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282.0000 Family Malvaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 271 (1789), nom. cons.
249 genera, ca. 5400 spp.
Species listed in database: 5511; hybrids: 40
= Berryaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxvii (2001), Family
= Bombacaceae Kunth; Malvac., Büttner., Tiliac. 5 (1822), nom. cons.
= Brownlowiaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Byttneriaceae R.Br.; Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 540 (1814), nom. cons.
= Chiranthodendraceae A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 303 (1887)
= Dombeyaceae Desf.; Tabl. Ecole Bot., ed. 3: 252 (1829), nom. cons.
= Durionaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Grewiaceae Doweld & Reveal; Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 71: 100 (2005)
= Helicteraceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858), Family
= Hermanniaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég. 52 (1820)
= Hibiscaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 275 (1858)
= Lasiopetalaceae Rchb.; Mag. Aesth. Bot. 1(2): ad t. 37 (1823)
= Mansoniaceae A.Chev.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 38(1): 852 (1913)
= Melochiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 271 (1858)
= Pentapetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Philippodendraceae A.Juss.; Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 9: 735 (1847)
= Plagianthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 272 (1858)
= Sidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Sparrmanniaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 260 (1858)
= Sterculiaceae Vent.; Parad. Lond. 2: ad t. 69 (1807), nom. cons.
= Theobromataceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858)
= Tiliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 289 (1789), nom. cons.
282.9625 Genus Urena L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 692 (1753)
Distribution: tropics and subtropics
Species listed in database: 6
species :
Urena armitiana F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 10: 78 (1877)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Pavonia armitiana F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 10: 78 (1876)
= Urena armitiana var. stenophylla Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 954 (1928)
= Urena lobata var. grandiflora Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 206 (1863)
variant :
var. spenceri (Ewart) Fryxell & Craven; Austral. Syst. Bot. 2(4): 457 (1989)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus spenceri Ewart; Fl. N. Territory [Ewart & Davies] 186 (1917)
= Urena spenceri (Ewart) Fryxell; Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 92: 262 (1968)
species :
Urena australiensis Fryxell & Craven; Austral. Syst. Bot. 2(4): 457 (1989)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Urena lobata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 692 (1753)
Name: Caesarweed (EN)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl.); Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; ?Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; SW-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; S-Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia [I]; South Africa (Mpulamanga); Ascension Isl. [I]; St. Helena [I]; Madagascar [I]; Seychelles [I]; China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Japan (Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan (Lahore, Jhelum); Nepal; Bhutan; India (widespread, incl. Jammu & Kashmir); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl., Barren Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Chin, Mandalay); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (throughout); Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales); New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Tonga [I] (Tongatapu [I], ´Eua [I], Vava´u [I]); Niue [I]; Fiji; American Samoa [I] (Tutuila [I], Ta´u [I]); [Western] Samoa [I] (Aleipata Isl. [I], ´Upolu [I], Savai´i [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I], Atiu [I], Mauke [I], Mitiaro [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] (Nuku Hiva [I], Hiva Oa [I], Fatu Hiva [I], Ua Huka [I], Tahuata [I], Mohotani [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Mehetia [I], Moorea [I], Raiatea [I], Bora Bora [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Raivavae [I], Rurutu [I], Tubuai [I]); Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], East Maui [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I], Louisiana [I]); Mexico (Michoacán, Veracruz, Chiapas); Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Isla del Coco; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Saba; St. Kitts; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Caquetá, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, Meta, Nariño); Venezuela (Amazonas, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Miranda, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins, Acre); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Ceara, Paraíba, Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Amambay)
21 CVI 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI LBR MLI NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 ANN BIO BUR CAF CMN CON GAB PRI RWA SAO ZAI 24 CHA ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 nam SAF 28 asc sth 29 mdg sey 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL 50 AUS 60 asa FIJ nue nwc rot sam ton van 61 aui coo mrq sci 62 mic 63 haw 78 usa 79 MEX 80 BLZ COC COS HON NIC PAN 81 ABA BAH BBD CUB DOM GDL HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SAB STK STL STV TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus americanus (L.) Mabb.; Mabberley´s Pl.-Book, ed. 4: 1101 (2017)
= Lebretonia candida Lem.; Jard. Fleur. 3: t. 281 (1853)
= Malachra urena DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 441 (1824)
= Pavonia hookeri (Gürke) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 5: 144 (1901)
= Urena aculeata Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)
= Urena americana L.; Pl. Surin. 11 (1775)
= Urena americana L. ex L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 308 (1782)
= Urena blumei Hassk.; Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 12: 78 (1845)
= Urena callifera C.B.Clarke; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 7 (1889)
= Urena cana Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1930 B (1829), nomen
= Urena diversifolia Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 308 (1827)
= Urena grandiflora Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 442 (1824)
= Urena haenkeana Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 297 (1842)
= Urena heteromorpha Montrouz.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 10: 180 (1860)
= Urena heterophylla C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 2: 127 (1835), nom. illeg.
= Urena heterophylla Schrad.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) 1835: 6 (1835), nom. illeg.
= Urena lobata f. swartzii Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 5: 141 (1901)
= Urena lobata f. umbrosa Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 15/16: 243 (1912)
= Urena lobata subsp. alba S.N.Pardeshi & Srinivasu; Indian Forester 132: 629 (2006), contrary to Art. 37.7 ICBN (2006)
= Urena lobata var. americana (L.f.) Gürke; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(3): 471 (1892)
= Urena lobata var. henryi S.Y.Hu; Fl. China, Fam. 153, Malvaceae 75, t. 18-2 (1955)
= Urena lobata var. nummularia Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 20: 150 (1917)
= Urena lobata var. reticulata (Cav.) Gürke; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(3): 471 (1892)
= Urena lobata var. rhombifolia A.Gray; U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15(1): 169 (1854)
= Urena lobata var. tomentosa (Blume) Walp.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 19: 304 (1843)
= Urena lobata var. trilobata (Vell.) Gürke; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(3): 471 (1892)
= Urena lobata var. viminea (Cav.) Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 375 (1892)
= Urena lobata var. yunnanensis S.Y.Hu; Fl. China, Fam. 153, Malvaceae 77, t. 17-7 (1955)
= Urena loureiroi Meisn. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 732 (1841)
= Urena mauritiana Sieber ex Colla; Hortus Ripul. [Colla] 142 (1824)
= Urena microcarpa DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 442 (1824)
= Urena monopetala Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 2: 418 (1790)
= Urena obtusata Guill. & Perr.; Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 48 (1830)
= Urena phyllomorpha Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 732 (1841)
= Urena repanda Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 64 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Urena reticulata Cav.; Diss. 6, Sexta Diss. Bot.: 335 (1788)
= Urena ribesia Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 37: no. 5 (1818)
= Urena sieberi Colla; Hortus Ripul. [Colla] 142 (1824)
= Urena sinuata Sw.; Observ. Bot. [Swartz] 264 (1791), nom. illeg.
= Urena swartzii DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 442 (1824)
= Urena tomentosa Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 65 (1825)
= Urena trichocarpa Gagnep.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 80 (1909)
= Urena trilobata Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 7: 269, t. 44 (1829)
= Urena viminea Cav.; Diss. 6, Sexta Diss. Bot. 335, t. 184, f. 1 (1788)
= Urena virgata Guill. & Perr.; Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 48 (1830)
variant :
var. chinensis (Osbeck) S.Y.Hu; Fl. China, Fam. 153, Malvaceae 77 (1955)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Urena chinensis Osbeck; Dagb. Ostind. Resa 225 (1757)
variant :
var. glauca (Blume) Borss.Waalk.; Blumea 14: 144 (1966)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); Japan; India (almost throughout, except temperate Himalayas); Bangladesh
36 CHI 38 JAP 40 BAN IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Urena lappago var. glauca Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 65 (1825)
= Urena lobata var. scabriuscula (DC.) Walp.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 304 (1843)
= Urena scabriuscula DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 441 (1824)
variant :
var. mauritiana Marais; Kew Bull. 38(1): 44 (1983)
Distribution: Mauritius
29 MAU
variant :
var. multifida (Cav.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 5: 140 (1901)
Distribution: Mauritius; La Réunion; Rodrigues; ?Seychelles
29 MAU REU ROD
Synonyms: hidden
= Urena multifida Cav.; Diss. 6, Sexta Diss. Bot. 336, t. 184, f. 2 (1788)
variant :
var. tricuspis (Cav.) Gürke; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(3): 472 (1892)
Distribution: +La Réunion
29 REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Urena tricuspis Cav.; Diss. 6, Sexta Diss. Bot. 334, t. 183, f. 1 (1788)
variant :
var. umbonata Marais; Kew Bull. 38(1): 44 (1983)
Distribution: Mauritius; La Réunion; Rodrigues
29 MAU REU ROD
species :
Urena pedersenii Krapov.; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 21(2): 193 (2012)
Distribution: Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
species :
Urena procumbens L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 692 (1753)
Name: Bur mallow
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang); Japan (Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan (Sind); India (widespread); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Sri Lanka; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Yangon); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; Philippines; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; Solomon Isl.; Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Angaur); Northern Marianas (Alamagan, Sarigan, Anatahan, Saipan, Tinian); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Truk, Moen, Fefan, Pohnpei, Kosrae); El Salvador; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix); Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Caquetá, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta, Norte de Santander, Santander); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Amazonas, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Zulia)
36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BAN IND LDV PAK SRL 41 AND CBD MYA NCB THA VIE 42 LSI PHI XMS 43 SOL 62 GUM MIC MRN PLU 80 COS ELS PAN 81 CAY CUB DOM GDL HIS MAR PUE STL STV TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Urena heterophylla Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 37: no. 86 (1818), nom. illeg.
= Urena lappago Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 37: n. 11 (1817)
= Urena lobata subsp. sinuata (L.) Borss.Waalk.; Blumea 14: 142 (1966)
= Urena lobata var. lappago (Sm.) M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 1: 128 (1996)
= Urena lobata var. scabriuscula (DC.) Mast.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 329 (1874)
= Urena lobata var. sinuata (L.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 5: 141 (1901)
= Urena lobata var. sinuata (L.) Miq.; Pl. Jungh. [Miquel] 283 (1854)
= Urena manihot Klotzsch; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 4: 102 (1846), nomen
= Urena morifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 442 (1824)
= Urena muricata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 442 (1824)
= Urena paradoxa Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 5: 278 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Urena sinuata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 692 (1753)
= Urena sinuata var. ceylanica Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 379 (1892)
= Urena swartzii Macfad.; Fl. Jamaica [Macfadyen] 1: 60 (1837)
= Urena tomentosa Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1933 H (1829), nom. inval.
variant :
var. microphylla K.M.Feng; Fl. Yunnan. 4(1): 28 (1982)
Distribution: China (Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Urena repanda Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 182-183 (1832)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan); Pakistan (Pakistani Punjab); Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Kerala, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago, Kayin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia
36 CHI 40 BAN IND NEP PAK 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Abutilon esquirolii H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 24(295-297): 252 (1914)
= Decaschistia pulchra Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 59: 76 (1911)
= Malache repanda (Roxb. ex Sm.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 71 (1891)
= Malache rigida (Wall. ex Mast.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 71 (1891)
= Pavonia repanda (Roxb. ex Sm.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 98 (1826)
= Pavonia rigida (Wall. ex Mast.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 5: 144 (1901)
= Urena hamiltoniana Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2700 (1831), nom. inval.
= Urena palmata Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. (97) (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 182 (1832)
= Urena rigida Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1929 (1829), partim
= Urena rigida Wall. ex Mast.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 330 (1874)
= Urena speciosa Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 1: 23, t. 26 (1830)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life