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179.0000 Family Papaveraceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 235 (1789), nom. cons.
43 genera, ca. 1000 spp. Revised classification: Peng et al. (2024)
Species listed in database: 1022; hybrids: 19
= Chelidoniaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 124 (1820)
= Eschscholziaceae Ser.; Fl. Jard. 2: 106 (1847)
= Fumariaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég. 50 (1820), nom. cons.
= Hypecoaceae Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 875 (1880)
= Platystemonaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 862, 979 (1870)
179.4309 Genus Roemeria Medik.; Ann. Bot. [Usteri] 1(3): 15 (1792) s. l.
Distribution: Mediterranean, W-Asia, N-Africa, east to C-Asia, north to C-Europe. The genus was expanded recently very much to include many species of Papaver s. l.
Species listed in database: 16
species :
Roemeria apula (Ten.) Banfi, Bartolucci, J.-M.Tison & Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 9(1): 68 (2022)
Name: Apulischer Mohn (DE); Italian Poppy (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; ?Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread mainland, incl. many islands); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria, Dodecanese, Chalki, Rhodos)
11 ger 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MNT NMA SIC SLV 34 EAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Papaver apulum Ten.; Fl. Neapol. Prodr. App. 5: 16 (1826)
= Papaver argemonoides Ces.; Bibliot. Ital. (Milan) 91: 346 (1838)
= Papaver pavoninum Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 10 (1860) non Schrenk
species :
Roemeria argemone (L.) C.Morales, R.Mend. & Romero García; Lagascalia 15(Extra): 184 (1988)
Name: Sand-Mohn (DE), Long pricklyhead poppy (EN); Amapola macho (ES)
Distribution: Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Scotland, Isle of Man); Ireland (Ireland, +Northern Ireland); Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; ?Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (+Guernsey, Jersey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Morocco; Algeria; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura); South Africa [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Connecticut [I], Idaho [I], Maryland [I], Michigan [I], Montana [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I])
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR 21 CNY 27 saf 50 aus 51 nzl 71 cdn 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa
Remarks: records from the S-Balkans might refer to R. nigrotincta fide Strid (2024)
Synonyms: hidden
= Cerastites macrocephalus Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 705 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Papaver argemone f. glabrum (W.D.J.Koch) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38, 1: 73 (1974)
= Papaver argemone f. hemileiocarpum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 447 (1911)
= Papaver argemone f. littoralis Corill., Figureau & Godeau; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Ouest France, n. s. 9(4): 151 (1987), without type
= Papaver argemone f. simplex Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 446 (1911)
= Papaver argemone L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 506 (1753)
= Papaver argemone subsp. micranthum (Boreau) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 24 (1878)
= Papaver argemone var. arvense (Borkh.) Elkan; Tent. Monogr. Papaver 24 (1839)
= Papaver argemone var. glabrescens Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 566 (1843)
= Papaver argemone var. glabrum W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 4: 22 (1833)
= Papaver argemone var. minus Latourr.; Chlor. Lugd. 14 (1785)
= Papaver arvense Borkh.; Rhein. Mag. Erweiter. Naturk. 1(Fl. Grafsch. Catzenelnbogen): 439 (1793)
= Papaver clavatum Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 215 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Papaver clavigerum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 175 (1779)
= Papaver maritimum With.; Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 3, 2: 486 (1796)
= Papaver micranthum Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 29 (1857)
= Papaver neglectum Fedde; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.104, Heft 40 (Papaver.-Hypec.-Papav.): 329 (1909)
species :
Roemeria armenii (M.V.Agab.) Banfi, Bartolucci, J.-M.Tison & Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 9(1): 68 (2022)
Distribution: Armenia
33 ARM
Synonyms: hidden
= Papaver armenii M.V.Agab.; Takhtajania 1: 41 (2011)
species :
Roemeria carica A.Baytop; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 281 (1983)
Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Roemeria davisii (Kadereit) Banfi, Bartolucci, J.-M.Tison & Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 9(1): 68 (2022)
Distribution: Turkey (W-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: Greek records probably refer to R. nigrotincta fide Strid (2024)
Synonyms: hidden
= Papaver davisii (Kadereit) M.V.Agab.; Takhtajania 1: 39 (2011)
= Papaver argemone subsp. davisii Kadereit; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44: 38 (1986)
species :
Roemeria hybrida (L.) DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 92 (1821)
subspecies :
subsp. hybrida
Name: Bastard-Roemerie (DE); Violet Horned-poppy (EN)
Distribution: +England (+England); Netherlands [I]; Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; +Channel Isl. (+Alderney); Corsica; Italy [I]; Croatia; ?Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; European Russia; Moldova; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Hierro, La Gomera, Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; ?Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); China (Xinjiang); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Victoria [I])
10 GRB 11 aut ger net 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ita KOS KRI MNT NMA SRB 14 KRY MLD RUS 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY MDR 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE NCS 34 CYP EAI TUR 36 CHI 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Chelidonium hybridum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 506 (1753)
= Chelidonium violaceum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 169 (1779)
= Glaucium hybridum (L.) Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 4: 472 (1811)
= Glaucium integrifolium A.D.Li & Nabiev; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 18: 37 (1967)
= Glaucium mesopotamicum Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 570 (1825)
= Glaucium spurium Steven ex DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 93 (1821)
= Glaucium trivalve Moench; Methodus [Moench] 249 (1794)
= Glaucium violaceum Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 236 (1789)
= Glaucium violaceum Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 61 (1806), nom. inval.
= Papaver bivalve (DC.) K.-F.Günther; Flora, Morphol. Geobot. Oekophysiol. 164: 436 (1975)
= Papaver bivalve subsp. hybridum (L.) Karlsson; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 91(5): 249 (1997 publ. 1998)
= Papaver hybridum (L.) Spenn.; Fl. Friburg. 3: 979 (1829)
= Papaver roemeria Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 72 (2018), nom. nov. for Chelidonium hybridum L.
= Roemeria bivalvis DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 93 (1821)
= Roemeria hybrida subsp. tenuifolia (Pamp.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 11: 287 (1964)
= Roemeria hybrida var. eriocarpa DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 93 (1821)
= Roemeria hybrida var. glabrescens Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 11: 286 (1964)
= Roemeria hybrida var. latiloba Pamp.
= Roemeria hybrida var. subsimplex Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 11: 286 (1964)
= Roemeria hybrida var. tenuifolia (Pamp.) Boulos; Candollea 34(1): 37 (1979), isonym
= Roemeria hybrida var. tenuifolia (Pamp.) Täckh. & Boulos; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 89 (1972) (1974)
= Roemeria hybrida var. velutinoeriocarpa Fedde; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.104, Heft 40 (Papaver.-Hypec.-Papav.): 241 (1909)
= Roemeria latiloba Fedde; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.104, Heft 40 (Papaver.-Hypec.-Papav.): 242 (1909)
= Roemeria pinnatifida Bél.; Voy. Indes Or. [Bélanger] t. s. n. (1836)
= Roemeria schimperi C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 3: 438 (1845)
= Roemeria tenuifolia Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 26: 211 (1919)
= Roemeria vermiculata Lehm. ex Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 2: 585 (1830)
= Roemeria violacea Medik.; Ann. Bot. [Usteri] 1(3): 15 (1792) (nom. illeg.)
subspecies :
subsp. dodecandra (Forskal) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 257 (1932)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran; Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Helmand, Herat, Kabul, Nangarhar); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia); Kuwait; United Arab Emirates; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Waziristan, Peshawar, Azad Kashmir)
11 ger 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR 35 KUW SAU UAE 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Chelidonium dodecandrum Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 100 (1775)
= Papaver dodecandrum (Forssk.) Medik.; Bot. Beob. 1783 [Medikus]: 307 (1784)
= Roemeria argemonoides Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 247 (1874)
= Roemeria dodecandra (Forskal) Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 295 (1886)
= Roemeria hybrida subsp. maculata Tavakkoli & Assadi; Rostaniha 15: 150 (2014)
= Roemeria hybrida var. orientalis (Boiss.) Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 67 (1887)
= Roemeria hybrida var. simplex (Fedde) Maire
= Roemeria orientalis Boiss.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 16: 374 (1841)
= Roemeria simplex Fedde; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.104, Heft 40 (Papaver.-Hypec.-Papav.): 243 (1909)
species :
Roemeria macrostigma Bien. ex Fedde; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.104, Heft 40 (Papaver.-Hypec.-Papav.): 244 (1909)
Distribution: Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN
species :
Roemeria meiklei (Kadereit) Banfi, Bartolucci, J.-M.Tison & Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 9(1): 68 (2022)
Distribution: Cyprus (C-Mountains)
34 CYP
Synonyms: hidden
= Papaver argemone subsp. meiklei Kadereit; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44: 38 (1986)
= Papaver meiklei (Kadereit) M.V.Agab.; Takhtajania 1: 39 (2011)
species :
Roemeria minor (B.Boivin ex Bél.) Banfi, Bartolucci, J.-M.Tison & Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 9(1): 68 (2022)
Distribution: European Turkey; Crimea; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Turkey (W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
13 TUE 14 KRY 20 EGY 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Closterandra minor Boivin ex Bél.; Voy. Indes Or. [Bélanger] t. s. n. (1839)
= Papaver argemone f. belangeri (Takht.) Parsa; Fl. Iran [Parsa & Maleki] 2: 398 (1986)
= Papaver argemone subsp. belangeri Takht.; Fl. Erevana ed. 2: 65 (1972)
= Papaver argemone subsp. minus (Boivin ex Bél.) Kadereit; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44: 39 (1986)
= Papaver belangeri Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 117 (1867) (nom. illeg.)
= Papaver desertorum Grossh.; Exsicc. (Herb. Pl. Or.) 1: 23 (1924)
= Papaver minus (Boivin ex Bél.) Meikle; Kew Bull. [11]: 545 (1956 publ. 1957)
species :
Roemeria nigrotincta (Fedde) Banfi, Bartolucci, J.-M.Tison & Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 9(1): 68 (2022)
Name: Schwarzfleck-Sandmohn (DE); Black-spotted Prickly Poppy (EN)
Distribution: Croatia; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered mainland, mostly NE-Greece, also Kiklades, Samothraki, Limnos, Skiros); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey
13 BUL CRO GRC KRI NMA 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Papaver nigrotinctum Fedde; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.104, Heft 40 (Papaver.-Hypec.-Papav.): 330 (1909)
= Papaver argemone subsp. nigrotinctum (Fedde) Kadereit; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44: 37 (1986)
species :
Roemeria ocellata (Woronow) Banfi, Bartolucci, J.-M.Tison & Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 9(1): 68 (2022)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh)
32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Papaver pavoninum subsp. ocellatum (Woronow) Kadereit; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44(1): 30 (1986)
= Papaver ocellatum Woronow; Izv. Kavkazsk. Muz. 11: 276 (1918)
= Papaver hybridum var. grandiflorum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 117 (1867)
= Papaver hybridum var. microcarpum N.Busch; Mat. Fl. Kavk. 3(4): 35 (1905)
= Papaver pavoninum var. incornutum Fedde; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.104, Heft 40 (Papaver.-Hypec.-Papav.): 334 (1909)
species :
Roemeria pavonina (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Banfi, Bartolucci, J.-M.Tison & Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 9(1): 68 (2022)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, N-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Badghys, Baghlan, Faryab, Helmand, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Qunduz, Samangan, Takhar, Zabul); China (Xinjiang); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Waziristan, Peshawar, Chitral, Pakistani Punjab, Hazara, Rawalpindi, Drosh)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Papaver pavoninum Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 9: 82 (1842)
= Papaver pavoninum f. album X.J.Ge; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 11(1): 55 (1991)
= Papaver cornigerum Stocks; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 142 (1852)
species :
Roemeria procumbens Aarons. & Oppenh.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 22: 305 (1931)
Distribution: Israel (N-Negev Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
34 ISR JOR
species :
Roemeria refracta DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 93 (1821)
Name: Spotted Asian poppy
Distribution: Belarus [I]; European Russia; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Syria (Jazira); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Kabul, Herat, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar, Zabul); China (Xinjiang); Mongolia; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram); USA [I] (Utah [I])
14 blr RUS 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN SYR TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 40 PAK 76 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Glaucium refractum Steven ex DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 93 (1821)
= Papaver refractum (DC.) K.-F.Günther; Flora, Morphol. Geobot. Oekophysiol. 164(4-5): 436 (1975)
= Papaver refractum subsp. occidentale (Kadereit) Karlsson; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 91(5): 249 (1997 publ. 1998)
= Roemeria bicolor Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 43(1): 249 (1870)
= Roemeria refracta subsp. occidentalis Kadereit; Flora, Morphol. Geobot. Oekophysiol. 179(2): 138 (1987)
= Roemeria refracta var. alba Tavakkoli & Assadi; Rostaniha 15(2): 149 (2014)
= Roemeria rhoeadifolia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 7 (1846)
species :
Roemeria sicula (Guss.) Galasso, Banfi, L.Sáez & Bartolucci; Ital. Botanist 15: 101 (2023)
Name: Krummborstiger Mohn, Ziegelroter Mohn (DE); Rough Poppy (EN)
Distribution: Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, S-Scotland, Isle of Man); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Norway; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg [I], Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg [I], Bayern [I], +Hessen, Hamburg [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], +Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, +Jersey, Guernsey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (rare NC-, C-Greece, E-Peloponnisos, Kiklades); Crete (rare); E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Madeira [I] (Porto Santo Isl. [I]); South Africa [I]; Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; ?Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); East Aegaean Isl. (Chalki, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (E-Iran, N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Kabul); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; Pakistan (Waziristan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Peshawar, Rawalpindi); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (California [I], North Carolina [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I]); Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I])
10 FOR GRB IRE NOR 11 BGM GER HUN NET SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SRB 14 KRY RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 mdr 27 saf 32 TKM 33 AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU UAE 40 IND PAK 50 aus 51 nzl 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 85 arg cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Cerastites hybrida Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 704 (1821)
= Papaver heterotrichum Lojac. ex Tornab.; Fl. Sicul. [Tornabene] 1: 57 (1887)
= Papaver hispidum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 174 (1779), nom. illeg.
= Papaver hybridum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 506 (1753)
= Papaver hybridum var. dissectum Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 1: 161 (1893)
= Papaver hybridum var. pinnatifidum Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 1: 161 (1893)
= Papaver hybridum var. siculum (Guss.) Raimondo & Spadaro; Bocconea 20: 12 (2007)
= Papaver hybridum var. tenuifolium Chev.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 765 (1903)
= Papaver siculum Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 6 (1844)
= Roemeria hispida Stace; New J. Bot. 7(1): 9 (2017), nom. nov. superfl., as ´comb. nov.´
species :
Roemeria virchowii (Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss.) Banfi, Bartolucci, J.-M.Tison & Galasso; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 9(1): 68 (2022)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Papaver virchowii Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 23 (1888)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life