006.0000
Family
Ophioglossaceae Martynov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 438 (1820) (Ophioglosseae)
Phylogeny: Zhang et al. 2020, Kuo et al. 2024
Species listed in database: 128; hybrids: 9
= Helminthostachyaceae Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 235 (1941)
= Ophioglosseae R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 163 (1810)
= Botrychiaceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam.: 15 (1847)
006.4003
Genus
Ophioglossum L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 1062 (1753) s. str.
Distribution: Almost worldwide. Species delimitation is often highly disputed because of few morphological characters. The split in smaller genera appears unnecessary because the genus remains monophyletic if they are included, and those genera are morphologically almost impossible to separate.
Species listed in database: 53; hybrids: 3
= Cassiopteris H.Karst.; Linnaea 20: 437 (1847)
= Goswamia Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 23 (2022)
= Haukia Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 24 (2022)
= Paraneura Prantl; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 350 (1833)
= Ptiloneura Prantl; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 351 (1883)
= Rhizoglossum C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 48 (1845)
= Whittieria Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 24 (2022)
species :
Ophioglossum ammophilum
C.D.Adams; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. XII, 7: 874 (1954)
Distribution: Nigeria; Sudan; Ethiopia; Zambia
22 NGA 24 ETH SUD 26 ZAM
Remarks: sometimes included in O. gomezianum but kept separate by Roux (2009)
species :
Ophioglossum austroasiaticum
M.Nishida; Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. 4: 329 (1959)
Distribution: Taiwan; Borneo
38 TAI 42 BOR
species :
Ophioglossum azoricum
C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 49 (1845)
Distribution: Iceland; England (SW-England, Wales, Scotland, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Outer Hebrides); Ireland (Ireland, NW-Northern Ireland); Switzerland; Poland (N-Carpathians); Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl. (Guernsey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Croatia; Azores (Terceira, Faial, Flores Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura); Turkey (Anatolia); Cyprus; Lebanon; Greenland
10 GRB ICE IRE 11 POL SWI 12 CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 CRO ITA 21 AZO CNY MDR 34 CYP LEB TUR 70 GNL
Remarks: vulgatum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum vulgatum subsp. ambiguum (Coss. & Germ.) E.F.Warb.; Watsonia 4: 41 (1957)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. ambiguum Coss. & Germ.; Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris, éd. 2: 873 (1861)
species :
Ophioglossum bergianum
Schltdl.; Adumbr. Pl. 10 (1825)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhizoglossum bergianum (Schltdl.) C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 48 (1845)
species :
Ophioglossum californicum
Prantl; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 355 (1883)
Name: California adder´s tongue (EN)
Distribution: USA (C-California, S-California, local); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Durango)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum lusitanicum var. californicum (Prantl) M.Broun; Index No. Amer. Ferns: 122 (1938)
= Ophioglossum lusitanicum subsp. californicum (Prantl) R.T.Clausen; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 160 (1938)
species :
Ophioglossum caroticaule
J.E.Burrows; Bothalia 23(2): 186 (1993)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe; South Africa (Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpulamanga)
24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ZAM ZIM 27 SAF
species :
Ophioglossum convexum
J.E.Burrows; Bothalia 19(2): 167 (1989)
Distribution: Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; South Africa; Madagascar (Mpulamanga); La Réunion
26 MLW ZAM ZIM 27 SAF 29 MDG REU
species :
Ophioglossum coriaceum
A.Cunn.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 361 (1836)
Distribution: Australia (S-Western Australia, S-Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory, South Australia, S-Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); Lord Howe Isl.; New Zealand (North Isl, South Isl., Stewart Isl.); Kermadec Isl.; Chatham Isl.; Easter Isl.; Ecuador; Peru
50 AUS LHI 51 CTM KER NZL 61 EAS 83 ECU PER
Remarks: possibly the South American records belong to O. melipillense
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum gramineum R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 163 (1810) (non Willd. (1802))
= Ophioglossum lusitanicum subsp. coriaceum (A.Cunn.) R.T.Clausen; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 161 (1938)
= Ophioglossum minimum (Hook.f.) J.B.Armstr.; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 13: 342 (1881)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum subsp. minimum (Hook.f.) Hook.f.; Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 1: 386 (1864)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. minimum Hook.f.; Bot. Antarct. Voy. II (Fl. Nov.-Zel.) 1: 50 (1854)
species :
Ophioglossum costatum
R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 163 (1810)
Name: Large adder´s-tongue
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; São Tomé; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; N-Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga); Madagascar; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam State, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Marahashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah); Sulawesi; Philippines; Australia (Northern Territory, NE-Queensland, N-Western Australia); Society Isl. (Tahiti); Trinidad [I]
22 BEN BKN GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BUR CAF CMN CON RWA SAO ZAI 24 CHA ETH SUD 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT SAF 29 MDG 40 BAN IND SRL 41 THA 42 BOR MLY PHI SUL SUM 50 AUS 61 SCI 81 trt
Synonyms: hidden
= Goswamia costata (R.Br.) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 23 (2022)
= Ophioglossum aphrodisiacum Welw. ex Hook.; Syn. Fil. [W. J. Hooker & Baker] 446 (1868)
= Ophioglossum brevipes Bedd.; Ferns S. India 23, t. 72 (1863)
= Ophioglossum bulbosum Bedd.; Ferns Brit. India Suppl. 28 (1876)
= Ophioglossum felixii Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 169 (1948 publ. 1949)
= Ophioglossum fibrosum Schumach.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. (Vid. Selsk. Afh. 4): 452 (1827)
= Ophioglossum oleosum Khand.; Indian Fern J. 4(1-2): 102, 31 Oct. (1987), et Bir (ed.), Biol. Indian Pterid. 222 (1987)
= Ophioglossum pedunculosum Desv.; Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 306 (1811)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. costatum (R.Br.) Hook.f.; Fl. Tasman. 2: 153, pl. 169 (1858)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. pedunculosum (Desv.) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 85: 221 (1913)
= Ophioglossum wightii Hook. & Grev.; Bot. Misc. 3: 218 (1833)
species :
Ophioglossum crotalophoroides
Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 2 (1788)
Name: Bulbous Adder´s-tongue
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Zacatecas, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Hispaniola (Dominican Republic); Colombia (Arauca, Boyacá, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima); Venezuela (Aragua, Merida, Tachira, Trujillo); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz); Brazil (Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul); Uruguay (Artigas, Canelones, Durazno, Lavalleja, Montevideo, Rio Negro, Rocha, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Cordoba, Entre Rios, Jujuy, La Pampa, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC 81 HIS 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Haukia crotalophoroides (Walter) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 24 (2022)
= Haukia tuberosa (Hook. & Arn.) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 24 (2022)
= Ophioglossum bulbosum Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 2: 276 (1803)
= Ophioglossum stipatum Colla; Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino 39: 52, t. 75, f. 1 (1836)
= Ophioglossum tuberosum Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 53 (1832)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. crotalophoroides (Walter) D.C.Eaton; Manual (Gray), ed. 5: 599 (1860)
variant :
var. nanum
Osten ex J.S.Licht.; Darwiniana 6: 397, fig. f, 10, 11 (1944)
Name: Bulbous adderstongue
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida); Paraguay (Central); Argentina (Corrientes)
78 USA 85 ARG PAR
species :
Ophioglossum eliminatum
Khand. & Goswamy; Fern Gaz. 12(6): 330 (1984)
Distribution: India (Assam State, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland)
40 IND
Remarks: phylogenetically a valid species
Synonyms: hidden
= Goswamia eliminata (Khand. & H.K.Goswami) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 23 (2022)
= Ophioglossum konkanense S.Patil & M.Dongare; Field Guide Pterid. Northern W. Ghats: 130 (2017)
species :
Ophioglossum engelmannii
Prantl; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 351 (1883)
Name: Limestone Adder´s-tongue (EN)
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora); Honduras; Costa Rica
74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 COS HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum vulgatum f. engelmannii (Prantl) Clute; Our Ferns: 316 (1901)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. engelmannii (Prantl) G.Tilton; Fern Lover´s Companion 193 (1922)
= Whittieria engelmannii (Prantl) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 24 (2022)
= Whittieria engelmannii (Prantl) Li Bing Zhang, Liang Zhang & Xia Wan; Phytotaxa 567(2): 205 (2022), isonym
species :
Ophioglossum fernandezianum
C.Chr.; Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez (Bot.) 2: 44, f. 7 (1920)
Distribution: Juan Fdz. Isl. (Masatierra)
85 JNF
Remarks: doubtful species according to Meza-Torres et al. (2015)
Conservation Status: IUCN E
species :
Ophioglossum gomezianum
Welw. ex A.Braun ex Kuhn; Filic. Afr. 176 (1868)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Nigeria; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Central African Republic; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga)
22 BKN GHA GUI IVO MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BIO BUR CAF 24 CHA ETH SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Goswamia gomeziana (Welw. ex A.Braun) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 23 (2022)
species :
Ophioglossum gracile
J.E.Burrows ex Pocock; Bothalia 25(1): 61 (1995)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: included by Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2017) in O. gramineum
species :
Ophioglossum gracillimum
Welw. ex Hook. & Baker; Syn. Fil. [W. J. Hooker & Baker] 445 (1868)
Distribution: Ghana; Tanzania; Angola; Zimbabwe; South Africa (Gauteng, Limpopo)
22 GHA 25 TAN 26 ANG ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum lusitanicum var. gracillimum (Welw. ex Hook. & Baker) A.Braun ex Kuhn; Filic. Afr. 177, 178 (1868)
species :
Ophioglossum gramineum
Willd.; Schrift. Akad. Erf. 2: 18, t. 1, f. 1 (1802)
Distribution: Ghana; Togo; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Congo [Brazzaville]; Chad; Angola; India (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Myanmar; C-Thailand; peninsular Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; E-Borneo; Philippines; E-Java; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
22 GHA TOG 23 BIO CMN CON 24 CHA 26 ANG 40 IND SRL 41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MOL NWG PHI 50 AUS
Conservation Status: IUCN NT for India (Fraser-Jenkins 2012)
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum dietrichiae Prantl; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 352 (1883) [fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2017)]
= Ophioglossum gramineum var. majus (Alderw.) Wieff.; Blumea 12(2): 324, f. 2, t. 3 (1964)
= Ophioglossum gregarium Christ; Nova Guinea 8: 164 (1909)
= Ophioglossum inconspicuum (Racib.) Alderw.; Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 21: 9 (1908)
= Ophioglossum inconspicuum f. majus Alderw.; Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 21: 9 (1908)
= Ophioglossum lanceolatum (Luerss.) Prantl; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 352 (1883) (non Watelet (1858))
= Ophioglossum moluccanum f. inconspicuum Racib.; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 59: 237, t. 2 f. 5 (1900)
= Ophioglossum moluccanum f. pumilum Racib.; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 59: 237 t. 2 f. 2-3 (1900)
= Ophioglossum prantlii C.Chr.; Index Filic. 471 (1906)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. gramineum (Willd.) Hook.f.; Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 2: 30 (1854)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. lanceolatum Luerss.; J. Mus. Godeffroy 3: 247 c. fig. (1875)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. prantlii (C.Chr.) W.R.B.Oliv.; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 49: 126 (1917)
species :
Ophioglossum gujaratense
S.M.Patil, R.N.Kachh., R.S.Patel & K.S.Rajput; Phytotaxa 351(4): 274 (2018) (fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2020)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Remarks: often included in O. gomezianum and phylogenetically a sister species
Synonyms: hidden
= Goswamia gujaratensis (S.M.Patil, R.N.Kachh., R.S.Patel & K.S.Rajput) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 23 (2022)
species :
Ophioglossum harrisii
Underw.; N. Amer. Fl. 16: 11 (1909)
Distribution: Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Grenada
81 CUB GRE HIS JAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum ekmanii C.Chr.; Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 16(2): 89, t. 16 (14) (1937)
species :
Ophioglossum hengduanensis
(Z.L.Liang & Li Bing Zhang) comb.ined.
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Whittieria hengduanensis Z.L.Liang & Li Bing Zhang; PhytoKeys 249: 31 (2024)
species :
Ophioglossum hitkishorei
M.Patel & M.N.Reddy; Bot. Lett. 166(4): 426 (2019)
Distribution: India
40 IND
Remarks: probably identical with O. raphaelianum
Synonyms: hidden
= Goswamia hitkishorei (M.Patel & M.N.Reddy) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 23 (2022)
species :
Ophioglossum indicum
B.L.Yadav & H.K.Goswami; Bull. Nat. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 36(4): 155 (2010)
Distribution: India
40 IND
Remarks: phylogenetically a valid species and not a synonym of O. rubellum
Synonyms: hidden
= Goswamia indica (B.L.Yadav & H.K.Goswami) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 24 (2022)
species :
Ophioglossum isanense
Petchsri, Li Bing Zhang & Jaruwatt.; Phytotaxa 533(3): 159 (2022)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Goswamia isanensis (Petchsri, Li Bing Zhang & Jaruwatt.) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 24 (2022)
species :
Ophioglossum jaykrishnae
S.M.Patil, S.K.Patel, Raole & K.S.Rajput; Indian Fern J. 37: 240, figs. 1-2 (2020)
Distribution: India (Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh)
40 IND
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed
species :
Ophioglossum kawamurae
Tagawa; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8: 134, f. 1 (1939)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu, Izu Isl.)
38 JAP
Conservation Status: EN in Japan. IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Rhizoglossum kawamurae (Tagawa) M.Nishida; J. Coll. Arts Chiba Univ. 1: 84, f. 1-7 (1953)
species :
Ophioglossum lancifolium
C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 50 (1845)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Fogo, S. Nicolau); Ghana; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte); Mozambique Channel Isl. [Iles Éparses] (Ile Europa, Juan de Nova Isl.); +Mauritius; La Réunion
21 CVI 22 GHA 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW ZAM 27 BOT NAM SAF 29 COM MAU MCI MDG REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum richardsiae J.E.Burrows; Bothalia 29: 15 (1999) [fide Schelpe]
species :
Ophioglossum latifolium
(Prantl) J.E.Burrows; Bothalia 23(2): 188 (1993)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Ghana; Nigeria; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire] (Tshopo); Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe
22 GHA NGA SIE 23 CAF CON ZAI 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum ellipticum Welw. ex Carruth.; Cat. Afr. Pl. (Hiern) 2(2): 279 (1901) (non Hook. & Grev. (1828))
= Ophioglossum gomezianum var. latifolium Prantl; Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 316 (1884)
species :
Ophioglossum lineare
Schltr. & Brause; Brause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 59 (1912)
Distribution: Solomon Isl. (Guadalcanal, Rendova, Vella Lavella)
43 SOL
Remarks: possibly a synonym of O. parvifolium
species :
Ophioglossum louisii
Taton; Bull. Jard. Bot. État. Bruxelles 17: 118, t. 2 (1944)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cheiroglossa louisii (Taton) Pic.Serm.; Webbia 9: 625 (1954)
species :
Ophioglossum lusitanicum
L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 1063 (1753)
Distribution: England (Isles of Scilly); Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Guernsey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Croatia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, Kiklades); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Mauritania; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Karpathos, Kasos, Rhodos); Turkey (Anatolia); Cyprus; Lebanon; Israel
10 GRB 12 BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI PTL SIC TUE 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 22 MTN 33 AZE GEO 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB TUR
Remarks: vulgatum agg.
Conservation Status: IUCN EN for India (Fraser-Jenkins 2012)
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum braunii Prantl; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 361 (1883)
= Ophioglossum loureiroanum C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 55 (1845) [fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2017)]
= Ophioglossum lusitanicum f. latifolium Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 460 (1913)
= Ophioglossum lusitanicum f. longipedunculatum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 460 (1913)
= Ophioglossum lusitanicum var. latifolium Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 460 (1913)
= Ophioglossum lusitanicum var. longepedunculum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 460 (1913)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum subsp. lusitanicum (L.) Hook.f.; Student. Fl. Brit. Isl.: 469 (1870)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum subsp. lusitanicum Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 381 (1894)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. lusitanicum (L.) Hook. & Arn.; Brit. Fl. [W. J. Hooker] ed. 8: 593 (1855)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. macrophyllum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 458 (1913)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. microphyllum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 458 (1913)
species :
Ophioglossum lusoafricanum
Welw. ex Prantl; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 351 (1883)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Fogo Isl.); Mali; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; N-Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, NE-E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; India (?Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam
21 CVI 22 MLI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES SAF SWZ 29 MDG 40 IND 41 CBD THA VIE
Remarks: assignment of Indian populations of O. lusitanicum to this species fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2020
species :
Ophioglossum madhusoodananii
Sojan, V.S.A.Kumar, Sindhu Arya, V.Suresh, L.Leeja & Alen Alex; Indian Fern J. 39(2): 71-78 (2022)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Ophioglossum malviae
M.Patel & M.N.Reddy; Sci. Rep. 8(art. 5911): 1, figs. 1-4 (2018) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 2020)
Distribution: India
40 IND
Remarks: phylogenetically a valid species
Synonyms: hidden
= Goswamia malviae (M.Patel & M.N.Reddy) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 24 (2022)
species :
Ophioglossum melipillense
J.Rémy; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 6: 541 (1854)
Distribution: Chile (Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule)
85 CLE
Remarks: recognized as valid species by Meza-Torres et al. (2015)
species :
Ophioglossum namegatae
Nish. & Kurita; J. Jap. Bot. 44: 253, f. 1-3 (1969)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Remarks: probably a synonym of O. petiolatum fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2017)
Conservation Status: VU in Japan. IUCN R
species :
Ophioglossum nudicaule
L.f.; Suppl. Pl. 443 (1782)
Name: Slender Adder´s-tongue, Least adderstongue
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Jalisco, Mexico State, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Dominican Republic); Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Guarico, Merida, Miranda, Trujillo); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Brazil (Acre, Bahia, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraíba, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Central, Cordillera); Uruguay (Montevideo); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Tucuman)
74 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB HIS JAM TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Remarks: Old World records refer to O. parvifolium which is treated as a separate species by Fraser-Jenkins.
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum capense Sw.; J. Bot. (Schrader) 1801(2): 308 (1803)
= Ophioglossum capense var. nudicaule (L.f.) Schltdl.; Adumbr. Pl. 9 (1821), nom. superfl.
= Ophioglossum dendroneuron E.P.St.John ex Small; Ferns S. E. States [Small] 364 (1938)
= Ophioglossum ellipticum Hook. & Grev.; Icon. Filic. 1: t. 40A (1827)
= Ophioglossum mononeuron E.P.St.John; Ferns S. E. States [Small] 364 (1938)
= Ophioglossum nudicaule var. robustum J.S.Licht.; Darwiniana 6: 413 (1944)
= Ophioglossum nudicaule var. vulcanicum R.T.Clausen; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 150, f. 31, 32 (1938)
= Ophioglossum pumilio E.P.St.John ex Small; Ferns S. E. States [Small] 361 (1938)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. nudicaule (L.f.) D.C.Eaton; Fl. South. U.S. [Chapman]: 599 (1860)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. nudicaule D.C.Eaton; Manual (Gray), ed. 5: 599, excl. syn. (1860)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. surinamense Luerss.; J. Mus. Godeffroy 3: 247 c. fig. (1875)
variant :
var. laxum
R.T.Clausen; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 151, f. 30 (1938)
Distribution: Colombia (Magdalena, Tolima)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum nudicaule f. minus (R.T.Clausen) M.Broun; Index No. Amer. Ferns: 123 (1938)
= Ophioglossum nudicaule var. minus R.T.Clausen; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 148, f. 29 (1938)
variant :
var. tenerum
(Mett. ex Prantl) R.T.Clausen; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 146 (1938)
Distribution: Panama; Colombia; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz); Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasilia Distrito Federal)
80 PAN 82 CLM 83 BOL PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum pusillum Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 248 (1818), nom. illeg.
= Ophioglossum spruceanum Fée; Crypt. Vasc. Brésil 1: 218, t. 52, f. 3 (1869)
= Ophioglossum tenerum Mett. ex Prantl; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 352 (1883)
= Ophioglossum ypanemense Mart.; Icon. Pl. Crypt. 39: 130, t. 73, f. 1 (1834)
species :
Ophioglossum oblongum
H.G.Zhou & H.Li; Guihaia 11(1): 40-41, f. 1 (1991)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophioglossum opacum
R.Br.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 12: 509 (1819)
Distribution: St. Helena; Argentina (Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); ?Chile (?Magallanes); Falkland Isl.; Gough Isl.; Tristan da Cunha; South Georgia Isl.
28 STH 85 ARG 91 FAL SGE TDC
Synonyms: hidden
= Haukia opaca (R.Br. ex Carmich.) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 24 (2022)
= Ophioglossum crotalophoroides subsp. robustum R.T.Clausen; Amer. Fern J. 38: 183 (1949)
= Ophioglossum crotalophoroides var. opacum (Carmich.) J.S.Licht.; Darwiniana 6: 396 (1944)
species :
Ophioglossum parvifolium
Hook. & Grev.; Bot. Misc. 3: 218 (1833)
Distribution: Botswana; South Africa (W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Madagascar; China (SW-Sichuan, Yunnan); Volcano Isl. (Iwojima, Kita-Iwojima); Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Malacca); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah); Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok); Moluccas (Seram); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl.); Solomon Isl. (Bougainville, etc.); Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland); New Caledonia; [Western] Samoa (Savai´i); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga); Marquesas Isl. (Eiao); Palau (Ngreregong); Northern Marianas (Rota Isl., Saipan); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Ulithi); Marshall Isl.. (Majuro); Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Hawaii Isl.)
27 BOT SAF 29 MDG 36 CHI 38 KZN 40 BAN IND NEP SRL 41 MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL PHI SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 NWC SAM 61 COO MRQ 62 GUM MIC MRN PLU 63 HAW
Remarks: bona sp. separate from the New World O. nudicaule fide Fraser-Jenkins 2008
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum capense var. nudicaule Schltdl.; Adumbr. Pl. 9, t. 1, f. 2 (1821)
= Ophioglossum luerssenii Prantl; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 352 (1883), et Jahrb. bot. Gart. 3: 321 t. 8 f. 20 (1884)
= Ophioglossum macrorrhizum Kunze; Farnkräuter 1: 57, t. 29 (1837)
= Ophioglossum nudicaule Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 171 (1800), non L.f.
= Ophioglossum nudicaule var. macrorrhizum (Kunze) R.T.Clausen; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 150 (1938)
= Ophioglossum pumilum (Racib.) Alderw.; Malayan Ferns 774 (1909)
= Ophioglossum schlechteri Brause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 58, f. 3 E (1912)
= Ophioglossum schmidii Kunze; Linnaea 24: 246 (1851)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. luerssenii (Prantl) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 20: 222 (1915)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. macrorrhizum (Kunze) Luerss.; J. Mus. Godeffroy 3: 242-244 (1875)
species :
Ophioglossum parvum
M.Nishida & Kurita; J. Jap. Bot. 55(4): 112 (1980)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Izu Isl.); ?Taiwan [probable]; Solomon Isl. (Rennell)
38 JAP 43 SOL
Conservation Status: VU in Japan. IUCN R
species :
Ophioglossum petiolatum
Hook.; Exot. Fl. 1: 56 (1823)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; South Korea; Japan; Bonin Isl. (Nakohdojima, Chichijima, Hahajima); Volcano Isl. (Iwojima); Taiwan; N-Pakistan; Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, ?Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Chandigarh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Jammu & Kashmir); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah); Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; Solomon Isl. (Bougainville, Makira, Guadalcanal, Kolombangara, Ranongga, Santa Ysabel, Tetepare, Vangunu); Australia (N-Western Australia, N-Northern Territory, E-Queensland, SE-New South Wales, E-Victoria); Lord Howe Isl.; Norfolk Isl.; New Zealand (Three Kings Isl., North Isl., South Isl.); Kermadec Isl.; Chatham Isl.; New Caledonia; Niue; Fiji (Viti Levu); American Samoa (Tutuila, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Savai´i); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Atiu, Mauke); Society Isl. (Moorea, Tahiti); Austral Isl. (Rapa Iti); Palau (Babeldaob); Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Truk, Moen); Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.)
36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR KZN OGA TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL PHI SUM XMS 43 SOL 50 AUS LHI NFK 51 CTM KER NZL 60 ASA FIJ NUE NWC SAM 61 AUI COO SCI 62 MIC PLU 63 HAW
Remarks: valid species and no synonym of O. reticulatum fide Fraser-Jenkins 2008 and 2015. Some distribution might still be listed under O. reticulatum.
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum cognatum C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 53 (1845)
= Ophioglossum elongatum R.Cunn. ex A.Cunn.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 361 (1837)
= Ophioglossum floridanum E.P.St.John; Amer. Fern J. 26: 52-53 (1936)
= Ophioglossum floridanum f. favosum E.P.St.John; Amer. Fern J. 26: 54, fig. 2 (1936)
= Ophioglossum floridanum f. reticulosum E.P.St.John; Amer. Fern J. 26: 55, fig. 3 (1936)
= Ophioglossum litorale Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 6(10): 27 (1929)
= Ophioglossum moluccanum f. complicatum Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 290 (1869)
= Ophioglossum moluccanum Schltdl.; Adumbr. Pl. 9 (1825)
= Ophioglossum pedunculosum var. australasiaticum (Luerss.) C.Chr.; (1932)
= Ophioglossum reticulatum f. complicatum (Miq.) Wieff.; Blumea 12: 330, f. 1a (1964)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. australasiaticum Luerss.; J. Mus. Godeffroy 3: 246 (1875)
species :
Ophioglossum polyphyllum
A.Braun ex Seubert; Fl. Azor. 17 (1844)
Name: Large adderstongue
Distribution: Morocco; Tunisia; ?Libya; SE-Egypt; Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Hierro, La Palma Isl., Lanzarote); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl.); Ghana; Niger; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Chad; N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan; Ethiopia; Djibouti; Somalia; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, North West, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; St. Helena; Ascension Isl.; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Iles Éparses] (Ile Europa); Iran; E-Afghanistan; Palestine; Bahrain; Qatar; Oman; Tibet; Pakistan (Kurram, Rawalpindi, Peshawar); India (Jammu & Kashmir, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, ?Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Chandigarh, Uttarakhand); Bangladesh; Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, Victoria, New South Wales); Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, ?Lanai, Maui, Hawaii, Kaho´olawe Isl.); USA (Arizona, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas)
20 EGY MOR TUN 21 CNY CVI 22 GHA NGR 23 BUR ZAI 24 CHA DJI ETH SOC SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF 28 ASC STH 29 MCI 34 AFG IRN PAL 35 BAR OMA QAT 36 TIB 40 BAN IND PAK 50 AUS 63 HAW 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Remarks: records from Tibet are this species and not O. nudicaule fide Fraser-Jenkins 2008. It is not mentioned in Fl. China. The Ascension Island populations are morphologically deviating and might be taxonomically separate.
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum aitchisonii (C.B.Clarke) J.F.R.Almeida; J. Indian Bot. 3: 63 (1922)
= Ophioglossum capense Schltdl.; Adumbr. Pl. 9 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Ophioglossum capense var. regulare Schltdl.; Adumbr. Pl. 9, t. 1, f. 2 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Ophioglossum concinnum Brack.; U.S. Expl. Exped., Filic. 16: 315, t. 44, f. 1 (1854)
= Ophioglossum cuspidatum Milde; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 107 (1864)
= Ophioglossum regulare (Schltdl.) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 472 (1906)
= Ophioglossum tapinum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40: 86 (1929), Descr. Pl. 2, t. 4f (1929)
= Ophioglossum vulgare var. aitchisonii C.B.Clarke; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., ser. 2, 1: 586 (1880)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum f. cuspidatum (Milde) Milde; Fil. Eur. 189 (1867)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. polyphyllum (A.Braun ex Seub.) Milde; Fil. Eur. 188 (1867)
variant :
var. angustifolium
Pocock ex J.E.Burrows; Ferns S. Afr. Compreh. Guide 746 (2012)
Distribution: NW-Zimbabwe; N-Namibia; South Africa (Gauteng, North West, N-Cape Prov.); Lesotho
26 ZIM 27 LES NAM SAF
species :
Ophioglossum pusillum
Raf.; Précis Découv. Somiol. 46 (1814)
Name: Northern Adder´s-tongue
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
70 ASK 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum vulgatum f. pseudopodum S.F.Blake; Rhodora 15(173): 87 (1913)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum f. pusillum (Raf.) House; Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 42 (1923)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. pseudopodum (S.F.Blake) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 18: 84 (1917)
species :
Ophioglossum raphaelianum
Anto, Afs.Khan, F.Francis & I.Antony; Int. J. Advanced Res. 4(5): 1269, figs. 1-2 (2016) (fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2020)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Tripura)
40 IND
Remarks: phylogenetically a valid species
Synonyms: hidden
= Goswamia raphaeliana (Anto, Afs.Khan, F.Francis & I.Antony) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 24 (2022)
species :
Ophioglossum reticulatum
L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 1063 (1753)
Name: Stalked Adder´s-tongue (EN)
Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Ilha Brava); Senegal; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni); Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Pemba Isl.; Tanzania; Zanzibar; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Comores (Anjouan); Mauritius; La Réunion; Rodrigues; N-Yemen; China (Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Japan; Ryukyu Isl.; Pakistan (Rawalpindi, Pakistani Punjab, Hazara); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand (widespread); Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor, Bali, Flores); Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (d´Entrecasteaux Arch.: Fergusson Isl.); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl.); Easter Isl.; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Louisiana [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], North Carolina [I], Oklahoma [I], South Carolina [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I]); Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Jalisco, Mexico State, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Revillagigedos Isl.; Guatemala; ?El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. John, St. Thomas); Saba; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; Grenada; Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Aragua, Barinas, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana?; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo); Paraguay (Cordillera); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman)
21 CVI MDR 22 BEN BKN GHA GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 ANN BIO BUR CAF CMN CON EQG GAB SAO ZAI 24 CHA ETH SOC SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 NAM SAF SWZ 29 COM MAU MDG REU ROD 35 YEM 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP NNS 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 CBD MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS 61 EAS 74 usa 75 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 MEX RGI 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SAB TRT VIR 82 CLM GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum aletum M.Patel, M.N.Reddy & H.K.Goswami; Indian Fern J. 35(1-2): 323 (2018) (fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2020]
= Ophioglossum chaloneri H.K.Goswami, M.Patel & K.K.Nag; Phytotaxa 468(1): 103 (2020) [tentative synonym fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2020]
= Ophioglossum cordifolium Wall.; Numer. List. [Wallich] no. 47 (1829), nomen
= Ophioglossum cordifolium Wall. ex Roxb.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 475 (1844)
= Ophioglossum cumingianum C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 52 (1845)
= Ophioglossum holm-nielsenii B.Øllg.; Fl. Ecuador 66: 16 (2001)
= Ophioglossum moluccanum f. dilatatum Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 92 (1869)
= Ophioglossum obovatum Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 93 (1869)
= Ophioglossum ovatum Bory; Voy. îles Afrique 2: 206 (1804)
= Ophioglossum pedunculatum (Desv.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 373 (1926)
= Ophioglossum peruvianum C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 52 (1845)
= Ophioglossum raciborskii Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 2, 28: 35 (1918)
= Ophioglossum ramosii Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 66: 97, t. 1 (1-2) (1935)
= Ophioglossum reticulatum f. dilatatum (Miq.) Wieff.; Blumea 12: 329 (1964)
= Ophioglossum reticulatum var. acutius Christ; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79(1): 56 (1908)
= Ophioglossum reticulatum var. polyangium Christ; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79: 56 (1908)
= Ophioglossum timorense Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 93 (1869)
= Ophioglossum usterianum Christ; A. Usteri, Fl. Umgebung São Paulo: 137 (1911)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum f. dilatatum (Miq.) Wieff.; Blumea 12: 329, f. 1c (1964)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. minutum F.M.Bailey; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric., Queensland 5: 27 (1892)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. reticulatum (L.) D.C.Eaton; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 8: 218 (1861)
species :
Ophioglossum rubellum
Welw. ex A.Braun; Fil. Afr. [Kuhn] 179 (1868)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Gabon; Central African Republic; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; South Africa (Mpulamanga)
22 BEN GHA SIE TOG 23 CAF GAB 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM 27 SAF
Remarks: probably in Goswamia
species :
Ophioglossum sandieae
J.E.Burrows; Ferns S. Afr. Compreh. Guide 746 (2012)
Distribution: Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; N-Namibia; N-Botswana
26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM
species :
Ophioglossum scariosum
R.T.Clausen; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 153, f. 33 (1938)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz)
83 BOL PER
species :
Ophioglossum thermale
Kom.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 85 (1914)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Primorye); Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; China (Anhui, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan); South Korea; Japan; Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Otohtojima); Taiwan
31 RFE 32 TKM TZK UZB 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS OGA TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum angustatum Maxon; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 36: 169 (1923), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Ophioglossum bucharicum (O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.) O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4: 8 (1923) [fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017]
= Ophioglossum japonicum Prantl; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 353 (1883), nom. illeg., non Thunb. (1784)
= Ophioglossum nipponicum Miyabe & Kudô; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 6: 122 (1916) (non Nakai)
= Ophioglossum savatieri Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 374 (1926), nom. nov. superfl.
= Ophioglossum thermale var. bucharicum (O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.) H.P.Fuchs
= Ophioglossum thermale var. nipponicum (Miyabe & Kudô) Nishida; Tagawa, J. Jap. Bot. 33: 202 (1958)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. bucharicum O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. thermale (Kom.) C.Chr.; Fl. Kamtchatka 1: 45-46, t. 20b (1927)
species :
Ophioglossum thomasii
R.T.Clausen; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 152 (1938)
Distribution: Liberia; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Uganda; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe
22 BEN BKN GHA IVO LBR NGA 23 CMN GAB RWA ZAI 25 TAN UGA 26 MLW ZAM ZIM
species :
Ophioglossum trilokinathii
B.L.Yadav, Meghvansi, Meena & Gena; Sci. Rep. 11 (24396): 2 (2021)
Distribution: India (Rajasthan)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Goswamia trilokinathii (B.L.Yadav, Meghvansi, Meena & Gena) Li Bing Zhang & Liang Zhang; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 173 (107512): 24 (2022)
species :
Ophioglossum vulgatum
L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 1062 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. vulgatum
Name: Gewöhnliche Natternzunge (DE), Southern adderstongue (EN), Huentru-lahuén [Chile]
Distribution: England (England, Scotland, Wales, Orkney Isl., Isle of Man); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains in mainland, rare Kiklades); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia (N-European Russia, C-European Russia, W-European Russia, E-European Russia); Ukraine; Moldova; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Madagascar; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril Isl.); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Anatolia); Syria; Iran; Cyprus; Lebanon; China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Macao, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora, Veracruz); Argentina (Neuquen, Rio Negro); Chile (Los Rios, Los Lagos, Aisén)
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR 29 MDG 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP IRN LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 85 ARG CLE
Remarks: vulgatum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum alaskanum E.Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 556 (1897)
= Ophioglossum alpinum Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 437 (1898)
= Ophioglossum arenarium E.Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 555, t. 318, 319, f. 3 (1897)
= Ophioglossum dudadae Mickel; Brittonia 44(3): 313 (1992)
= Ophioglossum mironovii Sumn.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 1: 1 (1945)
= Ophioglossum pringlei Underw. ex Conz.; Fl. Taxon Mex. (Conzatti) 1(2): 141 (1939) (nom. inval., without Latin description)
= Ophioglossum pycnostichum (Fernald) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Taxon 26(2-3): 324 (1977)
= Ophioglossum sabulicola Sauzé & Maillard; Fl. Deux-Sèvres: 451 (1880)
= Ophioglossum unifolium Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 554 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Ophioglossum valdivianum Phil.; Linnaea 33: 306 (1865)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum f. alaskanum (E.Britton) Gilbert; List N. Amer. Pterid.: 12 (1901)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum f. altissimum Werner Christ.; J. A. Christiansen et al., Flora von Kiel: 308 (1922)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum f. arenarium (E.Britton) Clute; Ferns in Their Haunts 47, 316 (1901)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum f. cuspidatum Milde; Fil. Eur. 189 (1867)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum f. lanceolatum (Clute) S.F.Blake; Rhodora 15(173): 87 (1913)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum subsp. alpinum (Rouy) R.C.V.Douin; Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France 12: 105 (1934)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. alaskanum (E.Britton) C.Chr.; Fl. Kamtchatka 1: 45 (1927)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. alpinum Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3: 92, descr. (1852)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. bifidum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 20 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. cuspidatum (Milde) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 459 (1913)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. duplex Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 20 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. incisum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 20 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. islandicum Á.Löve & D.Löve; 105 (1948)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. lanceolatum Clute; Fern Bull. 19: 72 (1911)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. microstichum (Ach.) Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 373 (1820)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. microstichum Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 373 (1820)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. minus T.Moore; Ferns Gr. Brit. (Moore), t. 51b (1856)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. polyphyllum Stefánsson; 1 (1901), nom. illeg.
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. pycnostichum Fernald; Rhodora 41(490): 494-495, pl. 570 (1939)
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. valdivianum (Phil.) J.S.Licht.; Darwiniana 6: 405 (1944)
subspecies :
subsp. africanum
J.E.Burrows ex Pocock; Bothalia 23(2): 189 (1993)
Distribution: Liberia; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov., North West, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Limpopo); Lesotho; Madagascar; Comores; La Réunion
22 LBR 23 BUR RWA 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 LES SAF 29 COM MDG REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum sarcophyllum Desv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 193 (1827)
= Ophioglossum microstichum Ach.; Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. (1899): 59, t. 3A (1899)
variant :
var. taylorianum
J.E.Burrows; Bothalia 29(1): 110 (1999)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zimbabwe
25 TAN 26 ZIM
subspecies :
subsp. kilimandscharicum
(Hieron.) J.E.Burrows; Bothalia 25(1): 62 (1995)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
23 ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophioglossum vulgatum var. kilimandscharicum Hieron.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C: 89 (1895)
species :
Ophioglossum yongrenense
Ching ex Z.R.He & W.M.Chu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 23: 43 (2001)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Remarks: included by some authors in O. kawamurae but kept separate by Flora of China
species :
Ophioglossum ×giovanninii
Peruzzi, Pierini, Magrini, Marchetti & Viane; Pl. Biosystems 149(3-4): 744 (2015)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
Remarks: Ophioglossum vulgatum x O. x pierinii
species :
Ophioglossum ×pierinii
Peruzzi, Magrini, Marchetti & Viane; Pl. Biosystems 149(3-4): 744 (2015)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
Remarks: Ophioglossum azoricum x O. lusitanicum
species :
Ophioglossum ×pseudoazoricum
Peruzzi, Pierini, Magrini, Marchetti & Viane; Pl. Biosystems 149(3-4): 744 (2015)
Distribution: S-France; Italy
12 FRA 13 ITA
Remarks: Ophioglossum azoricum x O. vulgatum
