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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

281.0000 Family Dipterocarpaceae Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 4: 222 (1825), nom. cons.
17 genera, ca. 540 spp. mostly SE-Asia, few Africa, 2 spp. tropical America
Species listed in database: 542
= Monotaceae Kosterm.; Taxon 38: 123 (1989)
281.2403 Genus Anthoshorea Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. sub t. 250 (1891)
Distribution: Malesia, India, 1 north to Himalayas
Species listed in database: 23
species :
Anthoshorea agamii (P.S.Ashton) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 889 (2022)
Distribution: Borneo; Brunei
42 BOR BRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea agamii P.S.Ashton; Gard. Bull. Singapore 19: 270 (1962)
= Shorea agamii subsp. diminuta P.S.Ashton; Gard. Bull. Singapore 20: 285 (1967)
species :
Anthoshorea assamica (Dyer) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 889 (2022)
Distribution: China (W-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland); Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing); peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Perak and Pahang northward); Sumatra; SE-Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Leyte, Mindanao, Basilan); Moluccas (Sula Isl., Bacan, Obi Isl., ?Ambon)
36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 MYA THA 42 BOR MLY MOL PHI SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Aporosa minahassae Koord.; Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19: 625 (1898) (Euphorbiaceae)
= Shorea assamica Dyer; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1(2): 307 (1874)
= Shorea assamica f. globifera (Ridl.) Symington; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 9: 331 (1938)
= Shorea assamica f. koordersii (Brandis ex Koord.) Syme; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 9: 331 (1938)
= Shorea assamica f. philippinensis (Brandis) Syme; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 9: 331 (1938)
= Shorea assamica subsp. globifera (Ridl.) Symington; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 9: 331 (1938), pl. 20
= Shorea assamica subsp. koordersii (Brandis) Symington; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 9: 331 (1938), pl. 20
= Shorea assamica subsp. philippinensis (Brandis) Symington; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 9: 331 (1938), pl. 20
= Shorea assamica subsp. yingjiangensis Y.K.Yang & J.K.Wu; Chin. Wild Pl. Resources 21(3): 3 (2002)
= Shorea assamica var. philippinensis (Brandis) Y.K.Yang & J.K.Wu; Chinese Wild Plant Resources 21(3): 44 (2002)
= Shorea globifera Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 232 (1922)
= Shorea koordersii Brandis ex Koord.; Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19: 356 (1898)
= Shorea pallida Foxw.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 13: 190 (1918)
= Shorea philippinensis Brandis; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31: 88 (1895)
= Shorea sororia Slooten; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 18: 1 247 (1949)
= Vatica celebica Koord. ex Symington; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 9: 331 (1938)
species :
Anthoshorea bentongensis (Foxw.) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 889 (2022)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Selangor, Pahang, Johor)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea bentongensis Foxw.; Malayan Forest Rec. 10: 169 (1932)
= Shorea pahangensis Foxw.; Malayan Forest Rec. 10: 193 (1932)
species :
Anthoshorea bracteolata (Dyer) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 889 (2022)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Penang, Kelantan, Terengganu, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei
41 THA 42 BOR BRN MLY SNG SUM
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea bracteolata Dyer; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 305 (1874)
= Shorea foveolata Scort. ex Foxw.; Malayan Forest Rec. 10: 183 (1932)
species :
Anthoshorea confusa (P.S.Ashton) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 889 (2022)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak); Brunei
42 BOR BRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea confusa P.S.Ashton; Gard. Bull. Singapore 31(1): 44 (1978)
species :
Anthoshorea cordata (P.S.Ashton) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 890 (2022)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea cordata P.S.Ashton; Gard. Bull. Singapore 22: 285 (1967)
species :
Anthoshorea dealbata (Foxw.) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 890 (2022)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Pahang); Sumatra; Borneo
42 BOR MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea dealbata Foxw.; Malayan Forest Rec. 10: 192 (1932)
species :
Anthoshorea farinosa (C.E.C.Fisch.) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 890 (2022)
Distribution: Myanmar (Ayeyarwady); SW-Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kelantan)
41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea farinosa C.E.C.Fisch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 461, et in Kew Bull. 1927, 81, descr. ampl. (1926)
species :
Anthoshorea gratissima (Wall. ex Kurz) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 890 (2022)
Distribution: India (Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland); Myanmar (Mon, Taninthayi); peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Selangor); Singapore; W-Sumatra; Borneo
40 IND 41 MYA THA 42 BOR MLY SNG SUM
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea gratissima (Wall. ex Kurz) Dyer; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 307 (1874)
= Hopea gratissima Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 960 (1829) ex Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 61 (1873)
species :
Anthoshorea henryana (Pierre) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 890 (2022)
Distribution: peninsular & SE-Thailand; Myanmar (Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi); Laos; Cambodia; S-Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Langkawi Isl., Kedah)
41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea cambodiana Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch., t. 229 (1890)
= Shorea henryana Pierre; Pl. Util. Col. Franç. (1886) 302, et Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 15 (1890) t. 229, et Fasc. 16 (1891) t. 3511, Brandis, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31: 89 (1895)
= Shorea longestipulata Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 10: 132 (1942)
= Shorea sericeiflora C.E.C.Fisch. & Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 433 (1926)
species :
Anthoshorea hulanidda (Kosterm.) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 890 (2022)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea hulanidda Kosterm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 104(2): 196 (1983)
species :
Anthoshorea hypochra (Hance) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 890 (2022)
Distribution: SE- & peninsular Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Selangor and Pahang northward); NE-Sumatra
41 CBD LAO THA VIE 42 MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea crassifolia Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 231 (1922)
= Shorea hypochra Hance; J. Bot. 14: 242 (1876)
= Shorea maritima Pierre; Pl. Util. Col. Franç. (1886) p. 302. et Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 15 (1890) sub. t. 229, Brandis, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31: 89 (1895)
species :
Anthoshorea javanica (Koord. & Valeton) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 890 (2022)
Distribution: Sumatra; C-Java
42 JAW SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea javanica Koord. & Valeton; Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 2: 3 (1899)
= Shorea vandekoppeli Parijs; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 244 (1933)
= Shorea vandekoppeli var. grandifolia Parijs; Bijdr. Kennis Oost-Ind. Damarhars 118 (1933)
species :
Anthoshorea lamellata (Foxw.) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 890 (2022)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak); Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei
42 BOR BRN MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea lamellata Foxw.; Malayan Forest Rec. 10: 278 (1932)
species :
Anthoshorea montigena (Slooten) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 890 (2022)
Distribution: NE-Sulawesi; Moluccas (Seram, Buru)
42 MOL SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea balangeran var. binnendijkii Boerl.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Boerlage] 2: 108 (1901)
= Shorea montigena Slooten; Reinwardtia 2: 57 (1952)
species :
Anthoshorea ochracea (Symington) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 890 (2022)
Distribution: Borneo; Brunei
42 BOR BRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea ochracea Symington; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 8: 285 (1935)
species :
Anthoshorea polita (S.Vidal) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 890 (2022)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, Basilan)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea mindanensis Foxw.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 13: 192 (1918)
= Shorea polita S.Vidal; Sinops. Atlas, p. 15: t. 15, f. D (1883)
species :
Anthoshorea resinosa (Foxw.) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 891 (2022)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak and Kelantan to Johor); Borneo
42 BOR MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea resinosa Foxw.; Malayan Forest Rec. 10: 234 (1932)
species :
Anthoshorea retinodes (Slooten) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 891 (2022)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea retinodes Slooten; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 18: 1 243 (1949)
species :
Anthoshorea roxburghii (G.Don) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 891 (2022)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu); Myanmar (Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon, Ayeyarwady); peninsular Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Langkawi Isl., Kedah)
40 IND 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Anthoshorea harmandii (Pierre ex Laness.) Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch., t. 250 (1891)
= Hopea floribunda Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 964 (1829), nomen
= Saul iallarea Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 1: 84 (1834)
= Shorea attopoensis Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. t. 232, 257 (1890 publ. 1892)
= Shorea cochinchinensis Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 15 (1890) t. 230, Brandis, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31: 84 (1895)
= Shorea cochinchinensis var. saigonensis (Pierre) P.Guérin; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 1: 381 (1910)
= Shorea floribunda (Wall.) Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 60 ex Dyer (1873)
= Shorea harmandii Pierre; Pl. Util. Col. Franç. (1886) 302, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 15 (1890) t. 231, Brandis, in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31: 85 (1895)
= Shorea laccifera B.Heyne ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 967 (1829)
= Shorea laurifolia Wall. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 575 (1841), nom. inval.
= Shorea robusta A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 628 (1868) non C. F. Gaertn.
= Shorea roxburghii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 813 (1831)
= Shorea saigonensis Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1257 (1892)
= Shorea talura Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. (93) (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 618 (1832)
= Shorea talura var. saigonensis (Pierre ex H.P.Guérin) Smitinand; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 1: 5 (1954)
= Vatica laccifera Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 84 (1834)
species :
Anthoshorea stipularis (Thwaites) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 891 (2022)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea stipularis Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 36 (1859)
species :
Anthoshorea symingtonii (G.H.S.Wood) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 891 (2022)
Distribution: Myanmar (Taninthayi); Borneo (E-Sabah)
41 MYA 42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea symingtonii G.H.S.Wood; Gard. Bull. Singapore 17: 493 (1960)
species :
Anthoshorea virescens (Parijs) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck.; Kew Bull. 77: 891 (2022)
Distribution: Borneo; Brunei; Philippines (Mindanao, Samar)
42 BOR BRN PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Shorea virescens Parijs; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 244 (1933)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life