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465.0000 Family Apiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 21 (1836), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 460 - 480 genera, ca. 3900 spp. Phylogeny still partially incomplete, taken from recent partial revisions (Downie et al. etc.), and Clarkson et al. (2021) who do cover only 290 genera. Genus circumscriptions mostly following Kubitzki (ed., 2018)
Species listed in database: 3889; hybrids: 17
= Actinotaceae Konstant. & Melikyan; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 90: 1763 (2005)
= Ammiaceae Bercht. & C.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Angelicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 29 (1820)
= Bupleuraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 258 (1820)
= Caucalidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Coriandraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 773, 783, 1093, 1128 (1835)
= Daucaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 183 (1820)
= Eryngiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Ferulaceae Sacc.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 4: 214 (1872)
= Imperatoriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 328 (1820)
= Lagoeciaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Mackinlayaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: lii (2001)
= Pastinacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 457 (1820)
= Pimpinellaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 258 (1820)
= Saniculaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Scandicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Selinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Sileraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Smyrniaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 773, 1093, 1128 (1835)
= Umbelliferae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 218 (1789), nom. cons.
465.9108 Genus Psammogeton Edgew.; Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 253 (1845), et Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 57 (1846)
Distribution: arid areas or Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Middle Asia (1), Pakistan, and India (1)
Species listed in database: 18
species :
Psammogeton anethifolium (D.Don) Mousavi, Mozaff. & Zarre; Pl. Syst. Evol. 308(1)-2: 9 (2022)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)
40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Athamanta anethifolia (D.Don) Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 18, no. 569 (1829), nomen
= Carum anethifolium (D.Don) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 1: 891 (1867)
= Carum anethifolium (D.Don) Benth. ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 683 (1879)
= Pimpinella anethifolia D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 184 (1825)
= Ptychotis anethifolia (D.Don) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 108 (1830)
= Trachyspermum anethifolium (D.Don) H.Wolff; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.228, Heft 90b (Umbellif.-Apioideae part): 90 (1927)
species :
Psammogeton canescens (DC.) Vatke; Append. Alt. Ind. Sem. Hort. Bot. Berol. 1867: 3 (1867)
subspecies :
subsp. canescens
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Helmand, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Laghman, Nangarhar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Zabul); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Waziristan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Peshawar, Rawalpindi); India (Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand); Myanmar
32 TKM 34 AFG IRN IRQ SYR 40 IND PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Athamantha canescens DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 155 (1830)
= Cuminum crinitum (Boiss.) Koso-Pol.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, n. s. 29: 208 (1915 publ. 1916)
= Daucus crinitus (Boiss.) Kuntze; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 191 (1887), nom. illeg.
= Pimpinella crinita Boiss.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 1: 131 (1844)
= Psammogeton biternatus Edgew.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 57 (1846)
= Psammogeton biternatus var. villosus C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 719 (1879)
= Psammogeton canescens subsp. biternatum (Edgew.) Wagenitz; (1956)
= Psammogeton canescens var. villosum (C.B.Clarke) Babu; Herbac. Fl. Dehra Dun 217 (1977)
= Psammogeton crinitum (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 2: 1078 (1872)
subspecies :
subsp. buschirensis Wagenitz; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 69: 233 (1956)
Distribution: Iran (W-Iran, S-Iran)
34 IRN
subspecies :
subsp. cabulicus Wagenitz; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 69: 233 (1956)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Ghazni, Kabul, Logar, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Pakistan
34 AFG 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Psammogeton cabulicus (Wagenitz) Nasir; Fl. W. Pakistan 20: 102 (1972)
species :
Psammogeton capillifolium (Regel & Schmalh.) Mousavi, Mozaff. & Zarre; Pl. Syst. Evol. 308(1)-2: 9 (2022)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (W-Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Aphanopleura capillifolia (Regel & Schmalh.) Lipsky; Izv. Imp. Akad. Nauk, Ser. 5, 4(4): 379-381 (1896)
= Carum capillifolium (Regel & Schmalh.) Koso-Pol.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, n. s. 29: 199 (1915 publ. 1916)
= Pimpinella capillifolia Regel & Schmalh.; Izv. Imp. Obshch. Lyubit. Estestv. Moskovsk. Univ. 34(2): 29 (1881)
species :
Psammogeton diffusum (Roxb. ex Sm.) Rech.f. ex Pimenov; Pl. Syst. Evol. 305(1): 57 (2018)
Distribution: Pakistan [I]; S-Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar
40 BAN IND NEP pak 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Athamanta diffusa (Roxb.) Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 18, no. 570 (1829), nomen
= Cnidium diffusum (Roxb. ex Sm.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 153 (1830)
= Ligusticum diffusum Roxb. ex Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 21: no. 11 (1812), et Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 21 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 92 (1832)
= Ligusticum indicum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 244, no. 7215 (1832), nomen
= Meum diffusum (Roxb. ex Sm.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 7: 191 (1879)
= Seseli diffusum (Roxb. ex Sm.) G.Hend. & Hume; Lahore to Yarkand [Henderson & Hume] 321 (1873)
= Seseli diffusum (Roxb. ex Sm.) Santapau & Wagh; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 108 (1964), isonym
= Seseli indicum Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 1: 371 (1834)
species :
Psammogeton hirsutus Bhellum & Magotra; Nordic J. Bot. [Issue tbc]-e4093: [3 of 6] (2023)
Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Psammogeton involucratum (Roxb.) Mousavi, Mozaff. & Zarre; Pl. Syst. Evol. 308(1)-2: 10 (2022)
Distribution: Origin unknown; China [I]; India [I] (Gujarat [I], Karnataka [I], Kerala [I], Madhya Pradesh [I], Maharashtra [I], Odisha [I], Rajasthan [I], Sikkim [I], Tripura [I], Uttarakhand [I], West Bengal [I]); Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Borneo [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Moluccas [I]; New Guinea [I]
36 chi 40 ban ind 41 and lao mya ncb tha vie 42 bor jaw lsi mly mol nwg phi sul
Synonyms: hidden
= Apium involucratum Roxb.; Asiat. Res. 11: 157 (1810)
= Athamanta roxburghiana Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 571 (1829), nomen
= Carum diversifolium (Wall. ex DC.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 681 (1879)
= Carum involucratum (Roxb. ex Fleming) Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 7: 179 (1879)
= Carum involucratum (Roxb. ex Fleming) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 265 (1891), isonym
= Carum involucratum var. anomalum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 269 (1891)
= Carum roxburghianum (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 1: 891 (1867)
= Carum roxburghianum (DC.) Waring; Pharmacopoeia India 108 (1868), nom. superfl.
= Carum stictocarpum C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 681 (1879)
= Carum stictocarpum var. hebecarpa C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 681 (1879)
= Falcaria diversifolia Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 110 (1830)
= Pimpinella dalzellii P.K.Mukh.; Indian Forester 95: 567 (1969), nom. nov. for P. lateriflora Dalzell & Gibson
= Pimpinella involucrata (Roxb. ex Fleming) Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 369 (1834)
= Pimpinella lateriflora Dalzell & A.Gibson; Bombay Fl. [Dalzell & Gibson] 106 (1861), nom. illeg.
= Ptychotis involucrata (Roxb. ex Fleming) Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle], 229 (1835)
= Ptychotis roxburghiana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 109 (1830), nom. superfl.
= Sison diversifolium Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 110 (1830), nom. inval.
= Trachyspermum involucratum (Roxb. ex Fleming) H.Wolff; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.228, Heft 90b (Umbellif.-Apioideae part): 89 (1927)
= Trachyspermum involucratum var. anomalum (Kuntze) H.Wolff; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.228, Heft 90b (Umbellif.-Apioideae part): 90 (1927)
= Trachyspermum matthewii M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 2: 363 (1998), nom. superfl.
= Trachyspermum roxburghianum (DC.) Craib; Fl. Siam 1: 788 (1931)
= Trachyspermum roxburghianum (DC.) H.Wolff; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.228, Heft 90b (Umbellif.-Apioideae part): 129 (1927)
= Trachyspermum stictocarpum (C.B.Clarke) H.Wolff; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.228, Heft 90b (Umbellif.-Apioideae part): 89 (1927)
= Trachyspermum stictocarpum var. hebecarpum (C.B.Clarke) H.Wolff; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.228, Heft 90b (Umbellif.-Apioideae part): 89 (1927)
species :
Psammogeton lamondiae Engstrand & Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 162: 150 (1987)
Distribution: Pakistan
40 PAK
species :
Psammogeton microcarpum (Hedge, Lamond & Rech.f.) Mousavi, Mozaff. & Zarre; Pl. Syst. Evol. 308(1)-2: 10 (2022)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Trachyspermum microcarpum Hedge, Lamond & Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 162: 342 (1987)
species :
Psammogeton paktianum (Hedge, Lamond & Rech.f.) Mousavi, Mozaff. & Zarre; Pl. Syst. Evol. 308(1)-2: 10 (2022)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Paktia / Khost)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Trachyspermum paktianum Hedge, Lamond & Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 162: 343 (1987)
species :
Psammogeton papillare (Boiss.) Mousavi, Mozaff. & Zarre; Pl. Syst. Evol. 308(1)-2: 10 (2022)
Distribution: Turkey; Afghanistan (Ghazni, Kabul, Paktia / Khost); Syria
34 AFG SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cachrys papillaris Boiss.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 2: 75 (1844)
= Carum papillare (Boiss.) Koso-Pol.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou, n. s. 29: 198 (1915 publ. 1916)
= Neocryptodiscus papillaris (Boiss.) Herrnst. & Heyn; Candollea 52(1): 184 (1997)
= Pimpinella papillare (Boiss.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Drude; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 8: 196 (1898)
= Prangos papillaris (Boiss.) Menemen; Türk. Bitkileri List. 76 (2012)
= Reutera papillaris Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 2: 76 (1856)
= Trachyspermum papillare (Boiss.) Hedge, Lamond & Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 162: 342 (1987)
species :
Psammogeton ranunculifolius (Boiss.) Engstrand; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 162: 149 (1987)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
34 IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Pimpinella ranunculifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 2: 865 (1872)
species :
Psammogeton raniae-magotrae Bhellum; Nordic J. Bot. 9(e04176): 2 (2024)
Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Psammogeton registanicus Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 162: 148 (1987)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Afghanistan (Kandahar)
32 TKM 34 AFG
species :
Psammogeton shivalikensis Bhellum & Magotra; Nordic J. Bot. 2023(3)-e03691: 4, figs. 2-7 (2023), as ´shivalikense´
Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Psammogeton stocksii (Boiss.) Nasir; Fl. W. Pakistan 20: 103 (1972)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
34 IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Pimpinella stocksii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 2: 865 (1872)
species :
Psammogeton suchaniensis Bhellum & Magotra; Nordic J. Bot. 2023(5)-e03813: 3, f. 2-7 (2023), as ´suchaniensis´
Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Psammogeton ternatus (Rech.f.) Engstrand; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 162: 151 (1987)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kandahar)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pimpinella ternata Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105: 180 (1969)
species :
Psammogeton tyleri Bhellum & Magotra; Nordic J. Bot. 2025(3)-e04488: 3 (2024)
Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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