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392.0000 Family Aizoaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 15 (1820), nom. cons.
127 genera, ca. 1900 spp.
Species listed in database: 1778; hybrids: 11
= Galeniaceae Raf.; Amer. J. Sci. (New York) 1: 376 (1819)
= Mesembryaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 37, 41 (1829)
= Mesembryanthemaceae Philib.; Intr. Bot., ed. 2, 3: 268 (1801), nom. cons.
= Sesuviaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 83 (1834)
= Tetragoniaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 209 (1836), nom. cons.
392.1101 Genus Trianthema L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 223 (1753)
Distribution: tropics and subtropics, esp. N- and and Australia (ca. 12 endemics)
Species listed in database: 29
= Ancistrostigma Fenzl; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 2: 293 (1838)
= Diplochonium Fenzl; Nov. Stirp. Dec. [Endlicher & Fenzl] 57 (1839)
= Papularia Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 69 (1775)
= Portulacastrum Juss. ex Medik.; Philos. Bot. [Medikus] 1: 99 (1789)
= Racoma Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 429 (1841)
= Reme Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 245 (1763)
= Rocama Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 108: 71 (1775)
species :
Trianthema argentinum Hunz. & Cocucci; Bol. Acad. Ci. (Córdoba) 41: 17 (1959)
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, La Rioja, San Juan)
85 ARG
species :
Trianthema ceratosepalum Volkens & Irmsch.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 497 (1912)
Distribution: Somalia; S-Kenya; N-Tanzania
24 SOM 25 KEN TAN
species :
Trianthema clavatum (J.M.Black) H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede; Pl. Ecol. Evol. 144(2): 195 (2011)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Trianthema crystallina var. clavata J.M.Black; Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia (1923)
= Trianthema triquetra var. clavata (J.M.Black) H.Eichler; Suppl. Black´s Fl. S. Austral. (1965)
species :
Trianthema compactum C.T.White; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 21: 10 (1919)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory: Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Trianthema corallicolum H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede; Pl. Ecol. Evol. 144(2): 195 (2011)
Distribution: Somalia; Kenya
24 SOM 25 KEN
species :
Trianthema corymbosum (E.Mey. ex Sond.) H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede; Pl. Ecol. Evol. 144(2): 197 (2011)
Distribution: South Africa
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Trianthema corymbosum E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 226 (1843), nomen
= Trianthema crystallinum var. corymbosum E.Mey. ex Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 2: 598 (1862)
= Trianthema parvifolia var. corymbosa (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Adamson; (1962)
species :
Trianthema crystallinum (Forssk.) Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 1: 32 (1790)
Distribution: Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Saudi Arabia; Yemen; ?Bangladesh
24 ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Papularia crystallina Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 69 (1775)
= Trianthema crystallinum f. obscurum Armari; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 144-162 (1904)
= Trianthema crystallinum f. suberosum A.Terracc.; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 5: 108 (1893)
species :
Trianthema cussackianum F.Muell.; Australas. Chem. Druggist 10: 207 (1895), et ex Bot. Centralbl. 64: 364 (1895)
Distribution: Australia (NW-Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Trianthema cypseleoides (Fenzl) Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 331 (1867)
Distribution: +Australia (+New South Wales)
50 AUS
Conservation Status: IUCN Ex. Known only from type
Synonyms: hidden
= Ancistrostigma cypseleoides Fenzl; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 2: 293 (1838)
species :
Trianthema glossistigma F.Muell.; S. Sci. Rec. 3: 282 (1883)
Distribution: Australia (N-Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Trianthema hecatandrum Wingf. & M.F.Newman; Kew Bull. 49(1): 115 (1994)
Distribution: Venezuela (Falcon)
82 VEN
species :
Trianthema hereroense Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: App. III. 76 (1897)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
species :
Trianthema kimberleyi Bittrich & K.M.Jenssen; Nuytsia 7(2): 118 (1990)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Trianthema megaspermum A.M.Prescott; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 6(2): 183 (1983)
Distribution: Australia (N-Northern Territory around Oenpelli, Jabiru and Jim Jim Falls)
50 AUS
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Trianthema mozambiquense H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede; Pl. Ecol. Evol. 144(2): 202 (2011)
Distribution: Mozambique
26 MOZ
species :
Trianthema oxycalyptrum F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 1: 173 (1859)
Distribution: Australia (N-Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Trianthema oxycalyptrum var. pedunculatum F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 1: 174 (1859), nom. illeg.
variant :
var. sessiliflorum F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 1: 174 (1859)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia: around Sturt Creek, SE-Kimberley)
50 AUS
species :
Trianthema pakistanense H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede; Pl. Ecol. Evol. 144(2): 203 (-204; fig. 3) (2011)
Distribution: Pakistan; India (Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana)
40 IND PAK
species :
Trianthema parvifolium E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 226 (1843), nomen, et ex Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 2: 598 (1862)
Distribution: SW-Angola; Namibia; South Africa (Limpopo, Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
26 ANG 27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Trianthema crystallinum var. rubens Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 2: 598 (1862)
= Trianthema parvifolium var. annulata Adamson; (1962)
= Trianthema triquetrum subsp. parvifolium (E.Mey. ex Sond.) C.Jeffrey; Kew Bull. 14: 237 (1960)
variant :
var. rubens (Sond.) Adamson; (1962)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Trianthema rubens E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 227 (1843), nomen
species :
Trianthema patellitectum A.M.Prescott; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 6(2): 185 (1983)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia: near Kununurra, adjacent Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Trianthema pilosum F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 1: 174 (1859)
Distribution: Australia (N-Western Australia, Northern Territory, N-South Australia, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Trianthema portulacastrum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 223 (1753)
Name: Desert horse-purslane, Verdolaga de hoja ancha
Distribution: Egypt (Nile Delta, SE-Egypt); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Sal Isl., Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Ilha Brava); Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; S-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Tanzania; Angola; Mozambique; South Africa (Mpulamanga); St. Helena [I]; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mozambique Channel Isl. [Îles Éparses] [I] (Île Europa [I], Juan de Nova Isl. [I]); Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; Iran (S-Iran); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Qatar [I]; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (Aden Desert, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); China (Hainan, Guangdong); Taiwan; Nepal; India (almost throughout); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Thailand; Cambodia; South China Sea Isl.; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Selangor); Philippines; Sulawesi; Java (incl. Madura Isl.); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Sumbawa, Flores, Timor); Moluccas (Ternate); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Easter Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I], West Maui [I]); USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola); St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenada; Barbados; Trinidad; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Antioquia, La Guajira); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Aragua, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy); Peru; Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Tarija); NE-Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Bahia); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay); Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Formosa, Jujuy, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Tucuman)
20 EGY 21 CVI 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GUI IVO MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN TOG 23 CON ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 TAN 26 ANG MOZ 27 SAF 28 sth 29 COM mau MDG reu rod 34 IRN ISR 35 qat SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN IND LDV NEP SRL 41 CBD THA 42 JAW LSI MLY MOL PHI SCS SUL 50 aus 61 eas 63 haw 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA ARU BAH BBD BON CUB CUR GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SBA STL STM TRT VIR 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Portulacastrum monogynum Medik.; Philos. Bot. [Medikus] 1: 99 (1789)
= Tetragonia chisimajensis Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 226 (1932)
= Trianthema flexuosum Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 221 (1827)
= Trianthema littoralis Cordem.; Fl. Réunion [Cordemoy] 290 (1895)
= Trianthema monogynum L.; Mant. Pl. 69 (1767), nom. superfl.
= Trianthema obcordatum Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 445 (1832)
= Trianthema procumbens Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 1 (1768)
species :
Trianthema rhynchocalyptrum F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 1: 174 (1859)
Distribution: Australia (N-Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Trianthema salsoloides Fenzl ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 2: 588 (1871)
Distribution: NE-Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania; SW-Angola; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Mpulamanga, Free State, N-Cape Prov.)
24 CHA ETH SUD 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Trianthema crystallinum var. oblongifolium Gamble; Fl. Madras 1: 551 (1918)
= Trianthema multiflorum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 40(2, Anh.): 29 (1932)
variant :
var. stenophyllum Adamson; J. S. African Bot. 27: 249 (1962)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State)
27 SAF
variant :
var. transvaalensis (Schinz) Adamson; J. S. African Bot. 27: 248 (1962)
Distribution: South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Trianthema transvaalensis Schinz; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 60: 396 (1915)
species :
Trianthema sanguineum Volkens & Irmsch.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 498 (1912)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Trianthema nigricans Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 40(2, Anh.): 30 (1932)
= Trianthema triquetrum var. sanguineum (Volkens & Irmsch.) C.Jeffrey; Kew Bull. 14: 237 (1960)
species :
Trianthema sheilae A.G.Mill. & J.Nyberg; Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(1): 33 (1994)
Distribution: Sudan; ?Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Saudi Arabia; S-Yemen
24 DJI ERI SUD 35 SAU YEM
species :
Trianthema triquetrum Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 381 (1825)
Distribution: ?Morocco; Egypt; Mauritania; Senegal; Niger; Chad; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; SW-Angola; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, Free State); Pakistan (Sind, Karachi, Baluchistan, Multan, Jhelum, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Hazara); India (Andhra Pradesh, Diu, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; SW-Thailand; Philippines (Mindanao); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali); Australia (N-Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)
20 EGY 22 MTN NGR SEN 24 CHA ERI ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZIM 27 NAM SAF 40 BAN IND PAK SRL 41 MYA THA 42 LSI PHI 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Trianthema glandulosum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 40(2, Anhang): 30 (1932)
= Trianthema glaucifolium F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 1: 172 (1859)
= Trianthema sedifolium var. microphyllum Courbon; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 18: 156 (1862)
= Trianthema sedifolium Vis.; Comment. Med. [Spongia] 2: 203 (1836)
= Trianthema triquetrum var. rottleri Trimen; Handb. Fl. Ceylon 2: 269 (1894)
variant :
var. oblongifolium Gamble; Fl. Madras 551 (1919)
Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Trianthema turgidifolium F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 10: 83 (1876)
Distribution: Australia (N-Western Australia: Shark Bay to Broome, extending E through the Great Sandy Desert to adjacent Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Trianthema ufoense H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede; Pl. Ecol. Evol. 144(2): 210 (2011)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Trianthema vleiense H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede; Pl. Ecol. Evol. 144(2): 211 (fig. 9) (2011)
Distribution: South Africa (North-West Prov., N-Cape Prov., Free State)
27 SAF
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life