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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35209; hybrids: 676
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.7474 Genus Syncarpha DC.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 16: (1810) 205, t. 5, f. 31
Distribution: South Africa (Cape Prov.)
Species listed in database: 20
= Argyranthus Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 75 (1790), nom. inval.
= Astelma R.Br. ex Ker Gawl.; Bot. Reg. 7: t. 532 (1820)
= Damironia Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], ed. 2, 56: 224 (1828)
= Helipterum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 211 (1838), nom. superfl.
= Leucostemma D.Don; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 540 (1826)
species :
Syncarpha argyropsis (DC.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 5 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Argyrocome argyropsis (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 309 (1891)
= Helipterum argyreum St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 127 (1880)
= Helipterum argyropsis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 211 (1838)
species :
Syncarpha aurea B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 39: 52 (2003)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Syncarpha canescens (L.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 4 (1989)
subspecies :
subsp. canescens
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Argyrocome canescens (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 309 (1891)
= Argyrocome vulnerata Schrank; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 164 (1821-1822 publ. 1824)
= Astelma canescens (L.) D.Don; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 545 (1824)
= Damironia elegantissima Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], ed. 2, 56: 226 (1828)
= Helichrysum canescens (L.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1906 (1803)
= Helichrysum imbricatum (L.) Thunb.; Fl. Cap. [Thunberg], ed. 2, 663 (1823)
= Helichrysum serpyllifolium (Lam.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 414 (1807)
= Helichrysum variegatum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1911 (1803)
= Helipterum canescens (L.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 212 (1838)
= Helipterum elegantissimum (Cass.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 481 (1841)
= Xeranthemum canescens L.; Pl. Rar. Afr. 20 (1760)
= Xeranthemum imbricatum L.; Pl. Rar. Afr. 20 (1760)
= Xeranthemum incanum Crantz; Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 290 (1766)
= Xeranthemum serpyllifolium Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 238 (1786)
subspecies :
subsp. leucolepis (DC.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 4 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.?)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Helipterum canescens var. leucolepis DC.
subspecies :
subsp. tricolor (DC.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 4 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Helipterum canescens var. tricolor DC.
species :
Syncarpha dregeana (DC.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 3 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Argyrocome dregeanum (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 309 (1891)
= Helipterum dregeanum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 214 (1838)
species :
Syncarpha dykei (H.Bol) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 5 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Helipterum dykei Bolus; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 1: 156 (1909)
species :
Syncarpha eximia (L.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 4 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Anaxeton eximium (L.) Schrank; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 8: (1824) 146 et 162
= Argyrocome eximium (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 309 (1891)
= Astelma eximium (L.) R.Br.; Bot. Reg. sub t. 532 (1821)
= Gnaphalium eximium L.; Mant. Pl. Altera 573 (1771)
= Helichrysum eximium (L.) Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 319 (1832)
= Helipterum eximium (L.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 213 (1838)
species :
Syncarpha ferruginea (Lam.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 4 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Astelma crassifolium D.Don; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 543 (1824)
= Gnaphalium ferrugineum (Lam.) J.C.Wendl.; Sert. Hannov., t. 23 (1797)
= Helipterum ferrugineum (Lam.) Harv. & Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 258 (1865)
= Helipterum spinulosum Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 24(1): 197 (1851)
= Xeranthemum ferrugineum Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 237 (1786)
species :
Syncarpha flava (Compton) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 4 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Helipterum flavum Compton; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 19: 316 (1931)
species :
Syncarpha gnaphaloides (L.) DC.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 16: 207 (1810)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Argyrocome gnaphalodes (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 309 (1891)
= Astelma modestum (Hook.) J.Forbes; Hort. Woburn. 184 (1833)
= Gnaphalium modestum Hook.; Bot. Mag. 54: t. 2710 (1827)
= Helichrysum gnaphaloides (L.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 739 (1841)
= Helichrysum staehelinoides Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 321 (1832)
= Helipterum gnaphaloides (L.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 213 (1838)
= Leontonyx modestus (Hook.) Heynh.; Nomencl. Bot. Hort. 1: 453 (1841), et 2: 349 (1841)
= Leysera gnaphaloides (L.) Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 160 (1800)
= Leysera squarrosa Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 160 (1800)
= Serratula gnaphaloides (L.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6: 559 (1805)
= Spiralepis modesta (Hook.) G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 340 (1830)
= Staehelina gnaphaloides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 840 (1753)
= Staehelina squarrosa (Thunb.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 118 (1838)
= Syncarpha staehelinoides Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 655 (1841)
species :
Syncarpha lepidopodium (Bolus) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 5 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Helichrysum lepidopodium Bolus; Trans. S. African Philos. Soc. 18: 392 (1907)
species :
Syncarpha loganiana (Compton) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 5 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Helipterum loganianum Compton; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 19: 317 (1931)
species :
Syncarpha marlothii (Schltr.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 5 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Helipterum marlothii Schltr.; J. Bot. 35: 430 (1897)
species :
Syncarpha milleflora (L.f.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 3 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Astelma milleflorum (L.f.) D.Don; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 542 (1824)
= Gnaphalium milleflorum L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 362 (1782)
= Gnaphalium phlomoides Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 740 (1786)
= Helichrysum phlomoides (Lam.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 482 (1826)
= Helipterum milleflorum (L.f.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 627 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Helipterum phlomoides (Lam.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 213 (1838)
species :
Syncarpha montana (B.Nord.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 5 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Helipterum montanum B.Nord.; Bot. Not. 119: 368 (1966)
species :
Syncarpha speciosissima (L.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 5 (1989)
subspecies :
subsp. speciosissima
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Argyrocome ferruginea Schrank; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 163 (1821-1822 publ. 1824)
= Argyrocome seminula Schrank; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 164 (1821-1822 publ. 1824)
= Argyrocome speciosissimum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 309 (1891)
= Astelma speciosissimum (L.) D.Don; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 544 (1824)
= Astelma staehelina D.Don; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 543 (1824)
= Helichrysum grandiflorum Eckl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 212 (1838)
= Helichrysum speciosissimum (L.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1904 (1803)
= Helichrysum staehelina Thunb.; Fl. Cap. [Thunberg], ed. 2, 664 (1823)
= Helipterum glabratum Sond.; Linnaea 23: 65 (1850)
= Helipterum seminudum (Schrank) Sch.Bip.; Flora 27: 692 (1844)
= Helipterum speciosissimum (L.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 211 (1838)
= Xeranthemum speciosissimum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 858 (1753)
= Xeranthemum speciosum Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 153 (1800)
subspecies :
subsp. angustifolia (DC.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 5 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Helipterum speciosissimum var. angustifolium DC.
species :
Syncarpha staehelina (L.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 39: 54 (2003)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Xeranthemum staehelina L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 546 (1767)
species :
Syncarpha variegata (P.J.Bergius) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 5 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Argyrocome variegatum (P.J.Bergius) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 309 (1891)
= Astelma spirale (Andrews) D.Don ex Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 222 (1826)
= Astelma variegatum (P.J.Bergius) D.Don; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 544 (1824)
= Damironia cernua Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], ed. 2, 56: 225 (1828)
= Helichrysum spirale (Andrews) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1903 (1803)
= Helichrysum variegatum (P.J.Bergius) Thunb.; Fl. Cap. [Thunberg], ed. 2, 663 (1823)
= Helichrysum vestitum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1903 (1803)
= Helipterum variegatum (P.J.Bergius) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 212 (1838)
= Xeranthemum spirale Andrews; Bot. Reg. 3: t. 262 (1818)
= Xeranthemum variegatum P.J.Bergius; Descr. Pl. Cap. 271 (1767)
= Xeranthemum vestitum Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 791 (1841)
species :
Syncarpha vestita (L.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 5 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Gnaphalium acilepis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 229 (1838)
= Gnaphalium repens var. vestitum (Thunb.) DC.
= Gnaphalium vestitum (L.) Sch.Bip.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 3: 172 (1845)
= Helichrysum lanatum Schrank; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 166 (1821-1822 publ. 1824)
= Helichrysum speciosum Thunb.; Fl. Cap. [Thunberg], ed. 2: 664 (1823)
= Helichrysum vestitum (L.) Schrank; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 166 (1821-22 publ. 1824)
= Leucostemma lingulatum D.Don; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 541 (1823 publ. 1824)
= Leucostemma vestitum (L.) D.Don; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 541 (1823 publ. 1824)
= Xeranthemum vestitum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 858 (1753)
species :
Syncarpha virgata (P.J.Bergius) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 4 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Argyrocome virgatum (P.J.Bergius) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 309 (1891)
= Astelma virgatum (P.J.Bergius) G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 3: 378 (1826)
= Helichrysum virgatum (P.J.Bergius) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1910 (1803)
= Helipterum virgatum (P.J.Bergius) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 212 (1838)
= Pteronia pauciflora Sims; Bot. Mag. 41: t. 1697 (1815)
= Xeranthemum virgatum P.J.Bergius; Descr. Pl. Cap. 275 (1767)
species :
Syncarpha zeyheri (Sond.) B.Nord.; Compositae Newslett. 17: 5 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Argyrocome zeyheri (Sond.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 309 (1891)
= Helipterum brachypterum Levyns; J. S. African Bot. 7: 84 (1941)
= Helipterum zeyheri Sond.; Linnaea 23: 66 (1850)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life