Name: Devil´s horsewhip (EN), Rabo de Gato (ES), Spreublume (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Sicily [I]; Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I], Nile Valley [I], SE-Egypt [I]); Azores [I] (Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Faial [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Senegal [I]; Ivory Coast [I]; Ghana [I]; Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; Principe Isl. [I]; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad [I]; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Samha Isl.; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia [I]; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]; St. Helena [I]; Madagascar; Comores (incl. Mayotte); Mozambique Channel Isl. [Îles Éparses] [I] (Juan de Nova Isl. [I]); Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Asuncio Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl., St. Pierre Isl., Farquhar Isl.); Îles Glorieuses [I]; Seychelles (incl. African Banks Isl., Remire Isl., Coetivy Isl., Darros Isl.); Iran (S-Iran); Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Keetaajima, Chichijima, Hahajima, Imohtojima); Volcano Isl. (Kita-Iwojima, Iwojima, Minami-Iwojima); Taiwan; Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Waziristan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Swat, Pakistani Punjab, Rawalpindi, Hazara); Nepal; Bhutan; India (throughout); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar (Magway, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; South China Sea Isl.; peninsular Malaysia (throughout); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; Cocos [Keeling] Isl.; North Keeling Isl.; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea [I]; Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales); Lord Howe Isl. (incl. Roach Isl.); Norfolk Isl. (Nepean Isl.); New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Late Isl. [I], Tongatapu, ´Eua, Lifuka, Vava´u); Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; American Samoa (Tutuila, Aunu´u, Ofu, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Islands, ´Upolu, Savai´i); Tuvalu (Nui Atoll); Gilbert Isl.; Nauru; N-Line Isl. [I] (Tabueran [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I], Aitutaki [I], Ngaputoru Group [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] (Nuku Hiva [I], Ua Pou [I], Hiva Oa [I], Fatu Hiva [I], Mohotani [I], Tahuata [I], Ua Huka [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I], Bora Bora [I], Huahine [I], Mehetia [I]); Gambier Isl. (Aukena, Mangareva); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Makatea Isl. [I], Rangiroa Atoll [I], Hao [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Rimatara [I], Rurutu [I], Raivavae [I], Rapa Iti [I], Tubuai [I]); Oeno Atoll; Pitcairn Isl. [I]; Palau (Ngeanges, Peleliu, Angaur, Sonsorol, Tobi); Northern Marianas (Agrihan, Pagan, Maug, Asuncion, Agrihan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Ulithi, Fais, Eauripik, Woleai, Faraulep, Ifalik, Satawal, Namonuito, Murilo, Nomwin, Truk, Piis, Nama, Namoluk, Lukunor, Satawan, Kapingamarangi, Mokil, Pohnpei); Marshall Isl. (Enewetok, Bikini, Rongelap, Taka, Utirik, Jemo); Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Hawaii Isl. [I], Laysan Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Florida [I], Louisiana [I]); Mexico [I] (widespread); Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Clipperton Isl. [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Navassa Isl. [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (Guana [I], St. Croix [I], St. John [I], St. Thomas [I], Tortola [I], Virgin Gorda [I]); Saba [I]; Antigua [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Barbados [I]; Aruba [I]; Bonaire [I]; Curacao [I]; Colombia [I]; Isla Margarita [I]; Venezuela [I]; Guyana [I]; Surinam [I]; French Guiana [I]; Ecuador [I]; Galapagos [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]
11 ger 13 sic 20 egy 21 azo mdr 22 ben gha ivo sen 23 BUR cmn pri RWA ZAI 24 cha ETH SOC SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZIM 27 nam SAF SWZ 28 sth 29 ALD COM MDG SEY 34 AFG IRN ISR JOR LEB 35 OMA SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 38 KZN NNS OGA TAI 40 BAN BHU IND LDV MDV NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR CKI JAW LSI MLY MOL nwg PHI SCS SNG SUL SUM XMS 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS LHI NFK 60 ASA fij GIL NRU nue nwc ROT SAM TON TUV van 61 aui coo GBI lin mrq PIT sci tua 62 GUM MIC MRN MRS PLU 63 haw 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz cli cos els gua hon nic pan 81 aba aru bbd bon cub cur gdl his jam mar nav pue sab stl stv ven vir 82 clm frg guy sur ven 83 bol ecu gal per 84 bra
Remarks: aspera agg. (Achyranthes s. str.); the native area is often uncertain, especially in the Pacific
Synonyms: hidden
= Achyranthes aspera f. robustiformis Suess.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 70 (1950)
= Achyranthes aspera f. subgrandifolia Suess.; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 12(2): 6 (1936)
= Achyranthes aspera var. australis (R.Br.) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 84 (1921)
= Achyranthes aspera var. canescens (R.Br.) Drake; Ill. Fl. Ins. Pacif. 271 (1892)
= Achyranthes aspera var. indica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 204 (1753)
= Achyranthes aspera var. nigro-olivacea Suess.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 194 (1942)
= Achyranthes aspera var. nuristanica Kitam.; Results Kyoto Univ. Sci. Exped. Karakoram 2 (Fl. Afghanistan): 107 (1960)
= Achyranthes aspera var. obovata Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 316 (1849)
= Achyranthes aspera var. obtusifolia (Lam.) Suess.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 152 (1952)
= Achyranthes aspera var. simplex Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 36 (1900)
= Achyranthes aspera var. villosior (Hensl.) D.M.Porter; Kew Bull. 37: 334 (1982)
= Achyranthes aspera var. virgata (Moq.) Boerl.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Ser. 2, 5: 425 (1891)
= Achyranthes asperoides Pires de Lima; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 19: 116 (1921)
= Achyranthes australis R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 417 (1810)
= Achyranthes canescens R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 417 (1810)
= Achyranthes daito-insularis Tawada; Biol. Mag. 5: 32 (1968)
= Achyranthes ellipticifolia Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 479 (1812)
= Achyranthes fruticosa Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 76 (1829), nom. illeg.
= Achyranthes grandifolia Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 313 (1849)
= Achyranthes indica (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)
= Achyranthes obovata Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 40(2, Anh.): 25 (1932), nom. illeg.
= Achyranthes obovatifolia Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 480 (1812)
= Achyranthes obtusifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 545 (1783)
= Achyranthes okinawensis Tawada; J. Geobot. 19: 31 (1971)
= Achyranthes tenuifolia Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 16 (1840), nom. inval.
= Achyranthes virgata Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 10 (1811)
= Cadelaria indica (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 39 (1837)
= Cadelaria punctata Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 39 (1836)
= Centrostachys aspera (L.) Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 75 (1915)
= Centrostachys australis (R.Br.) Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 75 (1915)
= Centrostachys canescens (R.Br.) Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 76 (1915)
= Centrostachys grandifolia (Moq.) Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 76 (1915)
= Centrostachys indica (L.) Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 75 (1915)
= Stachyarpagophora aspera (L.) M.Gómez; Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ. 2: 312 (1896)