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Ver. 25.03
Mar. 6th, 2025

406.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 310 (1789), nom. cons.
133 genera, ca. 1700-1800 spp. There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. The phylogeny is still somewhat in flux, but is getting more stabilized now. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1797; hybrids: 78
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl. 142 (1821)
= Nopaleaceae E.Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenr. 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; Dict. Rais. Bot. 52, 385 (1817)
406.3204 Genus Tephrocactus Lem.; Cactées 88 (1868)
Distribution: South America
Species listed in database: 10
= Banfiopuntia Guiggi; Cactology 2(Suppl.): (1) (2011)
= Pseudomaihueniopsis Guiggi; Cactology 3(Suppl. 5): 1 (2013)
= Ursopuntia P.V.Heath; Calyx 6(2): 41 (1999), nom. nov.
= Weberiopuntia Fric ex Kreuz.; Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen 41 (1935), nomen
species :
Tephrocactus abditus D.J.Ferguson & Janeba; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 91(4): 252 (2019)
Distribution: Argentina (Salta)
85 ARG
species :
Tephrocactus alexanderi (Britton & Rose) Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) No. 38, 250 (1953)
Name: Bola de Indio
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Opuntia alexanderi Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 4: 256 (1923)
= Opuntia alexanderi var. bruchii (Speg.) G.D.Rowley; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5 (1958)
= Opuntia alexanderi var. subsphaerica (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5 (1958)
= Opuntia bruchii f. brachyacanthus Speg.; Revista Argent. Bot. 1: 202 (1926)
= Opuntia bruchii f. macracantha Speg.; Revista Argent. Bot. 1: 202 (1926)
= Opuntia bruchii Speg.; Physis (Buenos Aires) 8: 239 (1925)
= Opuntia flexuosa (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5 (1958)
= Opuntia geometrica A.Cast.; Kakteenkunde 172 (1934)
= Opuntia halophila Speg.; Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 97 (1925)
= Opuntia riojana Hosseus ex Backeb. & Knuth; (1935)
= Tephrocactus alexanderi subsp. geometricus (A.Cast.) Guiggi; Cactology 5(Suppl. 3): 2 (2016)
= Tephrocactus alexanderi subvar. brachyacanthus (Speg.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 1: 294 (1958)
= Tephrocactus alexanderi subvar. macranthus (Speg.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 1: 293 (1958)
= Tephrocactus alexanderi var. bruchii (Speg.) Backeb.; Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. Teil 2 (Okt.) 18 (1939)
= Tephrocactus alexanderi var. subsphaericus (Backeb.) Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) 38: 250 (1953)
= Tephrocactus bruchii (Speg.) Backeb.; Cactaceae (Berlin) 1939(2): 18 (1939)
= Tephrocactus bruchii f. brachyacantha Speg.; Revista Argent. Bot. 1: 202 (1926)
= Tephrocactus bruchii subvar. macracantha (Speg.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 1: 293 (1958)
= Tephrocactus flexuosus Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 109 (1936)
= Tephrocactus geometricus (A.Cast.) Backeb.; Möller´s Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 49: 105 (1934), nomen, Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 111 (1935)
= Tephrocactus halophilus (Speg.) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 111 (1936)
= Tephrocactus microsphaericus Backeb.; 426 (1966)
= Tephrocactus riojanus Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 113 (1936)
= Tephrocactus subsphaericus Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 410 (1936)
species :
Tephrocactus aoracanthus (Lem.) Lem.; Cactées 89 (1868)
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, San Juan)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Opuntia acracantha Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 354 (1843), orth. var.
= Opuntia aoracantha Lem.; Cact. Aliq. Nov. 34 (1856)
= Opuntia formidabilis Walton; Cact. J. (London) 1: 105 (1898)
= Opuntia hossei (Krainz & Gräser) G.D.Rowley; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5 (1958)
= Opuntia paediophila A.Cast.; Lilloa 23: 7 (1950)
= Opuntia tuberiformis Phil.; Anales Mus. Nac. Santiago de Chile 1: 28 (1891)
= Tephrocactus aoracanthus var. paediophilus (A.Cast.) J.G.Lamb.; Cact. d´Argentine, ed. 2: 297 (1998)
= Tephrocactus hossei Krainz & Gräser; Sukkulentenkunde 4: 29 (1951)
= Tephrocactus paediophilus (A.Cast.) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 2: 395 (1980), no exact basionym page.
species :
Tephrocactus articulatus (Pfeiff. ex Otto) Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) No. 38, 249 (1953)
Name: Paper-spined Cholla
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, Santiago del Estero, San Juan, San Luis)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cereus articulatus Pfeiff.; Enum. Diagn. Cact. 103 (1837)
= Cereus polymorphus C.F.Först.; Handb. Cacteenk. [Förster] 472 (1846)
= Cereus syringscanthus Pfeiff.; Enum. Diagn. Cact. 103 (1837)
= Opuntia andicola Pfeiff.; Enum. Diagn. Cact. 145 (1837)
= Opuntia andicola var. fulvispina Lem.; Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 72 (1839)
= Opuntia articulata (Pfeiff.) D.R.Hunt; Bradleya 5: 93 (1987)
= Opuntia articulata Otto; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 1: 367 (1833), nomen
= Opuntia calva Lem.; Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 73 (1839)
= Opuntia diademata f. calva (Lem.) Schelle; Handb. Kakteenkult. 45 (1907)
= Opuntia diademata Lem.; Cact. Aliq. Nov. 36 (1838)
= Opuntia diademata var. calva (Lem.) F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 692 (1898)
= Opuntia diademata var. inermis Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 3, 4: 511 (1905)
= Opuntia diademata var. oligacantha Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 3, 4: 511 (1905)
= Opuntia diademata var. polyacantha Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 3, 4: 511 (1905)
= Opuntia glomerata f. oligacantha (Speg.) A.Cast.
= Opuntia glomerata f. papyracantha (Phil.) Castell.; Lilloa 23: 12 (1950)
= Opuntia glomerata var. calva (Lem.) G.D.Rowley; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5 (1958)
= Opuntia glomerata var. inermis (Speg.) G.D.Rowley; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5 (1958)
= Opuntia glomerata var. polycantha (Speg.) G.D.Rowley; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5 (1958)
= Opuntia papyracantha K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 694 (1898), nom. illeg.
= Opuntia papyracantha Phil.; Gartenflora 21: 129 (1872)
= Opuntia polymorpha Pfeiff.; Enum. Diagn. Cact. 103 (1837)
= Opuntia strobiliformis A.Berger; Kakteen [Berger] 53 (1929)
= Opuntia syringacantha (Pfeiff.) C.F.Först.; Handb. Cacteenk. [Förster] 470 (1846)
= Opuntia turpinii Lem.; Cact. Aliq. Nov. 36 (1838)
= Opuntia turpinii var. polymorpha Salm-Dyck; Cact. Hort. Dyck. 71 (1850)
= Tephrocactus andicola (Pfeiff.) Lem.; Cactées 88 (1868)
= Tephrocactus articulatus f. papyracanthus (Phil.) Guiggi & Verloove; Bradleya 35: 74 (2017)
= Tephrocactus articulatus f. syringacanthus (Pfeiff.) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 2: 392 (1980)
= Tephrocactus articulatus var. calvus (Lem.) Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) 38: 249 (1953)
= Tephrocactus articulatus var. diadematus (Lem.) Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) 38: 249 (1953)
= Tephrocactus articulatus var. inermis (Speg.) Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) 38: 249 (1953)
= Tephrocactus articulatus var. oligacanthus (Speg.) Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) 38: 249 (1953)
= Tephrocactus articulatus var. papyracanthus (Phil.) Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) 38: 249 (1953)
= Tephrocactus articulatus var. polyacanthus (Speg.) Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) 38: 249 (1953)
= Tephrocactus articulatus var. syringacanthus (Pfeiff.) Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) 38: 249 (1953)
= Tephrocactus calvus (Lem.) Lem.; Cactées 88 (1868)
= Tephrocactus diadematus (Lem.) Lem.; Cactées 88 (1868)
= Tephrocactus diadematus var. calvus (Lem.) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 107 (1936)
= Tephrocactus glomeratus var. andicola (Pfeiff.) Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) 38: 249 (1953)
= Tephrocactus glomeratus var. fulvispinus (Lem.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 1: 283 (1958)
= Tephrocactus glomeratus var. inermis Speg.; Revista Argent. Bot. 1: 200 (1926)
= Tephrocactus inermis (Speg.) Backeb.; Cactaceae (Berlin) 1939(2): 15 (1939)
= Tephrocactus neoglomeratus var. andicola (Pfeiff.) Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 73 (1981), nom. inval.
= Tephrocactus neoglomeratus var. fulvispinus (Lem.) Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 74 (1981), nom. inval.
= Tephrocactus strobiliformis (A.Berger) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 106 (1936)
= Tephrocactus turpinii (Lem.) Lem.; Cactées 88 (1868)
species :
Tephrocactus bonnieae (D.J.Ferguson & R.Kiesling) Stuppy; Kew Bull. 56(4): 1005 (2001)
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Maihueniopsis bonnieae (D.J.Ferguson & R.Kiesling) E.F.Anderson; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 325 (1999)
= Opuntia bonnieae (D.J.Ferguson & R.Kiesling) Halda & Janeba; Cactaceae etc. 9(4): 160 (1999)
= Puna bonnieae D.J.Ferguson & R.Kiesling; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 69(6): 290 (1997)
species :
Tephrocactus molinensis (Speg.) Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) No. 38, 249.(1953)
Distribution: Argentina (Salta)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Maihueniopsis molinensis (Speg.) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 2: 390 (1980)
= Opuntia denudata F.A.C.Weber; Dict. Hort. [Bois] 2: 897 (1898)
= Opuntia molinensis Speg.; Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 96: 63 (1923)
= Opuntia schumannii Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 511 (1905), nom. illeg.
= Tephrocactus molinensis var. denudatus (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) 38: 249 (1953)
species :
Tephrocactus nigrispinus (K.Schum.) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 109 (1935)
Distribution: Bolivia; Argentina (Jujuy, Salta); Chile (Tarapacá)
83 BOL 85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Maihueniopsis nigrispina (K.Schum.) R.Kiesling; Darwiniana 25: 209 (1984)
= Maihueniopsis nigrispina subsp. atroglobosa Backeb. ex Guiggi & Pat.Palacios; Kakteen And. Sukk. 62(12): 330 (2010)
= Opuntia albispinosa Mieckley ex Lindemuth & Dams; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 178 (1904), nomen
= Opuntia atroglobosa (Backeb.) R.Crook & Mottram; Bradleya 13: 106 (1995), nom. inval.
= Opuntia nigrispina K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 1: 695 (1898)
= Platyopuntia atroglobosa (Backeb.) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 2: 502 (1980), nom. inval.
= Platyopuntia nigrispina (K.Schum.) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 2: 413 (1980)
= Pseudomaihueniopsis nigrispina (K.Schum.) Guiggi; Cactology 3(Suppl. 5): 1 (2013)
= Pseudomaihueniopsis nigrispina subsp. atroglobosa (F.Ritter) Guiggi; Cactology 3(Suppl. 5): 1 (2013)
= Tephrocactus atroglobosus Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) No. 73-74, 5 (1962)
= Tephrocactus hegenbartianus Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 3: 15 (1963)
= Tephrocactus nigrispinus subsp. atroglobosus (Backeb. ex Guiggi & Pat.Palacios) M.Lowry; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 29 (2012)
species :
Tephrocactus recurvatus (Gilmer & H.P.Thomas) D.R.Hunt & Ritz; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 1: 27 (2011)
Distribution: Argentina (San Juan)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cumulopuntia recurvata Gilmer & H.P.Thomas; Kakteen And. Sukk. 52(4): 91 (2001)
= Maihueniopsis recurvata (Gilmer & H.P.Thomas) R.Kiesling; Fl. San Juan 2: 175 (2003)
species :
Tephrocactus verschaffeltii (Cels ex F.A.C.Weber) D.R.Hunt & Ritz; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 27 (2011)
Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Potosí, Tarija); Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman)
83 BOL 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Austrocylindropuntia haematacantha (Backeb.) Backeb.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 13 (1951)
= Austrocylindropuntia hypsophila (Speg.) Backeb.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 13 (1951)
= Austrocylindropuntia inarmata Backeb.; Cactus (Paris) No. 73-74 (1962) (not validly published)
= Austrocylindropuntia verschaffeltii (Cels ex F.A.C.Weber) Backeb.; Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. Teil 2 (Okt.), 10 (1939)
= Austrocylindropuntia verschaffeltii var. hypsophila (Speg.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 1: 149 (1958)
= Austrocylindropuntia verschaffeltii var. longispina Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 1: 6 (1956 publ. 1957)
= Banfiopuntia verschaffeltii (Cels ex F.A.C.Weber) Guiggi; Cactology 2(Suppl.): (1) (2011)
= Cylindropuntia haematacantha Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 118, 410 (1935)
= Cylindropuntia hypsophila (Speg.) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 119 (1935)
= Cylindropuntia verschaffeltii (Cels ex F.A.C.Weber) Backeb.; Nye kaktusbog 132 (1930), et Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 119 (1935)
= Cylindropuntia verschaffeltii f. longispina (Backeb.) Krainz; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 13: B (1960)
= Maihueniopsis verschaffeltii (Cels ex F.A.C.Weber) R.Kiesling; (1998)
= Opuntia digitalis (F.A.C.Weber) F.A.C.Weber; Dict. Hort. [Bois] 898 (1898)
= Opuntia hypsophila Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 2, 11: 509 (1905)
= Opuntia posnanskyana Cárdenas; Lilloa 23: 25 (1950)
= Opuntia teres K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 683 (1898), nom. illeg.
= Opuntia verschaffeltii Cels ex F.A.C.Weber; Dict. Hort. [Bois] 898 (1898)
= Opuntia verschaffeltii var. digitalis F.A.C.Weber; Dict. Hort. [Bois] 898 (1898)
= Opuntia verschaffeltii var. floribunda Borg; Cacti [Borg] 62 (1937)
= Opuntia verschaffeltii var. hypsophila (Speg.) G.D.Rowley; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 25 (1958)
= Opuntia verschaffeltii var. longispina (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 4 (1958)
species :
Tephrocactus weberi (Speg.) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 106 (1935)
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, La Rioja, Salta, San Juan, Tucuman)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Opuntia weberi Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 509 (1905)
= Opuntia weberi var. dispar A.Cast. & H.V.Lelong; Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 51 (1935-1936 publ. 1935)
= Opuntia weberi var. setigera (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 25 (1958)
= Tephrocactus setiger Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 106 (1936)
= Tephrocactus setiger f. dispar (A.Cast. & H.V.Lelong) G.Popov; Kaktus-Klub 15(1-2): 13 (2011)
= Tephrocactus setiger subsp. deminutus (Rausch) G.Popov; Kaktus-Klub 15(1-2): 13 (2011)
= Tephrocactus weberi subsp. deminutus (Rausch) Lodé; Cact.-Advent. Int. (Almeria) 36: 144 (2024)
= Tephrocactus weberi var. deminutus Rausch; Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 251 (1986)
= Tephrocactus weberi var. setiger (Backeb.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 1: 252 (1958)
= Ursopuntia textoris P.V.Heath; Calyx 6(2): 41 (1999), nom. nov.
= Ursopuntia textoris var. deminuta (Rausch) P.V.Heath; Calyx 6: 42 (1999)
= Ursopuntia textoris var. dispar (A.Cast. & H.V.Lelong) P.V.Heath; Calyx 6: 42 (1999)
= Ursopuntia textoris var. setiger (Backeb.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 6: 42 (1999)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.03 (March 6th, 2025)

Covering 356,112 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,454 synonyms,
in total 1,415,427* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life