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270.0000 Family Simaroubaceae DC.; Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 209 (1811), nom. cons.
24 genera, ca. 120 spp. Systematics mostly following Cole (Phylogeny Poster, 2023)
Species listed in database: 128
= Ailanthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 223 (1858)
= Castelaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 181 (1858)
= Leitneriaceae Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 3: vi, 396 (1880), nom. cons.
= Quassiaceae Bertol.; Prael. Rei Herb. 262 (1827)
= Simabaceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 179 (1847)
= Soulameaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 2: 1202 (1874)
270.0201 Genus Ailanthus Desf.; Mém. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 1786 (1789) 265. I. 8
Distribution: mostly E- and C-Asia, 1 widespread
Species listed in database: 6
= Albonia Buc´hoz; Herb. Color. Amérique, t. 57 (1783)
= Hebonga Radlk.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 6: 365 (1911 publ. 1912)
= Pongelion Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 319, 593 (1763), nom. rej.
species :
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6: 490 (1916)
Name: Drüsiger Götterbaum (DE); Arbol del cielo (ES), Tree-of-heaven (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Monaco [c]; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Jersey [I]); Corsica [I]; Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; San Marino [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Albania [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Greece [I] (incl. Kiklades [I]); Crete [I]; Ukraine [I]; Crimea [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I], Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Graciosa [I], Pico [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I]); Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); Turkey [I]; Cyprus [I]; China (widespread); South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Gilgit, Hazara); India (Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh); Vietnam; Borneo; Sulawesi; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; Solomon Isl.; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], Nebraska [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I]); Mexico [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Biobío [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
10 grb 11 aut bgm cze ger hun lie lux slo swi 12 bal cis cor fra gib mco por sar spa 13 alb bih bul cro grc ita kri rom sic slv sma 14 kry ukr 20 alg lby mor tun 21 azo cny mdr 32 tkm tzk uzb 33 geo ncs 34 cyp eai tur 36 CHI 38 jap kor nns tai 40 IND PAK 41 VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MOL SUL 43 SOL 50 aus 51 nzl 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 85 arg cle jnf
Synonyms: hidden
= Ailanthus altissima f. erythrocarpa (Carrière) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 386 (1949)
= Ailanthus altissima f. pendulifolia (Dippel) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 386 (1949)
= Ailanthus altissima f. rubra (H.Jaeger) Geerinck; Taxonomania 7: 2 (2002)
= Ailanthus altissima var. erythrocarpa (Carrière) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees 527 (1927)
= Ailanthus altissima var. leucoxyla B.C.Ding & T.B.Chao; J. Henan Agric. Coll. 1980(2): 9 (1980)
= Ailanthus altissima var. microphylla B.C.Ding & T.B.Chao; J. Henan Agric. Coll. 1980(2): 9 (1980)
= Ailanthus altissima var. myriocephala B.C.Ding & T.B.Chao; Fl. Henan 2: 447 (1988)
= Ailanthus altissima var. pendulifolia (Dippel) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees 527 (1927)
= Ailanthus altissima var. ramosissima B.C.Ding & T.B.Chao; J. Henan Agric. Coll. 1980(2): 9 (1980)
= Ailanthus cacodendron (Ehrh.) Schinz & Thell.; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg, Sér. 3, 38: 679 (1912)
= Ailanthus esquirolii H.Lév.; Monde Pl. 17: 23 (1915)
= Ailanthus giraldii Dode; Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1907: 191 (1907)
= Ailanthus giraldii var. duclouxii Dode; Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 10: 191 (1907)
= Ailanthus glandulosa Desf.; Mém. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 1786 (1788) 265, t. 8
= Ailanthus glandulosa f. erythocarpa (Carrière) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 130 (1907)
= Ailanthus glandulosa f. pendulifolia Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 365 (1892)
= Ailanthus glandulosa f. rubra (H.Jaeger) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 365 (1892)
= Ailanthus glandulosa var. erythocarpa (Carrière) Mouill.; Traité Arbr. Arbriss. 1: 222 (1891)
= Ailanthus glandulosa var. pendula G.Nicholson; Hand-list Trees & Shrubs Arb., ed. 2: 77 (1902), nomen
= Ailanthus glandulosa var. pendulifolia (Dippel) Carrière ex Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 1: 38 (1900)
= Ailanthus glandulosa var. spinosa M.Vilm. & Bois; Frutic. Vilmor. [Vilmorin & Bois] 31 (1904)
= Ailanthus japonica Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 364 (1892)
= Ailanthus japonica K.Koch; Dendrologie 1: 569 (1869)
= Ailanthus peregrina (Buc´hoz) F.A.Barkley; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24: 264 (1937)
= Ailanthus pongelion J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 726 (1791)
= Ailanthus procera Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 171 (1796)
= Ailanthus rhodoptera F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 3: 43 (1862)
= Ailanthus rubra H.Jaeger; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. ed. 2: 18 (1884)
= Ailanthus sinensis Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 227 (1811), nom. superfl.
= Ailanthus vilmoriniana Dode; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 76: 444 (1904)
= Ailanthus vilmoriniana var. henanensis Jian Y.Chen & L.Y.Jin; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 12(1): 42 (1990)
= Albonia peregrina Buc´hoz; Herb. Color. Amérique, t. 57 (1783), nomen illeg., F. A. Barkley in Ann. MissouriBot. Gard. 24: 264, 499 (1937)
= Choerospondias auriculata D.Chandra; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 75(2): 459 (1978 publ. 1979) (Anacardiaceae)
= Pongelion cacodendron (Ehrh.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 67 (1930)
= Pongelion glandulosum (Desf.) Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch., t. 294 (1894)
= Pongelion vilmorinianum (Dode) Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 9, 4: 276 (1906), nom. prov.
= Rhus cacodendron Ehrh.; Hannover. Mag. 227 (1783)
= Toxicodendron altissimum Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 10 (1768)
variant :
var. sutchuenensis (Dode) Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 3: 449 (1917)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ailanthus cacodendron var. sutchuenensis (Dode) Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 153 (1914)
= Ailanthus glandulosa var. sutchuenensis (Dode) Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 187 (1912 publ. 1913)
= Ailanthus sutchuenensis Dode; Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 192. fig. a (1907)
variant :
var. tanakae (Hayata) Kaneh. & Sasaki; Formos. Trees, rev. ed. 321, f. 276 (1936)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ailanthus glandulosa var. tanakae Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4: 2 (1914)
species :
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.; Pl. Coromandel 1: t. 23 (1795)
Distribution: Pakistan [I]; India (Indian Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.
40 BAN IND pak SRL 41 AND NCB
Synonyms: hidden
= Ailanthus wightii Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 9, 4: 279 (1906)
= Pongelion excelsum (Roxb.) Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 19 (1893) sub t. 295a
species :
Ailanthus fordii Noot.; Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermatoph. 6: 220 (1963)
Distribution: China (S-Guangdong, Hongkong, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ailanthus integrifolia Lam. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 43 (1840)
subspecies :
subsp. integrifolia
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (once from Seletar Reservoir); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Queensland: Cape York Peninsula)
42 BOR MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Ailanthus blancoi Merr.; Sp. Blancoan. 205 (1918)
= Ailanthus guangxiensis S.L.Mo; Guihaia 2: 145 (1982)
= Ailanthus malabarica var. mollis Koord. & Valeton; Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 4: 3 (1896)
= Ailanthus moluccana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 89 (1825)
= Ailanthus moluccana var. mollis (Koord. & Valeton) Koord.; Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19: 374 (1898)
= Ailanthus peekelii Melch.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 893 (1930)
= Ailanthus peekelii var. glabra C.T.White; J. Arnold Arbor. 31: 91 (1950)
= Alliaria dasyphylla (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 109 (1891)
= Dysoxylum dasyphyllum Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 19 (1869)
= Pongelion moluccanum (DC.) Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 19 (1893) sub t. 294
subspecies :
subsp. calycina (Pierre) Noot.; Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermatoph. 6: 218 (1962)
Distribution: Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; Java
40 BHU IND 41 CBD THA VIE 42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Ailanthus calycina Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. (1893) t. 294
= Ailanthus grandis Prain; Indian Forester 28: 131 (1902)
= Pongelion calycinum (Pierre) Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch., t. 294 (1894)
= Pongelion grande (Prain) Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 9, 4: 278 (1906)
species :
Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston; Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: Suppl., 41 (1931)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, S-Yunnan); India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Sri Lanka; Andaman Isl. (Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Perak); Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Australia (E-Queensland, NE-New South Wales)
36 CHI 40 IND SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY PHI SUL 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Adenanthera triphysa Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 32 (1818)
= Ailanthus fauveliana (Pierre) Pierre; Pl. Util. Col. Franç. (1886) 306, et Fl. For. Vietnam. (1893) sub t. 294 et 295
= Ailanthus imberbiflora F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 3: 42 (1862)
= Ailanthus imberbiflora var. macartneyi F.M.Bailey; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 10: 21 (1895)
= Ailanthus kurzii Prain; Indian Forester 28: 133 (1902)
= Ailanthus malabarica DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 89 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Ailanthus philippinensis Merr.; Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35: 25 (1906)
= Hebonga mollis Radlk.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 6: 367 (1911 publ. 1912)
= Hebonga obliqua Radlk.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 6: 366 (1911 publ. 1912)
= Hebonga siamensis Radlk.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 264 (1912)
= Niota polyandra Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 1: 63 (1834)
= Pongelion fauvelianum (Pierre ex Laness.) Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch., t. 295B (1894)
= Pongelion imberbiflorum (F.Muell.) Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 19 (1893) sub t. 294
= Pongelion malabaricum (DC.) Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 19 (1893) sub t. 294
= Vitmannia polyandra (Wight & Arn.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 779 (1841)
species :
Ailanthus vietnamensis H.V.Sam & Noot.; Blumea 52(3): 555 (2007)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

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Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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