504.0000 Family Scrophulariaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 117 (1789), nom. cons., s. str.

62 genera, ca. 2000 spp. Phylogeny: Villaverde et al. 2023

Species listed in database: 2047; hybrids: 263

504.1003 Genus Scrophularia L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 619 (1753)

Distribution: America (from temp. to trop. regions), temp. Eurasia, esp. Mediterranean, Northern Caucasus, and Middle Asia, trop. Africa (1)

Species listed in database: 293; hybrids: 4

species :

Scrophularia aequilabris P.C.Tsoong; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 394 (1979)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia aestivalis Griseb.; Spicil. Fl. Rumel. 2: 36 (1844)

Name: Herbst-Braunwurz (DE)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Bulgaria; ?North Macedonia; Greece (mountains of NC- & NE-Greece, south to Mt. Ossa, also Thasos)

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia autumnalis Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 37: 178 (1898)

= Scrophularia sylvatica Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 153 (1856)

species :

Scrophularia alaschanica Batalin; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13(2): 380-381 (1894)

Distribution: China (Ningxia)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia alata A.Gray; Mem. Am. Acad. N. S. 6: 401 (1858 publ. 1859)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

31 RFE 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia alata var. borealikoreana (Nakai) Kitag.; Neo-Lineam. Fl. Manshur.: 570 (1979)

= Scrophularia borealikoreana Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 632 (1938)

= Scrophularia grayana Maxim. ex Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 25: 416 (1907), nom. superfl.

= Scrophularia grayana var. borealikoreana (Nakai) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 264 (1962)

= Scrophularia grayana var. takesimensis (Nakai) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 264 (1962)

= Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 635 (1938)

species :

Scrophularia alhagioides Attar & Joharchi; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 193 (2006)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia alpestris Gay ex Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 307 (1846) ex Lacaita, J. Bot. 67: 209 (1929), descr.

Distribution: N-Spain; Andorra; S-France

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia alpestris var. fimbriata Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 7: 108 (1908)

= Scrophularia betonicifolia Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées: 356 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia oblongifolia Merino; Fl. Galicia 2: 88 (1906), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia paui Merino; Fl. Galicia 2: 90 (1906)

= Scrophularia paui var. oblongifolia Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 43 (1914)

= Scrophularia pyrenaica var. montcaunica C.Vicioso; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 2: 227 (1942)

= Scrophularia scopolii Loisel.; Not. Fl. France: 95 (1810), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia scopolii subsp. alpestris (J.Gay) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 769 (1937)

species :

Scrophularia altaica Murray; Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gött. 1781: 35 (1781)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Mongolia

30 SIB 32 KAZ 37 MON

species :

Scrophularia amadiyana Ghaz. & Haloob; Kew Bull. 72(1)-17: 1 (2017)

Distribution: Iraq

34 IRQ

species :

Scrophularia amana Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 129, t. 8a (1970)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia amgunensis F.Schmidt; Reis. Amur-Land., Bot.: 57 (1868)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye)

31 RFE

species :

Scrophularia amplexicaulis Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 310 (1846)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran, N-Iran)

33 ARM NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia hajariana Parsa; Kew Bull. 3: 217 (1948)

species :

Scrophularia anatolica Sinan, Yapar & Behcet; Phytotaxa 665(3): 292 (2024)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia arguta Aiton; Hort. Kew. 2: 342 (1789)

Name: Spitze Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera comun (ES)

Distribution: WC- & SE-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (SE-Egypt); Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Ilha Brava); Mauritania; Sudan; Eritrea; Djibouti; Soqotra; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, W-Yemen)

12 SPA 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY CVI SEL 22 MTN 24 DJI ERI SOC SUD 35 OMA SAU YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia arguta f. purpurascens G.Kunkel; Cuad. Bot. Canar., 2627: 73 (1976)

= Scrophularia bianoris Sennen & Mauricio; Cat. Fl. Rif Or. 85, nomen (1933), et Diagn. Nouv. Pl. Espagne & Maroc, 1928-35, 238 (1936)

= Scrophularia duriaei Spach ex Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 632 (1890), nomen

= Scrophularia rostrata Hochst. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 395 (1879), nom. inval.

species :

Scrophularia atrata Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 99: 172 (1947)

Name: Darkflowered figwort

Distribution: USA (California: San Luis Obispo Co., Santa Barbara Co.)

76 USA

species :

Scrophularia atroglandulosa Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 244, t. 173 & 225, f. 1 (1981)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)

34 IRQ

species :

Scrophularia atropatana Grossh.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 21 (1950)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN TUR

species :

Scrophularia attariae Ranjbar & Rahch.; Nordic J. Bot. 35(2): 148 (2016)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia auriculata L.; Sp. PI. 620 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. auriculata

Name: Wasser-Braunwurz (DE); Shoreline figwort (EN); Fistulera de agua (ES)

Distribution: England; Ireland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, +Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland); Switzerland; Portugal; N-Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Estonia [I]; Morocco; Algeria; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Faial, Flores Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria); China [I] (Xinjiang [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (New York [I]); Chile [I] (Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Maule [I], Araucanía [I])

10 GRB IRE 11 BGM GER LUX NET SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ITA SIC 14 est 20 ALG MOR 21 AZO CNY 36 chi 51 nzl 75 usa 85 cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia appendiculata Balb. ex Wydler; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 4: 157 (1828), nom. inval.

= Scrophularia aquatica f. appendiculata (Mérat) Cout.; Fl. Portugal: 555 (1913)

= Scrophularia aquatica f. auriculata (L.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal: 555 (1913)

= Scrophularia aquatica f. flavidiflora Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 41 (1914)

= Scrophularia aquatica lusus periphylla Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 41 (1914)

= Scrophularia aquatica subsp. auriculata (L.) Quézel & Santa; Fl. Algèrie [Quézel & Santa] 2: 849 (1963)

= Scrophularia aquatica var. ampla Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 41 (1914)

= Scrophularia aquatica var. crenata Jess.; 105 (1879)

= Scrophularia aquatica var. durandii (Boiss. & Reut.) Pau; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 683 (1934)

= Scrophularia aquatica var. glabra Cout.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 22: 170 (1906)

= Scrophularia aquatica var. laxa Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 30 (1940)

= Scrophularia aquatica var. parviflora (Ball) Jahand. & Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 683 (1934)

= Scrophularia aquatica var. pubescens Caruel; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 6: 559 (1885)

= Scrophularia auriculata subsp. minor Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 552 (1870)

= Scrophularia auriculata var. glabra Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 552 (1870)

= Scrophularia auriculata var. microcarpa Merino; Fl. Galicia 2: 87 (1906)

= Scrophularia auriculata var. parviflora Ball; Spicil. Fl. Marocc. [Ball]: 597 (1878)

= Scrophularia auriculata var. pubescens Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 552 (1870), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia durandii Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan.: 91 (1852)

= Scrophularia ×hurstii Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4: 204 (1915 publ. 1916)

= Scrophularia rivularis Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 2(App.): 8 (1828)

= Scrophularia subverticillata Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 2(App.): 8 (1828)

= Scrophularia sulphurea Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 13 (1768)

= Scrophularia trifoliata Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. 1: 267 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia verticillata Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 2(App.): 7 (1828)

subspecies :

subsp. valentina (Rouy) Ortega Oliv., Serra, Herrero & Muñoz Garm.; Fl. Iber. 13: 111 (2009)

Distribution: E-Spain; Baleares; N-Morocco

12 BAL SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia auriculata Asso; Syn. Stirp. Arag. 81 (1779) non L. 1753

= Scrophularia auriculata f. terrestris Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 27: 442 (1898)

= Scrophularia auriculata subsp. pseudoauriculata (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 14: 97 (1983)

= Scrophularia balbisii Hornem.; Hort. Hafn. 2: 577 (1815)

= Scrophularia balbisii subsp. valentina (Rouy) Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Ruizia 11: 64 (1993)

= Scrophularia laevigata subsp. valentina (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 14: 96 (1983)

= Scrophularia pseudoauriculata Sennen; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 69: 108 (1923), et in Bol. Soc. Iber. 1930 29: 78, descr (1922)

= Scrophularia valentina Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 29: 124 (1882)

species :

Scrophularia azerbaijanica Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 282, t. 215 & 236, f. 4 (1981)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus; Turkey; Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR

species :

Scrophularia badakhshanica Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 271 (1981)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan)

34 AFG

species :

Scrophularia badghysi Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 20: 173 (1983)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan

32 TKM TZK 34 AFG

species :

Scrophularia bahorucana Zanoni; Moscosoa 5: 108 (1989)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

species :

Scrophularia bheriensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 46(8): 247 (1971)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Scrophularia birmanica H.L.Li; J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 442 (1947)

Distribution: Myanmar

41 MYA

species :

Scrophularia bitlisica Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 132, f. 1a (1970)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia bosniaca Beck; Ann. Naturh. Mus. (Wien) 2: 135 (1887)

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; ?North Macedonia; N-Albania

13 ALB BIH CRO MNT

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia bosniaca f. pyramidalis Hayek; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 99: 160 (1924)

species :

Scrophularia botryoides Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 224 (1981)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul)

34 AFG

species :

Scrophularia botschanzevii Turak.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 145 (1991)

Distribution: Tajikistan; Uzbekistan

32 TZK UZB

species :

Scrophularia bourgaeana Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prod. Fl. Hisp. 2: 550 (1870)

Distribution: C- & WC-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: sometimes included in S. herminii but kept separate by Flora Iberica

species :

Scrophularia buergeriana Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 166 (1865)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi); South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); ?Taiwan; Vietnam

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia buergeriana var. quelpartensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 23: 85 (1948)

= Scrophularia oldhamii Oliv.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 167 (1867 publ. 1864)

variant :

var. tsinglingensis P.C.Tsoong; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 395 (1979)

Distribution: China

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia bulgarica (Stoj.) Peev; Fl. Republ. Bulgariya 10: 106 (1996)

Distribution: Serbia; W-Bulgaria

13 BUL SRB

Remarks: valid species fide Stoyanov et al. 2022

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia variegata var. bulgarica Stoj.; Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh. 1: 78 (1926)

species :

Scrophularia cabulica Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 316 (1846)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni, Paktia / Khost)

34 AFG

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia elegantissima Rech.f. & Wendelbo; Bot. Not. 117: 366 (1964)

species :

Scrophularia californica Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 2: 585 (1827)

Name: California figwort

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Oregon, Washington State); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

71 CDN 73 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia californica subsp. floribunda (Greene) R.J.Shaw; Aliso 5: 176 (1962)

= Scrophularia californica var. catalina Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif.: 906 (1925)

= Scrophularia californica var. floribunda Greene; Man. Bot. San Francisco 273 (1894)

= Scrophularia californica var. laciniata Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jeps.] 906 (1925)

= Scrophularia californica var. oregana (Pennell) Cronquist; Fl. Pacific North. west: 441 (1973)

= Scrophularia floribunda (Greene) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 246 (1906) non Boiss. & Balansa

= Scrophularia multiflora Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 99: 173 (1947)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. californica (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Benth.] 40 (1844)

= Scrophularia oregana Pennell; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 55: 316 (1928)

species :

Scrophularia calliantha Webb & Berthel.; Phyt. Canar. 3: 136 (1850)

Name: Schönblütige Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera de Gran Canaria (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria)

21 CNY

species :

Scrophularia calycina Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835)

Distribution: Pakistan (Swat, Hazara); Nepal; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Veronica thyrsiflora Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6393 (1832)

species :

Scrophularia canescens Bong.; Bull. Sci. Acad. Petersb. 8: 340 (1841)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB

species :

Scrophularia canina L.; Sp. Pl. 621 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. canina

Name: Hunds-Braunwurz (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland [I]); Switzerland; ?Liechtenstein; Austria; Slovakia; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; USA [I] (New Jersey [I])

11 AUT GER SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ITA SIC SLV SMA 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 75 usa

Remarks: canina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia atropurpurea Moretti; Bibliot. Ital. (Milan) 12: 372 (1818)

= Scrophularia barcinonensis Sennen; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 70: 65 (1923 publ. 1924), nomen

= Scrophularia canina subsp. pinnatifida (Brot.) J.-M.Tison; Biocosme Mésogéen 27(4): 131 (2010)

= Scrophularia canina var. baetica Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 446 (1841), as ´boetica´

= Scrophularia canina var. deschatresii Gamisans; D. Jeanmonod & Gamisans, Scrophulariac. (Complém. Prodr. Fl. Corse): 129 (1992)

= Scrophularia canina var. dissecta Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 11: 94 (1909)

= Scrophularia canina var. humifusa (Timb.-Lagr. ex Nyman) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy] 11: 94 (1909)

= Scrophularia canina var. montana Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 4: 163 (1829)

= Scrophularia canina var. nana Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 4: 163 (1829)

= Scrophularia canina var. pinnatifida (Brot.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 598 (1878)

= Scrophularia canina var. tenuisecta Jord. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 534 (1881), nom. inval.

= Scrophularia humifusa Timb.-Lagr. ex Nyman; Consp. 534 (1881)

= Scrophularia littoralis Sennen; Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 29: 79 (1930)

= Scrophularia lucida Pall. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur. Caucasus 2: 78 (1808) non L.

= Scrophularia multifida Lam.; Fl. Franç. 2: 336 (1779)

= Scrophularia pinnata Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 15 (1768)

= Scrophularia pinnatifida Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 292 (1804)

= Scrophularia pubescens Sweet; Hort. Brit. ed. II. 392 (1830)

= Scrophularia pyramidalis Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 165 (1828)

= Scrophularia ruta-canina Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 345 (1897)

= Scrophularia tarraconensis Sennen; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 70: 65 (1923 publ. 1924)

= Tomiephyllum caninum (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon N. S. 17: 125 (1869)

= Tomiephyllum tenuisectum Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon N. S. 17: 125 (1869)

subspecies :

subsp. bicolor (Sm.) Greuter; Boissiera 13: 109 (1967)

Distribution: Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. many islands); Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Crimea; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Kos, Nisyros, Simi, Karpathos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Syria (W-coastal Syria)

13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY 20 EGY 34 EAI SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia bicolor Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Prodr. Fl. Graec. 1: 437 (1806)

= Scrophularia canina var. bicolor (Sm.) Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 2: 159 (1847)

= Scrophularia canina var. pallida Hausskn.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f. 10: 58 (1897)

= Scrophularia chrysanthemifolia Willd.; Hort. Berol. 1: 59 (1805)

= Scrophularia heldreichii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2,3: 158 (1856)

= Scrophularia pindicola Hausskn.; Mitt. Thür. Bot. Ver. nov. ser. 10: 59 (1897)

= Scrophularia ramosissima d´Urv.; non Loisel.

subspecies :

subsp. hoppii (W.D.J.Koch) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. Fr. 770 (1937)

Name: Hoppes Braunwurz

Distribution: Switzerland (Jura); France; Italy (Appennini, S-Alps); Slovenia; Croatia; USA [I] (New Jersey [I])

11 SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA SLV 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia canina Hoppe ex Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 165 (1828) non L.

= Scrophularia canina subsp. juratensis (Schleich. ex Wydler) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 231 (1894)

= Scrophularia chrysanthemifolia Rchb. ex Nyman; Consp. 534 (1881) non Willd.

= Scrophularia hoppii W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 2: 410 (1826)

= Scrophularia juratensis Schleich. ex Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 164 (1828)

subspecies :

subsp. ramosissima (Loisel.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 231 (1894)

Distribution: Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; ?Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

12 BAL COR FRA SAR 20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia canina subsp. ramosissima (Loisel.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 770 (1937), isonym

= Scrophularia canina var. minoricensis P.Monts.; Acta Geobot. Barcinon. 5: 120 (1970)

= Scrophularia canina var. ramosissima (Loisel.) Bég.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 431 (1902)

= Scrophularia frutescens DC.; Fl. Fr. 3: 729 (1805) non L.

= Scrophularia ramosissima Loisel.; Fl. Gall. 381 (1807)

= Scrophularia ramosissima subsp. minoricensis (P.Monts.) Romo; Fl. Silvestres Baleares: 274 (1994)

subspecies :

subsp. tristis (K.Malý) Nikolic; Fl. SR Srbije 6: 171 (1974)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Albania

13 ALB KOS SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia canina f. tristis Maly

species :

Scrophularia capillaris Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Fl. 4: 397 (1879)

Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia carduchorum R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36: 12 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia catariifolia Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 36 (1853)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia cilicica Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 75 (1952)

= Scrophularia cilicica var. pubescens Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 76 (1952)

= Scrophularia glandulosissima Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 49 (1896)

= Scrophularia nepetifolia Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 407 (1879), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia rimarum Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 202 (1909)

= Scrophularia rimarum f. farinea Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 202 (1909)

= Scrophularia rimarum f. glabrescens Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 202 (1909)

= Scrophularia rimarum f. pubescens Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 203 (1909)

= Scrophularia sintenisii Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 51 (1896) non Bornm.

species :

Scrophularia charadzae Kem.-Nath.; Not. Syst. Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis, Fasc. 18, 51 (1955)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Scrophularia chasmophila W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(63-64): 181-182 (1921)

subspecies :

subsp. chasmophila

Distribution: China (Yunnan, SW-Sichuan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia nana H.L.Li; Lloydia 16(3): 173 (1953) non Stiefelh.

= Scrophularia rockii H.L.Li; Lloydia 16(3): 174 (1953)

subspecies :

subsp. xizangensis D.Y.Hong; Novon 6(4): 374 (1996)

Distribution: Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Scrophularia chlorantha Kotschy & Boiss.; Boiss., Fl. 4: 399 (1879)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 GEO 34 IRN IRQ TUR

species :

Scrophularia chrysantha Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Or. 3: 26, 220 (1847)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

33 ARM GEO 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia calycina Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 390 (1879), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia congesta Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30(I): 348 (1857)

= Scrophularia lunariifolia Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 390 (1879)

= Scrophularia minima Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 303 (1846), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia vernalis M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur. Caucasus 2: 76 (1808) non L. 1753

species :

Scrophularia clematidifolia Eig; Palest. J. Bot. Jerusalem ser. 3: 81, t. 3 (1944)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia cooperi R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 57(3): 424 (2000)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

species :

Scrophularia crassicaulis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 37 (1853)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia crassipedunculata Attar & Joharchi; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 195 (2006)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia crassiuscula Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 263, t. 194 & 231, f. 2 & 237, f. 5 (1981)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia crenophila Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 7: 41 (1846)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

species :

Scrophularia cretacea Fisch.; Hort. Gorenk. ed. II. (1812) 24, nomen, et ex Spreng. Syst. 2: 788

Distribution: SE-European Russia; E-Ukraine

14 RUS UKR

species :

Scrophularia crithmifolia Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Midi Esp. 2: 447 (1841)

Distribution: S-, NE- & E-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia canina subsp. crithmifolia (Boiss.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 14: 96 (1983)

= Scrophularia canina var. catalonica O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 14: 96 (1983)

= Scrophularia canina var. pyrenaica Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 7: 109 (1908)

= Scrophularia crithmifolia subsp. alpina (Boiss.) Malag.; Las Subesp. y Variac. Geogr.: 17 (1973)

= Scrophularia crithmifolia subsp. burundana L.Villar; Doc. Phytosoc. 78: 15 (1974)

= Scrophularia crithmifolia var. major Rouy; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), sér. 3, 3: 239 (1883)

= Scrophularia lucida Cav. ex Willk. & Lange; Prod. Fl. Hisp. 2: 554 (1870) non L.

species :

Scrophularia cryptophila Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 31 (1853)

Distribution: European Turkey; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

13 TUE 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia praeterita Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 83 (1952)

species :

Scrophularia czapandaghi B.Fedtsch.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 437 (1951)

Distribution: Turkmenistan

32 TKM

species :

Scrophularia czernjakowskiana B.Fedtsch.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 436 (1951)

Distribution: Turkmenistan

32 TKM

species :

Scrophularia decomposita Royle ex Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Pakistan (Waziristan, Gilgit, Astor, Baltistan); Nepal; NW-India (Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand)

32 KGZ TZK UZB 40 IND NEP PAK

Remarks: sometimes included in S. lucida

species :

Scrophularia delavayi Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 15-16 (1900)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, N-Yunnan); Myanmar (Chin, Kachin)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia campanulata H.L.Li; Lloydia 16(3): 171 (1953)

= Scrophularia muliensis H.L.Li; Lloydia 16(3): 171-172 (1953)

species :

Scrophularia denaensis Attar; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 139 (2006)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia densifolia Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 23: A. No. 11, 38 (1931)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

species :

Scrophularia dentata Royle ex Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 19 (1835)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Wakhan); Tibet; NE-Pakistan (Gilgit); India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Rupshu, Zanskar)

34 AFG 36 TIB 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia kotschyi Hook.f. & Thomson ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 256 (1884)

species :

Scrophularia depauperata Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 4: 68 (1844)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia variegata subsp. depauperata (Boiss.) Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 136 (1970)

species :

Scrophularia deserti Delile; Fl. Eg. 240, t. 33, f. (1813-1814)

Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Helmand, Kandahar, Nimroz, Parwan); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira); Israel (Rift Valley, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai, C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; Pakistan (Peshawar)

20 EGY 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR SIN SYR 35 BAR KUW QAT SAU 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia deserti var. foliata Eig; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 3: 90 (1944)

= Scrophularia marginata Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 4: 72 (1844)

= Scrophularia moniliformis Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 54 (1943)

= Scrophularia sinaica Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 314 (1846)

species :

Scrophularia desertorum (Munz) R.J.Shaw; Aliso 5: 174 (1962)

Name: Desert figwort

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia californica var. desertorum Munz; Aliso 4: 99 (1958)

species :

Scrophularia dianatnejadii Ranjbar & Rahch.; Novon 27(4): 245 (2019)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia diffusa Sommier & Levier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 4: 205 (1897)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

33 AZE GEO

species :

Scrophularia diplodonta Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 14-15 (1900)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia crenatosepala H.L.Li; Lloydia 16(3): 177 (1953)

= Scrophularia diplodonta var. tsanchanensis Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 15 (1900)

species :

Scrophularia divaricata Ledeb.; Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. 2: 10 (1830)

Distribution: SC-European Russia (near Boguear); Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia

14 RUS UKR 33 ARM GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia georgica Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 305 (1846)

species :

Scrophularia domingensis Urb.; Symb. Antill. 7: 538 (1913)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

species :

Scrophularia dshungarica Golosk. & Tzag.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Kasachst. 2: 32 (1964)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Scrophularia duplicatoserrata Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 20: 4 (1906)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia duplicatoserrata f. nudipes Sugim.; J. Geobot. 24(3): 63 (1977)

species :

Scrophularia edelbergii Rech.f.; K. Danske Vid. Selsk, Biol. Skrift. 10: No. 3 (Symb. Afghan. iv.) 103 (1959)

subspecies :

subsp. edelbergii

Distribution: Afghanistan (Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Kabul, Logar, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Parwan, Samangan)

34 AFG

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia bamianica Gilli; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 63: 323 (1961)

= Scrophularia volkii Rech.f.; Biol. Skr. 10(3): 107 (1959)

subspecies :

subsp. pseudodeserti Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 270 (1981)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan, Kabul, Parwan)

34 AFG

species :

Scrophularia edgeworthii Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 304 (1846)

Distribution: W-Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP

species :

Scrophularia eggersii Urb.; Symb. Antill. 5: 493 (1908)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

species :

Scrophularia elatior Wall. ex Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835)

Distribution: China (Xinjiang, Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)

36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia petitmenginii Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: 521 (1911)

species :

Scrophularia elbursensis Bornm.; Bull. Herb Boiss. ser. 2, 7: 969 (1907)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia elymaitica Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 16(2): 208 (-210, fig. 3) (2010)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia eriocalyx Emb. & Maire; Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc, No. 17, 47 (1927)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia eriocalyx var. defoliata Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 682 (1934)

= Scrophularia eriocalyx var. foliosa Font Quer & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 310 (1931)

species :

Scrophularia erzincanica R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36: 13 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia exilis Popl.; Spisok Rast. Krymsk. 85 (1931)

Distribution: Crimea

14 KRY

Remarks: rediscovered in 2013, not a synonym of S. heterophylla ssp. laciniata

species :

Scrophularia fargesii Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 12 (1900)

Distribution: China (Hubei, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia franchetiana P.C.Tsoong; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3(4): 416-417 (1955)

= Scrophularia wilsonii Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: 528 (1911)

species :

Scrophularia fatmae Kandemir & Ilhan; Bagbahçe Bilim Derg. 1(1): 12 (2014)

Distribution: Turkey (Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia fedtschenkoi Gorschk.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 446 (1951)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Scrophularia flava Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 264, t. 195 & 231, f. 3 (1981)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia floribunda Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3: 158 (1856)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria, Samos, Kalimnos, Kos, Nisyros); Turkey (SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia canina var. floribunda (Boiss. & Balansa); Fl. Orient. 4: 419 (1879)

= Scrophularia canina subsp. floribunda (Boiss. & Balansa) Rech.f.

species :

Scrophularia fontqueri Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 128(2): 191 (1998)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Scrophularia formosana H.L.Li; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 3: 68 (1950)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Scrophularia frigida Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 7: 42 (1846)

subspecies :

subsp. frigida

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, W-Iran)

32 TKM 34 IRN

subspecies :

subsp. haussknechtii Bornm. ex Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 256 (1981)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia frutescens L.; Sp. Pl. 621 (1753)

Distribution: Portugal; S-Spain; Pantelleria; Morocco; Algeria

12 POR SPA 13 PTL 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia canina Bourg. ex Reut.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 11: 46 (1864) non L.

= Scrophularia canina subsp. frutescens (L.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 14: 96 (1983)

= Scrophularia canina var. frutescens (L.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 446 (1841)

= Scrophularia canina var. latifolia (Benth.) Rouy; Naturaliste 4: 148 (1882)

= Scrophularia canina var. pyrenaea O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. 11: 78 (1979)

= Scrophularia frutescens var. latifolia Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 316 (1846)

= Scrophularia gussonei Nyman; Consp. 534 (1881)

= Scrophularia pinnatifida Guss.; Fl. Sic. Syn. 2(1): 129 (1844) non Brot. 1804

species :

Scrophularia galilaea Eig; Palest. J. Bot. Ser. J, 1: 84 (1938), pro syn.

Distribution: Syria (Jbel Druze); Israel (N-Israel)

34 ISR SYR

Synonyms: hidden

= Mosheovia galilaea Eig; Palest. J. Bot. Jerusalem ser. 1: 83 (1938)

species :

Scrophularia gaubae Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44: 267 (1940)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia ghahremanii Attar & Hamzehee; Feddes Repert. 117(7-8): 511 (2006)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia glabella Botsch. & Junussov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 20: 170 (1983)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan

32 TKM TZK

species :

Scrophularia glabrata Aiton; Hort. Kew. ed. I. 2: 341 (1789)

Name: Verkahlte Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera de cumbre (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Palma)

21 CNY

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia berthelotii Bolle; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 11: 202 (1861)

= Scrophularia elongata Webb ex Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 593 (1846)

species :

Scrophularia gontscharovii Gorschk.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 15: 370 (1953)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KGZ TZK UZB

species :

Scrophularia gorganica Rech.f.; Anz. Math.-Nat. Kl. Oesterr. Akad. Wiss. 92: 278 (1955)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia gracilis Blakelock; Kew Bull. 1949: 531 (1950)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)

34 IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia ericiflora Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 87: 92 (1950)

= Scrophularia rimarum var. pubescens Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 203 (1909)

species :

Scrophularia grandiflora DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 143 (1813)

Distribution: WC-Portugal

12 POR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia sambucifolia var. hirsuta Wydler; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 4: 147 (1828)

species :

Scrophularia granitica Klokov & Krasnova; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 81 (80-86; fig. 1, map) (1981)

Distribution: Ukraine

14 UKR

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Scrophularia grayanoides M.Kikuchi; Mem. Nat. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, No. 1, 69 (1968)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia grayana var. grayanoides (Kikuchi) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 57(7): 212 (1982)

species :

Scrophularia griffithii Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 312 (1846)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan (Pamir-Alai); Tajikistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia capusii Tzag.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Kasachst. 2: 35 (1964), cum descr. emend.

= Scrophularia griffithii Franck; Pl. Turkest., Miss. Copus (Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 6, 18: 224 (1884) non Benth.

= Scrophularia zaravschanica Gorschk. & Zakirov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S. S. S. R. 14: 448 (1951)

species :

Scrophularia gypsicola Hub.-Mor. & Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 133, f. 3c (1970)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia haematantha Boiss. & Heldr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 415 (1879)

Distribution: Iran (Kermanshah)

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia henryi Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(174): 178 (1890)

Distribution: China (W-Hubei)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia henryi var. glabrescens Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(174): 178 (1890)

species :

Scrophularia herminii Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Port. 1: 266 (1813 publ. 1820)

Distribution: NW-Spain; N- & C-Portugal

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia herminii var. gallaecica Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 12: 42 (1914)

species :

Scrophularia heterophylla Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 274 (1800)

Name: Verschiedenblättrige Braunwurz (DE), Variable-leaved Figwort (EN)

Distribution: Greece (widespread C- & S-Greece, incl. most islands, also Chalkidiki, Thracia, Limnos); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Fourni, Dodecanese, Kos, Nisyros, Karpathos); ?Turkey (?W-Anatolia)

13 GRC KRI 34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia caesia Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 438 (1809)

= Scrophularia chrysanthemifolia Bory & Chaub.; Nouv. Fl. Pelop. 40 (1838), non Willd.

= Scrophularia heterophylla var. taygetea (Boiss.) Raus; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 2: 196 (1991)

= Scrophularia lepetymnica Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 151 (1897)

= Scrophularia micrantha d´Urv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. 1: 331 (1822)

= Scrophularia olivieriana Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 159 (1828)

= Scrophularia olympica var. bordzilowskii Shelud.; Turczaninowia 18(3): 72 (2015), nom. nov. for S. olympica var. integrifolia Bordz.

= Scrophularia olympica var. integrifolia Bordz.; Sborn. Pam. Fomina 62 (1938) non Freyn & Sint.

= Scrophularia sibthorpiana Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 786 (1825)

= Scrophularia taygetea Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. 1(4): 68 (1844)

= Scrophularia tenuis Hausskn.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f. 10: 60 (1896)

= Scrophularia urvilleana Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 160 (1828)

= Scrophularia verbenifolia Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2: 77 (1815)

species :

Scrophularia heucheriiflora Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 25 (1841)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia hierochuntina Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 35 (1853)

Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert)

34 ISR LEB SYR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia telavivensis Eig; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 3: 85 (1944)

= Scrophularia michoniana var. tenuisecta Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 402 (1879)

species :

Scrophularia hilbigii Jäger; Feddes Repert. 96(3): 188 (1985)

Distribution: Mongolia

37 MON

species :

Scrophularia himalensis Royle ex Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835)

Distribution: Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

40 BHU IND

species :

Scrophularia hirta Lowe; Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. 4: 21 (1831)

Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)

21 MDR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia confusa Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 125 (1914)

= Scrophularia confusa subsp. vestita Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 126 (1914)

= Scrophularia confusa var. latifolia Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 126 (1914)

= Scrophularia hirta subsp. ambigua Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 127 (1914)

= Scrophularia longifolia Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 309 (1846)

= Scrophularia longifolia var. insolita Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 128 (1914)

= Scrophularia longifolia var. intermedia Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 128 (1914)

= Scrophularia longifolia var. intricata Menezes; Fl. Arch. Madeira: 129 (1914)

species :

Scrophularia horizontalis Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Nat., 105: 181 (1969)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Orozgan / Daykundi)

34 AFG

species :

Scrophularia hypericifolia Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 166. t. 5 (1828)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt); Armenia; Iraq (S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Midyan, Asir, Dahana)

20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 33 ARM 34 IRQ ISR LEB SIN SYR 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia benthamiana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 39 (1853)

= Scrophularia saharae Batt. & Trab.; Fl. de l´Alger. Dicot. (1889) 634, et in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 38: 296 (1891)

= Scrophularia syriaca Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 316 (1846)

species :

Scrophularia hypsophila Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 62: 238 (1925)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia hyssopifolia Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. 4: 418 (1879)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia ilwensis K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 284 (1843)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 GEO 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia calvertii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 152 (1856)

species :

Scrophularia imerethica Kem.-Nath.; Not. Syst. Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis, Fasc. 18, 50 (1955)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

species :

Scrophularia incisa Weinm.; Bot. Gart. Dorpat., Suppl. 2, 136 (1810)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai); Mongolia

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia adscendens Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 644 (1809)

= Scrophularia canescens var. glabrata Franch.; Pl. David. 1: 221 (1884)

= Scrophularia cretacea var. glabrata (Franch.) Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 477 (1910)

= Scrophularia gmelinii Turcz. ex Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 311 (1846)

= Scrophularia patriniana Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 159 (1828)

species :

Scrophularia integrifolia Pavlov; Vestn. Akad. Nauk Kaz. SSR, 3(60): 32 (1950)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan

32 KAZ KGZ UZB

species :

Scrophularia iranica Attar; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 137 (2006)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia ispahanica Attar & Nowroozi; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 195 (2006)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia jafrii Khatoon & Qaiser; Willdenowia, 17(1-2): 136 (1988)

Distribution: Pakistan

40 PAK

species :

Scrophularia jinii P.Li; Phytotaxa 350(1): 4 (2018)

Distribution: China (Hubei)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia kabadianensis B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkest. 5: 86 (1913)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TZK UZB

species :

Scrophularia kakudensis Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 26: 87 (1879)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan [I]

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO tai

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia cephalantha Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 634 (1938)

= Scrophularia erecta Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 458 (1910)

= Scrophularia kakudensis var. latisepala (Kitag.) Kitag.; J. Jap. Bot. 25: 44 (1950)

= Scrophularia kakudensis var. microphylla Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 637 (1938)

= Scrophularia kakudensis var. toyamae (Hatus. ex T.Yamaz.) T.Yamaz.; Fl. Japan 3a: 330 (1993)

= Scrophularia kakudensis var. velutina Sakata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 16 (1938)

= Scrophularia koraiensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 189 (1909) et J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 31: 118 (1911)

= Scrophularia koraiensis var. velutina Sakata ex Uyeki & Sakata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 16 (1938)

= Scrophularia latisepala Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) (1935)

= Scrophularia maximowiczii Gorschk.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 441 (1951)

= Scrophularia paekamicola Sakata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 16 (1938)

= Scrophularia pilosa Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 633 (1938)

= Scrophularia shikokiana Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 176 (1941)

= Scrophularia toyamae Hatus. ex T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 25: 215 (1950)

species :

Scrophularia kamelinii Botsch. & Kurbanov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 29: 120 (1993)

Distribution: Turkmenistan

32 TKM

species :

Scrophularia kansuensis Batalin; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13(2): 381-382 (1894)

Distribution: China (SE-Gansu, Qinghai, N-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia kermanica Ghahr. & Mirtadz.; Iran. J. Bot. 8(2): 246 (2000)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia khorassanica Attar & Joharchi; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 195 (2006)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia kiriloviana Schischk.; Fl. URSS 22: 306-307 (1955)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia incisa var. alpina Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 414 (1842)

= Scrophularia incisa var. major Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 220 (1847)

= Scrophularia incisa var. pinnata Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(I): 435 (1866)

= Scrophularia pinnata Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 719 (1842), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia pinnata var. subpinnata Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 10: 58 (1845)

species :

Scrophularia kjurendaghi Botsch. & Kurbanov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 68(2): 237 (1983)

Distribution: Turkmenistan

32 TKM

species :

Scrophularia koelzii Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 52 (1943)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Ghazni, Parwan); Pakistan; Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

34 AFG 40 IND NEP PAK

species :

Scrophularia kollakii S.A.Ahmad; Harvard Pap. Bot. 21(1): 93 (2016)

Distribution: Iraq; Iran (Iranian Azerbaijan, Kermanshah, Kordestan)

34 IRN IRQ

species :

Scrophularia kotschyana Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 303 (1846)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)

33 GEO 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia ballsii Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 73 (1952)

= Scrophularia bornmuelleri Freyn & Sint.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 348 (1892)

= Scrophularia byzantina Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 303 (1846)

= Scrophularia viscosa Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 391 (1879)

species :

Scrophularia kurbanovii Botsch.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69(3): 409 (1984)

Distribution: Turkmenistan

32 TKM

species :

Scrophularia kurdica Eig; Palest. J. Bot. I. Ser. 3: 81 (1944)

subspecies :

subsp. kurdica

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN IRQ TUR

subspecies :

subsp. glabra Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 223 (1981)

Distribution: Iraq; Iran

34 IRN IRQ

species :

Scrophularia laciniata Waldst. & Kit.; Pl. Rar. Hung. 2: 185. t. 170 (1803 publ. 1804)

Distribution: Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of mainland, Kerkyra, Thasos, Mt. Athos); Crimea; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos)

13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 KRY 34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia frutescens Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prod. 1: 437 (1809) non L.

= Scrophularia heterophylla Sm.; Fl. Graec. 7: 2. t. 603 (1831) non Willd.

= Scrophularia heterophylla subsp. laciniata (Waldst. & Kit.) Maire & Petitm.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy ser. 3, 8: 178 (1907)

= Scrophularia jankae Borbás ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2: 231 (1890)

= Scrophularia laciniata var. olympica Stoj. & Jordanov; God. Sofiisk. Univ. Fiz.-Mat. Fak. 34: 208 (1937-1938 publ. 1938)

= Scrophularia multifida Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 646 (1809)

= Scrophularia pulverulenta Janka; Természetrajzi Füz. 4: 309 (1880), nom. illeg., non Boiss. & Noe

= Scrophularia silaifolia E.D.Clarke; Travels Eur. Asia & Africa 2: 261 (1812)

= Scrophularia variegata Rchb. ex Nyman; Consp. 534 (1881) non M. Bieb.

species :

Scrophularia laevigata Vahl; Symb. Bot. 2: 67 (1791)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia foliosa Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 101 (1874)

= Scrophularia hispida Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 55 (1798)

= Scrophularia hispida var. subcrispa (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algerie [Battandier & Trab.]: 632 (1890)

= Scrophularia laevigata subsp. hispida (Desf.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N.31: 110 (1940)

= Scrophularia laevigata subsp. pellucida (Pomel) Murb.; Contr. Fl. Tunisie [Murb.] 2, Acta Univ. Lund 34: 19 (1898)

= Scrophularia laevigata subsp. simplicifolia (Batt.) Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 1127 (1941)

= Scrophularia laevigata var. decomposita Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 219 (1935)

= Scrophularia laevigata var. dissecta Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 110 (1940)

= Scrophularia laevigata var. laciniata Batt.; Fl. Algerie-Tunisie [Batt. & Trab.]: 245 "1902" (1905)

= Scrophularia laevigata var. pubescens Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22(fasc. 15): 12 (1930)

= Scrophularia laevigata var. simplicifolia Batt.; Fl. Algerie-Tunisie [Batt. & Trab.]: 245 "1902" (1905)

= Scrophularia laevigata var. wallii Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 219 (1935)

= Scrophularia pellucida Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 101 (1874)

= Scrophularia subcrispa Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 102 (1874)

= Scrophularia trifoliata Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 54 (1798)

species :

Scrophularia laevis Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 16: 173 (1913)

Name: Organ Mountain figwort

Distribution: USA (New Mexico)

77 USA

species :

Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh; Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 419 (1813)

Name: Lanceleaf figwort

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)

71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia dakotana Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 240 (1918)

= Scrophularia dimidiata Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 161 (1840)

= Scrophularia lanceolata f. velutina Pennell; Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1: 256 (1935)

= Scrophularia lanceolata var. occidentalis Pennell; Torreya 22: 82 (1922)

= Scrophularia leporella E.P.Bicknell; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 23: 317 (1896)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. lanceolata (Pursh) M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 12: 67 (1908)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. occidentalis Rydb.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 517 (1896)

= Scrophularia occidentalis (Rydb.) E.P.Bicknell; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 23: 315 (1896)

= Scrophularia pectinata Raf.; Autik. Bot. 160 (1840)

= Scrophularia serrata Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 688 (1909)

= Scrophularia utahensis Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 219 (1919)

species :

Scrophularia landroveri Wendelbo; Bot. Not. 117: 368 (1964)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Parwan)

34 AFG

species :

Scrophularia laportiifolia T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 46(8): 248 (1971), as ´laportaefolia´

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Scrophularia lateriflora Trautv.; Bull. Acad. Petersb. 10: 396 (1866)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

33 AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia clandestina Rupr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 392 (1879)

species :

Scrophularia laxiflora Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1877 231 (1878)

Distribution: S-Spain (Cadiz); NW-Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

species :

Scrophularia lepidota Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 4: 71 (1844)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia leucoclada Bunge; Rel. Lehmann. 7: 424 (1851), et Beitr. Fl. Russl.: 248 (1852)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Herat)

32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia fruticosa Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 203 (1909) non DC.

species :

Scrophularia lhasaensis D.Y.Hong; Novon 6(4): 372 (1996)

Distribution: C-Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Scrophularia libanotica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 36 (1853)

subspecies :

subsp. libanotica

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai)

34 IRN IRQ LEB SIN SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia rupestris var. libanotica (Boiss.) Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 136 (1970)

= Scrophularia variegata var. libanotica (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 418 (1879)

= Scrophularia tagetifolia subsp. diversifolia Eig; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 3: 83 (1941)

variant :

var. antalyensis Ayasligil & R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42(1): 71 (1984)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

variant :

var. australis R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 16 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

variant :

var. cappadocica R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 17 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

variant :

var. mesogitana (Boiss.) R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 18 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia mesogitana Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 407 (1879)

variant :

var. nevshehirensis R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 16 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

variant :

var. oligantha Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 80 (1952)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

variant :

var. pontica R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 19 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

variant :

var. sivasica R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 18 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

variant :

var. urartuensis R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 18 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. armena R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 19 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia armena K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 711 (1849)

species :

Scrophularia lijiangensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 65(11): 342 (1990)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia litvinovii B.Fedtsch.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 439 (1951)

Distribution: Turkmenistan

32 TKM

species :

Scrophularia longiflora Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 313 (1846)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia farinosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 40 (1846)

species :

Scrophularia lowei Dalgaard; Op. Bot. 51: 37 (1979)

Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.)

21 MDR

species :

Scrophularia lucida L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1114 (1759)

Name: Helle Braunwurz (DE); Pale Figwort, Shining Figwort (EN)

Distribution: SE-France; Italy; Greece (scattered C- & S-Greece, Kiklades, Sporades, Chalkidiki); Crete (widespread); Northern Caucasus; East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria, Fourni, Kalimnos, Kos, Simi, Kasos, Karpathos, Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (NE-Cyprus); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Saudi Arabia (Nejd Desert)

12 FRA 13 GRC ITA KRI 33 NCS 34 CYP EAI SYR TUR 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia canina subsp. lucida (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 231 (1894)

= Scrophularia filicifolia Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 10 (1768)

= Scrophularia filicifolia Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. 6: 78 (1827), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia filicifolia var. minor Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 70 (1844)

= Scrophularia glauca Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. 6: 78 (1827)

= Scrophularia livida Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 437 (1809)

= Scrophularia lucida subsp. boissieri Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 312 (1846), nom. superfl.

= Scrophularia lucida subsp. filicifolia (Mill.) Rech.f.

= Scrophularia lucida subsp. glauca (Sm.) Rech.f.

= Scrophularia lucida subsp. provincialis (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 770 (1937)

= Scrophularia lucida var. filicifolia (Mill.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 403 (1879)

= Scrophularia methanaea Hausskn.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f. 10: 57 (1896)

= Scrophularia olympica var. rutifolia (Boiss.) Kusn.; Uchen. Zap. Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6(1): 26 (1898)

= Scrophularia provincialis Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 38: 264 (1891)

= Scrophularia rutiifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 404 (1879)

= Scrophularia sphaerocarpa Boiss. & Reut.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3: 158 (1856)

species :

Scrophularia lucidaifolia Uzunh. & E.Dogan; Phytotaxa 204(1): 95 (2015)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia luridiflora Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ind. Sem. Hort Petrop. 5: 40 (1839)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia lyrata Willd.; Hort. Berol. t. 55 (1805)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; W-Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

12 POR SPA 13 KRI 20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia aquatica subsp. jallui Gattef. & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28: 545 (1938)

= Scrophularia auriculata subsp. lyrata (Willd.) Gamisans; Compl. Prod. F. Corse 123 (1992)

= Scrophularia cretica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 400 (1879)

= Scrophularia jallui (Gattef. & Weiller) Ibn Tattou; Bocconea 8: 173 (1998)

= Scrophularia salicifolia Sieber

species :

Scrophularia macrantha Greene ex Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. 44(4): 461, 483 (1910)

Name: New Mexico figwort

Distribution: USA (New Mexico: A. L. Grant Co., Luna Co.)

77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia coccinea A.Gray; Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 111 (1859), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia neomexicana R.J.Shaw; Aliso 5: 170 (1962)

species :

Scrophularia macrobotrys Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 217 (1847)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS

species :

Scrophularia macrocarpa P.C.Tsoong; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 395, t. 25 (1979), et Nordic J. Bot. 27(5): 379 (2009)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia macrophylla Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 32 (1853)

Distribution: Iraq; Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel)

34 IRQ ISR SYR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia balbisii var. macrophylla (Boiss.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 154 (1859)

species :

Scrophularia macrorrhyncha (Humbert, Litard. & Maire) Ibn Tattou; Bocconea 8: 173 (1998)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia ramosissima subsp. macrorrhyncha Humbert, Litard. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 18: 155 (1927)

species :

Scrophularia maharluica Ranjbar & Rahch.; Nordic J. Bot. 35(2): 152 (2016)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia mandarinorum Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 13 (1900)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); S- & SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia duclouxii Stiefelh. & Bonati ex Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: 521 (1911)

= Scrophularia stiefelhagenii Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: 522 (1911)

species :

Scrophularia mandshurica Maxim.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 54: I. 35 (1879)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye)

31 RFE

species :

Scrophularia mapienensis P.C.Tsoong; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 395, t. 6, f. 1-4 (1979)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia marilandica L.; Sp. Pl. 619 (1753)

Name: Carpenter´s square

Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia adenopa Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 161 (1840)

= Scrophularia diversifolia Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 161 (1840)

= Scrophularia marilandica var. viridis Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 22: 184 (1921)

= Scrophularia neglecta Rydb.; Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 1058 (1903)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. americana Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 21 (1803)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. marilandica (L.) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 258 (1878)

= Scrophularia serrulata Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 161 (1840)

species :

Scrophularia megalantha Rech.f.; Anz. Math.-Nat. Kl. Oesterr. Akad. Wiss. 92: 278 (1953)

Distribution: Iran (N-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia nahavendii Mobayen; Acta Ecol. Iran. 1: 49 (1976)

species :

Scrophularia mersinensis Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 133 (1970)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia mesopotamica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 34 (1853)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Azerbaijan, Kordestan)

34 IRN TUR

species :

Scrophularia mexicana Mayfield & G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2012-25: 1 (2012)

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)

79 MEX

species :

Scrophularia minima M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur. Caucasus 2: 79 (1808)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

33 AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophucephalus minimus (M.Bieb.) A.P.Khokhr.; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 97(6): 97 (1992 publ. 1993)

= Scrophularia olympica var. minima (M.Bieb.) Kusn.; Uchen. Zap. Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6(1): 26 (1898)

= Scrophularia pumila Adams ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 215 (1847), nom. inval.

species :

Scrophularia minutiflora Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 75: 18 (1923)

Name: Perejil cimarrón

Distribution: Cuba; Jamaica; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Puerto Rico

81 CUB HIS JAM PUE

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia micrantha Desv. ex Ham.; Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. [Ham.] 47 (1825) (non Urv.)

species :

Scrophularia modesta Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 2: 28, t. 8 (1935)

Distribution: China (Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia moellendorffii Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 26(3): 500-501 (1880)

Distribution: China (Shanxi)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia mollis Sommier & Levier; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. Ser. II. 4: 208 (1897)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Scrophularia montana Wooton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 308 (1898)

Name: Mountain figwort

Distribution: USA (New Mexico)

77 USA

species :

Scrophularia morisii Vals.; Webbia 34(1): 268 (1979)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

species :

Scrophularia multicaulis Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 76 (1840)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk)

30 SIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia stelleri Ledeb.; Denkschr. Bot. Ges. Regensb. 3: 98 (1841)

= Scrophularia stelleriana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 548 (1840)

species :

Scrophularia musashiensis Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 1911. 58: 520

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia musashiensis var. ina-vallicola Hid.Takah.; Bull. Kanagawa Prefect. Mus., Nat. Sci. 22: 51 (1993)

species :

Scrophularia myriophylla Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. 2(12): 39 (1853)

Distribution: S-Greece (mountains of Peloponnisos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia)

13 GRC 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia laxa Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3: 154 (1856)

= Scrophularia lucida subsp. laxa (Boiss. & Heldr.) Maire & Petitm.

species :

Scrophularia nabataeorum Eig; Palest. J. Bot. Jerusalem ser. 3: 82, t. 3, f. 4 (1944)

Distribution: Jordania (S-Jordania)

34 JOR

species :

Scrophularia nana Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 479 (1910)

Distribution: SW-Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia nankinensis P.C.Tsoong; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 394 (1979)

Distribution: China (Jiangsu)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia neesii Wirtg.; Verh. Nat. Ver. Rheinl. 1: 29 (1844)

Name: Nees-Braunwurz, Nees-Flügel-Braunwurz (DE)

Distribution: Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (+Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Hungary; France; etc.

11 AUT BGM GER HUN LUX SWI 12 FRA

Remarks: cytologically distinct from S. umbrosa. Distribution imperfectly known.

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia alata subsp. neesii (Wirtg.) Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2: 319 (1871)

= Scrophularia alata var. crenata (Neilr.) Hayek; Fl. Steiermark 2: 134 (1911)

= Scrophularia alata var. neesii (Wirtg.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg: 468 (1866)

= Scrophularia aquatica var. crenata (O.C.Schramm) Jess.; 105 (1879)

= Scrophularia ehrhartii var. crenata O.C.Schramm; Flora 41: 716 (1858)

= Scrophularia ehrhartii var. neesii Döll; 752 (1858)

= Scrophularia oblongifolia subsp. neesii (Wirtg.) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 42: 274 (2011 publ. 2012)

= Scrophularia umbrosa subsp. neesii (Wirtg.) E.Mayer; Sezn. Prapr. Cvet. Slov.: 202 (1952)

= Scrophularia umbrosa var. neesii (Wirtg.) Börner; 582 (1912)

species :

Scrophularia nervosa Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 303 (1846)

subspecies :

subsp. nervosa

Distribution: Armenia; Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM 34 IRN IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia digitalifolia Richt. ex Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wien 1: 23 (1885)

= Scrophularia nervosa var. glabriuscula Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22: 107 (1907)

= Scrophularia nervosa var. glandulosa Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22: 107 (1907)

= Scrophularia nervosa var. pruinosopuberula Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22: 107 (1907)

= Scrophularia olivieri Jaub. & Spach; Illustr. 3: 29. t. 222 (1850)

= Scrophularia polybotrys Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 32 (1853)

subspecies :

subsp. boissierana (Jaub. & Spach) Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 228 (1981)

Distribution: Iraq; Iran

34 IRN IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia boissieriana Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Or. 3: t. 223 (1850)

= Scrophularia orientalis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 393 (1879)

species :

Scrophularia nikitinii Gorschk.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 16: 333 (1954)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Afghanistan (Badghys, Balkh, Faryab, Herat, Takhar)

32 TKM 34 AFG

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia koeiei Rech.f.; K. Danske Vid. Selsk., Biol. Skrift. 10: No. 3 (Symb. Afghan. IV.) 101(1959)

species :

Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(174): 178-179 (1890)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, N-Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia microdonta Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 11-12 (1900)

= Scrophularia silvestrii Bonati & Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 18(1): 179-180 (1911)

species :

Scrophularia nodosa L.; Sp. Pl. 619 (1753)

Name: Knotige Braunwurz (DE), Woodland figwort (EN)

Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of N-Greece, south to Mt. Agrafa); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Connecticut, Georgia, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Washington State)

10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 TUR 50 aus 51 nzl 72 CDN 73 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia capitata Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 162 (1840)

= Scrophularia cechica Opiz; Seznam, 90 (1852)

= Scrophularia foetida Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd.: t. 533 (1767), opus utique rej.

= Scrophularia foetida Wydler; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 154 (1828)

= Scrophularia halleri Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 219 (1847), nom. inval.

= Scrophularia hemschinica K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 708 (1849)

= Scrophularia italica Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 6 (1768)

= Scrophularia major Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 341 (1897)

= Scrophularia nodosa f. pallescens (Döll) E.Baumann; 424 (1911)

= Scrophularia nodosa subsp. chamaeneriifolia Schustler; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 456 (1921)

= Scrophularia nodosa subsp. foliosa Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1927: no. 6145 (1928)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. bobartii Pryor; 239 (1877)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. montana Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 462 (1910)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. nitida Regel; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1868: 85 (1869)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. pallescens Döll; 751 (1858)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. purpurascens Salter ex J.J.Blandy; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 2: 367 (1862)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. serrulata Regel; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1868: 85 (1869)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. stiriaca (Rech. & L.Rech.) C.W.Christ.; Flora von Kiel [J. A. Christiansen et al.] 201 (1922)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. viridiflora Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 2(1): 225 (1829)

= Scrophularia nodosa variegata G.Cooper ex J.Dix; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 654 (1861)

= Scrophularia sckellii Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 783 (1825)

= Scrophularia serrulata Small; Fl. S.E. U.S.: 1058 (1903), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia stiriaca Rech. & L.Rech.; 161 (1906)

= Scrophularia ternata Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 53 (1853)

= Scrophularia wirtgenii W.D.J.Koch ex Opiz; Seznam: 90 (1852)

species :

Scrophularia nudata Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 49 (1943)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Nangarhar); NE-Pakistan (Astor, Gilgit, Baltistan); NW-India (Ladakh)

34 AFG 40 IND PAK

species :

Scrophularia nuraniae Tzag.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Kasachst. 2: 30 (1964)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Scrophularia oblongifolia Loisel.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 418 (1827)

Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia

12 COR SAR

Remarks: often combined with S. umbrosa and/or S. neesii in which case the name S. oblongifolia would have priority over S. umbrosa.

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia aquatica subsp. oblongifolia (Loisel.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 768 (1937)

species :

Scrophularia obtusa Edgew. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 254 (1884)

Distribution: India (Uttarakhand)

40 IND

species :

Scrophularia olgae Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza 3: 375 (1932), rossice, Grossh. in Trud. Azerb. Otdyel. Zakavk. Fil. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Sect. Bot. 1: 55 (1933), latine

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia armeniaca Bordz.; Sympos. Mem. Fomin (Acad. Sci. Ukraine) 63 (1938)

species :

Scrophularia olympica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. 1(4): 69 (1844)

Distribution: Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

14 KRY 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia lazica Boiss. & Balansa ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 409 (1879)

= Scrophularia oliveriana K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 709 (1849)

= Scrophularia olympica var. integrifolia Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 51 (1896)

= Scrophularia olympica var. lazica (Boiss. & Balansa) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 409 (1879)

= Scrophularia olympica var. macrophylla Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 51 (1896)

= Scrophularia pyrrolopha Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 409 (1879)

= Scrophularia pyrrolopha var. pinnatifida Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 572 (1873), species name not validly publ.

species :

Scrophularia omeri Khatoon & Qaiser; Willdenowia, 17(1-2): 131 (1988)

Distribution: Pakistan

40 PAK

species :

Scrophularia orientalis L.; Sp. Pl. 620 (1753)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM GEO 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia ebulifolia M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur. Caucasus 2: 77 (1808)

species :

Scrophularia oxyrhyncha Coincy; J. Bot. (Morot) 12(1): 4 (1898)

Distribution: C-Spain (Sa. Morena, Montes de Toledo)

12 SPA

species :

Scrophularia oxysepala Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 398 (1879)

Distribution: Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia pallescens Lowe ex Menezes; Ann. Sci. Nat. Porto 8: 96 (1901)

Distribution: Madeira

21 MDR

species :

Scrophularia pamirica (O.Fedtsch.) Ivanina; Rast. Tsentral. Azii 5: 124 (1970)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia incisa Weinm. var. pamirica O.Fedtsch.

species :

Scrophularia pamiroalaica Gorschk.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 15: 369 (1953)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KGZ TZK UZB

species :

Scrophularia paphlagonica R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36: 12 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia papyracea Attar; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 141 (2006)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia parviflora Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 16: 173 (1913)

Name: Pineland figwort

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico)

76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia davidsonii Pennell; Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 43: 8 (1940), nom. nov. for S. glabrata Davidson

= Scrophularia glabrata Davidson; Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 26 (1902)

species :

Scrophularia pauciflora Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 17 (1835)

Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, West Bengal, Chumbi)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia sikkimensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 37: 263 (1962)

species :

Scrophularia pegaea Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 27: 403, t. 18 (1913)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq)

34 IRQ TUR

species :

Scrophularia peregrina L.; Sp. Pl. 621 (1753)

Name: Nesselblättrige Braunwurz (DE); Nettle-leaved Figwort (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; +Monaco; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (widespread C- & S-Greece, Chalkidiki, incl. many islands); Crete; European Russia; Tunisia; Libya; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria); USA [I] (California [I])

11 ger 12 BAL COR FRA GIB MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL PTL SIC SRB 14 RUS 20 LBY TUN 33 GEO 34 CYP EAI LEB SYR TUR 76 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia geminiflora Lam.; Fl. Franç. 2: 336 (1779)

= Scrophularia lesbiaca Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 152 (1897)

= Scrophularia meridionalis C.Presl; Fl. Sicul.: xxxv (1826), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia minor Savi; Fl. Pis. 2: 81 (1798)

= Scrophularia paniculata Seenus; Beschr. Reise Istr. Dalmat.: 67 (1805)

= Scrophularia peregrina f. macrophylla Marcet; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Secc. Biol. 49: 224 (1951)

= Scrophularia sexangularis Moench; Methodus 445 (1794)

species :

Scrophularia petraea Aitch. & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 180 (1882)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Paktia / Khost); Pakistan (Kurram)

34 AFG 40 PAK

species :

Scrophularia peyronii Post; Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 28 (1893)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert)

34 CYP ISR LEB SYR TUR

species :

Scrophularia pinardii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 4: 70 (1844)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Israel (N-Israel)

34 EAI ISR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia lyrata Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 81 (1952), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia rupestris var. pinnatisecta Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 84 (1952)

= Scrophularia variegata subsp. pinardii (Boiss.) Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 136 (1970)

species :

Scrophularia pluriflora Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 23: A. No. 11, 37 (1931)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

species :

Scrophularia polyantha Royle ex Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835)

Distribution: Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Murree); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Poonch)

40 IND PAK

species :

Scrophularia potaninii Ivanina; Rast. Tsentral. Azii 5: 124 (1970)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Scrophularia prasiifolia Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. 4: 416 (1879)

Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, SW-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia glauca Decne. ex Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 310 (1846), non Sm. 1827

species :

Scrophularia pruinosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 38 (1853)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Turkey (SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-, C-, W-, NW-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

32 TKM 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia davisii Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 132 (1970)

= Scrophularia pruinosa subsp. iraqensis Eig; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 3: 90 (1944)

species :

Scrophularia przewalskii Batalin; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13(2): 382-383 (1894)

Distribution: China (Qinghai); ?N-India (?Sikkim)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia puberula Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 418 (1879)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia nachitschevanica Grossh.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 20 (1950)

species :

Scrophularia pulverulenta Boiss. & de Noé; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3: 155 (1856)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia pumilio Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 134, t. 2b (1970)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia pyrenaica Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 306 (1846)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Pyrenees); SW-France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia vernalis Lapeyr.; Hist. Abr. Pl. Pyr. 356 (1813) non M. Bieb. 1808

species :

Scrophularia racemosa Lowe; Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. 4: 20 (1831)

Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)

21 MDR

species :

Scrophularia rechingeri Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 266, t. 198 & 232, f. 2 (1981)

Distribution: Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia regelii Ivanina; Rast. Tsentral. Azii 5: 125 (1970)

Distribution: China (Xinjiang)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia reuteri Daveau; Bolet. Soc. Brot. 10: 169 (1892)

Distribution: WC-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia grandiflora subsp. reuteri (Daveau) I.Richardson; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 266 (1972)

species :

Scrophularia robusta Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 46 (1943)

Distribution: Iran; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Faryab, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Wardak, Parwan); Pakistan (Chitral, Dir, Swat, Drosh, etc.)

34 AFG IRN 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia umbrosa subsp. robusta (Pennell) Qaiser & Khatoon; Willdenowia, 17(1-2): 137 (1988)

species :

Scrophularia rodinii Hamidullah; Pakistan J. Bot. 19(1): 107 (1987)

Distribution: Pakistan

40 PAK

species :

Scrophularia rostrata Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Moscou 12: 163 (1860)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus; Iran (N-Iran)

33 NCS 34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia rosulata Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 475 (1910)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Iran (Khorasan); Afghanistan (Herat)

32 TKM TZK 34 AFG IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia dissecta Gorschk.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 445 (1951)

species :

Scrophularia rubricaulis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 34 (1853)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (W-Jordania)

34 ISR JOR LEB SYR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia michoniana Coss. & Kralik; Cat. Pl. Syr. Palest. 13 (1854)

species :

Scrophularia rudolfii F.O.Khass., Serekeeva & Kadyrov; Uzbeksk. Biol. Zhurn. 2010(2): 76 (2010)

Distribution: Uzbekistan

32 UZB

species :

Scrophularia rupestris M.Bieb. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 3: 274 (1800)

Distribution: SE-European Russia; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

14 KRY RUS 33 ARM NCS 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia donetzica Kotov; J. Bot. Acad. Sci. Ukraine 1: No. 2, 298 (1940)

= Scrophularia goldeana Juz.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 14: 32 (1951)

= Scrophularia lasiocaulis Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 486 (1866)

= Scrophularia nitida Richt. ex Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 24 (1885)

= Scrophularia orientalis Hablitz; Descr. Phys. Taur.: 164 (1788), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia sareptana Kleop. ex Ivanina; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 253 (1972)

= Scrophularia saxatilis Boeber ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 221 (1847), nom. inval.

= Scrophularia variegata subsp. rupestris (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 250 (1981)

= Scrophularia variegata var. rupestris (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 417 (1875)

species :

Scrophularia ruprechtii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 410 (1879)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

33 AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia olympica var. ruprechtii (Boiss.) Kusn.; Uchen. Zap. Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6(1): 26 (1898)

species :

Scrophularia sambucifolia L.; Sp. Pl. 620 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. sambucifolia

Distribution: C- & S-Portugal; SW- & S-Spain; Gibraltar; Morocco

12 GIB POR SPA 20 MOR

Remarks: sambucifolia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia decora Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.; Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 8: 70 (1841)

= Scrophularia mellifera var. vidalii Pau; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 25: 342 (1925)

= Scrophularia nectarifera Desf.; Méd. Eclairée Sci. Phys. 3(6): 162 (1792)

= Scrophularia sambucifolia subvar. rubriflora Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 310 (1931)

= Scrophularia sambucifolia var. glabra Rouy; Naturaliste 4: 147 (1882)

= Scrophularia sambucifolia var. vidalii Pau; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 25: 340 (1925)

= Scrophularia trisecta Pau; Mem. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 369 (1924)

subspecies :

subsp. mellifera (Aiton) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 310 (1931)

Distribution: SW-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

12 SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia mellifera L´Hér. ex Aiton; Hort. Kew. 2: 343 (1789)

= Scrophularia sambucifolia subvar. viridiflora (Poir.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 310 (1931)

= Scrophularia sambucifolia var. mellifera (L´Hér. ex Sol.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 8: 71 (1842)

= Scrophularia viridiflora Poir.; Voy. Barb. 2: 194 (1789)

species :

Scrophularia sangtodensis B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkest. 5: 86 (1913)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TKM TZK UZB

species :

Scrophularia sanguinea Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 275, t. 210 & 235, f. 1 (1981)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Esfahan, Kermanshah, Markazi)

34 IRN IRQ

species :

Scrophularia sardashtensis Ranjbar & Rahch.; Candollea 77(1): 66 (2022)

Distribution: NW-Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, Hamedan, Kordestan)

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia scabiosifolia Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 311 (1846)

Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Samangan); Pakistan (Chitral, Baluchistan, Peshawar, Dir, Swat, Hazara, Pakistani Punjab, Astor, Baltistan); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab)

32 TZK 34 AFG 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia exserta Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 45 (1943)

species :

Scrophularia scariosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1. 4: 67 (1844)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Syria (NW-Syria)

34 SYR TUR

species :

Scrophularia schiraziana Attar & Hatami; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 199 (2006)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia scoparia Pennell; Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. Monogr. 5: 48 (1943)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts.); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Ghazni, Ghorat, Herat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Wardak, Nangarhar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Samangan, Takhar); Pakistan (Chitral)

32 KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia turcomanica Bornm. & Sint. ex Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Nat. 87: 93.(1950)

species :

Scrophularia scopolii Hoppe; Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 160 (1806)

Name: Drüsige Braunwurz (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of mainland, Samothraki, C-Evvoia, Mt. Athos); Ukraine; Crimea; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); ?NW-India (?Jammu & Kashmir)

11 AUT CZE ger HUN POL SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY UKR 33 ARM GEO 34 EAI IRN SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia auriculata Scop.; Fl. Carniol. ed. II. 1: 446 (1771) non L. 1753

= Scrophularia balcanica Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1889(2): 55 (1890)

= Scrophularia castagneana Wydler; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 4: 149 (1828)

= Scrophularia decumbens Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 10: 58 (1845)

= Scrophularia fontana Kotschy ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 396 (1879)

= Scrophularia glabrata Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 784 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia glandulifera E.D.Clarke; Travels Eur. Asia & Africa, ed. 2, 1(App.): xxi (1823)

= Scrophularia glandulosa Waldst. & Kit.; Pl. Rar. Hung. 2: 238. t. 214 (1803 publ. 1804)

= Scrophularia grandidentata Ten.; Fl. Nap. Suppl. 2: 69 (1815)

= Scrophularia grandifolia K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 707 (1849)

= Scrophularia guestii Eig; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 3: 80 (1944)

= Scrophularia hirsuta Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl.: 68 (1819)

= Scrophularia melissifolia d´Urv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. 1: 331 (1822)

= Scrophularia merxmuelleri Grau & W.Lippert; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München, 16(Beih.): 19 (1980)

= Scrophularia nepetifolia C.Presl; J. & C. Presl, Delic. Prag.: 73 (1822), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia nepetifolia Sm.; Rees, Cycl. 32: no. 7 (1815)

= Scrophularia nodosa var. glandulosa (Waldst. & Kit.) Uechtr.; 258 (1820)

= Scrophularia oligantha Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Ser. I. 12: 33 (1853)

= Scrophularia pantocsekii Griseb. ex Pant.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 23: 267 (1873)

= Scrophularia puberula Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 396 (1879), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia rugosa Willd.; Enum. Pl. Suppl. [Willdenow] 42 (1814)

= Scrophularia scopolii var. grandidentata (Ten.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 397 (1879)

= Scrophularia scopolii var. grandidentata (Ten.) Fen.; Atti Ist. Bot. Univ. Pavia 8: 122 (1972). without basionym ref.

= Scrophularia scopolii var. oligantha (Boiss. & Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 397 (1879)

= Scrophularia scopolii var. subalpina Grecescu; 433 (1898)

= Scrophularia scopolii var. tmolea (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 397 (1879)

= Scrophularia scorodonia Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 214 (1831) non L. 1753

= Scrophularia taurica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 485 (1866)

= Scrophularia tmolea Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 66 (1844)

variant :

var. adenocalyx Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 16: 361 (1900)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus; Turkey; Iran

33 NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia scopolii subsp. adenocalyx (Sommier & Levier) Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 232 (1981)

= Scrophularia scopolii var. grandicrenata Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 16: 362 (1900)

variant :

var. burdurensis (Pesmen) R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 14 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia burdurensis Pesmen; Türk. Biyol. Derg. 20: 122 (1970)

variant :

var. longirostrata Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 85 (1952)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

variant :

var. nusairiensis (Post) Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 136 (1970)

Distribution: Turkey; Syria

34 SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia antiochia Post; Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 27 (1893)

= Scrophularia nusairiensis Post; Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 27 (1893)

variant :

var. parryi R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36(1): 14 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

variant :

var. smyrnaea (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 396 (1879)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia smyrnaea Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 66 (1844)

species :

Scrophularia scorodonia L.; Sp. Pl. 620 (1753)

Name: Knoblauch-Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera atlantica (ES)

Distribution: England; Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl.; Morocco; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Tenerife)

10 GRB 11 ger 12 CIS FRA POR SPA 20 MOR 21 AZO CNY MDR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia betonicifolia L.; Mant. Pl.: 87 (1767)

= Scrophularia biserrata Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 644 (1809)

= Scrophularia cantabrica Sennen & Elías; Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 29: 78 (1930)

= Scrophularia cordata Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 4 (1768)

= Scrophularia crenata Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 162 (1840)

= Scrophularia iberica Sennen & Elías; Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 29: 78 (1930)

= Scrophularia melissifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 100 (1796), nom. superfl.

= Scrophularia papillaris Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan.: 90 (1852)

= Scrophularia rugosa Wydler; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 4: 151 (1828), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia scorodonia f. glabrescens Cout.; Fl. Portugal: 556 (1913)

= Scrophularia scorodonia f. verticillata Merino; Contr. Fl. Galicia, Supl. 1: 26 (1898)

= Scrophularia scorodonia subsp. multiflora (Lange) Franco; Nova Fl. Portugal 2: 218, 567 (1984)

= Scrophularia scorodonia subsp. tinantii (Dumort.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 533 (1881)

= Scrophularia scorodonia subvar. viridiflora Druce; Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 5: 39 (1917)

= Scrophularia scorodonia var. acutifolia Rouy; Naturaliste 4: 148 (1882)

= Scrophularia scorodonia var. brevifolia Merino; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 30: 186 (1901)

= Scrophularia scorodonia var. glabrescens (Cout.) Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Ruizia 11: 82 (1993)

= Scrophularia scorodonia var. longepetiolata K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 709 (1849)

= Scrophularia scorodonia var. multiflora Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 550 (1870)

= Scrophularia scorodonia var. papillaris (Boiss. & Reut.) Ball; Spicil. Fl. Marocc. [Ball]: 597 (1878)

= Scrophularia scorodonia var. parvifolia Merino; Fl. Galicia 2: 85 (1906)

= Scrophularia scorodonia var. verticillata (Merino) Merino; Fl. Galicia 2: 85 (1906)

= Scrophularia scorodonifolia Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 320 (1821)

= Scrophularia tinantii Dumort.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 14: 110 (1875)

species :

Scrophularia serratifolia Hub.-Mor. & Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 135 (1970)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia shulabadensis Attar & Hamzehee; Feddes Repert. 117(7-8): 508 (2006)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia singularis Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Nat., 105: 181 (1969)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Samangan)

34 AFG

species :

Scrophularia smithii Hornem.; Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 68 (1819)

subspecies :

subsp. smithii

Name: Smiths Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera tinerfena (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)

21 CNY

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia anagae Bolle; Verh. K.-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 11: 199 (1861)

subspecies :

subsp. hierrensis Dalgaard; Op. Bot. 51: 28 (1979)

Name: El-Hierro-Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera herrena (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Hierro)

21 CNY

subspecies :

subsp. langeana (Bolle) Dalgaard; Op. Bot. 51: 26 (1979)

Name: Langes Braunwurz (DE); Fistulera de monte (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma, Gran Canaria)

21 CNY

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia langeana Bolle; Verh. K.-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 11: 196 (1861)

= Scrophularia teucrium Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9(2): 128 (1887)

species :

Scrophularia sosnowskyi Kem.-Nath.; Not. Syst. Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis., Fasc. 18, 48 (1955)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

33 GEO 34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia souliei Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 15 (1900)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, E-Qinghai, W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia spicata Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 14 (1900)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia spinulescens Degen & Hausskn.; Mitt. Thür. Bot. Ver. nov. ser. 10: 60 (1897)

Distribution: NE-Greece (Samothraki)

13 GRC

Remarks: canina agg.

species :

Scrophularia sprengeriana Sommier & Levier; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. Ser. II. 4: 202 (1897)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

species :

Scrophularia stenothyrsa Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 51 (1943)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Balkh, Bamyan, Ghazni, Herat, Kabul, Laghman, Wardak, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Pakistan (Kurram, etc., Hazara, Murree)

34 AFG 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia decomposita subsp. latifolia Pennell; Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 5: 56 (1943), nom. inval.

= Scrophularia farakulumensis Rech.f. & Köie; K. Danske Vid. Selsk, Biol. Skrift. 10: No. 3 (Symb. Afghan. iv.) 105 (1959) (tentative synonym)

= Scrophularia griffithii subsp. latifolia (Benth.) Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 247 (1981)

species :

Scrophularia stewartii Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 49 (1943)

Distribution: Pakistan (Jhelum, Shahpur, Attock, Swat); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia scabiosifolia subsp. stewartii (Pennell) Qaiser & Khatoon; Willdenowia, 17(1-2): 140 (1988)

species :

Scrophularia striata Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 413 (1879)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badghys, Balkh, Farah, Faryab, Helmand, Herat, Kandahar, Laghman, Nangarhar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Samangan, Takhar); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Waziristan, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab, Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Hazara, Swat)

32 TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN IRQ TUR 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia juncea Richt. ex Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 24 (1885)

species :

Scrophularia strizhoviae Abdusal.; Fl. Tadzhikskoi SSR 8: 485, 356 (1986)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Scrophularia stylosa P.C.Tsoong; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 394 (1979), et Legumes China 637 (2007)

Distribution: China (Shaanxi)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia subaequiloba Lall; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 135, f. 1b (1970)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia subaphylla Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 7: 41 (1846)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia haussknechtiana Bornm. ex Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 476 (1910)

= Scrophularia haussknechtii Bornm. ex Stiefelh.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 476 (1910)

= Scrophularia parthenoides Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22(2): 108 (1907)

= Scrophularia persica Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 314 (1846)

= Scrophularia subaphylla subsp. parthenoides Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22: 108 (1907)

species :

Scrophularia sublyrata Brot.; Phyt. Lusit. ed. 3, 2: 156 (1827)

Distribution: Portugal; W-Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: sambucifolia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia ebulifolia Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Port. 1: 270 (1813) non M. Bieb.

= Scrophularia ebulifolia subsp. schmitzii (Rouy) Cout.; Fl. Portugal: 556 (1913)

= Scrophularia ebulifolia subsp. schousboei (Lange) Cout.; Fl. Portugal 556 (1913)

= Scrophularia ebulifolia var. schmitzii (Rouy) Cout.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 22: 166, 172 (1906)

= Scrophularia ebulifolia var. schousboei (Lange) Cout.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 22: 166, 172 (1906)

= Scrophularia laevigata subsp. schmitzii (Rouy) Cout.; Fl. Portugal ed. 2: 659 (1939)

= Scrophularia lyrata var. parviflora (Lange) Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 368 (1924)

= Scrophularia marceloi Ladero; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 27: 95 (1970)

= Scrophularia sambucifolia var. parviflora Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1863: 34 (1864)

= Scrophularia schmitzii Rouy; Naturaliste 4(2): 147 (1882)

= Scrophularia schousboei Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. fl. Hisp. 2: 553 (1870)

= Scrophularia schousboei subsp. montana Franco; Nova Fl. Portugal 2: 220, 567 (1984)

species :

Scrophularia subsessilis R.R.Mill; Edinburgh J. Bot. 57(3): 426 (2000)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

species :

Scrophularia suffruticosa Pennell; Scroph. W. Himal. (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Monogr. 5) 50 (1943)

Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND

species :

Scrophularia sulaimanica S.A.Ahmad; Kew Bull. 69(2)-9509: 1 (2014)

Distribution: Iraq (Hawraman Mts.); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, Kordestan)

34 IRN IRQ

species :

Scrophularia tadshikorum Gontsch.; Trudy Tadzh. Bazy Akad. Nauk. URSS 2: 182 (1936)

Distribution: Tajikistan (Pamir-Alai); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Takhar)

32 TZK 34 AFG

species :

Scrophularia tagetifolia Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. 4: 401 (1879)

Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria)

34 LEB SYR

species :

Scrophularia taihangshanensis C.S.Zhu & H.W.Yang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(1): 76-78, f. 1 (1997)

Distribution: China (Henan)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia takhtajanii Gabr.; Sist. Zvol. Vyssh. Rast. 82 (1980)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

species :

Scrophularia talassica Tzag.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Kasackst. 2: 33 (1964)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan

32 KAZ UZB

species :

Scrophularia tanacetifolia Willd.; Hort. Berol. tab. 56 (1805)

Distribution: E- & SE-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: sambucifolia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia grenieri Reut. ex Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 554 (1870)

= Scrophularia hispanica Coss.; Notes Crit. 124 (1951)

= Scrophularia murcica Guirão ex Willk.; Linnaea 30: 136 (1859)

= Scrophularia pennellii Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32: 102 (1932)

= Scrophularia sciophila var. intermedia Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 31: 55 (1884), nomen

= Scrophularia sciophila var. tenuifolia Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 31: 54 (1884)

= Scrophularia sciophila Willk.; Bot. Zeit. 8: 77 (1850)

= Scrophularia suffruticans Pall. ex Spreng.; Index Seminum (HAL, Halensis) 1807: 56 (1807), nom. superfl.

species :

Scrophularia tenuipes Coss. & Durieu; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 9: 175 (1862)

Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG TUN

species :

Scrophularia thesioides Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 12: 164 (1860)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

33 ARM AZE 34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia tortuosissima Attar & Joharchi; Iran. J. Bot. 12(2): 199 (2006)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia trichopoda Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3: 156 (1856)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia trifoliata L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1114 (1759)

Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; Italy

12 COR SAR 13 ITA

Remarks: sambucifolia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia appendiculata Jacq.; Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 19 (1798)

= Scrophularia trifoliata var. integrifolia Gamisans; D. Jeanmonod & J. Gamisans, Scrophulariac. (Complém. Prodr. Fl. Corse): 145 (1992)

species :

Scrophularia tuerckheimii Urb.; Ark. Bot. 23: A. No. 11, 38 (1931)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Tuerckheimocharis domingensis Urb.; Symb. Antill. 7: 374 (1912)

species :

Scrophularia tugbae-birhanii Aykurt, Deniz & Gülben; Turk. J. Bot. 47(5): 390 (2023)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort.; Fl. Belg. 37 (1827)

Name: Flügel-Braunwurz (DE), Water figwort (EN)

Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (rare mainland); Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); China (N-Xinjiang); Mongolia; Australia [I] (Tasmania [I]); USA [I] (New Jersey [I], Pennsylvania [I])

10 DEN GRB IRE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 50 aus 75 usa

Remarks: some distribution data might belong to S. neesii which has recently been separated. The taxon is frequently included in S. oblongifolia (Corsica, Sardinia) as subspecies or synonym.

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia affinis Opiz; Lotos 4: 71 (1854)

= Scrophularia alata Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 127 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Scrophularia alata proles cinerea (Dumort.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 11: 92 (1909)

= Scrophularia alata subsp. ehrhartii (C.A.Stevens) Celak.; 319 (1871)

= Scrophularia alata subsp. umbrosa (Dumort.) Domin; Preslia 13-15: 181 (1936)

= Scrophularia alata subsp. umbrosa (Dumort.) O.Schwarz; 114 (1949)

= Scrophularia alata var. cinerea (Dumort.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 768 (1937)

= Scrophularia alata var. patens Bolle; 25 (1865)

= Scrophularia anthemifolia Parrot; M. von Engelhardt & J. J. F. Parrot, Reise Krym. Kauk. 2: 125 (1815)

= Scrophularia aquatica L.; Sp. Pl.: 620 (1753), nom. rej.

= Scrophularia aquatica subsp. alata Gilib. ex Bonnier; Bonnier & R. C. V. Douin, 41 (1926)

= Scrophularia aquatica subsp. cinerea (Dumort.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 533 (1881)

= Scrophularia aquatica subsp. ehrhartii (Steven) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 231 (1894)

= Scrophularia aquatica var. appendiculata Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris: 242 (1812)

= Scrophularia aquatica var. chlorantha Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 10: 58 (1845)

= Scrophularia aquatica var. serrata Jess.; 105 (1879)

= Scrophularia aquatica var. umbrosa (Dumort.) St.-Lag.; Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8 2: 616 (1889)

= Scrophularia balbisii subsp. cinerea (Dumort.) Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 421 (1894)

= Scrophularia balbisii W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 515 (1837), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia cinerea Dumort.; Not. Scroph.: 11 (1834)

= Scrophularia cymigera K.Koch; Linnaea 19: 22 (1846)

= Scrophularia ehrhartii Steven; Ann. Nat. Hist. 5: 3 (1840)

= Scrophularia ehrhartii var. samaritanii Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 153 (1856)

= Scrophularia epicalycina Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 78 (1952)

= Scrophularia nodosa subsp. alata Gilib. ex Hook.f.; 264 (1870)

= Scrophularia oblongifolia subsp. umbrosa (Dumort.) Gamisans; D. Jeanmonod & J. Gamisans, Scrophulariac. (Complém. Prodr. Fl. Corse): 136 (1992)

= Scrophularia pisidica Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 33 (1853)

= Scrophularia samaritanii (Boiss. & Heldr.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 402 (1902)

= Scrophularia umbrosoides Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 86 (1952)

species :

Scrophularia uniflora Richt. ex Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 50: 18 (1885)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia candelabrum Heywood; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 74 (1952)

species :

Scrophularia urticifolia Wall. ex Benth.; Scroph. Ind. 18 (1835)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Sikkim); Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia forrestii Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 283 (1912)

species :

Scrophularia valdesii Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Candollea 46(1): 115 (1991)

Distribution: Portugal (Duero); W-Spain

12 POR SPA

species :

Scrophularia valida Grau; Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 147: 275, t. 209 & 235, f. 2 & 253 (1981)

Distribution: E-Iran (Khorasan)

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia variegata M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucasus 2: 78 (1808)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); India (Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand)

33 GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia ani K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 285 (1844)

= Scrophularia bicolor Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 221 (1847), nom. inval.

= Scrophularia chamaedrifolia Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 418 (1879)

= Scrophularia decaisniana C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 3: 91 (1845)

= Scrophularia latifolia Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 206 (1831)

= Scrophularia ramosissima K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 285 (1844), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia urvillaei Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 624 (1859)

= Scrophularia urvilleana Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 2: 252 (1834), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia varia M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp.: 58 (1798)

species :

Scrophularia vernalis L.; Sp. Pl. 620 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. vernalis

Name: Frühlings-Braunwurz (DE)

Distribution: England [I]; Denmark [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; ?Switzerland [I]; Austria; ?Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Sicily; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Estonia [I]; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine

10 den grb swe 11 AUT bgm CZE ger HUN net SLO 12 FRA 13 BIH CRO ITA KOS ROM SIC SLV sma SRB 14 est RUS UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Ceramanthe vernalis (L.) Dumort.; Not. Scroph. 7 (1834)

= Scrophularia anomala Vest; Flora 12(1 Erg.): 62 (1829)

= Scrophularia cordata Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 75 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia lutea Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 320 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Scrophularia rotundifolia Host ex Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 486 (1866)

= Scrophularia verna Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIIl. n. 13 (1768)

= Scrophularia vernalis var. coarctata Wender.; 204 (1846)

= Scrophularia vernalis var. cordata (Mill.) Rchb.; 376 (1832)

= Scrophularia vernalis var. cordata Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl.: 68 (1819)

= Scrophularia vernalis var. jurensis A.F.Schwarz; Caflisch, 221 (1878)

= Scrophularia vernalis var. ovata Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl.: 68 (1819)

= Scrophularia vernalis var. rotundifolia (Host) Rchb.; 376 (1832)

= Venilia vernalis (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, N. S. 17: 125 (1869)

subspecies :

subsp. clausii (Boiss. & Buhse) Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 229 (1981)

Distribution: Azerbaijan; Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 AZE 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia clausii Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 163 (1860)

= Scrophularia hyrcana (Grossh.) Grossh.; (1949)

= Scrophularia vernalis var. hyrcana Grossh.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 2: 21 (1920)

species :

Scrophularia versicolor Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3: 155 (1856)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey (E-Anatolia)

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia cinerascens Boiss.; Tchich. Asie Min. Bot. 2: 16 (1860)

= Scrophularia grossheimii Schischk.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 44: Il. 238 (1927)

= Scrophularia laciniata var. adenophora K.Koch; Linnaea 23: 710 (1850)

= Scrophularia laciniata var. ciclenophora K.Koch; Linnaea 23: 710 (1851)

= Scrophularia micradenia Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 1: 277 (1901)

= Scrophularia pruinosa Grossh.; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 1: 25 (1920), nom. illeg.

= Scrophularia rupestris var. wilhelmsii K.Koch; Linnaea 23: 711 (1850)

= Scrophularia variegata subsp. cinerascens (Boiss.) Grau; Fl. Iranica 147: 250 (1981)

= Scrophularia variegata var. cinerascens (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 417 (1875)

species :

Scrophularia viciosoi Ortega Oliv. & Devesa; Candollea 46(1): 112 (1991)

Distribution: S-Spain (Torcal de Antequera, Sa. de Alhama)

12 SPA

species :

Scrophularia villosa Pennell; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 5: 223 (1923)

Name: Santa Catalina figwort

Distribution: USA (California Channel Isl.: Santa Catalina Isl., San Clemente Isl.); Isla Guadalupe

76 USA 79 GLP

species :

Scrophularia vvedenskyi Bondarenko & Filat.; Fl. Uzbekist. 5: 462, 639 (1961)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB

species :

Scrophularia wattii (Hook.f.) P.Li; J. Syst. Evol. 55(5): 451 (2017)

Distribution: China (S-Qinghai); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Oreosolen schaeferi Melch.; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 63: 118 (1950)

= Oreosolen unguiculatus Hemsl.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2467 (1896)

= Oreosolen wattii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 319 (1884)

= Oreosolen williamsii T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 46: 245 (1971)

species :

Scrophularia xanthoglossa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 38 (1853)

Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt, SE-Egypt); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Nejd Desert)

20 EGY 32 KAZ KGZ TKM UZB 33 ARM 34 IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Scrophularia aintabensis Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 413 (1879)

= Scrophularia decipiens Boiss. & Kotschy; Diagn. Ser. II. 3: 156 (1856)

= Scrophularia expansa Reut. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 413 (1879)

= Scrophularia gileadense Post; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 438 (1888)

= Scrophularia hispidula Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 6: 157 (1859)

= Scrophularia orientalis Ehrenb. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 413 (1879)

= Scrophularia pinardii var. acutilobata Parsa; Kew Bull. 3: 217 (1948)

= Scrophularia xanthoglossa var. decipiens (Boiss. & Kotschy) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4(2): 413 (1879)

= Scrophularia xanthoglossa var. deserticola Eig; Palest. J. Bot. Jerusalem sen 3: 87 (1944)

= Scrophularia xanthoglossa var. hispidula (Boiss. & Balansa) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 4: 413 (1879)

species :

Scrophularia xylobasis Rech.f.; Anz. Math.-Nat. Kl. Oesterr. Akad. Wiss. 92: 279 (1955)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Scrophularia xylorrhiza Boiss. & Hausskn.; Boiss., Fl. 4: 406 (1879)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Negev Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania)

34 ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR

species :

Scrophularia yoshimurae T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 23: 86 (1949)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Scrophularia yunnanensis Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47(1): 12-13 (1900)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Scrophularia zuvandica Grossh.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 23 (1950)

Distribution: Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 AZE 34 IRN TUR

species :

Scrophularia zvartiana Gabrielian; Bial. Zhurn. Armen. 20: 34 (1967)

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM 34 IRN TUR

species :

Scrophularia ×costei Biau; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 59: 711 (1912 publ. 1913)

Distribution: France; etc.

12 FRA

Remarks: Scrophularia nodosa x umbrosa

species :

Scrophularia ×moniziana Menezes; Ann. Sci. Nat. Porto 8: 97 (1901), Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 4: 43

Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)

21 MDR

Remarks: Scrophularia racemosa x Scrophularia scorodonia

species :

Scrophularia ×ritae Mateo; Flora Montiber. 34: 7 (2006)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Scrophularia auriculata x tanacetifolia

species :

Scrophularia ×towndrowii Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 8: 312 (1927 publ. 1928)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Scrophularia umbrosa x scorodonia

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

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How to Cite:

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (26)

Genus (58)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species, 8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms, in total 1,412,785* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]