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Ver. 24.11
November 5th, 2024

511.0000 Family Verbenaceae J.St.-Hil.; Expos. Fam. Nat. 1: 245 (1805), nom. cons.
35 genera, ca. 900 spp. The circumscription of the family has been greatly reduced, and much of it is now transferred into Lamiaceae.
Species listed in database: 880; hybrids: 36
= Durantaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 295 (1858)
= Lantanaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 357 (1820)
= Petreaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 364 (1858)
511.0801 Genus Verbena L.; Sp. Pl. 1: 18 (1753)
Distribution: (excl. Glandularia) temp. and trop. America, a few species in the Old World
Species listed in database: 57; hybrids: 13
= Billardiera Moench; Methodus 369 (1794)
= Burseria Loefl.; It. Hisp. 194 (1758)
= Helleranthus Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 1011 (1903)
= Obletia Rozier; J. Phys. 1: 367 (1773)
= Patya Neck.; Elem. 1: 296 (1790)
= Shuttleworthia Meisn.; Gen. 290 (1846)
= Styleurodon Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 14 (1836)
= Uwarowia Bunge; Bull. Sci. Acad. Petersb. 7: 278 (1840)
species :
Verbena alata Cham.; Linnaea 7: 258 (1832)
Distribution: SE-Brazil; S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena alata f. alba Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 426 (1951)
species :
Verbena bonariensis L.; Sp. Pl. 20 (1753)
Name: Purpletop vervain (EN); Buenos-Aires-Eisenkraut (DE); Verbena argentina (ES)
Distribution: England [I]; Denmark [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; ?France [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I], Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Graciosa [I], Sao Jorge [I], Faial [I], Flores Isl. [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I], La Palma [I]); D.R.Congo (Zaire [I]); Kenya [I]; Tanzania [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; Botswana [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; St. Helena [I]; St. Helena [I]; Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; South Korea [I]; Japan [I] (Honshu [I], Kyushu [I]); Ryukyu Isl. [I] (Okinawa Isl. [I]); Pakistan [I] (Lahore [I], N. W. Frontier Prov. [I], Pakistani Punjab [I]); India [I] (Assam [I], Indian Punjab [I], Gujarat [I], Maharashtra [I], Rajasthan [I], Uttarakhand [I]); Sri Lanka [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I] (Pahang [I]); Java [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Capital Territory [I], New South Wales [I], Queensland [I], South Australia [I], Victoria [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I] (North [I], South [I]); Kermadec Isl. [I] (Kermadec [I], Raoul [I]); New Caledonia [I] (incl. Loyalty Isl. [I]); Niue [I]; Fiji [I] (Viti Levu [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Rapa Iti [I], Saint Marys [I], Tubuai [I]); Pitcairn Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], E-Maui [I]); Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I]); Bermuda [I]; Mexico [I]; Bahamas [I]; Jamaica [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Ecuador (Pichincha); Peru (Arequipa, Lima); Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caazapa, Central, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, San Pedro); Uruguay (Artigas, Canelones, Colonia, Florida Prov., Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rivera, Rio Negro, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, Mendoza, Misiones, Rio Negro, Salta, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos); Tristan da Cunha [I]
10 den grb swe 11 ger net swi 12 por spa 20 alg mor 21 azo cny mdr 25 ken tan 26 moz zim 27 bot les saf swz 28 sth 29 mau mdg reu 38 jap kor nns 40 ind pak srl 42 jaw mly nwg 50 aus lhi nfk 51 ker nzl 60 fij nue nwc 61 aui pit 63 haw 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 81 bah ber jam pue 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE PAR URU 91 tdc
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena bonariensis f. albiflora Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 117 (1949)
= Verbena bonariensis f. robustior Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 2: 817 (1902)
= Verbena bonariensis var. conglomerata Briq.; Ark. Bot. 2(10): 11 (1904)
= Verbena bonariensis var. hispida Moldenke; Phytologia 33(6): 374 (1976)
= Verbena bonariensis var. hispida Rendle; J. Bot. 42: 370 (1904)
= Verbena bonariensis var. longibracteata Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 255 (1898)
= Verbena elongata Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 71 (1796)
= Verbena inamoena Briq.; Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1058 (1904)
= Verbena trichotoma Moench; Meth. Suppl. 131 (1802), nom. illeg.
species :
Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr.; Anal. Cienc. Nat. 4: 260 (1801)
Name: Bigbract verbena (EN), Kriechendes Eisenkraut (DE)
Distribution: England [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands [I]; Germany [I]; Italy [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, Sonora, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
10 grb swe 11 ger net 13 ita 31 rfe 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena bracteata f. albiflora (Cockerell) Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 146 (1946)
= Verbena bracteata f. brevibracteata (A.Gray) Moldenke; Phytologia 44(3): 134 (1979)
= Verbena bracteata f. imbricata (Wooton & Standl.) Moldenke; Phytologia 44: 134 (1979)
= Verbena bracteosa Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 13 (1803)
= Verbena bracteosa var. albiflora Cockerell; F. P. Daniels, Fl. Boulder Colorado: 204 (1911)
= Verbena bracteosa var. brevibracteata A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 336 (1878)
= Verbena brevibracteata (A.Gray) Eggert; Torreya 2: 124 (1902)
= Verbena canescens Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S.: 307 (1860), nom. illeg.
= Verbena confinis Greene; Pittonia 4: 152 (1899)
= Verbena imbricata Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 16: 166 (1913)
= Verbena prostrata Savi; Mem. Mat. Fis. Soc. Ital. Sci. 9: 349 (1801 publ. 1802)
= Verbena repens Spreng. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 750 (1840)
= Verbena rudis Greene; Pittonia 4: 152 (1899)
= Verbena squarrosa Roth; Catal. Bot. 3: 3 (1806), nom. illeg.
= Verbena subuligera Greene; Pittonia 1: 156 (1888)
= Zappania bracteosa (Michx.) Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 8: 843 (1808)
species :
Verbena brasiliensis Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 17 1: t. 40 (1835)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Italy [I]; South Korea [I]; Kenya [I]; Mozambique [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I]; Lesotho [I]; Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (New South Wales [I], Northern Territory [I], Queensland [I], South Australia [I], Victoria [I]); Norfolk Isl. [I]; Lord Howe Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I] (South Isl. [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Cook Isl. [I]; Fiji [I]; Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I]); Mexico (Michoacan, Nayarit); Colombia (Caldas, Cundinamarca, Huila, Meta, Santander, Valle); Ecuador (Azuay, Tunguragua); Galapagos (San Cristobal); Peru (Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huanuco, Junin, La Libertad, Lima); Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Guanabara, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Central, Neembucu, San Pedro); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Antofagasta, Valparaiso, Maule, Biobío, Los Lagos, Metropolitana de Santiago)
11 ger 12 por spa 13 ita 23 zai 25 ken 26 moz zim 27 les saf swz 29 mau mdg reu 38 kor 42 mly nwg 50 aus lhi nfk 51 nzl 60 fij nwc 61 coo 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 MEX 82 CLM 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE PAR
Remarks: It is still very much disputed whether this is only a variety of V. litoralis or a distinct species. The borders to V. litoralis are fluctuating. Moreover, V. incompta (V. litoralis var. brevibracteata) is frequently separated, too.
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena approximata Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 292 (1904)
= Verbena bonariensis var. brevibracteata Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 254 (1898)
= Verbena chacensis Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 228 (1955)
= Verbena hansenii Greene; Pittonia 3: 308 (1898)
= Verbena incompta P.W.Michael; Telopea 6: 181 (1995), nom. nov.
= Verbena isabellei Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 4: 234 (1900)
= Verbena litoralis f. angustifolia Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 2: 818 (1902)
= Verbena litoralis f. congesta (Moldenke) Moldenke; Phytologia 44(5): 329 (1979)
= Verbena litoralis f. magnifolia Moldenke; Phytologia 36(1): 51 (1977)
= Verbena litoralis var. brasiliensis (Vell.) Briq. ex Munir; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. (2002)
= Verbena litoralis var. brevibracteata (Kuntze) N.O´Leary; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 94: 598 (2007)
= Verbena litoralis var. congesta Moldenke; Phytologia 20: 80 (1970)
= Verbena quadrangularis Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 1: t. 39, 16 (1829)
species :
Verbena litoralis Kunth; Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 276. t. 137 (1818)
Name: Seashore vervain (EN)
Distribution: South Africa [I]; Namibia [I]; Lesotho [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I] (Okinawa Isl. [I]); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I], Queensland [I]); New Zealand [I] (North [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Northern Marianas [I] (Saipan [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Raivavae [I], Rapa [I], Tubuai [I]); Gambier Isl. [I] (Aukena [I], Mangareva [I]); Easter Isl. (Rapa Nui [I]); Norfolk Isl. [I]; Austral Isl. [I] (Tubuai [I], Raivavae [I]); Pitcairn Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Midway Isl. [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Arkansas [I], California [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Louisiana [I], Oregon [I], Texas [I]); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Tabasco, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Ecuador (Azuay, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Napo, Pastaza, Pichincha, Santiago-Zamora, Tunguragua); Galapagos (Fernandina, Isabela, San Cristobal, Santa Cruz, Santa Maria); Venezuela (Aragua, Barinas, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Peru (Amazonas, Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huanuca, Junin, La Libertad, Lima, Loreto, Piura, San Martin, Tacna); Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Uruguay (Paysandu, Salto); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, San Pedro); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
27 les nam saf 38 nns 50 aus nfk 51 nzl 60 nwc 61 aui EAS gbi pit 62 mrn 63 haw 73 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE jnf PAR URU
Remarks: see also V. brasiliensis which is frequently included here as variety, and both are often confused.
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena affinis M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(2): 322 (1844)
= Verbena bonariensis var. litoralis (Kunth) Hook. ex Müll.Berol.; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 20 (1845)
= Verbena brasiliensis var. subglabrata Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 278 (1950)
= Verbena cajamarcensis Binder ex Molinari; Polish Bot. J. 60: 68 (2015)
= Verbena caracasana Kunth; Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 275 (1818)
= Verbena carolina var. glabra Moldenke; Résumé: 361 (1959)
= Verbena gentryi Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 27 (1941)
= Verbena glabrata var. tenuispicata Moldenke; Phytologia 14: 283 (1967)
= Verbena integrifolia f. albiflora Moldenke; Phytologia 16: 95 (1968)
= Verbena integrifolia Sessé & Moc.; Pl. N. Hispan. ed. 1, 6 1887 (1890) (La Naturaleza, Ser. II. 1: App.), ed. 2, 6
= Verbena lanceolata Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 2: 748 (1825)
= Verbena litoralis f. albiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke; Phytologia 44(5): 329 (1979)
= Verbena litoralis var. albiflora Moldenke; Phytologia 1: 432 (1940)
= Verbena litoralis var. caracasana (Kunth) Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 292 (1904)
= Verbena litoralis var. glabrior Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur 153 (1846)
= Verbena litoralis var. leptostachya Schauer; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 11: 542 (1847)
= Verbena litoralis var. melanopotamica Hauman; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 24: 413 (1913)
= Verbena litoralis var. portoricensis Moldenke; Phytologia 50: 310 (1982)
= Verbena litoralis var. pycnostachya Schauer; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 11: 542 (1847)
= Verbena litoralis var. subglabrata (Moldenke) N.O´Leary & Múlgura; Fl. Vasc. Argent. 14: 198 (2012)
= Verbena longifolia f. albiflora Moldenke; Phytologia 7: 430 (1961)
= Verbena longifolia M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(2): 323 (1844)
= Verbena longifolia var. pubescens Moldenke; Phytologia 13: 307 (1966)
= Verbena minutiflora var. peruviana Moldenke; Phytologia 50(1): 14 (1981)
= Verbena nudiflora Nutt. ex Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(2): 195 (1863)
= Verbena paucifolia Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(II): 196 (1863), nom. illeg.
= Verbena sedula Moldenke; Phytologia 5: 229 (1955)
= Verbena sedula var. darwinii Moldenke; Phytologia 16: 341 (1968)
= Verbena sedula var. fournieri Moldenke; Phytologia 18: 211 (1969)
species :
Verbena californica Moldenke; Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac. & Avicenniac. 79 (1942)
Name: Red Hills vervain
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
species :
Verbena calinfera G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron Article 35: 3 (2010)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte)
79 MEX
species :
Verbena canescens Kunth; Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 274. t. 136 (1818)
Name: Gray vervain
Distribution: USA (Alabama, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena canescens f. albiflora Moldenke; Phytologia 9: 500 (1964)
= Verbena canescens var. roemeriana (Scheele) L.M.Perry; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 302 (1933)
= Verbena neei Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 241 (1947)
= Verbena roemeriana Scheele; Linnaea 21: 755 (1848)
species :
Verbena caniuensis Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 128 (1952)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná)
84 BRA
species :
Verbena carolina L.; Syst. ed. X. 852 (1759)
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Nevada); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Galapagos
76 USA 79 MEX 80 ELS GUA HON NIC 83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Styleurodon carolinianum (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 14 (1837)
= Verbena biserrata Kunth; Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 275 (1818)
= Verbena carolina f. hirsuta (M.Martens & Galeotti) Moldenke; Phytologia 47(4): 330 (1981)
= Verbena carolina var. hirsuta (M.Martens & Galeotti) Moldenke; Phytologia 44(7): 473 (1979)
= Verbena carolina var. polystachya (Kunth) Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 362 (1911)
= Verbena caroliniana f. recta Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 362 (1911), nom. altern.
= Verbena caroliniana L.; Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg. ed. 13.: 62 (1774), orth. var.
= Verbena caroliniana Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 14 (1803), orth. var.
= Verbena caroliniana var. polystachya (Kunth) Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 362 (1911)
= Verbena caroliniana var. recta Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 362 (1911)
= Verbena ehrenbergiana var. richardsonii Moldenke; Phytologia 38(6): 499 (1978)
= Verbena hirsuta M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(2): 321 (1844)
= Verbena mollis M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(2): 323 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Verbena pauciflora Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 687 (1847)
= Verbena paucifolia M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(2): 324 (1844)
= Verbena polystachya Kunth; Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 274 (1818)
= Verbena veronicifolia Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H. B. K.] 2: 275 (1818), nom. illeg.
species :
Verbena cloverae Moldenke; Am. Midl. Naturalist 24: 751 (1940)
Name: Clover´s vervain
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena cloverae f. alba Lundell; Wrightia 2: 47 (1960)
= Verbena cloverae var. lilacina Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 23 (1941)
species :
Verbena delicatula Mart. & Zucc.; Otto & A. Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 2: 245 (1834)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Verbena demissa Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 183 (1953)
Distribution: Ecuador (Azuay, Canar, Chimborazo, Loja, Pichincha)
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena demissa f. alba Moldenke; Phytologia 36(1): 51 (1977)
species :
Verbena ehrenbergiana Schauer; Linnaea. 20: 477 (1847), et in Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 11: 548 (1847)
Name: Ehrenberg´s vervain
Distribution: USA (Arizona); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Veracruz)
76 USA 79 MEX
species :
Verbena ephedroides Cham.; Linnaea 7: 261 (1832)
Distribution: SE-Brazil; S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Neembucu); Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones, Santa Fe)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena ephedroides var. entreriensis Tronc.; Darwiniana 21(1): 178 (1977 publ. 1978)
species :
Verbena falcata G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron Article 35: 5 (2010)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon)
79 MEX
species :
Verbena filicaulis Schauer; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 11: 549 (1847)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Argentina (Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena australis Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 419 (1948)
= Verbena filicaulis var. australis (Moldenke) Moldenke; Phytologia 40(3): 261 (1978)
= Verbena filicaulis var. pinnatisecta (Schauer) Moldenke; Phytologia 40(3): 261 (1978)
= Verbena pinnatisecta Schauer; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 11: 549 (1847)
= Verbena regnelliana Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 425 (1948)
species :
Verbena gemmea Uelman; Phytoneuron 2024-41: 1 (2024)
Distribution: USA (W- to SW-California, incl. Santa Catalina Isl.); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
species :
Verbena glabrata Kunth; Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 276 (1818)
Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Nariño); Ecuador (Azuay, Bolívar, Canar, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Imbabura, Loja, Napo, Pastaza, Pichincha, Tunguragua); Peru (Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cuzco, La Libertad, Lima, San Martin); Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Tarija)
82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena parvula Hayek; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42(1): 162 (1908)
= Verbena parvula var. gigas Moldenke; Phytologia 7: 85 (1959)
variant :
var. hayekii (Moldenke) O´Leary & Múlgura; Phytotaxa 163(3): 140 (2014)
Distribution: Peru (Apurimac, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Junin, Lima, Puno)
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena hayekii Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 148 (1946)
= Verbena procumbens Hayek; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 163 (1908) nom. illeg.
= Verbena weberbaueri Hayek; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 163 (1908)
species :
Verbena goyazensis Moldenke; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 77: 404 (1950)
Distribution: Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
species :
Verbena gracilescens (Cham.) Herter; Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 4: 186 (1937)
Distribution: Venezuela (Merida, Trujillo); Ecuador (Loja, Pichincha, Tunguragua); Peru (Apurimac, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Junin, Lima, Loreto, Piura, Puna, Tacna); Peru (Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Junin); Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Concepcion, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Artigas, Cerro Largo, Florida Prov., Paysandu, San Jose, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Rio Negro, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman)
82 VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena officinalis var. gracilescens Cham.; Linnaea 7(2): 254 (-255) (1832)
variant :
var. swiftiana (Moldenke) N.O´Leary; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 384 (2010)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Argentina (Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena swiftiana Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 427 (1948)
species :
Verbena gracilis Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 393 (1829)
Name: Fort Huachuca vervain
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena arizonica A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 95 (1883)
= Verbena parviflora Ruiz ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 25 (1845), pro syn.
= Verbena remota Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 21 (1839)
species :
Verbena grisea B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Am. J. Sci. Ser. III. 50: 142 (1895)
Distribution: Galapagos (Pinzon)
83 GAL
species :
Verbena halei Small; Bull. Torr, Bot. Club, 617 (1898)
Name: Texas vervain
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena gaudichaudii (Briq.) P.W.Michael; Telopea 7(3): 295 (1997)
= Verbena halei f. albiflora L.I.Davis; Nature Leafl., Lower Rio Grande Valley Nature Club 2: 4 (1945)
= Verbena halei f. parviflora Moldenke; Phytologia 34(1): 20 (1976)
= Verbena halei f. roseiflora (Benkr) Moldenke; Phytologia 1: 459 (1940)
= Verbena leucanthemifolia Greene; Pittonia 5: 135 (1903)
= Verbena officinalis f. roseiflora Benkr; Rhodora 35: 45 (1933)
= Verbena officinalis subsp. halei (Small) S.C.Barber; Syst. Bot. 7(4): 454 (1982)
= Verbena officinalis var. gaudichaudii Briq.; Annales du Conservatoire & Jardin Botanique de Genève 10 (1907)
= Verbena officinalis var. halei (Small) Munir; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. (2002)
= Verbena officinalis var. hirsuta Torr.; Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 128 (1859)
species :
Verbena hastata L.; Sp. Pl. 20 (1753)
Name: Swamp verbena
Distribution: England [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands [I]; Germany [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; India [c]; Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
10 grb swe 11 ger net 33 geo ncs 40 ind 71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena hastata f. albiflora Moldenke; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 24: 752 (1940)
= Verbena hastata f. caerulea Moldenke; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 490 (1964)
= Verbena hastata f. rosea (Coleman) R.H.Cheney; Rhodora 4: 245 (1902)
= Verbena hastata var. oblongifolia Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 40 (1818)
= Verbena hastata var. paniculata (Lam.) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Commiss. Parks Boulevards Detroit 11: 82 (1900)
= Verbena hastata var. pinnatifida (Lam.) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 416 (1814)
= Verbena hastata var. rosea N.Coleman; Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Pen. Michigan 2: 28 (1874)
= Verbena hastata var. scabra Moldenke; Phytologia 9: 283 (1963)
= Verbena paniculata Lam.; Encycl. 8: 548 (1808)
= Verbena paniculata var. pinnatifida (Lam.) Schauer; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 11: 546 (1847)
= Verbena pinnatifida Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 57 (1791)
species :
Verbena hirta Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 2: 749 (1825)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Sao Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Argentina (Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena hirta var. dusenii Moldenke; Phytologia 33(7): 480 (1976)
= Verbena hirta var. gracilis Dusén; Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 13: 36 (1903)
= Verbena paranensis Moldenke; Phytologia 6: 331 (1958)
= Verbena reitzii var. castrensis Moldenke; Phytologia 13: 259 (1966)
= Verbena strigosa Cham.; Linnaea 7: 256 (1832)
species :
Verbena hispida Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. 1: 22 (1798)
Name: Hispid mock vervain
Distribution: England [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I]); Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, Valle); Ecuador (Azuay, Loja); Peru (Apurimac, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huanuco, Junin, Lima, Moquegua, Puno, Tacna); Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Potosí, Tarija); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay); Argentina (Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Ñuble, Biobío)
10 grb 11 ger swi 40 srl 50 aus 75 usa 82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER 85 ARG CLE PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena glandulosa Moris; Ann. Stor. Nat. 4: 39 (1830)
= Verbena parvula f. albiflora Moldenke; Phytologia 61: 444 (1987)
variant :
var. obovata (Moldenke) N.O´Leary; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 94(3): 588 (2007)
Distribution: Ecuador (Pichincha); Peru; Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman)
83 ECU PER 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena bangiana Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 63 (1949)
= Verbena parvula var. obovata Moldenke; Phytologia 36(1): 52 (1977)
species :
Verbena intermedia Gillies & Hook.; Hook. Bot. Misc. 1: 166 (1830)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Misiones); Uruguay (Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Florida Prov., Montevideo, Rio Negro, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena bonariensis f. gracilis Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3. 1: 826 (1894)
= Verbena carollata Briq.; Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Geneve 10: 101 (1907)
= Verbena chamissonis Walp.; Rep. 4: 18 (1845)
= Verbena gracilis Cham.; Linnaea 7: 262 (1832)
= Verbena intermedia f. albiflora Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 176 (1949)
= Verbena intermedia f. glabrescens Hauman; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 24: 413 (1913)
= Verbena intermedia var. lanuginosa Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 118 (1949)
= Verbena tandilensis Speg.; Contr. Fl. Tandil 41 (1901)
= Verbena tenuis Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 751 (1841), nom. inval.
species :
Verbena jessicae Nesom & G.S.Hinton; Phytoneuron 2019-28: 1 (2019)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León)
79 MEX
species :
Verbena lasiostachys Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 122 (1822)
Name: Western vervain
Distribution: USA (California, California Channel Isl., New York, Oregon); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
73 USA 75 USA 76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena lasiostachys f. albiflora Moldenke; Phytologia 9: 465 (1964)
= Verbena lasiostachys f. scabrida (Moldenke) Moldenke; Phytologia 44: 328 (1979)
= Verbena lasiostachys f. septentrionalis (Moldenke) Moldenke; Phytologia 44: 328 (1979)
= Verbena lasiostachys var. scabrida Moldenke; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 24: 753 (1940)
= Verbena lasiostachys var. septentrionalis Moldenke; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 24: 753 (1940)
= Verbena prostrata R.Br.; W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 4: 41 (1812), nom. illeg.
= Verbena robusta Greene; Pittonia 3(18): 309 (1898)
species :
Verbena lindbergii Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 322 (1947)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Argentina (Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena malmei Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 475 (1948)
= Verbena reitzii Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 119 (1949)
species :
Verbena livermorensis B.L.Turner & G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron Article 35: 13 (2010)
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
species :
Verbena macdougalii A.Heller; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 588 (1899)
Name: MacDougal verbena
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena macdougalii f. albiflora Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 424 (1948)
species :
Verbena macrodonta L.M.Perry; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 289 (1933)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
species :
Verbena madrensis G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron Article 13: 1 (2010)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
species :
Verbena menthifolia Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 21 (1839)
Name: Mint vervain; Alfiler manso (Dominican Republic)
Distribution: Switzerland [I]; USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Cuba [I]; Hispaniola [I]
11 swi 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX 80 GUA 81 cub his
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena carolina f. albiflora Moldenke; Phytologia 7: 430 (1961)
= Verbena comonduensis Moldenke; Phytologia 18: 343 (1969)
= Verbena domingensis Urb.; Symb. Antill. 5: 484 (1908)
= Verbena domingensis f. foliosa Moldenke; Phytologia 34(1): 19 (1976)
= Verbena domingensis var. comonduensis (Moldenke) Moldenke; Phytologia 46(3): 155 (1980)
= Verbena domingensis var. cubensis Moldenke; Phytologia 50(5): 309 (1982)
= Verbena hintonii Moldenke; Phytologia 1: 439 (1940)
= Verbena menthifolia var. comonduensis (Moldenke) Moldenke; Phytologia 46: 155 (1980)
= Verbena setosa M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(2): 321 (1844)
species :
Verbena moctezumae G.L.Nesom & T.Van Devender; Phytoneuron Article 20: 1 (2010)
Distribution: Mexico (Sonora)
79 MEX
species :
Verbena montevidensis Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 2: 747 (1825)
Name: Uruguayan vervain
Distribution: USA [I] (Arkansas [I], Louisiana [I]); Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Tarija); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Central, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Paraguari); Uruguay (Canelones, Cerro Largo, Florida Prov., Montevideo, Paysandu, Salto); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones, Santa Fe)
78 usa 83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena cordobensis Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 10: 100 (1907)
= Verbena minutiflora Briq. ex Moldenke; Phytologia 7: 84 (1959)
= Verbena parviflora Larrañaga; Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 2: 9 (1923)
species :
Verbena moranii G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 35: 14 (2010)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte)
79 MEX
species :
Verbena neomexicana (A.Gray) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 1010 (1903)
Name: Hillside vervain
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena canescens var. neomexicana A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 337 (1878)
= Verbena neomexicana var. xylopoda L.M.Perry; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 297 (1933)
= Verbena runyonii f. rosiflora L.I.Davis; Nature Leafl., Lower Rio Grande Valley Nature Club 2: 4 (1945)
= Verbena runyonii Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 25 (1941)
= Verbena russellii Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 55 (1941)
= Verbena xylopoda (L.M.Perry) G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 35: 22 (2010)
variant :
var. hirtella L.M.Perry; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 298 (1933)
Name: Hillside vervain
Distribution: USA (California, Arizona, Maryland, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Zacatecas)
76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena abramsii Moldenke; Am. Midl. Naturalist 24: 750 (1940)
= Verbena hirtella (L.M.Perry) G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron Article 35: 8 (2010)
= Verbena lasiostachys var. abramsii (Moldenke) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 3: 381 (1943)
species :
Verbena officinalis L.; Sp. Pl. 20 (1753)
Name: Gewöhnliches Eisenkraut (DE); Herb of the cross (EN); Verbena comun (ES)
Distribution: England (incl. Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Scilly Isl., Guernsey, Jersey); Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden (incl. Bornholm Isl.); Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Pantelleria; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread lowlands, incl. most islands); Crete; Belarus; European Russia; Ukraine; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Tiago, Ilha Brava); Mauritania; Benin; Niger; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus (incl. Daghestan); Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Farah, Faryab, Herat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Parwan); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, SE-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Ikishima, Kyushu, Shikoku); Ryukyu Isl. (Amami Oshima, Irabu, Ishigakijima, Kurimajima, Miyakojima, Okinawa Isl., Shimoji Isl., Taketomi, Yonagunijima); Taiwan; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan (Baluchistan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Sind, Swat, Waziristan, Hazara, Pakistani Punjab); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, ?Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Uttarakhand); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon); Java; Australia [I] (Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand (North, South); New Caledonia [I]; Niue [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I]); Bermuda [I]; Mexico [I]; Cuba [I]; Colombia [I]; Galapagos [I]; Bolivia [I]; SE-Brazil [I] (Rio de Janeiro [I]); Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Maule [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I]); Tristan da Cunha [I]
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS FRA GIB POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 22 BEN MTN NGR 23 ZAI 24 ERI ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 29 mau reu rod 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR 35 OMA SAU YEM 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND ldv NEP PAK 41 MYA THA VIE 42 JAW PHI 50 aus 51 NZL 60 nue nwc 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 81 ber cub 82 clm 83 bol gal 84 bra 85 cle 91 tdc
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena adulterina Hausskn.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f. 10: 65 (1897)
= Verbena macrostachya F.Muell.; Fragm. 1: 60 (1859)
= Verbena menthiifolia Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 21 (1846)
= Verbena officinalis f. albiflora S.H.Jin & D.D.Ma; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 30: 1701 (2010)
= Verbena officinalis f. anomala Moldenke; Phytologia 51(2): 163 (1982)
= Verbena officinalis f. fimbriata Kereszty; Bot. Közlem. 91(1-2): 102 (2004)
= Verbena officinalis f. lobata Kereszty; Bot. Közlem. 91(1-2): 102 (2004)
= Verbena officinalis f. microphylla Kereszty; Bot. Közlem. 91(1-2): 102 (2004)
= Verbena officinalis var. anarrhinoides Murr; 19 (1908)
= Verbena officinalis var. anatolica Kereszty; Bot. Közlem. 91(1-2): 97 (2004)
= Verbena officinalis var. eremicola Munir; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. (2002)
= Verbena officinalis var. grandiflora Hausskn.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n. s. 10: 65 (1897)
= Verbena officinalis var. illyrica Kereszty; Bot. Közlem. 91(1-2): 99 (2004)
= Verbena officinalis var. latiloba Sennen; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 30: 38 (1931)
= Verbena officinalis var. macrophylla Kereszty; Bot. Közlem. 91(1-2): 99 (2004)
= Verbena officinalis var. macrostachya (F.Muell.) Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 36 (1870)
= Verbena officinalis var. minima Kereszty; Bot. Közlem. 91(1-2): 101 (2004)
= Verbena officinalis var. orientalis Kereszty; Bot. Közlem. 91(1-2): 101 (2004)
= Verbena officinalis var. prostrata Gren.; Fl. France 2: 718 (1853)
= Verbena officinalis var. racemosa Kereszty; Bot. Közlem. 91(1-2): 102 (2004)
= Verbena officinalis var. ramosa H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 440 (1912)
= Verbena officinalis var. resedifolia Murr; 52 (1902)
= Verbena officinalis var. spuria (L.) Hook.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 1: 176 (1836)
= Verbena riparia Raf. ex Small & A.Heller; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 3: 12 (1892)
= Verbena rumelica Velen.; Fl. Bulg. 441 (1891)
= Verbena sororia D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 104 (1825)
= Verbena spicata Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 92 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Verbena spuria L.; Sp. Pl. 20 (1753)
= Verbena urticifolia var. riparia (Raf. ex Small & A.Heller) Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 276 (1894)
= Verbena vulgaris Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 378 (1897)
variant :
var. africana (R.Fern. & Verdc.) Munir; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. (2002)
Distribution: Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); New Zealand [I]
24 ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ZAM ZIM 27 SAF 51 nzl
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena africana (R.Fern. & Verdc.) P.W.Michael; Telopea 7(3): 296 (1997)
= Verbena officinalis subsp. africana R.Fern. & Verdc.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 62: 305 (1989)
= Verbena officinalis var. monticola Munir; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 20: 86 (2002)
= Verbena officinalis var. natalensis Hochst. ex C.Krauss; Flora 28: 68 (1845), nomen
species :
Verbena ovata Cham.; Linnaea 7: 263 (1832)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caazapa, Itapua, Paraguari, San Pedro); Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
species :
Verbena perennis Wooton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 262 (1898)
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sonora)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
variant :
var. johnstonii Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 150 (1946)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena johnstonii (Moldenke) G.L.Nesom; Phytologia 73(4): 321 (1992)
= Verbena perennis f. johnstonii (Moldenke) Moldenke; Phytologia 44(5): 329 (1979)
species :
Verbena pinetorum Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 27 (1941)
Name: Chihuahuan vervain
Distribution: USA (Arizona); Mexico (Chihuahua, Hidalgo, Mexico State, Queretaro, Veracruz)
76 USA 79 MEX
species :
Verbena plicata Greene; Pittonia 5: 135 (1903)
Name: Fanleaf vervain
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Tamaulipas)
73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena plicata f. degeneri (Moldenke) Moldenke; Phytologia 44(5): 329(1979)
= Verbena plicata var. degeneri Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 24 (1941)
species :
Verbena rigida Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 4(2): 230 (1827)
Name: Tuberous vervain (EN), Ausläufer-Verbene (DE)
Distribution: England [I]; Sweden [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Poland [I]; Portugal [I]; France [I]; Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I], Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Faial); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; St. Helena [I]; Madagascar [I]; La Réunion [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Ryukyu Isl. (Okinawa Isl.); Taiwan [I]; India [I] (Tamil Nadu [I], Karnataka [I]); Sri Lanka [I]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I] (North Isl. [I], South Isl. [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Hawaii [I] (Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Louisiana [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Oklahoma [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I]); Bermuda [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Venezuela (Venezuela Distrito Federal); Bolivia (Santa Cruz); SE-Brazil (Sao Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Cordillera, Guaira, Misiones, Paraguari); Uruguay (Canelones, Lavalleja, Maldonado, San Jose, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
10 grb swe 11 ger pol swi 12 fra por 21 azo mdr 26 zim 27 les saf swz 28 sth 29 mdg reu 33 geo ncs 38 NNS tai 40 ind srl 42 jaw 50 aus 51 nzl 60 nwc 63 haw 74 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 81 ber cub his jam trt 82 VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena bonariensis f. venosa (Gillies & Hook.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 826 (1894)
= Verbena bonariensis var. rigida (Spreng.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 255 (1898)
= Verbena bonariensis var. venosa (Gillies & Hook.) Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 2: 817 (1902)
= Verbena doniana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 750 (1840)
= Verbena rigida f. alba (Trivetts) Moldenke; Phytologia 37(3): 275 (1977)
= Verbena rigida f. lilacina (Benary & Bodger ex Harrow) Moldenke; Phytologia 37(3): 275 (1977)
= Verbena rigida f. lilacina (Benary & Bodger) Moldenke; Phytologia 37(3): 275 (1977)
= Verbena rigida f. obovata Hayek; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42(1): 162 (1908)
= Verbena rigida f. paraguayensis Moldenke; Phytologia 34(1): 20 (1976)
= Verbena rigida var. glandulifera Moldenke; Phytologia 6(6): 331 (1958)
= Verbena rigida var. obovata (Hayek) Moldenke; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 5: 2 (1937)
= Verbena rigida var. reineckii (Briq.) Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 150 (1946)
= Verbena rugosa D.Don; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., ser. 2, 4: t. 318 (1835), nom. illeg.
= Verbena scaberrima Cham.; Linnaea 7: 267 (1832)
= Verbena scabra Marnock; Floric. Mag. & Misc. Gard. 5: 87, pl. 54, fig. 3 (1840)
= Verbena venosa Gillies & Hook.; Hook. Bot. Misc. 1: 167 (1830)
= Verbena venosa var. alba Trivetts; Cat. Suppl. Nov. List: 6 (1935)
= Verbena venosa var. lilacina Benary & Bodger ex W.Harrow; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 61: 401 (1935)
= Verbena venosa var. reineckii Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 3: 164 (1899)
species :
Verbena sagittalis Cham.; Linnaea 7: 259 (1832)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Argentina (Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena lindmanii Briq.; Ark. Bot. 2, no. 10: 12, pl. 3, A (1904)
species :
Verbena scabra Vahl; Eclog. Am. 2: 2 (1798)
Name: Verbena ortiga, Sandpaper vervain
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Mexico, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia); Bermuda; Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca); Bahamas (Eleuthera, New Providence); Cuba (incl. Isla de la Juventud); Jamaica; Hispaniola (Dominican Republic, Haiti); Puerto Rico
75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 81 BAH BER CUB HIS JAM PUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena scabra f. angustifolia Moldenke; Phytologia 14: 296 (1967)
= Verbena scabra f. ternifolia Moldenke; Phytologia 29: 503 (1975 publ. 1974)
species :
Verbena simplex Lehm.; Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 17 (1825)
Name: Narrowleaf vervain
Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena angustifolia Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 14 (1803), nom. illeg.
= Verbena integrifolia Michx. ex Walp.; Rep. 4: 13 (1845)
= Verbena rugosa Muhl. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 633 (1809)
= Verbena simplex f. albiflora Moldenke; Phytologia 10: 172 (1964)
= Verbena simplex f. eggertii (Moldenke) Moldenke; Phytologia 40: 468 (1978)
= Verbena simplex var. eggertii Moldenke; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 24: 753 (1940)
variant :
var. orcuttiana (L.M.Perry) N.O´Leary; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 411 (2010)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena orcuttiana L.M.Perry; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 284 (1933)
species :
Verbena sphaerocarpa L.M.Perry; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 256 (1933)
Distribution: Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro)
79 RGI
species :
Verbena stricta Vent.; Descr. Pl. Nouv.: t. 53 (1801)
Name: Hoary verbena
Distribution: Japan [I] (Honshu [I]); Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
38 jap 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena alopecurioides Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 749 (1840)
= Verbena alopecurus Cav.; Descr. Pl.: 68 (1801)
= Verbena cuneifolia Raf.; Med. Repos. N. York, II. 5: 360 (1808)
= Verbena mollis Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 146 (1832)
= Verbena rigens Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 14 (1803)
= Verbena scoparia Tausch; Flora 19: 390 (1836), nom. illeg.
= Verbena stricta f. albiflora Wadmond; Rhodora 34: 19 (1932)
= Verbena stricta f. roseiflora Benke; Rhodora 34: 10 (1932)
species :
Verbena supina L.; Sp. Pl. 21 (1753)
Name: Supine vervain (EN); Zwerg-Eisenkraut (DE); Verbena menor (ES)
Distribution: England; Denmark; Germany [I]; Poland; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Sicily; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; European Turkey; Greece (widespread); Crete; European Russia; Ukraine; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife); Mauritania; Senegal; Mali; Sudan; Ethiopia; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus (Daghestan); Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq); Cyprus (E-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Negev Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Pakistan (Sind); peninsular Malaysia (Malacca); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I])
10 DEN GRB 11 ger HUN POL 12 BAL POR SAR SPA 13 CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI ROM SIC SRB TUE 14 RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 22 MLI MTN SEN 24 ETH SUD 32 KAZ TKM 33 AZE NCS 34 CYP IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU 40 PAK 42 MLY 50 aus 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Heliotropium deserti Vatke; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 166 (1875)
= Verbena procumbens Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt. Arabia. 10 (1775)
= Verbena radicans Moench; Methodus 369 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Verbena supina f. dalmatica Kereszty; Bot. Közlem. 91(1-2): 104 (2004)
= Verbena supina f. deserta Kereszty; Bot. Közlem. 91(1-2): 104 (2004)
= Verbena supina f. erecta (Pau) Moldenke; Phytologia 11: 259 (1965), nom. illeg.
= Verbena supina f. petiolulata H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 2(7): 19 (1946)
= Verbena supina var. arbuscula Kereszty; Bot. Közlem. 91(1-2): 104 (2004)
= Verbena supina var. erecta (Pau) Munir; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. (2002)
= Verbena supina var. erecta Pau; Ann. Sci. Acad. Polytechn. Porto 6: 96 (1911)
= Verbena supina var. glabrescens Cout.; Fl. Portugal 2: 599 (1939)
species :
Verbena townsendii Svenson; Am. J. Bot. 22: 253 (1935)
Distribution: Galapagos (Fernandina, Isabela, Santa Cruz)
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena galapagosensis Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 55 (1941)
= Verbena stewartii Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 56 (1941)
species :
Verbena urticifolia L.; Sp. Pl. 20 (1753)
Name: White vervain (EN), Nesselblättrige Verbene (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Poland [I]; European Russia [I]; Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Hispaniola [I]; Galapagos [I]
11 ger pol 14 rus 71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 81 his 83 gal
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena curtisii Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 147 (1946)
= Verbena diffusa Poir.; Encyc. 8: 550 (1808)
= Verbena incarnata Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 153 (1832)
= Verbena urticifolia f. incarnata (Raf.) Moldenke; Phytologia 52: 232 (1982)
= Verbena urticifolia f. simplex (Farw.) Moldenke; Phytologia 44(3): 134 (1979)
= Verbena urticifolia var. incarnata (Raf.) Moldenke; Phytologia 52(4): 232 (1982)
= Verbena urticifolia var. simplex Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 103 (1924)
variant :
var. leiocarpa L.M.Perry & Fernald; Rhodora 38: 441, pl. 450, figs. 5-8 (1936)
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
species :
Verbena valerianoides Kunth; Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 277 (1818)
Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca)
82 CLM
species :
Verbena villifolia Hayek; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 164 (1908)
Distribution: Peru (Ancash, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Junin)
83 PER
species :
Verbena xutha Lehm.; Del. Sem. Hort. Hamb. (1834)
Name: Gulf vervain
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora, Tamaulipas)
74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena caerulea Vatke; Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. (1876) App. I
= Verbena lucaeana Walp.; Rep. 4: 23 (1845)
= Verbena strigosa Hook.; Companion Bot. Mag. 1: 176 (1836), nom. illeg.
species :
Verbena ×allenii Moldenke; Phytologia 34(2): 153 (1976), as ´alleni´
Distribution: USA (Louisiana, Texas)
77 USA 78 USA
Remarks: Verbena officinalis x V. xutha
species :
Verbena ×bingenensis Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 145 (1946)
Distribution: USA (Washington State)
73 USA
Remarks: Verbena bracteata x V. lasiostachys
species :
Verbena ×blanchardii Moldenke; Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 4: 18 (1937)
Distribution: USA (Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Virginia, Vermont)
74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: Verbena hastata x simplex
species :
Verbena ×clemensiorum Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 421 (1948)
Name: Amador County vervain
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Remarks: Verbena lasiostachys var. scabrida x V. officinalis
species :
Verbena ×deamii Moldenke; Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 4: 18 (1937)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Oklahoma, Wisconsin); Peru (Arequipa, Ayacucho, Junin); Paraguay; Argentina (Formosa)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA 83 PER 85 ARG PAR
Remarks: Verbena bracteata x stricta
Synonyms: hidden
= Verbena ×dodgei B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 437 (1966)
species :
Verbena ×engelmannii Moldenke; Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 4: 18 (1937)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: Verbena hastata x urticifolia
species :
Verbena ×goodmanii Moldenke; Phytologia 6: 330 (1958)
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Remarks: Verbena halei x V. stricta
species :
Verbena ×illicita Moldenke; Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 4: 18 (1937)
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Wisconsin)
74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: Verbena stricta x urticifolia
species :
Verbena ×moechina Moldenke; Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 4: 19 (1937)
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Mississippi, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Wisconsin)
74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: Verbena simplex x stricta
species :
Verbena ×perriana Moldenke; Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 4: 19 (1937)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Oklahoma, Washington State, Wisconsin)
72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: Verbena bracteata x urticifolia
species :
Verbena ×perturbata Moldenke; Phytologia 10: 313 (1964)
Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza)
85 ARG
species :
Verbena ×rydbergii Moldenke; Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 4: 19 (1937)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Arkansas, Connecticut, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Wisconsin)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: Verbena hastata x stricta
species :
Verbena ×stuprosa Moldenke; Phytologia 28(4) 403 (1974)
Distribution: USA (Arkansas)
78 USA
Remarks: Verbena simplex x urticifolia
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life