen-Freund 1: 58 (1932)
= Astrophytum myriostigma subvar. glabrum Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 5: 2656 (1961)
= Astrophytum myriostigma subvar. nudum (Rud.Mey.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 5: 2662 (1961)
= Astrophytum myriostigma subvar. tulense (K.Kayser) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 5: 2660 (1961)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. cereiforme Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 10 (1925)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. columnare (K.Schum.) Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 15 (1925)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. grandiflorum Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 9 (1925)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. minimiflorum Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 15 (1925)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. nudicarpa Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 10 (1925)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. nudum (Rud.Mey.) Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 10 (1925)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. nudum-octogonum Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 512 (1981)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. nudum-pubescente Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 512 (1981)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. potosinum (H.Moeller) Kreuz.; Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen 20 (1935)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. strongylogonum Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 5: 2661 (1961)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. tulense (K.Kayser) Borg; Cacti [Borg] 252 (1937)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. tulense (K.Kayser) Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 511 (1981), isonym
= Astrophytum prismaticum Lem.; Cactées 50 (1868)
= Astrophytum quadratum Cobbold; Cact. J. (London) 2: 89 (1899)
= Astrophytum tulense (K.Kayser) Sadovsky & Schütz; Gattung Astrophytum 159 (1979)
= Cereus callicoche Galeotti ex Scheidw.; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 6(1): 88 (1839)
= Cereus colicochus J.R.Booth ex C.F.Först.; Handb. Cacteenk. [Förster] 336 (1846)
= Echinocactus myriostigma (Lem.) Salm-Dyck; Cact. Hort. Dyck. [1841 ed.]: 22 (1841)
= Echinocactus myriostigma f. columnaris (K.Schum.) Schelle; Handb. Kakteenkult. 151 (1907)
= Echinocactus myriostigma subsp. potosinus H.Moeller; Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 54 (1927)
= Echinocactus myriostigma subsp. quadricostatus H.Moeller; Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 54 (1927)
= Echinocactus myriostigma var. columnaris K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 321 (1898)
= Echinocactus myriostigma var. nudus Rud.Mey.; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 136 (1912)
subspecies :
subsp. quadricostatum (H.Moeller) K.Kayser; Kakteen-Freund 1: 57 (1932)
Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum myriostigma subsp. tamaulipense (A.F.Moeller) K.Kayser; Kakteen-Freund 1: 58 (1932)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. quadricostatum (H.Moeller) A.F.Moeller; J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 1: 157 (1930)
= Astrophytum myriostigma var. tamaulipense A.F.Moeller; J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 1: 157 (1930)
= Astrophytum quadricostatum (H.Moeller) Houghton; J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 1: 157 (1930)
= Astrophytum tamaulipense Houghton; J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 1: 157 (1930)
= Echinocactus myriostigma var. quadricostatus H.Moeller; Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 54 (1927)
species :
Astrophytum ornatum (DC.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 185 (1922)
Name: Monk´s Hood
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum glabrescens F.A.C.Weber; Dict. Hort. [Bois] 467 (1896), Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 185 (1922), in syn.
= Astrophytum ornatum f. glabrescens (F.A.C.Weber) Krainz; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 31-32: C VIe (1965)
= Astrophytum ornatum f. mirbelii (Lem.) Krainz; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 31-32: C VIe (1965)
= Astrophytum ornatum subvar. glabrescens (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 5: 2664 (1961)
= Astrophytum ornatum var. glabrescens (F.A.C.Weber) Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 10 (1925)
= Astrophytum ornatum var. mirbelii (Lem.) Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 10 (1925)
= Astrophytum ornatum var. niveum Schütz & Z.Fleisch.; Kaktusy (Brno) 7(3): 55 (1971)
= Astrophytum ornatum var. pubescente Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 513 (1981) (without type)
= Astrophytum ornatum var. virens Schütz & Z.Fleisch.; Kaktusy (Brno) 7(3): 55 (1971)
= Echinocactus ghiesbrechtii Salm-Dyck; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 18: 395 (1850)
= Echinocactus haageanus (Linke) C.F.Först.; Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2 [Rümpler] 469 (1885)
= Echinocactus holopterus Miq.; Linnaea 12: 2 (1838)
= Echinocactus mirbelii Lem.; Cact. Aliq. Nov. 22 (1838)
= Echinocactus ornatus DC.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 114 (1828)
= Echinocactus ornatus f. glabrescens (F.A.C.Weber) Schelle; Handb. Kakteenkult. 153 (1907)
= Echinocactus ornatus var. glabrescens F.A.C.Weber; Dict. Hort. [Bois] 1: 467 (1896)
= Echinocactus ornatus var. mirbelii Croucher; Gard. Chron. 1873: 983 (1873)
= Echinocactus tortus Scheidw.; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 5: 493 (1838)
= Echinofossulocactus holopterus (Miq.) Lawr.; Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318 (1841)
= Echinofossulocactus mirbelii (Lem.) Lawr.; Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318 (1841)
= Echinopsis haageanus Linke; Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 1: 86 (1858)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life