422.0000 Family Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 2: 240 (1797), nom. cons.

60 genera, ca. 3150 spp. The family had been split up in the recent past, but was recombined and treated sensu lato in APG III (2009).

Species listed in database: 3277; hybrids: 68

422.3003 Genus Primula L.; Sp. Pl.: 142 (1753)

Distribution: Northern Hemisphere (esp. China [ca. 300] and Russia [ca. 80]) south to Ethiopia, tropical Asia, few species in the Southern Hemisphere, montane Java and New Guinea; 1 in temp. S-America. Because of long cultivation and high interest for garden culture, there are considerable differences in species circumscription, especially in the Himalayan species.

Species listed in database: 531; hybrids: 42

species :

Primula advena W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(95): 311-312 (1938)

Distribution: E-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Maximowiczii

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula advena var. argentata W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(95): 312 (1938)

= Primula advena var. concolor W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(95): 312 (1938)

species :

Primula aemula Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 2-3 (1915)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, N-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Maximowiczii

species :

Primula aerinantha Balf.f. & Purdom; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 146-147 (1916)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia aerinantha (Balf.f. & Purdom) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula afghanica Wendelbo; K. Danske Vid. Selsk., Biol. Skrift. 10: No. 3 (Symb. Afghan. IV.) 63 (1959)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan)

34 AFG

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia afghanica (Wendelbo) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula agleniana Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 3 (1920), et ex W. W. Sm. & Forrest, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15: 247 (1927), descr. ampl.

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar (Kayah, Kayin, Shan)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Agleniana

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula agleniana var. alba Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 32 (1923)

= Primula agleniana var. atrocrocea Kingdon-Ward; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 44(173): 123-124 (1930)

= Primula agleniana var. thearosa Ward; Ann. Bot. 44: 122 (1930)

species :

Primula albenensis Banfi & Ferl.; Webbia 47(2): 204 (1993)

Distribution: N-Italy (S-Alps: Monte Alben)

13 ITA

species :

Primula alcalina Cholewa & D.M.Hend.; Brittonia 36(1): 59 (1984)

Name: Bluedome primrose

Distribution: USA (Idaho, Montana)

73 USA

species :

Primula algida Adams; Weber & Mohr, Beitr. 1: 46 (1805)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, Yakutia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Afghanistan (Wakhan); China (Xinjiang); Mongolia; Pakistan (Gilgit)

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 40 PAK

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia algida (Adams) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia ossetica (Kusn.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula algida f. colorata Regel ex Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 73 (1905)

= Primula algida subsp. caucasica (K.Koch) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 23 (1928)

= Primula algida var. albofarinosa Rupr.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 6: 233 (1863)

= Primula algida var. armena (K.Koch) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 73 (1905)

= Primula auriculata Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. 1: 211 (1829), nom. illeg.

= Primula bungeana C.A.Mey.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 6: 22 (1849)

= Primula caucasica (K.Koch) K.Koch; Linnaea 23: 614 (1850)

= Primula darialica subsp. ossetica (Kusn.) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 243 (1992)

= Primula farinosa M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur. Caucasus 1: 139 (1808) non L.

= Primula farinosa var. algida (Adams) Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9: 391 (1876)

= Primula farinosa var. armena K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 307 (1843)

= Primula farinosa var. caucasica K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 307 (1843)

= Primula farinosa var. longifolia K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 307 (1843)

= Primula hookeri Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 142 (1896), nom. illeg.

= Primula ossetica Kusn.; Trav. Soc. Nat. Petersb. Bot. 31: (Fl. Caucasus Crit. 1: 112) (1901)

species :

Primula aliciae G.Taylor ex W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 52(344): 336 (1942)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Souliei

species :

Primula allionii Loisel.; J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 262 (1809)

Name: Allioni-Primel

Distribution: France; Italy (SW-Alps, between Cuneo and Nice)

12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Rhopsidium

Synonyms: hidden

= Auricula-ursi allionii (Loisel.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula glutinosa All.; Auct. Fl. Pedem. 6 (1789) non L. ex Jacks.

species :

Primula alpicola (W.W.Sm.) Stapf; Bot. Mag. 155: t. 9276 (1932)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; Bhutan

36 TIB 40 BHU

Remarks: Sect. Sikkimensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia alpicola (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148: 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula alpicola subsp. luna Stapf

= Primula alpicola subsp. violacea Stapf

= Primula alpicola var. alba W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19: 215 (1943)

= Primula alpicola var. luna (Stapf) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher

= Primula alpicola var. violacea (Stapf) W.W.Sm.

= Primula microdonta var. alpicola W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(72): 85-86 (1926)

species :

Primula alsophila Balf.f. & Farrer; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 4-5 (1915)

Distribution: China (SE-Gansu, NW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Geranioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus alsophilus (Balf.f. & Farrer) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(34): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula ambita Balf.f.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 26(4): 325-327, t. 42 (1915)

Distribution: China (C-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula flavicans Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 41: 131 (1924 publ. 1925)

= Primula nivalis Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult., Nachtr. 2: 185 (1828), nom. illeg.

species :

Primula amethystina Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 32: 268 (1885)

subspecies :

subsp. amethystina

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Amethystina

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia amethystina (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

subspecies :

subsp. argutidens (Franch.) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33(3): 213-214 (1942)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula argutidens Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 9(23): 451-452 (1895)

= Primula argutidens subsp. riae (Pax & K.Hoffm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 13 (1928)

= Primula riae Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 95 (1921)

subspecies :

subsp. brevifolia (Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(76): 13 (1928)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, W-Sichuan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula brevifolia Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 4(19): 229-230, t. 40 (1928)

= Primula sikangensis F.H.Chen; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 9: 273 (1940)

species :

Primula amoena M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 138 (1808)

Name: Lieblicher Himmelsschlüssel

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey; Iran

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Remarks: Sect. Vernales. Often included as subspecies in Primula elatior.

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula altaica Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 53 (1905)

= Primula amoena var. grandiflora Kusn.; Uchen. Zap. Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6(1): 25 (1898)

= Primula amoena var. hypoleuca Kusn.; Uchen. Zap. Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6(3): 65 (1898)

= Primula amoena var. intermedia Kusn.; Fl. Caucas. Crit. 4(1): 72 (1901)

= Primula amoena var. kasbek Kusn.; Uchen. Zap. Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6(3): 63 (1898)

= Primula amoena var. minuta Kusn.; Uchen. Zap. Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6(1): 24 (1898)

= Primula amoena var. sublobata Kusn.; Uchen. Zap. Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6(3): 65 (1898)

= Primula elatior subsp. amoena (M.Bieb.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 199 (1982)

= Primula elatior var. amoena (M.Bieb.) Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 36 (1844)

= Primula kusnetzovii Fed.; Kom., Fl. URSS 18: 723 (1952)

= Primula mnischeikii Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 54 (1905)

species :

Primula angustifolia Torr.; Ann. Lyc. N. York 1: 34. t. 3, f. 3 (1824)

Name: Alpine primrose

Distribution: USA (Colorado, New Mexico)

73 USA 77 USA

Remarks: Sect. Parryi

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia angustifolia (Torr.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula anisodora Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 147-149 (1916)

Name: Anisprimel, Anise primrose

Distribution: China (NC-Yunnan, NW-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I])

36 CHI 75 usa

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia anisodora (Balf.f. & Forrest) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula wilsonii var. anisodora (Balf.f. & Forrest) A.J.Richards; Primula: 202 (1993)

species :

Primula annulata Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 6 (1915)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia annulata (Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula anthemifolia G.Hao, C.M.Hu & Yuan Xu; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 52(5-6): 373 (2015)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula anvilensis S.Kelso; Syst. Bot. 12(1): 10 (1987)

Name: Boreal primrose

Distribution: Alaska

70 ASK

species :

Primula apennina Widmer; Eur. spp. Primula: 45 (1891)

Name: Apenninen-Primel

Distribution: Italy (N-Appennini: Mte. Orsaro)

13 ITA

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Erythrodrosum

Synonyms: hidden

= Auricula-ursi apennina (Widmer)Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula pedemontana subsp. apennina (Widmer) Kress; Primul.-Stud. 2: 2. (1981)

= Primula villosa var. apennina (Widmer) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 314 (1900)

species :

Primula apenninodes Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 28(30): 1 (2022)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Primula apicicallosa D.Fang; J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 6(1): 49 (1998)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula aromatica W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 32-33 (1923)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Malacoides

species :

Primula arunachalensis S.K.Basak & Maiti; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 51(1): 11 (2000)

Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

40 IND

species :

Primula asarifolia H.R.Fletcher; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 52(344): 336-337 (1942)

Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

species :

Primula assamica H.R.Fletcher; Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 33: 107 (1941)

Distribution: Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

40 BHU IND

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

species :

Primula atrodentata W.W.Sm.; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4(5): 217 (1911)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Denticulata

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula atrodentata subsp. orestora (Craib & R.E.Cooper) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 21 (1928)

= Primula orestora Craib & R.E.Cooper; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 207 (1918)

species :

Primula aurantiaca W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 34-35 (1923)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia aurantiaca (W.W.Sm. & Forrest) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula aureata H.R.Fletcher; Gardtr. 63: 283 (1941); et in Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 33: 108 (1941), descr. ampl.

Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; NE-India (Sikkim, West Bengal)

40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula aureata subsp. fimbriata A.J.Richards; Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 69 (1982)

species :

Primula aurentina Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 28(35): 16 (2022)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

species :

Primula auricula L.; Sp. Pl.: 143 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. auricula

Name: Aurikel

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; SE-France; N-Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina

11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA 13 BIH CRO ITA SLV

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Euauricula

Synonyms: hidden

= Aretia auriculata (L.) Link; Handb. 2: 411 (1829)

= Auricula hortensis Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 357 (1838)

= Auricula lutea (Vill.) Opiz; Bercht. & Opiz, Ökon.-Techn. Fl. Bohm. 2: 11. 211 (1839)

= Auricula-ursi auricula (L.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula alpina Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 118 (1796)

= Primula auricula f. exscapa Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula: 34 (1891)

= Primula auricula f. marginata (Stein ex Kolb) Lüdi; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1762 (1927)

= Primula auricula f. nuda (Widmer) Lüdi; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1762 (1927)

= Primula auricula subsp. angustiae Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 31(55): 35 (2024)

= Primula auricula subsp. beckii Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 31(55): 37 (2024)

= Primula auricula subsp. bresinskyi Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 31(55): 39 (2024)

= Primula auricula subsp. brevistyla Tausch; 363 (1821)

= Primula auricula subsp. correntium Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 31(55): 37 (2024)

= Primula auricula subsp. hallae Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 31(55): 40 (2024)

= Primula auricula subsp. judicariae Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 31(55): 41 (2024)

= Primula auricula subsp. levidens Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 31(55): 42 (2024)

= Primula auricula subsp. longipila Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 31(55): 43 (2024)

= Primula auricula subsp. subnuda Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 31(55): 36 (2024)

= Primula auricula var. albocincta Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula: 33, 138 (1891), nom. illeg.

= Primula auricula var. marginata Stein ex Kolb; Alpenpfl.: 250 (1890)

= Primula auricula var. nuda Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula: 33, 139 (1891)

= Primula auricula var. obristii Stein ex Beck; 917 (1893)

= Primula dolomitis Baker; Gard. Chron., n.s. 21: 577 (1884)

= Primula illibata Gand.; Dec. Pl. Nov. 2: 25 (1876)

= Primula lutea Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauph. 2: 469 (1787)

= Primula nivalis Donn ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 405 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Primula nivea Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 395 (1841), nom. inval.

variant :

var. monacensis Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula: 33 (1891)

Name: Münchner Primel

Distribution: +Germany (+Bayern)

11 GER

Remarks: extinct in the wild but survives in cultivation

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula auricula subsp. monacensis (Widmer) Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 31(55): 44 (2024)

= Primula auricula f. monacensis (Widmer) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 131 (1905)

subspecies :

subsp. balbisii (Lehm.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 604 (1881)

Distribution: France; Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula auricula subsp. ciliata (W.D.J.Koch) Lüdi; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1762 (1927)

= Primula auricula var. balbisii (Lehm.) Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich: 917 (1893)

= Primula balbisii Lehm.; Monogr. Primul.: 45 (1817)

= Primula ciliata Moretti; Giorn. Fis. 8: 127 (1815) (non Schrank, Prim. Fl. Salisb.: 64 (1792)

subspecies :

subsp. bauhinii (Beck) Lüdi; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1762 (1927)

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula auricula var. bauhinii Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich: 917 (1893)

subspecies :

subsp. hungarica (Borbás) Soó; Acta Geobot. Hung. 3: 58 (1940)

Distribution: Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia; Hungary

11 cze HUN SLO

Synonyms: hidden

= Auricula-ursi auricula subsp. hungarica (Borbás) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula auricula var. hungarica (Borbás) Mocsáry; Természetrajzi Füz. 21: 467 (1901)

= Primula balbisii subsp. hungarica (Borbás) Li Bing Zhang; Phylogeny, Biogeogr. Syst. Soldanella & Primula sect. Auricula 110 (2002)

= Primula hungarica Borbás; Pallas Nagy Lexikona 10: 105 (1895)

subspecies :

subsp. serratifolia (Rochel ex Pax) Jáv.; Magyar Fl.: 807 (1925)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Romania

13 KOS ROM SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula auricula f. serratifolia Rochel ex Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 131 (1905)

= Primula auricula subsp. serratifolia (Rochel) Soo; Feddes Repert. 83(3): 192 (1972), isonym

= Primula auricula var. serratifolia (Rochel ex Pax) Mocsáry; Természetrajzi Füz. 21: 467 (1901)

= Primula serratifolia Gand.; Dec. Pl. Nov. 2: 26 (1876)

subspecies :

subsp. subpyrenaica (Aymerich, L.Sáez & López-Alvarado) Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 31(55): 44 (2024)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula subpyrenaica Aymerich, L.Sáez & López-Alvarado; Phytotaxa 163(2): 85 (2014)

subspecies :

subsp. tatriaca Li Bing Zhang; Phylogeny, Biogeogr. Syst. Soldanella & Primula sect. Auricula 108 (2002), et Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 146(1): 12 (2004)

Distribution: Poland

11 POL

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula lutea subsp. tatriaca (Li Bing Zhang) Li Bing Zhang; Taxon 54(3): 778 (2005)

subspecies :

subsp. widmerae (Pax) Li Bing Zhang; Phylogeny, Biogeogr. Syst. Soldanella & Primula sect. Auricula 108 (2002), et Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 146(1): 12 (2004)

Name: Schwarzwald-Aurikel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg)

11 GER

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula auricula var. widmerae Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 132 (1905)

= Primula lutea subsp. widmerae (Pax) Li Bing Zhang; Taxon 54(3): 778 (2005)

= Primula widmerae (Pax) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 269 (2010)

species :

Primula auriculata Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 429 (1792)

subspecies :

subsp. auriculata

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Auriculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia auriculata (Lam.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula auriculata var. caucasica Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 12 (1847)

= Primula longifolia Curtis; Bot. Mag. 11: t. 392 (1797)

= Primula macrophylla K.Koch; Linnaea 23: 615 (1850), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. pycnorrhiza (Ledeb.) Wendelbo; Rech.f., Fl. Iran. 9: 10 (1965)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Bamyan, Kabul, Wardak)

34 AFG IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula auriculata var. bornmuelleri Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins 20: 38 (1905)

= Primula auriculata var. calva Hausskn. & Bornm.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins 20: 39 (1905)

= Primula auriculata var. glacialis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4: 28 (1875)

= Primula glacialis Adam ex Rupr.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 6: 230 (1863), nom. illeg.

= Primula glacialis Willd.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 4: 785 (1819)

= Primula pycnorrhiza Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 11 (1847)

species :

Primula baileyana Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(72): 82-83 (1926)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Rotundifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia baileyana (Ward) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula baldshuanica B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkest. 5: 6 (1913)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Faryab)

32 TZK UZB 34 AFG

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia baldshuanica (B.Fedtsch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula barbatula W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(94): 201 (1937)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Bella

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia barbatula (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula barbicalyx C.H.Wright; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1896(109): 24 (1896)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula obconica subsp. barbicalyx (C.H.Wright) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 33 (1928)

species :

Primula bathangensis Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 8(5): 365 (1908), et ex Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. Pt. 7: 736 (1936), descr. ampl.

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, N-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Malvacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus bathangensis (Petitm.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148: 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula pintchouanensis Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 8(5): 364 (1908)

= Primula racemosa Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 464 (1909)

= Primula stephanocalyx Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 60: 136 (1923 publ. 1924)

species :

Primula bella Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 32: 268 (1885)

subspecies :

subsp. bella

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan); SE-Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh); N-Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Bella

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia bella (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia moschophora (Balf.f. & Forrest) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula bella subsp. bonatiana (Petitm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 15 (1928)

= Primula bella subsp. cyclostegia (Hand.-Mazz.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 15 (1928)

= Primula bella subsp. moschophora (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 15 (1928)

= Primula bella subsp. nanobella (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 15 (1928)

= Primula bella subsp. stragulata (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 15 (1928)

= Primula bella var. moschophora (Balf.f. & Forrest) S.K.Basak & Maiti; Gen. Primula India 466 (2014)

= Primula bonatiana Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 7(6): 526, f. 3-II (1907)

= Primula cyclostegia Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 62: 87 (1920)

= Primula cyclostegia var. nanobella (Balf.f. & Forrest) Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 743 (1936)

= Primula moschophora Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 186-187 (1916)

= Primula nanobella Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 15 (1920)

= Primula stragulata Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 20-21 (1920)

species :

Primula bellidifolia King ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3(9): 486 (1882)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia bellidifolia (King ex Hook.f.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148: 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia hyacinthina (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula adenantha Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 2-3 (1920)

= Primula albiflos Kingdon-Ward; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 27: 12 (1916), nom. nud.

= Primula atricapilla Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 4 (1920)

= Primula bellidifolia subsp. adenantha (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 29 (1928)

= Primula bellidifolia subsp. atricapilla (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 29 (1928)

= Primula bellidifolia subsp. hyacinthina (W.W.Sm.) A.J.Richards; Primula: 269 (1993)

= Primula bellidifolia var. albiflos (Kingdon-Ward) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 31 (1928)

= Primula hyacinthina W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(93): 170-171 (1936)

= Primula menziesiana Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 182-183 (1916)

= Primula micropetala Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 14 (1920)

species :

Primula bergenioides C.M.Hu & Y.Y.Geng; Novon 13(2): 196 (2003)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula bhutanica H.R.Fletcher; Gard. Ill. 63: 312 (1941)

Distribution: E-Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh)

40 BHU IND

species :

Primula blandula W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh XV. 299 (1927)

Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

species :

Primula blattariformis Franch.; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 1: 572 (1887)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, N-Yunnan, W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Malvacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus blattariformis (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula blattariformis subsp. tenana (Bonati ex Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 27 (1928)

= Primula blattariformis var. duclouxii Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 465 (1909)

= Primula microstachys Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 49 (1923)

= Primula tenana Bonati ex Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 9 (1915)

species :

Primula blinii H.Lév.; Monde Pl. 17: 2 (1915)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, N-Yunnan, W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Souliei

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia incisa (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula asperulata N.P.Balakr.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 67: 62 (1970)

= Primula florida Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 16-18 (1915)

= Primula incisa Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 69-70 (1886)

= Primula incisa subsp. pectinata (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 41 (1928)

= Primula longipinnatifida Chen; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 9: 300 (1940)

= Primula oresbia Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 32-33 (1915)

= Primula pectinata Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 15-16 (1920)

= Primula souliei subsp. florida (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 41 (1928)

= Primula souliei subsp. oresbia (Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 41 (1928)

species :

Primula bomiensis F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(3): 383-384, f. 1 (1980)

Distribution: E-Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Primula boothii Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 249 (1917)

Distribution: Nepal; E-Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh)

40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula boothii subsp. autumnalis A.J.Richards; Primula: 154 (1993)

= Primula boothii subsp. repens A.J.Richards; Primula: 154 (1993)

species :

Primula borealis Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 43 (1844)

Name: Northern primrose

Distribution: Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Sakhalin); Alaska; Canada (Northern Territories, Nunavut, Yukon)

30 SIB 31 RFE 70 ASK CDN

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia borealis (Duby) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula ajanensis E.A.Busch; Fl. Sibir. Orient. Extremi 4, Cem. 65: 34, fig (1925)

= Primula borealis var. ajanensis (E.A.Busch) Hultén; Acta Univ. Lund., ser. 2, 44, no. 1: 1268 (1948)

= Primula chamissonis E.A.Busch; Fl. Sibir. Orient. Extremi 65: 28, fig (1925)

= Primula kawasimae H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 633 (1941)

= Primula parviflora (Jacq. ex Duby) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 400 (1891)

= Primula sibirica var. borealis (Duby) Kurtz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 397 (1894)

= Primula tenuis Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 320 (1898)

species :

Primula boreiocalliantha Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 5 (1920)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula bellidifolia subsp. boreiocalliantha (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 31 (1928)

= Primula coryana Balf.f. & Forrest ex W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 37-38 (1923)

= Primula muliensis Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 60: 134 (1923 publ. 1924)

= Primula propinqua Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 16-17 (1920)

species :

Primula botschantzevii Czukav. & Kovalevsk.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 19: 123 (1982)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KGZ TZK

species :

Primula brachystoma W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14: 35 (1923)

Distribution: N-Myanmar (Gaoligong Mt.); China (Yunnan: Gaoligong Mt.)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra. Very rare, but recently rediscovered (Jiang et al. 2023)

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia brachystoma (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula bracteosa Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6(26-30): 250. 1911-1917

Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

species :

Primula breviscapa Franch.; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1(2): 65 (1895), nom. illeg., non Clairv.

Distribution: China (NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Davidii. Provisionally accepted name

species :

Primula bukukunica Kovt.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 94(12): 1836 (2009)

Distribution: Siberia (Chita)

30 SIB

species :

Primula bullata Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 265 (1885)

Distribution: China (N-Yunnan, W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Bullatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula bullata var. rufa (Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61: 459 (1946)

= Primula rufa Balf.f.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 26: 197 (1913)

variant :

var. bracteata (Franch.) P.Eveleigh, J.Nielsen & D.W.H.Rankin; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 31(4): 366 (2014), et Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 32(2): 162 (2015)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, N-Yunnan, W-Yunnan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula bracteata Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 266 (1885)

variant :

var. delavayi D.W.H.Rankin; Rock Gard. 140: 93 (2018)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. forrestii (Balf.f.) P.Eveleigh, J.Nielsen & D.W.H.Rankin; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 31(4): 367 (2014), et Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 32(2): 162 (2015)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula forrestii Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 4(19): 215-216, t. 38, 39B (1908)

= Primula forrestii var. redolens (Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward) A.J.Richards; Primula 148 (2002)

= Primula redolens Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 196 (1916)

= Primula ulophylla Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 62: 10 (1925)

species :

Primula bulleyana Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin. 19: 231 (1908)

subspecies :

subsp. bulleyana

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia bulleyana (Forrest) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

subspecies :

subsp. beesiana (Forrest) A.J.Richards; Primula: 194 (1993)

Distribution: China (N-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan); Myanmar

36 CHI 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia beesiana (Forrest) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia burmanica (Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148: 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula beesiana Forrest; Gard. Chron., Ser. III 50: 242 (1911)

= Primula beesiana subsp. leucantha (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 17 (1928)

= Primula burmanica Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 5 (1920)

= Primula leucantha Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 12-13 (1920)

species :

Primula buryana Balf.f.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922(4): 151-152 (1922)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal

36 TIB 40 NEP

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

variant :

var. purpurea H.R.Fletcher; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 52: 323 (1942)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Primula caldaria W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 35-36 (1923)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula caldaria var. nana W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14: 36 (1923)

species :

Primula calderiana Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 7 (1915)

subspecies :

subsp. calderiana

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Griffithii

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula chamaethauma var. chinkiangensis Chen

= Primula dianae Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 163 (1916)

= Primula gammieana King ex Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 168 (1916)

= Primula laeta W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(94): 211 (1937)

= Primula obtusifolia var. roylei Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3: 489 (1882), p. p

= Primula roylei (Hook.f.) Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 198-201 (1916)

= Primula roylei subsp. calderiana (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 36 (1928)

= Primula roylei subsp. dianae (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) W.W.Sm. & Forrest

= Primula roylei subsp. gammieana (King ex Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 36 (1928)

variant :

var. acaulescens (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61: 302 (1944)

Distribution: China (E-Yunnan); N-India (Sikkim, West Bengal)

36 CHI 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula roylei var. acaulescens Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 200 (1916)

variant :

var. alba (W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Royal Soc. Edinburgh 61(2): 302 (1944)

Distribution: India (Sikkim)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula calderiana f. alba (W.W.Sm.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himalaya 246 (1966)

= Primula roylei var. alba W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 198 (1916)

subspecies :

subsp. bawaii Bawri, Gajurel & M.L.Khan; Phytotaxa 265(1): 67 (2016)

Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh)

40 IND

species :

Primula calliantha Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 268 (1885)

subspecies :

subsp. calliantha

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Calliantha

subspecies :

subsp. bryophila (Balf.f. & Farrer) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(76): 31 (1928)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); N-Myanmar (Kayah, Kayin, Shan)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula bryophila Balf.f. & Farrer; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 5-6 (1920)

= Primula calliantha var. nuda Farrer ex W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 36-37 (1923)

= Primula junior Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 11 (1920)

= Primula proba Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 16 (1920)

= Primula shweli-calliantha Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 18 (1920)

= Primula tribola Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 21 (1920)

species :

Primula calthifolia W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(75): 300 (1927)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh); N-Myanmar

36 TIB 40 IND 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Griffithii

species :

Primula calyptrata X.Gong & R.C.Fang; Novon 13(2): 193 (2003)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula candicans W.W.Sm.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 35(2): 190-192 (1950)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

species :

Primula capillaris N.H.Holmgren & A.H.Holmgren; Brittonia 26(3): 313 (1974)

Name: Ruby Mountain primrose

Distribution: USA (Nevada)

76 USA

species :

Primula capitata Hook.; Bot. Mag. 76: t. 4550 (1850)

subspecies :

subsp. capitata

Name: Kopf-Primel (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin)

11 ger 36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Capitatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia capitata (Hook.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula globifera Griff.; Itin. Pl. Khasyah Mts. 148 (1848), nomen, non (Duby) Bennett & Raizada

= Primula mooreana Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 183-186 (1916)

= Primula capitata subsp. mooreana (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 18 (1928)

subspecies :

subsp. craibiana (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 18 (1928)

Distribution: India (Sikkim)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula craibiana Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 159-160 (1916)

subspecies :

subsp. lacteocapitata (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(76): 18 (1928)

Distribution: S-Tibet; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi, Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula lacteocapitata Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 178-179 (1916)

subspecies :

subsp. sphaerocephala (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(76): 18 (1928)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; India (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula pseudocapitata Kingdon-Ward in Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 192-193 (1916)

= Primula sphaerocephala Balf.f.; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 39: 138 (1913)

species :

Primula capitellata Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 7: 64 (1846)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, S-Iran, SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral)

32 TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 40 PAK

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia capitellata (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula cardioeides W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; J. Linn. Soc. Lond., Bot. 52: 337 (1942)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Remarks: Sect. Carolinella

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula cordata Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 349 (1939)

species :

Primula carniolica Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 5: 28 (1778)

Distribution: E-Austria; Slovenia

11 AUT 13 SLV

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Brevibracteatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aretia carniolica (Jacq.) Link; Handb. 2: 412 (1829)

= Auricula-ursi carniolica (Jacq.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula carniolica var. multiceps Rchb. ex Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 38 (1844)

= Primula freyeri Hoppe ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 403 (1831), nom. inval.

= Primula grandiflora Bastard; Suppl. Fl. Maine-et-Loire: 26 (1812), nom. illeg.

= Primula integrifolia Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 133 (1771), nom. illeg.

= Primula jellenkiana Freyer ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 604 (1881)

= Primula multiceps Freyer ex Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 38 (1844), nom. inval.

species :

Primula carolinehenryae S.O´Brien; Footsteps Augustine Henry 213 (2011), nom. nov., as ´carolinehenryi´

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Remarks: Sect. Carolinella

Synonyms: hidden

= Carolinella henryi Hemsl.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 28(2): t. 2726 (1902)

= Primula henryi (Hemsl.) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 47 (1905)

species :

Primula caulifera C.M.Hu; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(2): 327 (1983)

Distribution: E-Thailand

41 THA

species :

Primula cavaleriei Petitm.; Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 18(222-224): 256 (1908)

Distribution: China (C-Guizhou, SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Malacoides

species :

Primula caveana W.W.Sm.; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4(5): 218 (1911)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Chumbi, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Rotundifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia caveana (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula cana Balf.f. & Cave; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 151-152 (1916)

= Primula younghusbandiana Balf.f.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922(4): 152-153 (1922)

species :

Primula cawdoriana Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(72): 87-88 (1926)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

species :

Primula celsiiformis Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 7-9 (1915)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Malvacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus celsiiformis (Balf.f.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz.(Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980), as ´celsiiformis´

= Carolinella racemosa H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yunnan, 210 (1917)

= Primula racemosa H.Lév.; Monde Pl. 17: 2 (1915)

species :

Primula centellifolia G.Hao, C.M.Hu & Y.Xu; Phytotaxa 326(4): 259 (2017)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Primula cerina H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33(2): 111-112 (1941)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

species :

Primula cernua Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 271 (1885)

Distribution: China (N-Yunnan, SE-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia cernua (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula chamaedoron W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(94): 208 (1937)

Distribution: S-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

species :

Primula chamaethauma W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(75): 300-301 (1927)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; N-Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula chamaethauma var. chiukiangensis Chen

species :

Primula chapaensis Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 76: 139 (1929)

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Remarks: Sect. Carolinella

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula huana W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(93): 170 (1936)

species :

Primula chartacea Franch.; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1(2): 64-65 (1895)

Distribution: China (N-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Chartacea

species :

Primula chasmophila (Balf.f. ex Hutch.) Balf.f. ex Hutch.; Bot. Mag. 145: t. 8791 (1919)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

species :

Primula chienii W.P.Fang; Acta Univ. Szechuan. 1: 83 (1956)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula chimingiana G.Hao, S.Yuan & D.X.Zhang; Nordic J. Bot. 36(1-2)-e01390: 1 (2017)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula chionantha Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 11 (1915)

subspecies :

subsp. chionantha

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, N-Yunnan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; E-Bhutan

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula chionantha subsp. sinopurpurea (Irving) A.J.Richards; Primula: 172 (1993)

= Primula ingens W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14: 43 (1923)

= Primula nivalis var. sinensis Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 104 (1905)

= Primula sinopurpurea Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13: 20 (1920) ex Hutch., Bot. Mag. 144: t. 8777 (1918)

variant :

var. violacea W.W.Sm.; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61(2): 294 (1944)

Distribution: S-Tibet

36 TIB

subspecies :

subsp. brevicula (Balf.f. & Forrest) A.J.Richards; Primula: 172 (1993)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula brevicula Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 150-151 (1916)

subspecies :

subsp. melanops (W.W.Sm. & Kingdon-Ward) A.J.Richards; Primula: 172 (1993)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula leucochnoa Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 41: 133 (1924 publ. 1925)

= Primula melanops W.W.Sm. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 48-49 (1923)

species :

Primula chionata W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(72): 81 (1926)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

variant :

var. violacea W.W.Sm.; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61(2): 294 (1944)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Primula chionogenes H.R.Fletcher; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 52(344): 337-338 (1942)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

species :

Primula chishuiensis C.M.Hu, G.Hao & Y.Xu; Nordic J. Bot. 2022(9)-e03670: 2 (2022)

Distribution: China (Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Primula chrysochlora Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 155-157 (1916)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia chrysochlora (Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula helodoxa subsp. chrysochlora (Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 17 (1928)

species :

Primula chrysostoma O.Schwarz; Wiss. Zeitschr. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Mat. Naturwiss. (Beitr. Phytotax., 1) 17(3): 325 (1968)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Wakhan)

34 AFG

species :

Primula chumbiensis W.W.Sm.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 26(2): 118-119 (1913)

Distribution: S-Tibet; N-Bhutan; N-India (Chumbi, Sikkim)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND

Remarks: Sect. Sikkimensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia chumbiensis (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prir. 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula chungensis Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 7 (1920)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SW-Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia chungensis (Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula cicutariifolia Pax; Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 93: Abt. 2, 1 (1915)

Distribution: China (S-Anhui, E-Hubei, Hunan, N-Jiangxi, N-Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Pinnatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula erodioides Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19(552-555): 384 (1924)

= Primula ranunculoides Chen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 20(98): 120, t. 259 (1948)

= Primula ranunculoides var. minor F.H.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(2): 178-179 (1951)

species :

Primula cinerascens Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 9(23): 448-449 (1895)

Distribution: China (SE-Gansu, W-Hubei, E-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Cortusoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus cinerascens (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula cinerascens subsp. violodora (Dunn) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 19 (1928)

= Primula neurocalyx subsp. riparia (Balf.f. & Farrer) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 27 (1928)

= Primula riparia Balf.f. & Farrer; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 40-41 (1915)

= Primula violodora Dunn; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 2: 129 (1902)

species :

Primula clarkei G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc. 20: 4 (1882), et ex Stoker, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 63: 485, descr. ampl. (1938)

Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Auriculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus clarkei (G.Watt) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula clusiana Tausch; Flora 4: 364 (1821)

Name: Clusius-Primel, Clusius-Schlüsselblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Austria; Slovenia; ?Croatia

11 AUT GER 13 SLV

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Erythrodrosum

Synonyms: hidden

= Auricula-ursi clusiana (Tausch) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula churchilii Gusmus ex Kolb; Alpenpfl.: 236 (1890)

= Primula clusiana subsp. brevistyla Tausch; 365 (1821)

= Primula clusiana var. acaulis Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 628 (1827)

= Primula clusiana var. crenigera Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich: 918 (1893)

= Primula clusii Wiest ex Gaud.; Fl. Helv. 2: 94 (1828)

= Primula spectabilis Mart. & W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 2: 116 (1826), nom. illeg.

= Primula spectabilis var. ciliata W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 589 (1837)

species :

Primula clutterbuckii Kingdon-Ward; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 44(173): 122, 125 (1930)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim)

36 TIB 40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

species :

Primula cockburniana Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29(202): 313 (1892)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia cockburniana (Hemsl.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula operculata R.Knuth; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38(4-5): 340-341 (1907)

species :

Primula coelata Stapf; Bot. Mag. 155: t. 9266 (1932)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula coerulea Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 4(19): 221-222, t. 34 (1908)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Davidii

species :

Primula comata H.R.Fletcher; J. Linn. Soc. Lond., Bot. 52: 338 (1942)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula comberi W.W.Sm.; Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 33: 112 (1941)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquen, Rio Negro); Chile (Araucanía)

85 ARG CLE

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula magellanica subsp. comberi (W.W.Sm.) A.J.Richards; Primula: 237 (1993)

species :

Primula concholoba Stapf & Sealy; Bot. Mag. 155: t. 9289 (1932)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh); N-Myanmar

36 TIB 40 IND 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia apoclita (Balf.f. & Forrest) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148: 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia concholoba (Stapf & Sealy) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula apoclita Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13: 3 (1920)

= Primula pinnatifida subsp. apoclita (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 29 (1928)

species :

Primula concinna G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20(123-124): 5-6, t. 4 A (1882)

Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia concinna (G.Watt) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula farinosa var. concinna (G.Watt) Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10(3): 201 (1889)

= Primula minutissima Klatt; Linnaea 37: 500 (1872), non Jacquem. ex Duby, 1843

species :

Primula conspersa Balf.f. & Purdom; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 14-15 (1915)

Distribution: China (Gansu, N-Henan, S-Shaanxi, S-Shanxi)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Gemmifera

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula gemmifera subsp. conspersa (Balf.f. & Purdom) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

= Primula gemmifera var. licentii (W.W.Sm. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61(1): 83 (1943)

= Primula hemsleyi Petitm.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy, Ser. III. 8: 17 (1907)

= Primula licentii W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(76): 45-46 (1928)

species :

Primula cooperi Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 158 (1916)

Name: Königin des Sumpfes, Swamp Queen

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan); N-India (Sikkim); NE-Myanmar

36 CHI 40 IND 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia cooperi (Balf.f.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(34): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula cordifolia Rupr.; Bull. Acad Petersb. 6: 225 (1863)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula elatior subsp. cordifolia (Rupr.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 42 (1928)

= Primula elatior var. cordifolia (Rupr.) Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 179 (1889)

= Primula pallasii var. cordifolia (Rupr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4: 26 (1875)

species :

Primula cortusoides L.; Sp. Pl. 144 (1753)

Name: Heilglöckel-Primel (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Mongolia

11 ger 30 SIB 32 KAZ 37 MON

Remarks: Sect. Cortusoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia cortusoides (L.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 361 (1840)

= Androsace primuloides Moench; Suppl. Meth.: 152 (1802), nom. superfl.

= Auganthus cortusoides (L.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Oscaria cortusoides (L.) Lilja; Flora oefver Sverig. odl. Vext. 19 (1839)

= Primula dentata Donn ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 4: 133 (1819)

= Primula dentiflora Andrews; Bot. Repos. 6: t. 405 (1804)

species :

Primula coryphaea Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 15 (1915)

Distribution: N-Myanmar

41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula bella subsp. coryphaea (Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 15 (1928)

species :

Primula crassa Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 61: 132 (1924)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Davidii

species :

Primula crassifolia Lehm.; Monog. Prim. 91. I. 9 (1817)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia bayernii (Rupr.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula bayernii Rupr.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 6: 238 (1863)

= Primula nivalis var. bayernii (Rupr.) Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3: 136 (1874)

species :

Primula crispata Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 162-163 (1916)

Distribution: Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi, West Bengal)

40 BHU IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula capitata subsp. crispata (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 18 (1928)

species :

Primula crocifolia Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17(477-480): 96 (1921)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

species :

Primula cuneifolia Ledeb.; Mem. Acad. Petersb. 5: 522 (1814)

subspecies :

subsp. cuneifolia

Name: Wedgeleaf primrose

Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido); Alaska; Aleutes

31 RFE 38 JAP 70 ASK

Remarks: Sect. Cuneifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula cuneifolia Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 39 (1844)

= Primula cuneifolia f. leucantha H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 89 (1948)

= Primula cuneifolia var. dubyi Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 112 (1905)

= Primula cuneifolia var. elongata E.A.Busch; Fl. Sibir. Orient. Extremi 65: 79 (1925)

= Primula hyperborea Spreng.; Syst. 1: 577 (1824)

variant :

var. hakusanensis (Franch.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 141 (1902)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula cuneifolia subsp. hakusanensis (Franch.) Vorosch.; A. K. Skvortsov (ed.), Florist. issl. v razn. raionakh SSSR: 186 (1985)

= Primula hakusanensis Franch.; Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, Ser, VII. 10: 144 (1886)

variant :

var. heterodonta (Fr.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 141 (1902)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula cuneifolia subsp. heterodonta (Franch.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 20 (1928)

= Primula hakusanensis var. heterodonta (Franch.) Takeda; Alp. Pl. Japan: t. 77 (1938)

= Primula heterodonta Franch.; Bull. Annuel Soc. Philom. Paris, sér. 7, 10: 145 (1886)

subspecies :

subsp. saxifragifolia (Lehm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 20 (1928)

Name: Wedgeleaf primrose

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka); Alaska; Canada (British Columbia)

31 RFE 70 ASK 71 CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula cuneifolia var. saxifragifolia (Lehm.) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 112 (1905)

= Primula saxifragifolia Lehm.; Monogr. Primul. 89, t. 9 (1817)

species :

Primula cunninghamii King ex Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6(26-30): 250. 1911-1917

Distribution: S-Tibet; N-India (Sikkim, West Bengal)

36 TIB 40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

species :

Primula cusickiana (A.Gray) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2: I. [Suppl.] 399 (1886)

Name: Cusick´s primrose

Distribution: USA (Idaho, Nevada, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Remarks: Sect. Parryi

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula angustifolia var. cusickiana A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 393 (1878)

= Primula brodheadiae M.E.Jones; Zoe 3: 306 (1893)

= Primula brodheadiae var. minor M.E.Jones; Zoe 3: 306 (1893)

= Primula parryi var. wilcoxiana Alph.Wood ex M.E.Jones; Zoe 3: 307 (1893)

species :

Primula daonensis (Leyb.) Leyb.; Flora (Regensburg) 38: 345 (1855)

Name: Inn-Primel

Distribution: E-Switzerland; Austria; N-Italy (E-Alps)

11 AUT SWI 13 ITA

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Erythrodrosum

Synonyms: hidden

= Auricula-ursi daonensis (Leyb.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula cadinensis Porta; Kolb. Europ. Alpenpflanz. 234 (1890)

= Primula hirsuta Rchb. ex Nyman; Consp. 604 (1881), nom. illeg.

= Primula oenensis E.Thomas ex Schott; Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 2: 36 (1852)

= Primula oenensis f. breviscapa Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula: 49 (1891)

= Primula oenensis var. judicariae Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula: 45, 51, 141 (1891)

= Primula stelviana Vulpius; Flora 41: 549 (1858)

= Primula villosa var. daonensis Leyb.; Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 4: 10 (1854)

= Primula ×plantae Brügger; Jahresb. Naturf. Ges. Graub. II. 23-24: 100 (1880)

species :

Primula darialica Rupr.; Bull. Acad. Petersb. 6: 236 (1863)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia darialica (Rupr.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula davidii Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33(1): 66-67 (1886)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Davidii

species :

Primula deflexa Duthie; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 39: 229 (1906)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia deflexa (Duthie) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula conica Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 157-158 (1916)

= Primula muscarioides subsp. conica (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 54: 36 (1929)

species :

Primula dejuniana G.Hao, C.M.Hu & Yuan Xu; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51(6): 372 (2014)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula densa Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 9-10 (1920)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula obconica subsp. densa (Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 33 (1928)

species :

Primula denticulata Sm.; Exot. Bot. 2: 109 (1806)

Name: Kugelprimel (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Belarus [I]; Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); E-Tibet; Pakistan (Hazara, Murree, Kurram, Dir, Chitral, Swat, Deosai, Karakorum); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Assam, Darjeeling, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Nagaland, West Bengal, Sikkim, Chumbi, Jammu & Kashmir, Poonch); Myanmar (Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Shan)

11 ger 14 blr 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Denticulata

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula adenophora Blatt.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 37: 160 (1934)

= Primula aequalis Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 205 (1918)

= Primula alta Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 5-6 (1915)

= Primula alta subsp. limnoica (Craib) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 21 (1928)

= Primula cachemeriana Munro; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 16: 535 (1879)

= Primula cashmeriana Carrière; Rev. Hortic. 330 (1880), orth. var.

= Primula cyanocephala Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 8 (1920)

= Primula denticulata subsp. alta (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61: 473 (1946)

= Primula denticulata subsp. cachemiriana (Munro) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 21 (1928).

= Primula denticulata subsp. cyanocephala (Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 21 (1928)

= Primula denticulata subsp. harsukhii (Craib) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 21 (1928)

= Primula denticulata subsp. hoffmeisteri (Klotz.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 21 (1928)

= Primula denticulata subsp. paucifolia (Hook.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 21 (1928)

= Primula denticulata subsp. sinodenticulata (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(76): 21 (1928)

= Primula denticulata var. alba Hort.; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 7: 279 (1886)

= Primula denticulata var. cachemeriana (Munro) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3: 486 (1882)

= Primula denticulata var. erosioides Hort.; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 7: 176 (1886)

= Primula denticulata var. paucifolia Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3: 486 (1882)

= Primula elata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 79 (1825), pro syn.

= Primula erosioides (G.Watt) Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 6 (1915)

= Primula harsukhii Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 173 (1919)

= Primula hoffmeisteri Klotzsch; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke] 97 (1862)

= Primula limnoica Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(54): 175 (1919)

= Primula paucifolia (Hook.f.) G.Watt ex Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 208 (1918)

= Primula platycrana Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 209 (1918)

= Primula pulcherrima Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 90 (1905), nom. inval.

= Primula sinodenticulata Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 19 (1920)

= Primula telemachica Klatt; J. Bot. 6: 121 (1868)

species :

Primula denticuloides Y.J.Nasir; Fl. Pakistan, 157: 30 (1984)

Distribution: Pakistan

40 PAK

species :

Primula deorum Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1890(1): 55 (1890), et Fl. Bulg. 479 (1891)

Distribution: Bulgaria (Rila Planina)

13 BUL

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Cyanopsis

Synonyms: hidden

= Auricula-ursi deorum (Velen.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz.(Prague), 148(34): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula bulgarica Georgiev ex Degen; Fl. Velebit. 2: 531 (1937), pro syn.

species :

Primula deuteronana Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 251 (1917)

Distribution: Nepal; N-India (Nagaland, Sikkim)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

species :

Primula diantha Bureau & Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 5(6): 97-98, t. 2 [top] (1891)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula amabilis Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 3 (1920)

= Primula calliantha subsp. kiuchiangensis (Pax & K.Hoffm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 31 (1928)

= Primula glacialis Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 270 (1885)

= Primula kiuchiangensis Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 11-12 (1920)

= Primula leucops W.W.Sm. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 46-47 (1923)

= Primula rigida Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 17 (1920)

species :

Primula dickieana G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20(123-124): 9, t. 8 A (1882)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh); N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Amethystina

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia dickieana (G.Watt) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula dickieana var. chlorops W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 39 (1923)

= Primula dickieana var. pantlingii (King) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14: 39 (1923)

= Primula pantlingii King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 55: 228 (1886 publ. 1887)

variant :

var. aureostellata (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 218 (1942)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula aureostellata Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 149 (1916)

species :

Primula dictophylla W.W.Sm.; Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 19: 168 (1936)

Distribution: N-Myanmar (Kachin)

41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

species :

Primula divaricata F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 289, 6 (1990)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula domensis Kass & S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 45(3): 548 (1985)

Name: House Range primrose

Distribution: USA (Utah)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula cusickiana subsp. domensis (Kass & S.L.Welsh) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 32 (1992)

= Primula cusickiana var. domensis (Kass & S.L.Welsh) N.H.Holmgren & S.Kelso; Brittonia 53(1): 155 (2001)

species :

Primula dongchuanensis Z.K.Wu & Y.Yuan Huang; PhytoKeys 130: 173 (2019)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula drummondiana Craib; J. Roy. Hort. Soc., Lond. 39: 190 (1913)

Distribution: Nepal; N-India (Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula petiolaris var. stracheyi Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3: 493 (1882)

= Primula pseudopetiolaris Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 93 (1921), in adnot.

species :

Primula dryadifolia Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 32: 270 (1885)

subspecies :

subsp. dryadifolia

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Bhutan; N-Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Dryadifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia dryadifolia (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula chrysophylla Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 6-7 (1920)

= Primula congestifolia Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 4(19): 226, t. 28A (1908)

= Primula cycliophylla Balf.f. & Farrer; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 9 (1920)

= Primula dryadifolia subsp. chrysophylla (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 22 (1928)

= Primula dryadifolia subsp. congestifolia (Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 22 (1928)

= Primula dryadifolia subsp. cycliophylla (Balf.f. & Farrer) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 22 (1928)

= Primula mystrophylla Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 14-15 (1920)

subspecies :

subsp. chlorodryas (W.W.Sm.) F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 247 (1990)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula chlorodryas W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(79): 223-224 (1931)

= Primula dryadifolia var. chlorodryas (W.W.Sm.) A.J.Richards; Primula 151 (2002)

subspecies :

subsp. jonardunii (W.W.Sm.) F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 246, t. 51, f. 5 (1990)

Distribution: S- & SE-Tibet; Bhutan

36 TIB 40 BHU

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula jonardunii W.W.Sm.; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4(5): 269 (1911)

= Primula oreina Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 189-190 (1916)

= Aleuritia jonardunii (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

subspecies :

subsp. philoresia (Balf.f.) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 301 (1992)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula philoresia Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 34-35 (1915)

species :

Primula duclouxii Petitm.; Monde Pl. 10: 7 (1908), et ex Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. Pt. 7: 739 (1936), descr. ampl.

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Malacoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula forbesii subsp. duclouxii (Petitm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 26 (1928)

= Primula forbesii var. brevipes Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 465 (1909)

= Primula refracta Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 42: 173 (1920)

species :

Primula dueckelmannii Gilli; Feddes Repert. 62: 22 (1959)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Baghlan)

34 AFG

Remarks: Sect. Cortusoides

species :

Primula dujiangyanensis W.B.Ju, Bo Xu & X.F.Gao; Phytotaxa 510(3): 276 (2021)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula dumicola W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 40 (1923)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet (Tsarong); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

species :

Primula duthieana Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 164 (1916)

Distribution: Pakistan (Hazara); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND PAK

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula moorcroftiana var. flavida W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19: 172 (1936)

= Primula nivalis var. macrophylla Holdsworth; Quart. Bull. Alp. Gard. Soc. 8: 25, f. 19 & 20. (1940) nec Pax

species :

Primula eburnea Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 166-167 (1916)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; Bhutan

36 TIB 40 BHU

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula harroviana Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 27(3): 233-236 (1918)

species :

Primula efarinosa Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 79 (1905)

Distribution: China (W-Hubei, E-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Auriculatae

species :

Primula effusa W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 40-41 (1923)

Distribution: China (C-Yunnan, N-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Malacoides

species :

Primula egaliksensis Wormsk. ex Hornem.; Fl. Dan. t. 1511 (1816)

Name: Greenland primrose

Distribution: Iceland; Russian Far East (Magadan); Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Québec, Yukon); USA (Colorado, Wyoming)

10 ICE 31 RFE 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Sibirica

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula egaliksensis f. violacea Fernald; Rhodora 30: 98 (1928)

= Primula farinosa subsp. groenlandica (Warm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

= Primula farinosa var. groenlandica (Warm.) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 84 (1905)

= Primula groenlandica (Warm.) A.W.Hill; Index Kew., Suppl. 8: 194 (1933)

= Primula groenlandica (Warm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928), nom. inval.

= Primula sibirica var. minor Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 43 (1844)

= Primula stricta var. groenlandica Warm.; Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 12(3

species :

Primula elatior (L.) L.; Fl. Angl.: 12 (1754)

subspecies :

subsp. elatior

Name: Wald-Schlüsselblume

Distribution: England; Denmark; Norway [I]; Sweden; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece (rare mountains); Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Belarus [I]; C-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

10 DEN fin GRB nor SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 blr est lat RUS UKR 34 TUR

Remarks: Sect. Vernales

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula alpestris Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 2: 89 (1852)

= Primula ambigua Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 117 (1796)

= Primula brachycalix Opiz; Bercht. & Opiz, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2(2): 201 (1839)

= Primula carpathica (Gris & Schrenk) Fuss; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 10: 149 (1859)

= Primula crenata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 553 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Primula danubialis K.Richt.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 38: 219 (1888)

= Primula domestica Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl. Nachtr. II. 185 (1826)

= Primula elatior (L.) Hill; Veg. Syst. 8: 25 (1765), isonym

= Primula elatior f. colorata Pax; Pax & R. Knuth, 50 (1905)

= Primula elatior f. fragrans (E.H.L.Krause) Pax; Pax & R. Knuth, 49 (1905)

= Primula elatior f. macropus Domin; 58 (1931)

= Primula elatior f. perreiniana (Flüggé) Lüdi; 1748 (1927)

= Primula elatior f. poloninensis Domin

= Primula elatior subsp. carpatica (Gris & Schrenk) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 603 (1881)

= Primula elatior subsp. corcontica (Domin) Kovanda; Thaiszia 7: 21 (1997)

= Primula elatior subsp. poloninensis (Domin) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 10 (1984)

= Primula elatior subsp. tatrensis (Domin) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 14: 156 (1968)

= Primula elatior subvar. carpatica Griseb. & Schrenk; Arch. Naturgesch. 18: 320 (1852)

= Primula elatior var. acaulis Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig: 204 (1830)

= Primula elatior var. brevistyla Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 83, 84 (1828)

= Primula elatior var. carpatica (Gris & Schrenk) V.Nikolic; Fl. SR Srbije 3: 496 (1972)

= Primula elatior var. corcontica Domin; Veda Prír. 11: 239 (1930)

= Primula elatior var. dissecta Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 621 (1827)

= Primula elatior var. incisa Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris: 75 (1812)

= Primula elatior var. longiscapa Hayne; t. 35 (1813), nom. inval.

= Primula elatior var. major Ortmann; Glückselig, 97 (1842), nom. inval.

= Primula elatior var. minor Ortmann; Glückselig, 97 (1842), nom. inval.

= Primula elatior var. schuriana Domin; 61 (1931)

= Primula elatior var. tatrensis Domin; Veda Prír. 11: 240 (1930)

= Primula flueggeana Lehm.; Monog. Prim. 36. t. 2 (1817)

= Primula glandulosa Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 552 (1866)

= Primula lateriflora Goupil; Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. 3: 250. t. 10 (1825)

= Primula montana Opiz; Naturalientausch 10: 225 (1825)

= Primula perreiniana Flüggé; Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 12: 420 (1808)

= Primula poloninensis (Domin) Fed.; Kom., Fl. URSS 18: 724 (1952)

= Primula subarctica Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 61 (1853)

= Primula veris subsp. elatior (L.) Ehrh.; Hannover. Mag. 18: 215 (1780)

= Primula veris var. elatior L.; Sp. Pl.: 143 (1753)

= Primula zahlbruckneri Vest; Steiermärk. Z. 1: 158 (1821)

subspecies :

subsp. leucophylla (Pax) Hesl.-Harr. ex W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 422 (1946)

Distribution: Poland; Romania

11 POL 13 ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula leucophylla Pax; Österr. Bot. Zeitschr., 194 (1897)

subspecies :

subsp. pallasii (Lehm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 42 (1928)

Distribution: E-European Russia (Urals); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey; N-Iran

14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula altaica Pall. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. 1: 209 (1829), nom. illeg.

= Primula elatior var. pallasii (Lehm.) Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 179 (1889)

= Primula pallasii Lehm.; Monogr. Primul.: 38 (1817)

= Primula pallasii subsp. pontica O.Schwarz; Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 17: 318 (1968)

= Primula saguramica Gavr.; Soobshch. Akad. Nauk Gruzinsk. S.S.R. 13(6): 367 (1952)

species :

Primula elizabethiae Ludlow ex W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(94): 205-206 (1937)

Distribution: E-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Agleniana

species :

Primula elliptica Royle; Illustr. Bot. Himal. 311. t. 76 (1836)

Distribution: Pakistan (Baltistan, Deosai); Nepal; NW-India (Dras, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP PAK

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Auriculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia elliptica (Royle) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula denticulata Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 6: t. 2000 (1853), nom. illeg.

= Primula spathulacea Jacquem. ex Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 44 (1844), nom. inval.

species :

Primula elongata G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20(123-124): 8-9, t. 6 (1882)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Chumbi)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia elongata (G.Watt) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

variant :

var. barnardoana (W.W.Sm. & Kingdon-Ward) C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 166 (1990)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan

36 TIB 40 BHU NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia barnardoana (W.W.Sm. & Kingdon-Ward) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula barnardoana W.W.Sm. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(93): 167 (1936)

= Primula elongata f. barnardoana (W.W.Sm. & Kingdon-Ward) A.J.Richards; Primula 202 (2002)

species :

Primula epilithica F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 289, 6 (1990)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula epilosa Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(54): 171-172 (1919)

Distribution: China (E-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Davidii

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula cheniana W.P.Fang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Szechuan. 1: 80 (1956)

species :

Primula erosa (Wall. ex Duby) Regel; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 11: 333 (1853)

Distribution: Nepal; NW-India (Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Denticulata

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula denticulata var. erosa Wall. ex Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 45 (1844)

= Primula fortunei Moore; Floral Mag. (London) 1: t. 7 (1861)

species :

Primula erratica W.W.Sm.; Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 153: 120 (1941)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, NW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

species :

Primula erythrocarpa Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10(49-50): 206-207 (1918)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Bhutan

36 TIB 40 BHU

Remarks: Sect. Denticulata

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula denticulata subsp. erythrocarpa (Craib) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 54: 34 (1929)

species :

Primula esquirolii Petitm.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy, ser. 3, 8: 16 (1907)

Distribution: China (W-Guizhou)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Davidii

species :

Primula euchaites W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh xv. 301 (1927)

Distribution: SE-Tibet (Seinghku-Wang Mts.); N-Myanmar

36 TIB 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia euchaites (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula eugeniae Fed.; J. Bot. URSS 33: 31 (1948)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan

32 KGZ

Remarks: Sect. Cortusoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus eugeniae (Fed.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula euosma Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(54): 172 (1919)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan); NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh); N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 40 IND 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

species :

Primula euprepes (W.W.Sm.) A.J.Richards; Plantsman n. s. 7(2): 125 (2008)

Distribution: E-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Maximowiczii

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula advena var. euprepes (W.W.Sm.) A.J.Richards; Primula: 184 (1993), without basionym ref., et Primula 213 (2002)

= Primula advena var. euprepes (W.W.Sm.) F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Xizangica 3: 799 (1986)

= Primula maximowiczii var. euprepes W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(72): 79-80 (1926)

species :

Primula eximia Greene; Pittonia 3: 251 (1897)

Name: Arctic primrose

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Magadan); Alaska; Canada (Northern Territories, Yukon)

31 RFE 70 ASK CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia arctica (E.A.Busch) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148: 203 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia eximia (Greene) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula arctica Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 216 (1911), nom. illeg.

= Primula macounii Greene; Pittonia 3: 251 (1897)

= Primula nivalis var. pumila Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 3: 10 (1847)

= Primula pumila (Ledeb.) Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 208 (1888), nom. illeg.

= Primula pumila var. arctica E.A.Busch; Fl. Sibir. Orient. Extremi 65: 75 (1925)

= Primula tschuktschorum subsp. arctica (Koidz.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 128(4): 517 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Primula tschuktschorum subsp. cairnesiana A.E.Porsild; Canad. Field-Naturalist 79: 89, fig. 3 (1965)

= Primula tschuktschorum subsp. eximia (Greene) A.E.Porsild; Canad. Field-Naturalist 79: 87 (1965)

= Primula tschuktschorum var. arctica (E.A.Busch) Fernald; Rhodora 30(352): 63 (1928)

= Primula tschuktschorum var. pumila (Ledeb.) Fernald; Rhodora 30: 63 (1928)

species :

Primula faberi Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 18(4): t. 1789 (1888), et ex Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. Pt. 7: 738 (1936), descr. ampl.

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Amethystina

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia faberi (Oliv.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula cylindriflora Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 62: 270 (1920)

= Primula faberi subsp. cylindriflora (Hand.-Mazz.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 13 (1928)

= Primula lecomtei Petitm.; Monde Pl. 9: 14 (1907)

species :

Primula fagosa Balf.f. & Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(54): 172-173 (1919)

Distribution: China (E-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Davidii

species :

Primula falcifolia Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(72): 76-77 (1926)

Distribution: E-Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Agleniana

variant :

var. farinifera C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 294, 179 (1990)

Distribution: E-Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Primula fangii F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 294, 204 (1990)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula fangingensis F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 294, 194 (1990)

Distribution: China (NE-Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Primula farinifolia Rupr.; Bull. Acad. Petersb. 6: 236 (1863)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Remarks: sect. Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia farinifolia (Rupr.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula darialica subsp. farinifolia (Rupr.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 23 (1928)

= Primula darialica var. chewsurica Kusn.; Fl. Caucas. Crit. 4(1): 110 (1901)

= Primula darialica var. farinifolia (Rupr.) Kusn.; Fl. Caucas. Crit. 4(1): 109 (1901)

= Primula zeylanica Kharadze & Kapeller; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 17: 136 (1953)

species :

Primula farinosa L.; Sp. Pl.: 143 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. farinosa

Name: Mehlprimel

Distribution: England; Scotland; Denmark; Sweden; Finland; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen [I], +Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen [I]); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain (mountains); Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Romania; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; C-European Russia; N-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol); Mongolia

10 DEN FIN GRB SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN LIE POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 CRO ITA ROM SLV 14 EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI 37 MON

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia farinosa (L.) Opiz; Bercht. & Opiz, Ökon. Techn. Fl. Bohm. 2(2): 193-195 (1839)

= Aleuritia farinosa (L.) Spach; Hist. Veg. Phan. 9: 361 (1840), isonym

= Aleuritia farinosa subsp. alpigena (O.Schwarz) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Androsace farinosa (L.) Spreng.; Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 37 (1815)

= Cankrienia farinosa (L.) Zoll.; Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. 1: 59 (1854)

= Primula altaica Lehm.; Monog. Prim. 59. t. 5 (1817)

= Primula auricula Hill; Veg. Syst. 8: 25 (1765) nec L.

= Primula davurica Lehm.; Monogr. Primul.: 58 (1817), nom. illeg., non Spreng.

= Primula exaltata Lehm.; Monogr. Primul.: 57 (1817)

= Primula farinosa f. alba (H.Hara) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 78(5): 297 (2003)

= Primula farinosa f. albiflora (Pax) Lüdi; 1756 (1927)

= Primula farinosa f. compacta Widmer; 122 (1891)

= Primula farinosa f. exscapa Wahlenb.; Fl. Suecica 1: 124 (1824)

= Primula farinosa f. flacca Widmer; 122 (1891)

= Primula farinosa f. nivea (H.Hara) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 78: 297 (2003)

= Primula farinosa subsp. alpigena O.Schwarz; Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 17: 330 (1968)

= Primula farinosa subsp. inflata Tausch; 361 (1821)

= Primula farinosa subsp. xanthophylla (Trautv. & C.A.Mey.) Kitag.; Lin. Fl. Manshur.: 351 (1939)

= Primula farinosa subvar. albiflora Druce; Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 5: 38 (1917)

= Primula farinosa var. chrysophylla Trautv. & C.A.Mey.; Middend., Reise Sibir. 1(2

= Primula farinosa var. commutata Behm; Bot. Not. 1887: 176 (1887)

= Primula farinosa var. dentata Murr; 52 (1902)

= Primula farinosa var. flexicaulis (Beauverd) Hegi

= Primula farinosa var. koreana T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 78: 298 (2003)

= Primula farinosa var. nana E.S.Arnold & A.J.Richards; Primula, new ed.: 270 (2002)

= Primula farinosa var. pygmaea Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 88 (1828)

= Primula farinosa var. stricta Wahlenb.; Fl. Suecica 1: 124 (1824)

= Primula farinosa var. sublinearis Borbás; 466 (1901)

= Primula farinosa var. xanthophylla Trautv. & C.A.Mey.

= Primula gigantea Lehm.; Monogr. Primul.: 61 (1817), nom. illeg.

= Primula lepida Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 44 (1844)

= Primula modesta f. alba H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 297 (1948)

= Primula modesta f. nivea H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 93 (1948)

= Primula nivalis Turcz. ex Steud.; Nom., ed. 2, 2: 395 (1841) nec Pall.

= Primula undulata Fisch. ex Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 5: 41 (1827)

= Primula warei Stein; Index Seminum (WROCL, Wratislaviensi) 1881: s.p. (1882)

species :

Primula farreriana Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 167-168 (1916)

Distribution: China (E-Qinghai)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

species :

Primula fasciculata Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 16 (1915)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, W-Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Sibirica

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula reginella Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 197-198 (1916)

species :

Primula fea Kingdon-Ward; Gard. Chron., Ser. III. 82: 210 (1927); et in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15: 302 (1927)

Distribution: N-Myanmar

41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

species :

Primula fedtschenkoi Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3: 133 (1875)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan (Tschupanata); Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Faryab, Herat)

32 KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Auriculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia fedtschenkoi (Regel) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula fenghwaiana C.M.Hu & G.Hao; Edinburgh J. Bot. 68(2): 298 (2011)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula fernaldiana W.W.Sm.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33(2): 115-116 (1941)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

species :

Primula filchnerae R.Knuth; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(5, Beibl. 82): 139-142, f. s. n. (1905)

Distribution: China (S-Shaanxi, Sichuan [I])

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Pinnatae

species :

Primula filipes G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc. 20: 5 (1882)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, C-Yunnan, NE-Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; NE-India (Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar (Mandalay, Chin)

36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Malacoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Androsace cordifolia Wall.; Asiat. Res. 13: 371 (1820)

= Auganthus forbesii (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148: 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula androsacea Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 34 (1905)

= Primula barbeyana Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 7: 526 (1907)

= Primula forbesii Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 64 (1886)

= Primula forbesii subsp. androsacea (Pax) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 26 (1928)

= Primula forbesii subsp. barbeyana (Petitm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 26 (1928)

= Primula forbesii subsp. multicaulis (Petitm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 26 (1928)

= Primula forbesii subsp. willmottiae (Petitm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 26 (1928)

= Primula multicaulis Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 7: 962 (1907)

= Primula wallichiana Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 400 (1891)

= Primula willmottiae Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 7: 961 (1907)

species :

Primula firmipes Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 10 (1920)

Distribution: China (NE-Yunnan); SE-Tibet (Tsarong); NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh); NW-Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Sikkimensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia erythra (H.R.Fletcher) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia firmipes (Balf.f. & Forrest) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula deleiensis Kingdon-Ward; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 44(173): 124 (1930)

= Primula erythra H.R.Fletcher; Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 33: 440 (1943)

= Primula firmipes subsp. flexilipes (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 39 (1928)

= Primula firmipes var. erythra (H.R.Fletcher) A.J.Richards; Primula: 209 (1993)

= Primula flexilipes Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 10 (1920)

= Primula rubra Kingdon-Ward; Ann. Bot. 44: 124, 125 (1930), non Gmel.

species :

Primula fistulosa Turkev.; Fl. Asiat. Ross. 2(1): 23 (1923)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol); Mongolia

31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia fistulosa (Turkev.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula farinosa subsp. fistulosa (Turkev.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24. 1928

= Primula fistulosa var. breviscapa P.H.Huang & L.H.Zhuo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 14(4): 344-346 (1994)

species :

Primula flabellifera W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(93): 169-170 (1936)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

species :

Primula flaccida N.P.Balakr.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 67: 63 (1970)

Distribution: China (W-Guizhou, Yunnan, SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula nutans Delavay ex Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 69 (1886), nom. illeg.

= Primula nutans subsp. penduliflora W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 40 (1928)

= Primula penduliflora Franch. ex Petitm.; Monde Pl. 10: 6 (1908), nom. illeg.

species :

Primula flagellaris W.W.Sm.; Rec. Bol. Surv. India 4: 219 (1911)

Distribution: Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim)

40 BHU IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia flagellaris (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula tenella var. flagellaris (W.W.Sm.) A.J.Richards; Primula: 252 (1993)

species :

Primula flava Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 27(4): 497-498 (1881)

Distribution: China (W-Gansu, S-Gansu, E-Qinghai, N-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula citrina Balf.f. & Purdom; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 12-13 (1915)

= Primula flava subsp. citrina (Balf.f. & Purdom) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

species :

Primula flexuosa Turkev.; Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Petrop. 2: 15 (1921)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Auriculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia flexuosa (Turkev.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula florindae Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(72): 84-85 (1926)

Name: Tibet-Sommerprimel

Distribution: E-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Sikkimensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia florindae (Ward) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula frondosa Janka; Österr. Bot. Z. 23: 204 (1873)

subspecies :

subsp. frondosa

Distribution: Bulgaria (Stara Planina)

13 BUL

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia frondosa (Janka) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula algida Janka ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4: 30 (1875) et ex Pax, Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 80 (1905)

= Primula farinosa Griseb.; Spicil. Fl. Rumel. 2: 2 (1844)

= Primula frondosa var. jordanovii Peev; Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia). 20: 148 (1970 publ. 1971)

subspecies :

subsp. exigua (Velen.) O.Schwarz; Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 17: 329 (1968)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia farinosa subsp. exigua (Velen.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula exigua Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. ser. 7, 1- 38 (1886)

= Primula farinosa subsp. exigua (Velen.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 261 (1889)

species :

Primula gambeliana G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20(123-124): 3, t. 1 (1882)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Sikkim, Darjeeling)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Rotundifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia gambeliana (G.Watt) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula garhwalica (Balodi & S.Singh) K.K.Khanna & An.Kumar; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 22(1): 237 (1998)

Distribution: India (Uttarakhand)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Androsace garhwalica Balodi & S.Singh; Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 30(1-4): 176 (1988 publ. 1990)

species :

Primula gemmifera Batalin; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11(2): 491-492 (1891)

Distribution: China (NW-Gansu, W-Sichuan); NE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Gemmifera

variant :

var. amoena Chen; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 9: 285 (1940)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula carnosula Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 6 (1920)

= Primula chrysopa Balf.f. & Forrest; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 27(3): 231-233 (1918)

= Primula gemmifera subsp. chrysopa (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

= Primula gemmifera subsp. monantha (W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

= Primula gemmifera subsp. rupestris W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

= Primula gemmifera subsp. zambalensis (Petitm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

= Primula gemmifera var. monantha (W.W.Sm. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61(1): 39 (1943)

= Primula gemmifera var. rupestris (Balf.f. & Farrer) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61(1): 39 (1943)

= Primula gemmifera var. zambalensis (Petitm.) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61(1): 39 (1943)

= Primula monantha W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 49-50 (1923)

= Primula rupestris Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 95 (1921), nom. illeg.

= Primula zambalensis Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 8(5): 365 (1908)

species :

Primula geraniifolia Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3(9): 484-485 (1882)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Nagaland, West Bengal, Sikkim, Chumbi, Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar (Chin)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Geranioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus geraniifolius (Hook.f.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula heucherifolia subsp. humicola (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 20 (1928)

= Primula humicola Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 10-11 (1920)

species :

Primula geranophylla Kovalevsk.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Uzbekistan. 15: 14 (1959)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan

32 TZK UZB

species :

Primula giraldiana Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 92 (1905)

Distribution: China (Shaanxi)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia giraldiana (Pax) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula glabra Klatt; Linnaea 37: 500 (1871 publ. 1873)

subspecies :

subsp. glabra

Distribution: SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Chumbi, etc.); Myanmar

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Glabra

subspecies :

subsp. genestieriana (Hand.-Mazz.) C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 224 (1990)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet; N-Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula doshongensis W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(72): 72 (1926)

= Primula genestieriana Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 59: 250 (1922)

subspecies :

subsp. kongboensis (Kingdon-Ward) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 265 (1992)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula kongboensis Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15: 72 (1926)

subspecies :

subsp. pseudoglabra (Hand.-Mazz.) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 266 (1992)

Distribution: China (NW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula pseudoglabra Hand.-Mazz.; Acta Horti Gothob. 2: 104 (1926)

species :

Primula glandulifera Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 20 (1915)

Distribution: Nepal; NW-India (Kumaon, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia glandulifera (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula glaucescens Moretti; Giorn. Fis. ser. 2, 5: 249 (1822)

Name: Meergrüne Primel

Distribution: Italy (Alpi Bergamasche, Judicarian Alps)

13 ITA

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Erythrodrosum

Synonyms: hidden

= Aretia glaucescens (Moretti) Link; Handb. 2: 412 (1829)

= Auricula-ursi glaucescens (Moretti) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula calycina Duby ex Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 94 (1828), nom. illeg.

= Primula calycina var. longobarda (Porta) Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula: 72, 145 (1891)

= Primula glaucescens subsp. calycina (Duby) Pax; Pax & R. Knuth, 136 (1905), nom. inval.

= Primula glaucescens subsp. longobarda (Porta) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 14 (1928)

= Primula glaucescens var. longobarda (Porta) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 136 (1905)

= Primula laevigata Duby ex Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 33 (1823), nom. inval.

= Primula longobarda Porta; Exsicc. (Huter Cat. Pl.) 1992: s.p. (1882)

= Primula spectabilis subsp. longobarda (Porta) Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 226 (1889)

= Primula spectabilis var. glaucescens (Moretti) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 316 (1900)

= Primula spectabilis var. longobarda (Porta) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 316 (1900)

species :

Primula glomerata Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 92 (1905)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; N-India (incl. Chumbi, Sikkim)

36 TIB 40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Capitatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia glomerata (Pax) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula crispa Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 160-162 (1916)

species :

Primula glutinosa Wulfen; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 5: 41 (1778)

Name: Roß-Speik, Klebrige Primel

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; Italy; Slovenia (E-Alps); Bosnia & Hercegovina

11 AUT SWI 13 BIH ITA SLV

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Cyanopsis

Synonyms: hidden

= Aretia glutinosa (Wulfen) Link; Handb. 2: 413 (1829)

= Auricula glutinosa (Wulfen) Spach; Hist. Veg. Phan. 9: 359 (1840)

= Auricula-ursi glutinosa (Wulfen) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula glutinosa var. exilis Brügger; Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 17: 46 (1855)

species :

Primula gracilenta Dunn; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(23): 64 (1911)

Distribution: China (N-Yunnan, NW-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia gracilenta (Dunn) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula gracilipes Craib; Notes Bot. Gard Edin. 6: 252 (1917)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Chumbi)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula boothii W.W.Sm.; (non Craib)

= Primula gracilipes subsp. sulphurea (Hook.f.) A.J.Richards; J. Scott. Rock Gard. Club 15(3): 188 (1977)

= Primula gracilipes var. searightii Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 256 (1917)

= Primula nana G.Watt; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 29: 300. 320 (1904), nom. illeg. non Wall.

= Primula petiolaris var. sulphurea Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3: 493 (1882)

= Primula scullyi Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 255 (1917)

= Primula sulphurea (Hook.f.) Craib; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 39: 190 (1913)

species :

Primula gracilituba C.M.Hu & Nuraliev; Nordic J. Bot. 38(10)-e02885: 1 (2020)

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Primula graminifolia Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17(477-480): 97 (1921)

Distribution: China (NW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula sinoplantaginea subsp. graminifolia (Pax & K.Hoffm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 32 (1928)

= Primula sinoplantaginea var. graminifolia (Pax & K.Hoffm.) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher

species :

Primula grandis Trautv.; Bull. Acad. Petersb. 10: 395 (1866)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Sredinskya grandis (Trautv.) Fed.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 13: 203 (1950)

species :

Primula griffithii (G.Watt) Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10(3): 213 (1888)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Chumbi, Sikkim)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Griffithii

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula obtusifolia var. griffithii G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20(123-124): 8, t. 5 (1882)

species :

Primula grignensis D.M.Moser; Candollea 53(2): 388 (1998)

Distribution: N-Italy (Grigna)

13 ITA

species :

Primula halleri J.F.Gmel.; Onomat. Bot. Compl. 7: 406 (1775)

Name: Langröhrige Schlüsselblume, Hallers Primel

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine

11 AUT POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 UKR

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia farinosa subsp. platyphylla (O.Schwarz) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia halleri (J.F.Gmel.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia longiflora (All.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 362 (1840)

= Primula farinosa subsp. longiflora (All.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 206 (1894)

= Primula longiflora All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 92 (1785)

species :

Primula handeliana W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(76): 45 (1928)

Distribution: China (Shaanxi)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Maximowiczii

species :

Primula hazarica Duthie; Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 9(1): 49, t. 62 (1901)

Distribution: Pakistan (Hazara); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND PAK

species :

Primula helodoxa Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 171-172 (1916)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia helodoxa (Balf.f.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula henrici Bureau & Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 98 (1891)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula articulata var. sublinearis W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(95): 310 (1938)

= Primula articulata W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(95): 309-310 (1938)

= Primula bracteata subsp. dubernardiana (Forrest) A.J.Richards; Alpine Gardener 73(4): 440 (2005)

= Primula bracteata subsp. henrici (Bureau & Franch.) A.J.Richards; Alpine Gardener 73(4): 440 (2005)

= Primula coelata var. stenophylla Stapf; Bot. Mag. 155: t. 9266 (1932)

= Primula dubernardiana Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 4(19): 221, t. 33A (1908)

= Primula dubernardiana var. tapeina (Balf.f. & Forrest) Stapf; Bot. Mag. 155: t. 9266 (1932)

= Primula monbeigii Balf.f.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 26(2): 202-203 (1913)

= Primula pseudobracteata Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 8(5): 366 (1908)

= Primula pulvinata Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 193-195 (1916)

= Primula tapeina Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 52-53 (1923)

species :

Primula heterochroma Stapf; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 50: 70 (1885)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)

33 AZE 34 IRN

Remarks: Sect. Vernales

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula vulgaris subsp. heterochroma (Stapf) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 42 (1928)

species :

Primula heucherifolia Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33(1): 65 (1886)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Geranioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus heucherifolius (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula gagnepainii Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 7: 964 (1907)

= Primula lanata Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 93 (1921)

= Primula oculata Duthie ex Balf.f.; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 39: 135, 144 (1913)

species :

Primula hidakana Miyabe & Kudô; Research Bull. Exper. For. Fac. Agric., Hokkaido Imp. Univ. (1928), nomen, cum ic.

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

Remarks: Sect. Reinii

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula hidakana Kudô; Jap. J. Bot. 2: 273 (1925), nomen.

form :

f. kamuiana (Miyabe & Tatew.) T.Yamaz.; Fl. Japan, 3a: 91 (1993)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula hidakana var. kamuiana (Miyabe & Tatew.) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 90 (1948)

= Primula kamuiana Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 4 (1939)

species :

Primula hilaris W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(94): 209 (1937)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Griffithii

species :

Primula hirsuta All.; Auct. Syn. Stirp. Taurin.: 10 (1773)

subspecies :

subsp. hirsuta

Name: Behaarte Primel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; N-Spain (C-Pyrenees); France; Italy (Alps)

11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Erythrodrosum

Synonyms: hidden

= Aretia ciliata Link; Handbuch 2: 412 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Auricula-ursi hirsuta (All.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula ciliata Schrank; Prim. Fl. Salisb. 64 (1792)

= Primula confinis Schott ex Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 17: 40 (1855)

= Primula decipiens Stein ex Kolb; Alpenpfl.: 238 (1890), nom. illeg.

= Primula decipiens Stein ex Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 141 (1905)

= Primula decora Sims; Bot. Mag. t. 1922 (1817)

= Primula exscapa Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz: 195 (1839)

= Primula hirsuta f. angustata (Widmer) Braun-Blanq.; 1768 (1927)

= Primula hirsuta f. angustata (Widmer) Lüdi; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1768 (1927)

= Primula hirsuta f. confinis (Schott ex Rchb.) Lüdi; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1768 (1927)

= Primula hirsuta f. exscapa (Hegetschw.) Lüdi; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1768 (1927)

= Primula hirsuta f. nivea Sims; Bot. Mag. 1809: t. 1161 (1809)

= Primula hirsuta f. pallida (Schott) Lüdi; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1768 (1927)

= Primula hirsuta subf. nivea (Sims) Lüdi; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1768 (1927)

= Primula hirsuta var. alpina (Rouy) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 196 (1908)

= Primula hirsuta var. angustata (Widmer) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 142 (1905)

= Primula hirsuta var. ciliata (Schrank) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 569 (1882)

= Primula hirsuta var. exscapa (Hegetschw.) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 142 (1905)

= Primula hirsuta var. pallida (Schott) Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 227 (1889)

= Primula hirsuta var. pyrenaica (Rouy) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 196 (1908)

= Primula hirsuta var. serrulata Beauverd; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 13: 11 (1921)

= Primula latifolia W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. ed. 1, 588 (1837), non Lapeyr.

= Primula nelsonii Stein; Samenkat. Bot. Gart. Breslau (1881)

= Primula nivalis Farrer; Engl. Rock Gard. 2: 159 (1919), nom. illeg.

= Primula pallida Schott; Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 2: 35 (1852)

= Primula rubra J.F.Gmel.; Onomat. Bot. Compl. 7: 407 (1775)

= Primula villosa var. viscosa (Vill.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 313 (1900)

= Primula viscosa f. frigida Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula: 55 (1891)

= Primula viscosa var. alpina Rouy; Naturaliste 1890: 230 (1890)

= Primula viscosa var. angustata Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula: 60, 142 (1891)

= Primula viscosa var. major Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 90 (1828)

= Primula viscosa var. minor Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 90 (1828)

= Primula viscosa var. pyrenaica Rouy; Naturaliste 1890: 230 (1890)

= Primula viscosa Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphine: 21 (1779)

subspecies :

subsp. brevipilosa Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 17: 1 (2016)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

subspecies :

subsp. longipilosa Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 17: 1 (2016)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

subspecies :

subsp. valcuvianensis S.Jess. & L.Lehm.; Sammelblätt. Gebirgspflanzen 2005: 4 (2005)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula valcuvianensis (S.Jess. & L.Lehm.) Cristof. & Crema; Ann. Mus. Civici-Rovereto 28: 155 (2013)

species :

Primula hoffmanniana W.W.Sm.; Acta Horti Gothob. 2(3): 110-111 (1926)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula petiolaris var. setschwanica Pax & K.Hoffm.

species :

Primula hoii W.P.Fang; Acta Univ. Szechuan. 1: 100 (1956)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula homogama F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 295, 240 (1990)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula hongshanensis D.W.H.Rankin, Z.D.Fang & H.Sun; Plantsman n. s. 1(3): 156 (2002)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula hookeri G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20(123-124): 14-15 (1882)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula vernicosa Kingdon-Ward in Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 203-204. 1916

variant :

var. violacea (W.W.Sm.) C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 97 (1990)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula vernicosa var. violacea W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(94): 214 (1937)

= Primula hookeri var. violacea (W.W.Sm.) A.J.Richards; Primula 162 (1993), isonym

species :

Primula huashanensis F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 294, 198 (1990)

Distribution: China (C-Shaanxi)

36 CHI

species :

Primula hubeiensis Xin W.Li; Novon 25(2): 162 (2017)

Distribution: China (Hubei)

36 CHI

species :

Primula hunanensis G.Hao, C.M.Hu & X.L.Yu; Nordic J. Bot. 33(3): 381 (2014)

Distribution: China (Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula hydrocotylifolia G.Hao, C.M.Hu & Yuan Xu; J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 23(2): 148 (2015)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula hylobia W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(75): 251-252 (1927)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Davidii

species :

Primula hypoleuca Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 57: 238 (1920)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula forbesii subsp. hypoleuca (Hand.-Mazz.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 26 (1928)

species :

Primula ianthina Balf.f. & Cave; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 175 (1916)

Distribution: Nepal; N-India (Sikkim, West Bengal)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia ianthina (Balf.f. & Cave) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula iljinskii Fed.; Kom., Fl. URSS 18: 726 (1952)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan (Pamir); Tajikistan; N-Tibet

32 KGZ TZK UZB 36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Sibirica

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia iljinskii (Fed.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula inayatii Duthie; Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 9: 49 (1901)

Distribution: Pakistan (Hazara, Gilgit); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND PAK

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Inayatii

species :

Primula incana M.E.Jones; Proc. Calif. Acad. Ser. II. 5: 306 (1895)

Name: Silvery primrose

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northern Territories, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, Wyoming)

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula americana Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 500 (1901)

= Primula farinosa subsp. incana (M.E.Jones) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

= Primula farinosa var. incana (M.E.Jones) Fernald; Rhodora 9: 16 (1907)

species :

Primula inopinata H.R.Fletcher; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 52(344): 339 (1942)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides. Status uncertain, grown from seed, possible natural hybrid P. runcinata x P. pinnatifida

species :

Primula intanoensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 63(6): 211 (1988)

Distribution: N-Thailand

41 THA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula larsenii C.M.Hu; Nordic J. Bot. 10(4): 399 (1990)

= Primula obconica subsp. intanoensis (T.Yamaz.) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 104 (1992)

species :

Primula integrifolia L.; Sp. Pl.: 144 (1753)

Name: Ganzblättrige Primel (DE)

Distribution: Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Spain (Pyrenees, Cordillera cantabrica); Andorra; France; N-Italy

11 AUT LIE SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ITA

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Rhopsidium

Synonyms: hidden

= Aretia integrifolia (L.) Link; Handb. 2: 412 (1829)

= Auricula integrifolia (L.) Spach; Hist. Veg. Phan. 9: 359 (1840)

= Auricula-ursi integrifolia (L.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula candolleana C.Agardh; Rchb., Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 6: 18 (1828)

= Primula incisa Lam.; Fl. Fr. 2: 250 (1779)

= Primula integrifolia var. candolleana (C.Agardh) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 568 (1882)

= Primula integrifolia var. garvanensis Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula: 67 (1891)

species :

Primula interjacens F.H.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(2): 175-177, f. 1 (1951)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Malacoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula interjacens var. epilosa C.M.Hu; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 6: 3 (1990)

species :

Primula intricata Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France 2: 449 (1853)

subspecies :

subsp. intricata

Distribution: N-Spain (mountains); Andorra; France; Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Albania; Bulgaria

12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA

Remarks: often included as subspecies in P. elatior

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula elatior subsp. intricata (Gren. & Godr.) Widmer; Eur. spp. Primula: 128 (1891)

= Primula elatior var. intricata (Gren. & Godr.) Bolzon; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 21: 194 (1914)

= Primula hispanica Wilmott; J. Bot. 67: 149 (1929)

= Primula intricata subsp. alpina Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 18: 3 (2016)

= Primula intricata subsp. patens Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 18: 4 (2016)

= Primula intricata subsp. subcordata Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 18: 2 (2016)

= Primula pachyscapa Goiran & Del Fabbro; Spec. Morphogr. Veg.: ? (1875)

= Primula pallasii subsp. intricata (Gren. & Godr.) Hesl.-Harr.

= Primula rhododendricola Sennen; Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 35: 24 (1936)

subspecies :

subsp. bergidensis (Kress) Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 18: 1 (2016)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula elatior subsp. bergidensis Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 16: 7 (1999)

subspecies :

subsp. impigrorum (Kress) Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 18: 1 (2016)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula elatior subsp. impigrorum Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 16: 7 (1999)

subspecies :

subsp. lofthousei (Hesl.-Harr.) Rivas Mart.; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 706 (2002)

Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. Nevada)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula elatior subsp. lofthousei (Hesl.-Harr.) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 423 (1948)

= Primula lofthousei Hesl.-Harr.; Vasculum 15: 75 (1929)

= Primula pallasii subsp. lofthousei (Hesl.-Harr.) Schwarz

species :

Primula ioessa W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(94): 216-218 (1937)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Sikkimensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia ioessa (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula sikkimensis subsp. subpinnatifida W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(93): 173-174 (1936)

= Primula sikkimensis var. subpinnatifida (W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 19: 218 (1937)

species :

Primula irregularis Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 253 (1917)

Distribution: Nepal; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

species :

Primula isfarensis Turak. & Gazyb.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Respubl. Uzbek. 3: 43 (1995)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Primula jaffreyana King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 55: 228 (1886)

Distribution: S-Tibet; N-India (Sikkim, West Bengal, Chumbi)

36 TIB 40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula jaffreyana subsp. lhasaensis (Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 34 (1928)

= Primula lhasaensis Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 26 (1915)

species :

Primula japonica A.Gray; Mem. Amer. Acad. n. s. 6: 400 (1859)

Name: Japanese primrose

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku); Taiwan; USA [I] (New York [I])

31 RFE 38 JAP TAI 75 usa

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia japonica (A.Gray) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula jesoana Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 119 (1867)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Liaoning, S-Shandong); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Remarks: Sect. Geranioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus jesoanus (Miq.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Auganthus loeseneri (Kitag.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula hallaisanensis Nakai ex Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 194 (1936)

= Primula hondoensis Nakai & Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 139 (1936)

= Primula jesoana f. albiflora Tatew.; Res. Bull. Coll. Exp. Forests Coll. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 5: 105 (1928)

= Primula jesoana f. albiflora Y.N.Lee; Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 5: 19 (photo) (2005)

= Primula jesoana f. glabra Takeda; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 84 (1913)

= Primula jesoana f. leucantha H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 569 (1936)

= Primula jesoana f. nudiuscula (Nakai & Kitag.) H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 596 (1936)

= Primula jesoana f. pubescens Takeda; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 86 (1913)

= Primula jesoana subsp. pubescens (Takeda) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 17: 13 (1957)

= Primula jesoana var. glabra (Takeda) Takeda & H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 569 (1936)

= Primula jesoana var. hallaisanensis (Nakai ex Kitag.) T.Yamaz.; Fl. Japan 3a: 89 (1993)

= Primula jesoana var. pubescens (Takeda) Takeda & H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 569 (1936)

= Primula loeseneri Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50(591): 137 (1936)

= Primula maclarenii Balf.f.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 27: 238 (1918)

= Primula paxiana Gilg; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: Beibl. 75: 56 (1901) non Kuntze 1891

= Primula tyoseniana Nakai ex Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 137 (1936)

= Primula yesomontana Nakai & Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 140 (1936)

= Primula yesomontana var. nudiuscula Nakai & Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 141 (1936)

species :

Primula jiaozishanensis Z.K.Wu, Wu Hai Yang & Yuan Wu; PhytoKeys 227: 27 (2023)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula jigmediana W.W.Sm.; Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 19: 171 (1936)

Distribution: Bhutan (Shingbe, Me La); India (Arunachal Pradesh)

40 BHU IND

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

species :

Primula jiugongshanensis J.W.Shao; Nordic J. Bot. 35(3): 329 (2017)

Distribution: China (Hubei)

36 CHI

species :

Primula jucunda W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(94): 209-210 (1937)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Griffithii

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula jucunda var. ponticula W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(94): 210 (1937)

species :

Primula juliae Kusn.; Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 1: 67 (1900)

Name: Teppichprimel

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

33 AZE GEO NCS

Remarks: Sect. Vernales

species :

Primula kaufmanniana Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3: 131 (1875)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan (Pamir, Alexander Mts.); Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG

Remarks: Sect. Cortusoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus kaufmannianus (Regel) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula khasiana Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 176 (1916)

Distribution: India (Meghalaya, Nagaland)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia khasiana (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula kialensis Franch.; Morot, J. de Bot. 9: 458 (1895)

subspecies :

subsp. kialensis

Distribution: China (NW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Yunnanensis

subspecies :

subsp. breviloba C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 295, 210 (1990)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula kialensis subsp. brevituba C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 295 (1990)

species :

Primula kingii G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20(123-124): 9, t. 7 (1882)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND

Remarks: Sect. Amethystina

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia kingii (G.Watt) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula dickieana var. gouldii H.R.Fletcher; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 52(344): 338-339 (1942)

= Primula gageana Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 18 (1915)

= Primula kingii subsp. gageana (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 13 (1928)

species :

Primula kisoana Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 119 (1867)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku)

38 JAP

Remarks: Sect. Geranioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus kisoanus (Miq.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula kisoana var. shikokiana Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 1: 19 (1917)

= Primula shikokiana (Makino) Nakai; Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., tokyo, No. 29, 87 (1950)

species :

Primula kitaibeliana Schott; Österr. Bot. Wochenbl. 2: 268 (1852)

Name: Dinarische Primel

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina (Illyrian Alps, Dinarides, Velebit, Kapela, Hercegovina)

13 BIH CRO

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Rhopsidium

Synonyms: hidden

= Auricula-ursi kitaibeliana (Schott) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula integrifolia Vis.; Fl. Dalm. 2: 149 (1847) non Scop.

= Primula viscosa Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: xxviii (1803), nom. illeg.

species :

Primula klattii N.P.Balakr.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 67: 63 (1970)

Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula uniflora Klatt; Linnaea 37: 500-501 (1871-73)

species :

Primula klaveriana Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(75): 252-253 (1927)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan); N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Davidii

species :

Primula knorringiana Fed.; Kom., Fl. URSS 18: 726 (1952)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan (Tian Shan, Alatau)

32 KAZ KGZ

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Sibirica

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia knorringiana (Fed.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula knuthiana Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 79 (1905)

Distribution: China (Shaanxi)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia knuthiana (Pax) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula kwangtungensis W.W.Sm.; Sunyatsenia 3(4): 244-245, t. 31 (1937)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

species :

Primula kweichouensis W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(79): 225-226 (1931)

subspecies :

subsp. kweichouensis

Distribution: China (N-Guizhou)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

variant :

var. guangxiensis D.Fang; J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 6(1): 51 (1998)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

subspecies :

subsp. venulosa Chen & C.M.Hu; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 6: 5 (1990)

Distribution: China (N-Guangdong)

36 CHI

species :

Primula lacerata W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 45-46 (1923)

Distribution: E-Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh); NW-Myanmar

36 TIB 40 IND 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Chartacea

species :

Primula laciniata Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17(477-480): 98-99 (1921)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Gemmifera

species :

Primula lactucoides F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 293, 169 (1990)

Distribution: China (S-Qinghai)

36 CHI

species :

Primula latifolia Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrenees 97 (1813)

subspecies :

subsp. latifolia

Name: Klebrige Schlüsselblume (DE)

Distribution: Switzerland; NE-Spain (E-Pyrenees); Andorra; France (Alps, Pyrenees); Italy (Alps)

11 SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ITA

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Brevibracteatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Auricula-ursi latifolia (Lapeyr.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula glutinosa Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées: 96 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Primula latifolia var. gaudinii Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 197 (1908)

= Primula latifolia var. villarsii Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 197 (1908)

= Primula rubra Honck.; Verz. Gew. Teutschl.: 575 (1782), nom. illeg.

= Primula villosa var. latifolia (Lapeyr.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 314 (1900)

= Primula viscosa All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 93 (1785) (non Vill. (1779)

= Primula viscosa var. latifolia (Lapeyr.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 709 (1937)

subspecies :

subsp. dentiens Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 20(2): 59 (2018)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

subspecies :

subsp. graveolens (Hegetschw.) Rouy; Fl. France 10: 197 (1908)

Distribution: France; Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula alpina Loisel.; Fl. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 160 (1828), nom. illeg.

= Primula cynoglossifolia (Widmer) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 269 (2010)

= Primula graveolens Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz: 194 (1839)

= Primula hirsuta subsp. graveolens (Hegetschw.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 604 (1881)

= Primula latifolia subsp. cynoglossifolia (Widmer) Li Bing Zhang; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 146: 14 (2004)

= Primula latifolia subsp. elisabethae Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 20(2): 60 (2018), nom. superfl.

= Primula latifolia var. cynoglossifolia Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula: 40 (1891)

= Primula viscosa f. cynoglossifolia (Widmer) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 135 (1905)

= Primula viscosa f. graveolens (Hegetschw.) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 135 (1905)

= Primula viscosa subsp. graveolens (Hegetschw.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 206 (1894)

= Primula viscosa var. cuneata Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula: 40, 140 (1891)

subspecies :

subsp. grossidens Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 20(2): 63 (2018)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

subspecies :

subsp. iungens Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 20(2): 64 (2018)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

subspecies :

subsp. ligustica Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 20(2): 66 (2018)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

subspecies :

subsp. vicina Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 20(2): 67 (2018)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

species :

Primula latisecta W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(72): 74-75 (1926)

Distribution: S-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Geranioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus latisectus (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula laurentiana Fernald; Rhodora 30: 68 (1928)

Name: Birdeye primrose

Distribution: Canada (Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec); USA (Maine)

72 CDN 75 USA

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula farinosa subsp. laurentiana (Fernald) Blasdale; Cult. Sp. Primula: 219 (1948)

= Primula farinosa var. macropoda Fernald; Rhodora 9: 16 (1907)

= Primula laurentiana f. chlorophylla Fernald; Rhodora 30: 72 (1928)

= Primula mistassinica var. macropoda (Fernald) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 644 (1966)

= Primula pusilla Sweet; Brit. Fl. Gard. Ser. II. 1: t. 5 (1831), non Goldie

species :

Primula laxiuscula W.W.Sm.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 35(2): 184-186 (1950)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Denticulata

species :

Primula leptophylla Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(54): 174-175 (1919)

Distribution: China (NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Davidii

species :

Primula levicalyx C.M.Hu & Z.R.Xu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26(4): 309 (1988)

Distribution: China (S-Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Primula lihengiana C.M.Hu & R.Li; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 46(2): 130 (2009)

Distribution: China (Gong Shan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula lilacina A.J.Richards; Plantsman n. s. 7(2): 123 (2008)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula limbata Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 13 (1920)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula sinonivalis Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 20 (1920)

species :

Primula listeri King ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 485 (1882)

Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal); Myanmar (Chin)

40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus listeri (King) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula austrolisteri Balf.f.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 26: 316 (1915)

= Primula listeri subsp. austrolisteri (Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 33 (1928)

species :

Primula lithophila F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 290, 12 (1990)

Distribution: China (NW-Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Primula littledalei Balf.f. & G.Watt; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 179-181 (1916)

Distribution: S-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Rotundifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia consocia (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia littledalei (Balf.f. & G.Watt) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula consocia W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(93): 167-168 (1936)

species :

Primula lizipingensis W.B.Ju, L.Y.He & X.F.Gao; PhytoKeys 236: 136 (2023)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula longipes Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 141 (1896)

Distribution: ?Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia longipes (Freyn & Sint.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula nivalis var. longipes (Freyn & Sint.) Kusn.; Fl. Caucas. Crit. 4(1): 115 (1901)

species :

Primula longipilosa Ze H.Wang & H.Peng; Phytotaxa 194: 18, figs. 2-3 (2022)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula longiscapa Ledeb.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg Hist. Acad. 5: 520 (1815)

Distribution: C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia

14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia longiscapa (Ledeb.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz.(Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula farinosa subsp. longiscapa (Ledeb.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

= Primula farinosa var. longiscapa (Ledeb.) K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 308 (1843)

species :

Primula longistyla X.D.Ma & J.Y.Shen; Nordic J. Bot. 39(10)-e03341: 2 (2021)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula lungchiensis W.P.Fang; Acta Univ. Szechuan. 1: 88 (1956)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula luquanensis Z.K.Wu & Wei Zhou; Plants [Basel] 12(3)-534: 2 (2023)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula luteoflora X.F.Gao & W.B.Ju; Phytotaxa 367(3): 297 (2018)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula luteola Rupr.; Bull. Acad. Petersb. 6: 233 (1863)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Auriculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia luteola (Rupr.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula macrocarpa Maxim.; Bull. Acad. PEtersb. 12: 68 (1868)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Auriculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula hayaschinei Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 7: 528 (1907)

species :

Primula macrophylla D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 80 (1825)

Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Bamyan, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Parwan); N-Tibet; W-Tibet; Pakistan (Hazara, Chitral, Kurram, Swat, Gilgit, Baltistan, Deosai); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

32 TZK 34 AFG 36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia macrophylla (D.Don) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia pulverea (Fed.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula aitchisonii Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 105 (1905)

= Primula atroviolacea Jacq. ex Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 41 (1844)

= Primula jaeschkeana A.Kern.; Nov. Pl. Sp. Dec. 2: 1 (1870) et ex Kolb, Alpenpflanz. 263 (1890)

= Primula macrophylla subsp. aitchisonii (Pax) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 31 (1928)

= Primula macrophylla subsp. pulverea (Fed.) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 201 (1992)

= Primula macrophylla var. lineariloba (Watt) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 31 (1928)

= Primula meeboldii Pax; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 116 (1906)

= Primula nivalis var. macrophylla (D.Don) Pax & R.Knuth; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 103 (1905)

= Primula pulverea Fed.; Kom., Fl. URSS 18: 727 (1952)

= Primula purpurea Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 311 t. 77 f. 2 (1839)

= Primula stuartii var. lineariloba G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 12 (1882)

= Primula stuartii var. purpurea (Royle) G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 12 (1882)

variant :

var. atra W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 60(2): 289 (1942)

Distribution: S- & SE-Tibet

36 TIB

variant :

var. moorcroftiana (Wall. ex Klatt) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 60: 590 (1942)

Distribution: Afghanistan; China (SW-Xinjiang); W-Tibet; Pakistan (Chitral, Swat, Gilgit, Baltistan, Deosai); Nepal; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula macrophylla subsp. moorcroftiana (Wall. ex Klatt) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 31 (1928)

= Primula moorcroftiana Wall. ex Klatt; J. Bot. 6(64): 120 (1868)

= Primula nivalis var. moorcroftiana (Wall. ex Klatt) Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 207 (1889)

= Primula stuartii var. moorcroftiana (Wall. ex Klatt) Hook.f.; Hook.f. in Hook. f, Fl. Brit. India 3: 490 (1882)

species :

Primula magellanica Lehm.; Monog. Prim. 62. I. 6 (1817)

Name: Primula, oreja de oso [Chile]

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Araucanía, Los Lagos, Aisén, Magallanes); Falkland Isl.

85 ARG CLE 91 FAL

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula decipiens Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 44 (1844)

= Primula farinosa subsp. magellanica (Lehm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

= Primula farinosa var. decipiens (Duby) A.DC.; Géogr. Bot. Raisonée 2: 1049 (1855)

= Primula farinosa var. magellanica (Lehm.) Hook.f.; Bot. Antarct. Voy. I. (Fl. Antarct.). 2: 337, tab. 120 (1846)

= Primula magellanica subsp. decipiens (Duby) A.J.Richards; Primula: 237 (1993)

species :

Primula maguirei L.O.Williams; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 17: 747 (1936)

Name: Maguire´s primrose

Distribution: USA (Utah: Wasatch Mts.)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula cusickiana subsp. maguirei (L.O.Williams) A.J.Richards; Primula: 103 (1993)

= Primula cusickiana var. maguirei (L.O.Williams) N.H.Holmgren & S.Kelso; Brittonia 53(1): 155 (2001)

species :

Primula malacoides Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33(1): 64 (1886)

Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan); Taiwan [I]; India (Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Java [I]; New Zealand [I]; Mexico [I]; Bolivia [I]; Argentina [I]

36 CHI 38 tai 40 IND 42 jaw 51 nzl 79 mex 83 bol 85 arg

Remarks: Sect. Malacoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus malacoides (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula delicata Petitm.; Monde Pl. 10: 7 (1908)

= Primula forbesii subsp. delicata (Petitm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 26 (1928)

= Primula malacoides subsp. pseudomalacoides (L.B.Steward) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 26 (1928)

= Primula pseudomalacoides Steward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 36 (1915)

species :

Primula mallophylla Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 181-182 (1916)

Distribution: China (E-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia mallophylla (Balf.f.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula malvacea Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33(1): 65-66 (1886)

Distribution: China (NW-Sichuan, N-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Malvacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus malvaceus (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula atrotubata W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 33-34 (1923)

= Primula barybotrys Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 60: 116 (1924)

= Primula langkongensis Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 4(19): 216-217, t. 26 (1908)

= Primula malvacea var. alba Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 48 (1923)

= Primula malvacea var. intermedia W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 48 (1923)

species :

Primula marginata Curtis; Bot. Mag.: tab. 191 (1792)

subspecies :

subsp. marginata

Name: Gewelltrandige Primel

Distribution: France; Italy (SW-Alps)

12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Brevibracteatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aretia crenata (Lam.) Link; Handb. 2: 411 (1829)

= Auricula crenata (Lam.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 358 (1838)

= Auricula-ursi marginata (Curtis) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula auricula Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauph. 2: 469 (1787)

= Primula crenata Lam.; Illustr. 1: 429 (1792)

= Primula microcalyx Lehm.; Monog. Prim. 46. t. 4 (1817)

= Primula rheiniana Ingw.; New Fl. & Silva 3: 206 (1931)

subspecies :

subsp. farreri Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 28(44): 40 (2022)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

subspecies :

subsp. gallica Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 29(46): 3 (2022)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

species :

Primula matthioli (L.) V.A.Richt.; Termesz. Fuzet. 17: 34 (1894)

subspecies :

subsp. matthioli

Name: Alpen-Heilglöckchen (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Romania; Bulgaria; Bulgaria; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; China (Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang)

11 AUT CZE GER POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BUL CRO ITA ROM SLV 14 RUS UKR 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cortusa gradissima Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 556 (1866)

= Cortusa matthioli f. moravica Podp.; Sborn. Klubu Prír. v Brne 3: 68 (1921)

= Cortusa matthioli L.; Sp. Pl.: 144 (1753)

= Cortusa matthioli subsp. moravica (Podp.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(2): 77 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Cortusa matthioli var. sibirica (Andrz.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 383 (1891)

= Cortusa matthioli var. tatrensis (Podp.) Pawlowska; Pawl., 53 (1963), nom. inval.

= Primula cortusa Sándor ex V.A.Richt.; Termesz. Füzet. 17: 94 (1894)

subspecies :

subsp. altaica (Losinsk.) Kovt.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 96(7): 962 (2011)

Distribution: E-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan

14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Cortusa altaica Losinsk.; Fl. Yugo- Vost. Evr. Chast. SSSR, Fasc. VI. 29 (1936), rossice

= Cortusa matthioli subsp. altaica (Losinsk.) Korobkov; Arktich. Fl. SSSR 8: 187 (1980)

= Primula losinskajae Chepinoga; Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 127 (2023), nom. nov.

subspecies :

subsp. brotheri (R.Knuth) Kovt.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 96(7): 963 (2011), et Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 44: 155 (2013)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Kyrgyzstan (Tianshan); Tajikistan; ?Afghanistan; China (Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia; ?Pakistan

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI TIB 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Cortusa brotheri (R.Knuth) Losinsk.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 236 (1936)

= Cortusa matthioli f. brotheri (Pax ex Lipsky) R.Knuth; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 221 (1905)

= Primula brotheri (R.Knuth) Sutorý; Acta Mus. Morav., Sci. Biol. 95(2): 72 (2010), nom. inval.

subspecies :

subsp. discolor (Vorosch. & Gorovoj) Kovt.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 96(7): 963 (2011)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye)

31 RFE

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula probatovae Chepinoga; Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 127 (2023), nom. nov.

= Cortusa discolor Vorosch. & Gorovoi; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada, Moskva, No. 75, 40 (1970)

subspecies :

subsp. himalaica (Losinsk.) Kovt.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 44: 156 (2013)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Parwan); Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral, Drosh, Swat, Hazara); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Poonch, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)

34 AFG 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Cortusa himalaica Losinsk.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 238 (1937)

= Cortusa matthioli subsp. hazarica Y.J.Nasir; Fl. Pakistan, 157: 80 (1984)

subspecies :

subsp. iranica (Iranshahr & Wendelbo) comb.ined.

Distribution: Iran (N-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Cortusa matthioli subsp. iranica Iranshahr & Wendelbo; Iranian J. Bot. 1: 58, f. 1 (1976)

subspecies :

subsp. mongolica (Losinsk.) Kovt.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 96(7): 963 (2011)

Distribution: Mongolia

37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Cortusa mongolica Losinsk.; Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS, Ser. I. Fasc. 3, 246 (1937)

subspecies :

subsp. pekinensis (V.A.Richt.) Kovt.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 96(7): 963 (2011)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Gansu, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan)

31 RFE 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cortusa coreana (Nakai) Nakai; Rep. First Sci. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 4: (Index Fl. Jehol.) 90 (1936)

= Cortusa matthioli f. pekinensis V.A.Richt.; Termeszettud. Fuz. 17: 190 (1894)

= Cortusa matthioli subsp. pekinensis (V.A.Richt.) Kitag.; Lin. Fl. Manshur. 351 (1939)

= Cortusa pekinensis (V.A.Richt.) Losinsk.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 250 (1937)

= Primula coreana Nakai; Bot. Mag, Tokyo 28: 330 (1914)

= Primula pekinensis (V.A.Richt.) Chepinoga; Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 127 (2023)

subspecies :

subsp. pubens (Schott, Nyman & Kotschy) Kovt.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 44: 161 (2013)

Distribution: Romania

13 ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Cortusa matthioli f. pubens (Schott, Nyman & Kotschy) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 556 (1866)

= Cortusa matthioli subsp. pubens (Schott) Simonk.; 461 (1887)

= Cortusa pubens Schott, Nyman & Kotschy; Analect. Bot. 17 (1854)

subspecies :

subsp. sachalinensis (Losinsk.) Kovt.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 96(7): 964 (2011)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido)

31 RFE 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cortusa amurensis Fed.; Kom., Fl. URSS 18: 731 (1952)

= Cortusa coreana var. yezoensis (Miyabe & Tatew.) H.Hara; (1948)

= Cortusa jozana Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 185 (1940)

= Cortusa matthioli var. sachalinensis (Losinsk.) T.Yamaz.; Fl. Japan, 3a: 87 (1993)

= Cortusa matthioli var. yezoensis Miyabe & Tatew.

= Cortusa sachalinensis Losinsk.; Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS, Ser. I. Fasc. 3, 248 (1937)

= Cortusa sachalinensis var. amurensis (Fed.) Vorosch.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada (Moscow). 84: 34 (1972)

= Primula shipunovii Chepinoga; Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 128 (2023), nom. nov.

subspecies :

subsp. sibirica (Andrz. ex Besser) Kovt.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 96(7): 964 (2011)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk)

30 SIB 31 RFE

Synonyms: hidden

= Cortusa insularis Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 186 (1940)

= Cortusa jacutica Losinsk.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 241 (1937)

= Cortusa matthioli subsp. sibirica (Andrz. ex Besser) Nyár.; Fl. Republ. Popul. Române 7: 59 (1960)

= Cortusa sibirica Andrz. ex Besser; Flora, 1. Beibl. 1, 22

= Primula kovtonyukiae Chepinoga; Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 127 (2023), nom. nov.

subspecies :

subsp. turkestanica (Losinsk.) Kovt.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 44: 163 (2013)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan (Pamir-Alai, Tianshan); Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Parwan)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG

Synonyms: hidden

= Cortusa matthioli subsp. turkestanica (Losinsk.) Iranshahr & Wendelbo; Iranian J. Bot. 1(1): 58 (1976)

= Cortusa sibirica subsp. turkestanica (Losinsk.) Kamelin; Fl. Ushchel. Reki Varzob 194 (2021)

= Cortusa turkestanica Losinsk.; Flora, 1. Beibl. 1, 22

species :

Primula maximowiczii Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(1): 139 (1874)

Distribution: China (Hebei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi); Mongolia

36 CHI 37 MON

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Maximowiczii

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia maximowiczii (Regel) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula oreocharis Hance; J. Bot. 13(149): 133 (1875)

variant :

var. flaviflorida D.Z.Lu; J. Beijing Forest. Coll. 14(3): 112 (1992)

Distribution: China (Beijing)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula maximowiczii f. flaviflorida (D.Z.Lu) T.J.Feng & Y.F.Hu; J. Hebei Agric. Univ. 17(4): 16 (1994)

species :

Primula mazurenkoae A.P.Khokhr.; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 89(4): 111 (1984)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Magadan)

31 RFE

species :

Primula medogensis W.B.Ju, Bo Xu & X.F.Gao; PhytoKeys 230: 108 (2023)

Distribution: SE-Tibet (Medog)

36 TIB

species :

Primula megalocarpa H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 49(5): 133-134 (1974)

Distribution: E-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula macrophylla var. macrocarpa (G.Watt) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 60: 590 (1942)

= Primula nivalis macrocarpa (Watt) Farrer; Engl. Rock Gard. 2: 161 (1919)

= Primula nivalis var. macrocarpa (Watt) Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 208 (1889)

= Primula stuartii var. macrocarpa G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 20: 12 (1882)

species :

Primula megaseifolia Boiss. & Balansa ex Boiss.; Fl. 4: 26 (1875)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (Adzharia); Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

33 GEO 34 TUR

species :

Primula meiantha Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 28 (1915)

Distribution: Myanmar (Kachin, Shan, Mandalay)

41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula forbesii subsp. meiantha (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 26 (1928)

species :

Primula meiotera (W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher) C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 190, t. 38, f. 5-7 (1990)

Distribution: E-Tibet

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula rhodochroa var. meiotera W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 52(344): 339-340 (1942)

species :

Primula meishanensis K.Huang & Z.X.Fu; PhytoKeys 248: 75 (2024)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula melanantha (Franch.) C.M.Hu; Novon 4(2): 104 (1994)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula nivalis var. melanantha Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 9: 449 (1895)

species :

Primula melanodonta W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(75): 303 (1927)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); India (Arunachal Pradesh); N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 40 IND 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia melanodonta (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula merrilliana Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19(552-555): 384-385 (1924)

Distribution: China (S-Anhui)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Pinnatae

species :

Primula meyeri Rupr.; Bull. Acad. Petersb. 6: 224 (1863)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula amoena subsp. lazica O.Schwarz; Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 17: 317 (1968)

= Primula amoena subsp. meyeri (Rupr.) Valentine & Lamond; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36: 42 (1978)

= Primula amoena subsp. meyeri (Rupr.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 42 (1928)

= Primula amoena var. meyeri (Rupr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4: 26 (1875)

= Primula elatior subsp. meyeri (Rupr.) Valentine & Lamond; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 36: 42 (1978)

species :

Primula mianyangensis G.Hao & C.M.Hu; Phytotaxa 131(1): 49 (2013)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula minima L.; Sp. Pl.: 143 (1753)

Name: Zwerg-Primel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Italy; Slovenia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine

11 AUT CZE GER POL SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL ITA KOS NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 UKR

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Chamaecallis

Synonyms: hidden

= Aretia minima (L.) Link; Handb. 2: 413 (1829)

= Aretia truncata (Lehm.) Link; Handb. 2: 413 (1829)

= Auricula minima (L.) Spach; Hist. Veg. Phan. 9: 360 (1840)

= Auricula villosa Spach; Hist. Veg. Phan. 9: 358 (1840)

= Auricula-ursi minima (L.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Kablikia minima (L.) Opiz; Bercht. & Opiz, Ökon.-Techn. Fl. Bohm. 2(2): 215-216 (1839)

= Kablikia truncata (Lehm.) Opiz; Bercht. & Opiz, Ökon.-Techn. Fl. Bohm. 2(2): 215-216 (1839)

= Primula minima f. alba Bercht. & J.Presl; Bercht. & Opiz, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2(1): 217 (1838)

= Primula minima f. caulescens Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 173 (1827)

= Primula minima f. fimbriata Tausch; L. J. Celakovský, Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 379 (1871)

= Primula minima f. subacaulis Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 173 (1827)

= Primula minima subsp. brevistyla Tausch; 363 (1821)

= Primula minima var. caulescens Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 173 (1827)

= Primula minima var. multidentata Sünd.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 4: 71 (1898)

= Primula minima var. pubescens Bluff & Fingerh.; 254 (1825)

= Primula minima var. subacaulis Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 173 (1827)

= Primula pseudoforsteri Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol. 6: III. 50 (1912)

= Primula sauteri Schultz; Flora 19: 123 (1836)

= Primula truncata Lehm.; Monog. Prim. 87. t. 8 (1817)

species :

Primula minkwitziae W.W.Sm.; Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 18: 181 (1934)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB

Remarks: Sect. Geranioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus minkwitziae (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula drosocalyx Poljakov & Lincz.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 12: 10 (1950)

species :

Primula minor Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 29-31 (1915)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula atuntzuensis Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 4-5 (1920)

= Primula helvenacea Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 23-24 (1915)

= Primula petraea Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 16 (1920)

species :

Primula minutissima Jacq. ex Duby; Mem. Soc. Phys. d´ Hist. Nat. Gene´ve 10: 1, f. 3 (1843)

Distribution: W-Tibet; Pakistan (Baltistan); Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

36 TIB 40 IND NEP PAK

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia heydei (G.Watt) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia minutissima (Jacq. ex Duby) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula heydei G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20(123-124): 5, t. 4 C (1882)

= Primula saundersiana Royle ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 494 (1882)

= Primula stracheyi Hook.f.; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 16: 535 (1879)

species :

Primula mishmiensis Kingdon-Ward; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 44(173): 122-123, 125 (1930)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula calliantha subsp. mishmiensis (Kingdon-Ward) C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 164 (1990)

species :

Primula mistassinica Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 124 (1803)

Name: Mistassini primrose

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Iowa, Illinois, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, Wisconsin)

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia mistassinica (Michx.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula farinosa Nutt.; Gen. 1: 119 (1818), non L.

= Primula farinosa subsp. mistassinica (Michx.) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 85 (1905)

= Primula farinosa var. mistassinica (Michx.) Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 200 (1888)

= Primula intercedens Fernald; Rhodora 30: 86 (1928)

= Primula maccalliana Wiegand; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 339 (1900)

= Primula mistassinica f. intercedens (Fernald) J.Cay.; Nat. Canad., 111(4): 444 (1984)

= Primula mistassinica f. leucantha Fernald; Rhodora 21: 148 (1919)

= Primula mistassinica var. intercedens (Fernald) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 644 (1966)

= Primula mistassinica var. noveboracensis Fernald; Rhodora 30: 91 (1928)

= Primula pusilla Goldie; Edinburgh Philos. J. 6: 322 (1822)

= Primula sibirica var. mistassinica (Michx.) Kurtz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 396 (1894)

species :

Primula miyabeana Ito & Kawak.; Miyabe Festschrift. 1, t. 29 (1911); Craib in Bot. Mag. t. 8603

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia miyabeana (Ito & Kawak.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula modesta Bisset & Moore; J. Bot. 16: 184 (1878)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Sakhalin); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku)

31 RFE 38 JAP KOR

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia sachalinensis (Nakai) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula farinosa subsp. modesta (Bisset & S.Moore) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 190 (1905)

= Primula farinosa var. hannasanensis (T.Yamaz.) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 78: 298 (2003)

= Primula farinosa var. modesta (Bisset & S.Moore) Makino; Ill. Fl. Nippon: 234 (1940)

= Primula modesta var. hannasanensis T.Yamaz.; Fl. Japan, 3a: 92 (1993)

= Primula modesta var. shikoku-montana Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 188 (1940)

= Primula sachalinensis f. albida Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea: 1159 (1996), no type indicated.

= Primula sachalinensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 61 (1932)

variant :

var. fauriei (Franch.) Takeda; Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 37: 88 (1913)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

31 RFE 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula farinosa f. leucantha (H.Hara) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 78: 298 (2003)

= Primula farinosa subsp. fauriei (Franch.) Kitam. & Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 17: 13 (1957)

= Primula farinosa var. fauriei (Franch.) Miyabe; Fl. Kurile Islands: 249 (1890)

= Primula fauriei Franch.; Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, Ser. VII. 10: 146 (1886)

= Primula modesta f. leucantha H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 93 (1948)

= Primula modesta subsp. fauriei (Franch.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 25 (1928)

variant :

var. matsumurae (Petitm.) Takeda; Bot. & Zool. (Tokyo) 4: 185 (1936)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido)

31 RFE 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia matsumurae (Petitm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula farinosa var. matsumurae (Petitm.) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 78(5): 297 (2003)

= Primula matsumurae Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 7: 528 (1907)

variant :

var. samanimontana (Tatew.) Nakai; Veg. Apoi 65 (1930)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula fauriei var. samanimontana Tatew.; Res. Bull. Coll. Exp. Forests Hokkaido Univ. 5: 105 (1928)

species :

Primula mollis Nutt. ex Hook.; Bot. Mag. 80: t. 4798 (1854)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan); Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar (Chin, Kachin)

36 CHI 40 BHU IND 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Cortusoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus mollis (Nutt. ex Hook.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula mollis subsp. seclusa (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 19 (1928)

= Primula seclusa Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 44 (1915)

species :

Primula monticola (Hand.-Mazz.) F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 251 (1990)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula polyphylla var. monticola Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 61: 133 (1924)

species :

Primula morsheadiana Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(72): 70-71 (1926)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia morsheadiana (Ward) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula prenantha subsp. morsheadiana (Kingdon-Ward) F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 126 (1990)

species :

Primula moupinensis Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 33: 67 (1886); et in Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Paris, Ser. II. 10: 57, t. 14, fig. b (1887)

subspecies :

subsp. moupinensis

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

subspecies :

subsp. barkamensis C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 291, 81 (1990)

Distribution: China (NW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula munroi Lindl.; Bot. Reg. pl. 15 (1847)

subspecies :

subsp. munroi

Distribution: S-Tibet; Pakistan (Hazara, Baltistan); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradehs, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Ladakh, Kashmir)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Sibirica

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia involucrata (Wall. ex Duby) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula involucrata var. wallichii Stapf; Bot. Mag. 152: t. 9149 (1928)

= Primula involucrata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7107 (1832) ex Duby, Prodr. 8: 42 (1844) (non Sweet)

= Primula obtusifolia Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 76 (1905)

subspecies :

subsp. schizocalyx Balf.f. ex S.K.Basak & Maiti; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 39(5): 473 (2001)

Distribution: N-India (Sikkim)

40 IND

subspecies :

subsp. yargongensis (Petitm.) D.G.Long; Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(2): 307 (1999)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, N-Yunnan, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet; Bhutan

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula involucrata subsp. yargongensis (Petitm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(76): 24 (1928)

= Primula wardii Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 58-61 (1915)

= Primula yargongensis Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 8(5): 367 (1908)

= Primula yargongensis var. liensis W.P.Fang; Acta Univ. Szechuan 1: 93 (1956)

species :

Primula muscarioides Hemsl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 319 (1907)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia muscarioides (Hemsl.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula tsarongensis Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 22 (1920)

species :

Primula muscoides Hook.f. ex G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20(123-124): 15, t. 4, D (1882)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia muscoides (Hook.f. ex G.Watt) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula nana Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 23 (1824)

Distribution: Nepal; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand); Myanmar (Kachin)

40 IND NEP 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula edgeworthii (Hook.f.) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 41 (1905)

= Primula petiolaris Collett; Fl. Siml. 298 (1902), non Wall.,1826.

= Primula petiolaris var. edgeworthii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3(pt. 9): 493 (1882)

= Primula petiolaris var. nana (Wall.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3: 493 (1882)

= Primula petiolaris var. pulverulenta (Edgew. ex Strachey) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3: 493 (1882)

= Primula pulverulenta Edgew. ex Strachey; List Kumaon PI. 1852, non Duthie 1905.

= Primula saxicola Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 251 (1917)

= Primula winteri W.Watson; Gard. Chron. 1911, Ser. III. 49: 130 (1911)

species :

Primula nanocapitata Balf.f. & W.W.Sm. ex S.K.Basak & Maiti; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 23(3): 699 (1999)

Distribution: N-India (Sikkim)

40 IND

species :

Primula neurocalyx Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 9(23): 449 (1895)

Distribution: China (NW-Hubei, SE-Gansu, E-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula baokongensis F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Tsinling. 1(4): 39, 394 (1983)

= Primula malvacea subsp. rosthornii (Diels) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 54 (1929)

= Primula rosthornii Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 520 (1900)

species :

Primula nevadensis N.H.Holmgren; Madrono 19: 27 (1967)

Name: Nevada primrose

Distribution: USA (Nevada)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula cusickiana subsp. nevadensis (N.H.Holmgren) A.J.Richards; Primula: 103 (1993)

= Primula cusickiana var. nevadensis (N.H.Holmgren) N.H.Holmgren & S.Kelso; Brittonia 53(1): 155 (2001)

species :

Primula nghialoensis D.W.H.Rankin; Curtis´s Bot. Mag. 27(2): 138 (2010)

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Primula ninguida W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(72): 77-78 (1926)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula macrophylla var. ninguida (W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher

species :

Primula nipponica Yatabe; Tokyo Bot. Mag. 4: 3 t. 13-15 (1890); et Icon. Fl. Jap. 1: I. 35, t. 15 (1891)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Remarks: Sect. Cuneifolia

species :

Primula nivalis Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 723 (1776)

subspecies :

subsp. nivalis

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia; N-India (Himachal Pradesh)

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON 40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia nivalis (Pall.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula orientalis Willd.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 4: 785 (1819)

= Primula spathulata Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 310 (1836), nom. nud.

= Primula stuartii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3: 490 (1882), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. subintegerrima (Regel) Vorosch.; Skvortsov (ed.), Florist. Issl. Razn. Raionakh SSSR: 186 (1985)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Tuva); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Magadan); Mongolia

30 SIB 31 RFE 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia xanthobasis (Al.Fed.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148: 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula nivalis subsp. xanthobasis (Al.Fed.) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 204 (1992)

= Primula nivalis var. subintegerrima Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3: 136 (1875)

= Primula xanthobasis Al.Fed.; Kom., Fl. URSS 18: 727 (1952)

= Primula xanthobasis var. efarinosa Malyschev; Spisok Rast. Gerb. Fl. S.S.S.R. Bot. Inst. Vsesojuzn. Akad. Nauk 15: 86 (1963)

subspecies :

subsp. turkestanica (J.N.Haage & E.Schmidt) Kovt.; Rast. Mir Aziatsk. Rossii 8: 43 (2011)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; China (NW-Xinjiang)

32 KAZ KGZ 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula nivalis var. colorata Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3: 136 (1874)

= Primula nivalis var. farinosa Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 22 (1841)

= Primula nivalis var. turkestanica J.N.Haage & E.Schmidt; Gard. Chron., n.s. 8: 809 (1877)

= Primula turkestanica (J.N.Haage & E.Schmidt) E.A.White; Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2808 (1922)

species :

Primula normaniana Kingdon-Ward; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 44(173): 123, 125 (1930)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus normanianus (Kingdon-Ward) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula vaginata subsp. normaniana (Kingdon-Ward) F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 36 (1990)

species :

Primula nutans Georgi; Bemerk. Reise Russ. Reich 1: 200 (1775)

Name: Nickende Primel, Siberian primrose

Distribution: Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; C-European Russia; N-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan); Kazakhstan; China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang); Mongolia; Pakistan (Pamirs, Gilgit, Baltistan); Nepal; NW-India (Ladakh, Rupshu, Zanskar); Alaska; Canada (British Columbia, Yukon)

10 DEN FIN NOR SWE 14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON 40 IND NEP PAK 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Sibirica

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia nutans (Georgi) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148(3-4): 206 (1980)

= Aleuritia nutans subsp. finmarchica (Jacq.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148: 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula finmarchica Wulfen; Misc. Austriac. [Jacq.] 1: 160 (1778)

= Primula finno-marchica Georgi; Beschr. Russ. Reich. III. 4: 764 (1779)

= Primula integrifolia Oeder; Oeder et al., Fl. Dan. 2: t. 188 (1765), nom. illeg.

= Primula intermedia Ledeb.; Mem. Acad. Petersb. 5: 519 (1814), non Sims 1809

= Primula intrusa Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 7: 15 (1829)

= Primula norwegica Retz.; Fl. Scand., ed. 2, 55 (1795)

= Primula nutans subsp. finmarchica (Wulfen) Á.Löve & D.Löve

= Primula rotundifolia Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 223 (1776), nom. subnud.

= Primula siberica var. brevicalyx Trautv.; Mem. Acad. St. Petersburg 5: 519 (1815)

= Primula sibirica Jacq.; Misc. Austriac. 1: 160 (1778)

= Primula sibirica subsp. finnmarchica (Wulfen) Hultén

= Primula sibirica var. arctica (Oeder) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 77 (1905)

= Primula sibirica var. brevicalyx Trautv.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 5: 519 (1815)

= Primula sibirica var. integerrima Hook.; Bot. Mag, f. 3445 (1835)

= Primula sibirica var. integrifolia (Oeder) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 77 (1905)

= Primula sibirica var. kashmiriana Hook.f.; Bot. Mag.: t. 6493 (1880)

species :

Primula nutantiflora Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29(202): 313-314 (1892)

Distribution: China (N-Guizhou, W-Hubei, E-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Yunnanensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula fargesii Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 9(23): 452 (1895)

species :

Primula obconica Hance; J. Bot. 18: 234 (1880)

subspecies :

subsp. obconica

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Taiwan [I]; Java [I]; Mexico [I]; Colombia [I]

36 CHI 38 tai 42 jaw 79 mex 82 clm

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus obconicus (Hance) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula bonatii R.Knuth; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8(179-181): 398 (1910)

= Primula obconica subsp. petitmenginii (Bonati) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 33 (1928)

= Primula petitmenginii Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 466 (1909)

= Primula poculiformis Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. 107 t. 6582 (1881)

subspecies :

subsp. begoniiformis (Petitm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(76): 33 (1928)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, W-Yunnan); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula begoniiformis Petitm.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy, ser. 3, 8: 11 (1907)

subspecies :

subsp. fujianensis C.M.Hu & G.S.He; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 40(6): 551 (2002)

Distribution: China (Fujian)

36 CHI

subspecies :

subsp. nigroglandulosa (W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher) C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 22 (1990)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula obconica var. nigroglandulosa W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61(2): 426 (1946)

subspecies :

subsp. parva (Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(76): 33 (1928)

Distribution: China (C-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula parva Balf.f.; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 39: 142 (1913)

subspecies :

subsp. werringtonensis (Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(76): 33 (1928)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, N-Yunnan); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula obconica var. werringtonensis (Franch.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61(2): 426 (1946)

= Primula werringtonensis Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 55 (1923)

species :

Primula obliqua W.W.Sm.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 26(2): 119-120 (1913)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi, Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

species :

Primula obsessa W.W.Sm.; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61(1): 63 (1943)

Distribution: China (E-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Auriculatae

species :

Primula obtusifolia Royle; Illustr. Bot. Himal. 311. t. 77, f. 1 (1836)

Distribution: Pakistan (Baltistan); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Kunawur, Nubra, Ladakh)

40 IND PAK

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula obtusifolia var. roylei G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20(nos. 123-124): 8 (1882)

= Primula obtusifolia var. roylei Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3(pt. 9): 489 (1882)

= Primula traillii G.Watt; J. Hortic. Soc. Lond. 29: 299 (1904)

= Primula traillii G.Watt ex Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 49 (1915)

species :

Primula occlusa W.W.Sm.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33(3): 263-264 (1942)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Bella

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia occlusa (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula odontica W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(94): 199-200 (1937)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Amethystina

species :

Primula odontocalyx (Franch.) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 41 (1905)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, W-Henan, W-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula hupehensis Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 252 (1917)

= Primula hylophila Balf.f. & Farrer; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 173-175 (1916)

= Primula petiolaris var. odontocalyx Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 9: 449 (1895)

= Primula tenuissima Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 42 (1905)

species :

Primula olgae Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3: 151 (1875)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KGZ TZK UZB

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula auriculata subsp. olgae (Regel) A.J.Richards; Primula: 212 (1993)

= Primula warshenewskiana subsp. olgae (Regel) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 236 (1992)

species :

Primula optata Farrer; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 187-189 (1916)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, E-Qinghai, W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula longipetiolata Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 98 (1921)

= Primula tsiangiae W.P.Fang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Szechuan. 1956: 100 (1956), nom. illeg.

species :

Primula orbicularis Hemsl.; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 39: 290 (1906)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, E-Qinghai, S-Gansu)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ochracea Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 99 (1921)

species :

Primula oreodoxa Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33(1): 66 (1886)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus oreodoxus (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula ovalifolia Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 33: 67 (1886); et in Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Paris, Ser. II. 10: 57 (1887)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Hubei, W-Hunan, C-Sichuan, NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Davidii

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula aequipila Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(54): 169-170 (1919)

= Primula limprichtii Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 94 (1921)

= Primula macropoda Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(54): 176 (1919)

= Primula polia Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(54): 177 (1919)

species :

Primula oxygraphidifolia W.W.Sm. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 50-51 (1923)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Sibirica

species :

Primula palinuri Petagna; Inst. Bot. 2: 332 (1787)

Distribution: SW-Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Euauricula

Synonyms: hidden

= Aretia palinuri (Petagna) Link; Handb. 2: 411 (1829)

= Auricula palinuri (Petagna) Spach; Hist. Veg. Phan. 9: 357 (1840)

= Auricula-ursi palinuri (Petagna) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula palmata Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 61: 132 (1924)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Geranioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus palmatus (Hand.-Mazz.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula pamirica Fed.; Kom., Fl. URSS 18: 724 (1952)

Distribution: ?Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan (Pamir, Tianshan); Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan); Pakistan (Chitral); India (Jammu & Kashmir)

32 KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 40 IND PAK

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Sibirica

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia pamirica (Fed.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula parryi A.Gray; Am. J. Sci. Ser. II. 34: 257 (1862)

Name: Parry´s primrose

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Remarks: Sect. Parryi

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula mucronata Greene; Pittonia 3: 251 (1897)

= Primula mucronata var. arizonica Greene; Pittonia 3: 252 (1897)

= Primula parryi f. mucronata Cockerell; Torreya 15: 204 (1915)

= Primula parryi var. brachyantha Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 302 (1900)

species :

Primula partschiana (Hemsl.) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 45 (1905)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Carolinella

Synonyms: hidden

= Carolinella cordifolia Hemsl.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 28(3): t. 2775 (1902)

= Primula cyclaminifolia Franch. ex Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 7(6): 521-522, 524, f. 1 (1907)

species :

Primula pauliana W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 51-52 (1923)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, N-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Geranioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus paulianus (W.W.Sm. & Forrest) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

variant :

var. huiliensis C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 290, 27 (1990)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula pedemontana Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 91 (1828)

subspecies :

subsp. pedemontana

Name: Piemonteser Primel

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy (SW-Alps)

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Auricula-ursi pedemontana (Thomas ex Gaudin) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula bonjeanii Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 605 (1881)

= Primula latifolia subsp. pedemontana (E.Thomas ex Gaudin) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 197 (1908)

= Primula viscosa subsp. pedemontana (Gaudin) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 569 (1882)

= Primula viscosa subsp. pedemontana Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 206 (1894)

= Primula viscosa var. glandulosa Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 38 (1844)

= Primula viscosa var. pedemontana (E.Thomas ex Gaudin) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 569 (1882)

subspecies :

subsp. iberica Losa & Primula Monts.; Anales Inst. Bot. Cav. 10(2): 482 (1952)

Distribution: NW-Spain (Cordillera Cantábrica)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Auricula-ursi pedemontana subsp. iberica (Losa & P.Monts.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula pelargoniifolia G.Hao, C.M.Hu & Z.Y.Liu; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51(1-2): 125 (2014)

Distribution: China (Chongqing)

36 CHI

species :

Primula pellucida Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 35: 428 (1888)

Distribution: China (S-Sichuan, NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Malacoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula debilis Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41: 464 (1909)

= Primula speluncicola Petitm.; Monde Pl. 7 (1908)

species :

Primula pengzhouensis C.M.Hu, G.Hao & Y.Xu; Pl. Diversity 39(4): 229 (2017)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula persimilis G.Hao, C.M.Hu & Y.Xu; Nordic J. Bot. 34(4): 409 (2016)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Primula petelotii W.W.Sm.; Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 16: 226 (1931)

Distribution: S-China (Yunnan); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Chartacea

species :

Primula petiolaris Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 22 (1824)

Distribution: Nepal; India (Darjeeling, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula chionota var. violacea W.W.Sm.; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh. 61: 294 (1944)

= Primula chionota W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15: 81 (1926)

= Primula cushia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 78 (1825)

= Primula squamosa Klatt ex Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 39 (1905)

= Primula tridentata D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 77 (1825)

species :

Primula petrocallis F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 289, 5 (1990)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula petrocallis var. glabrata C.M.Hu; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 6: 2 (1990)

species :

Primula pingbaensis Na Zhang, X.Q.Jiang & Z.K.Wu; PhytoKeys 221: 87 (2023)

Distribution: China (Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Primula pingguoensis H.S.Ma & B.Pan; Guihaia 44(4): 630 (2024)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Primula pinnata Popov & Fed.; Kom., Fl. URSS 18: 725 (1952)

Distribution: Siberia (Irkutsk)

30 SIB

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia pinnata (Popov & Fed.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula farinosa var. pinnata (Popov & Fed.) M.Ivanova; Fl. Tsentral´noi Sibiri 2: 702 (1979)

species :

Primula pinnatifida Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 271 (1885)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, N-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia mairei (H.Lév.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz.(Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia pinnatifida (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula cephalantha Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 10-11 (1915)

= Primula lepta Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 12 (1920)

= Primula mairei H.Lév.; Monde Pl. 17: 2 (1915)

= Primula pinnatifida subsp. cephalantha (Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 29 (1928)

species :

Primula poissonii Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33(1): 67-68 (1886)

Distribution: China (C-Yunnan, N-Yunnan, W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia poissonii (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1976 publ. 1980)

= Primula oblanceolata Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 148 (1916), nom. nud.

= Primula planiflora Hand.-Mazz.; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 54: 55 (1929)

species :

Primula polonensis Kingdon-Ward; Ann. Bot. 44: 124, 125 (1930)

Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia polonensis (Ward) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula poluninii H.R.Fletcher; J. Roy. Hort. Soc., Lond. 88: 488 (1963)

Distribution: W-Nepal (Sisne Himal)

40 NEP

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

species :

Primula polyneura Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 9(23): 448 (1895)

Distribution: China (SE-Gansu, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Cortusoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus polyneurus (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula cortusoides var. lichiangensis Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 4(19): 217-218, t. 27 (1908)

= Primula hymenophylla Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 11 (1920)

= Primula lichiangensis (Forrest) Forrest; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 50: 473 (1911)

= Primula lichiangensis var. halapa Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 47 (1923)

= Primula polyneura subsp. hymenophylla (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 19 (1928)

= Primula polyneura subsp. lichiangensis (Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 19 (1928)

= Primula polyneura subsp. sataniensis (Balf.f. & Farrer) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 19 (1928)

= Primula polyneura subsp. sikuensis (Balf.f. & Farrer) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 19 (1928)

= Primula polyneura subsp. veitchii (Duthie) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 19 (1928)

= Primula sataniensis Balf.f. & Farrer; Notes Bot. Gard Edin. 13: 18 (1920)

= Primula sikuensis Balf.f. & Farrer; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 18-19 (1920)

= Primula silvia Farrer; Eaves of the World 1: 217 (1917)

= Primula veitchii Duthie; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 37: 344 (1905)

species :

Primula praeflorens F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 6: 10 (1990)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula praenitens Ker Gawl.; Bot. Reg. 7: t. 539 (1821)

Name: Chinesenprimel, Chinese primrose

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan); Java [I]; Mexico [I]

36 CHI 42 jaw 79 mex

Remarks: Sect. Sinensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus praenitens (Ker Gawl.) Link; Handbuch 1: 415 (1829)

= Auganthus sinensis (Lindl.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Oscaria chinensis Lilja; Bot. Not. 39 (1839)

= Primula mandarina Hoffm.; Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 194 (1835)

= Primula semperflorens Loisel. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 396 (1841), nom. inval.

= Primula sertulosa J. Kickx f.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 31 (1826)

= Primula sinensis Sabine ex Lindl.; Coll. Bot. t. 7 (1821)

= Primula sinensis var. carminata J.Dix; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 289 (1860)

= Primula sinensis var. filicifolia J.Dix; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 477 (1861)

= Primula sinensis var. fimbriata Lem.; Herb. Gén. Amat., sér. 2,1849-1850: 21 (1849)

= Primula sinensis var. striata J.Dix; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 475 (1861)

= Primulidium sinense (Sabine ex Lindl.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Veg. 9: 355 (1840)

species :

Primula praetermissa W.W.Sm.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33(2): 117-118 (1941)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia praetermissa (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula prenantha Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Bot. Gard Edin. 9: 191 (1916)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia microloma (Hand.-Mazz.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia prenantha (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula microloma Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 61: 134 (1924 publ. 1925)

= Primula prenantha var. microloma (Hand.-Mazz.) A.J.Richards; Primula: 200 (1993)

species :

Primula prevernalis F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 291, 80 (1990)

Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula primulina (Spreng.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 37(4): 99 (1962)

Distribution: China (Sichuan); S-Tibet; Pakistan (Karakorum); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Sikkim, Chumbi, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Bella

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia pusilla (Wall.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Androsace primulina Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 4(2): 57 (1827)

= Androsace primuloides D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 81 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Primula humilis Steud.; Nom., ed. 2, 2: 395 (1841)

= Primula pusilla var. flabellata W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(93): 173 (1936)

= Primula pusilla Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 22 (1824), nom. illeg.

species :

Primula prolifera Wall.; As. Res. 13: 372 (1820)

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); Tibet; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya); Myanmar (Kachin); Sumatra; Java

36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 MYA 42 JAW SUM

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia imperialis (Jungh.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia prolifera (Wall.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Cankrienia chrysantha de Vriese; Jaarb. Nederl. Maatsch. Tuinb. 30 (1850)

= Primula imperialis Jungh.; Hoev. & de Vriese, Tijdschr. 7: 298 (1840)

= Primula prolifera var. gracilis Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 124 (1905)

= Primula sumatrana Merr.; Not. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. No. 47, 6 (1940)

species :

Primula pseudodenticulata Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 91 (1905)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Denticulata

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula auriculata var. polyphylla Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 271 (1885)

= Primula denticulata subsp. stolonifera (Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 21 (1928)

= Primula polyphylla (Franch.) Petitm.; Monde Pl. 10(49): 6 (1908)

= Primula pseudodenticulata subsp. polyphylla (Franch.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 22 (1928)

= Primula pseudodenticulata var. monticola Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 744 (1936)

= Primula stolonifera Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 47-48 (1915)

species :

Primula pseudoelatior Kuzn.; Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Jurevsk. Univ. 1: 68 (1900)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; NE-Turkey

33 GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula elatior subsp. pseudoelatior (Kuzn.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 42 (1928)

= Primula pallasii subsp. pseudoelatior (Kusn.) Hesl.-Harr.; Trans. N. Naturalists´ Union 1: 49 (1931)

species :

Primula pskemensis Lazkov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 36: 36 (2004)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan

32 KGZ UZB

species :

Primula pulchella Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 35: (1888); et in J. Linn. Soc. 26: 41 (1889)

subspecies :

subsp. pulchella

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Pulchella

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia pulchella (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula compsantha Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 13-14 (1915)

= Primula pulchella subsp. compsantha (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 32 (1928)

= Primula pulchelloides Kingdon-Ward in Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 38-39 (1915)

= Primula sulphurea var. rosea Pax & K.Hoffm.

subspecies :

subsp. prattii (Hemsl.) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 268 (1992)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan); India (Uttarakhand)

36 CHI 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula prattii Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29(202): 314 (1892)

= Primula sulphurea Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 96 (1921), nom. illeg.

species :

Primula pulchra G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc. 20: 3 (1882)

Distribution: W-Nepal; N-India (Sikkim, Jammu & Kashmir, West Bengal)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Tongolensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula dyeriana G.Watt; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 29: 300 (1904)

species :

Primula pullulatrix O.Schwarz; Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena 21(5-6): 958 (1972)

Distribution: Afghanistan

34 AFG

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Sibirica

species :

Primula pulverulenta Duthie; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 38: 259 (1905)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia pulverulenta (Duthie) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1976 publ. 1980)

= Primula japonica f. robusta Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 313 (1892)

= Primula shihmienensis W.P.Fang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Szechuan. 1956(1): 103 (1956)

species :

Primula pumilio Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 27(4): 498-499 (1881)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Qinghai); Tibet; N-India (Chumbi, Uttarakhand)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Sibirica

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia pumilio (Maxim.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula pygmaeorum Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 17 (1920)

species :

Primula purdomii Craib; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 53: 192 (1913)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, SE-Qinghai, NW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

species :

Primula pycnoloba Bureau & Franch.; Morot, J. de Bot. 5: 99 (1891)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Pycnoloba

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus pycnolobus (Bureau & Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula qiandaoensis Wei Zhang bis & J.W.Shao; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 186-107840: 11 (2023)

Distribution: China (Zhejiang)

36 CHI

species :

Primula qinghaiensis F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 294, 200 (1990)

Distribution: China (S-Qinghai)

36 CHI

species :

Primula qiupuensis J.W.Shao; Phytotaxa 441(2): 177 (2020)

Distribution: China (Anhui)

36 CHI

species :

Primula ramzanae W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; J. Roy. Hort. Soc., Lond. 79: 358 (1954)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

species :

Primula recubariensis Prosser & Scorteg.; Willdenowia 28(1-2): 28 (1998)

Distribution: N-Italy (S-Alps: around Lake Garda)

13 ITA

species :

Primula reflexa Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. 8: 367 (1908)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula reidii Duthie; Report Saharamp. Bot. Gard. for 1885; in Gard. Chron. (1886) 1. 277, in nota, et (1886) 2: 691 fig. 131; Hook.f. in Bot. Mag. (1887) t. 6961

Distribution: Nepal; NW-India (Garhwal, Kumaon, Poonch, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula reidii var. williamsii Ludlow; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 80: 428 (1955)

species :

Primula reinii Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 428 (1877)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Izu Isl.)

38 JAP

Remarks: Sect. Reinii

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula hakonensis Nakai; Sjokubutugaku Sensju, 29 (1950)

= Primula hisauchii Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 187 (1940)

= Primula okamotoi Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 53 (1923)

= Primula reinii f. albiflora Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 1: 20 (1917)

= Primula reinii var. okamotoi (Koidz.) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 17: 13 (1957)

variant :

var. kitadakensis (H.Hara) Ohwi; Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 82 (1953)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula kitadakensis H.Hara; Ic. Pl. As. Or. 1: 42 (1936)

variant :

var. myogiensis H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 30: 326 (1955)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

variant :

var. rhodotricha (Nakai & Maek.) Ohwi; Fl. Jap. Engl. ed. 1065 (1965)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula rhodotricha Nakai & Maek.; Sjokubutugaku Sensju, 29 (1950)

= Primula tosaensis var. rhodotricha (Nakai & F.Maek.) Ohwi; J. Jap. Bot. 29: 365 (1954)

species :

Primula renifolia Volgunov; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 8: 111 (1940)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Primula repentina O.Schwarz; Wiss. Zeitschr. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Mat. Naturwiss. (Beitr. Phytotax., 3), 21(5-6): 958 (1972)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

Remarks: Sect. Vernales

species :

Primula reptans Hook.f. ex G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc. 20: 14; et Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 494 (1882)

Distribution: Pakistan (Gilgit, Baltistan, Deosai, Hazara); Nepal; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP PAK

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia reptans (Hook.f. ex G.Watt) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula reticulata Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 21 (1824)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, West Bengal)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Sikkimensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia didyma (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Aleuritia reticulata (Wall.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula altissima D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 78 (1825)

= Primula didyma W.W.Sm.; Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 16: 228 (1931)

= Primula reticulata var. didyma (W.W.Sm.) A.J.Richards; Primula: 210 (1993)

= Primula speciosa D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 78 (1825)

species :

Primula rhodochroa W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(72): 75 (1926)

Distribution: E-Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia rhodochroa (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

variant :

var. geraldinae (W.W.Sm.) F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 189 (1990)

Distribution: E-Tibet

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia geraldinae (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula geraldinae W.W.Sm.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33(2): 116-117 (1941)

species :

Primula rimicola W.W.Sm.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33(2): 118-119 (1941)

Distribution: S-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia rimicola (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula rockii W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(79): 224-225 (1932)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Bullatae

species :

Primula rosea Royle; Illustr. Bot. Himal. 311. t. 75, f. 1 (1836)

Distribution: Pakistan (Chitral, Dir, Swat, Hazara, Gilgit, Astor); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)

40 IND PAK

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Auriculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia rosea (Royle) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula elegans Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 42 (1844)

= Primula rosea subsp. elegans (Duby) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 25 (1928)

= Primula rosea var. elegans (Duby) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3: 489 (1882)

species :

Primula rotundifolia Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 18-19 (1824)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)

36 TIB 40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Rotundifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia rotundifolia (Wall.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula cardiophylla Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 152-155 (1916)

= Primula cordata Balf.f. ex W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 38 (1928)

= Primula cordifolia Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 216 (1888), nom. illeg.

= Primula odontophylla Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7016 (1832), nom. inval.

= Primula rotundifolia Wall. ex Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 18 (1824)

= Primula roxburghii N.P.Balakr.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 67: 63 (1970) (nom. superfl.)

species :

Primula rubicunda H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 35(2): 192-193 (1950)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

species :

Primula rubifolia C.M.Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26(4): 307-309, f. 2 (1988)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula rugosa N.P.Balakr.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 67: 63 (1970)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Carolinella

Synonyms: hidden

= Carolinella obovata Hemsl.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 28(3): t. 2775 (1903)

= Primula obovata (Hemsl.) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 47 (1905)

species :

Primula runcinata C.M.Hu; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(2): 329-331, f. 2 (1983)

Distribution: China (N-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula rupestris Balf.f. & Farrer; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 27: 240-243 (1918)

Distribution: China (W-Hubei, S-Shaanxi)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Sinensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula calciphila Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 101 (1923)

species :

Primula rupicola Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 41-42 (1915)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Souliei

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia rupicola (Balf.f. & Forrest) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 206 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula rupicola var. albicolor W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher

species :

Primula ruprechtii Kusnezowa ex Lipsky; Act. Hort. Tiflis 4: 386 (1899)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula amoena var. flava Rupr.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 6: 223 (1863)

= Primula elatior subsp. ruprechtii (Kusn.) Hesl.-Harr.; Trans. N. Naturalists´ Union 1: 49 (1931)

= Primula leucophylla subsp. ruprechtii (Kusn.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 42 (1928)

= Primula ruprechtii Kusnezowa; Trav. Soc. Nat Petersb. Bot. 31: (Fl. Caucasus Crit. 1: 64) (1901)

species :

Primula rusbyi Greene; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 8: 122 (1881)

Name: Rusby´s primrose

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Sect. Parryi

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ellisiae Pollard & Cockerell; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 178 (1902)

= Primula rusbyi var. ellisiae (Pollard & Cockerell) L.O.Williams; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 17: 744 (1936)

= Primula serra Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 319 (1898)

species :

Primula russeola Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 17-18 (1920)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ionantha Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 97 (1921)

= Primula lancifolia Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 97 (1921)

= Primula russeola subsp. lancifolia (Pax & K.Hoffm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 32 (1928)

species :

Primula sandemaniana W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(95): 314 (1938)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

species :

Primula sapphirina Hook.f. & Thomson; Fl. Brit. India 3(9): 492 (1882)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

species :

Primula saturata W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34(1): 129-131 (1944)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Malvacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus saturatus (W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula saxatilis Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 18(3): 429 (1901)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Shanxi); North Korea

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 NKO

Remarks: Sect. Cortusoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus saxatilis (Kom.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula scandinavica Bruun; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 32: 248 (1938)

Name: Skandinavische Primel

Distribution: Norway; Sweden; N-European Russia

10 NOR SWE 14 RUS

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia scandinavica (Bruun) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula scapigera (Hook.f.) Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6(26-30): 254. 1911-1917

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal)

36 TIB 40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula petiolaris var. scapigera Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3(9): 494 (1882)

species :

Primula schlagintweitiana Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 91 (1905)

Distribution: Pakistan (Hazara, Baltistan, Karakorum, Hunza); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)

40 IND PAK

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

species :

Primula sciophila Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 43 (1915)

Distribution: Myanmar

41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula bella subsp. sciophila (Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 15 (1928)

species :

Primula scopulicola G.Hao, C.M.Hu & Y.Xu; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 53(5-6): 277 (2016)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula scotica Hook.; Fl. Lond. I. 133 (1821)

Name: Schottische Primel, Scottish primrose

Distribution: England (N-Scotland)

10 GRB

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia scotica (Hook.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula farinosa subsp. scotica (Hook.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

species :

Primula secundiflora Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 267 (1885)

Distribution: China (E-Qinghai, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: Sect. Sikkimensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia secundiflora (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula vittata Bureau & Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 5(6): 96-97 (1891)

species :

Primula septemloba Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 265 (1885)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND

Remarks: Sect. Geranioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula septemloba var. minor Kingdon-Ward; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 44: 123 (1930)

species :

Primula serrata Georgi; Bemerk. einer Reise Russ. Reich. 1: 201 (1775)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Magadan); Mongolia

30 SIB 31 RFE 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia gigantea (Jacq.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148: 204 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula davurica Spreng.; Gartenzeitung (Halle) 1: 113 (1804)

= Primula farinosa subsp. davurica (Spreng.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

= Primula farinosa var. denudata W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 586 (1837)

= Primula farinosa var. intermedia (Sims) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 86 (1905)

= Primula gigantea Jacq.; Misc. Austriac. 1: 160 (1779)

= Primula intermedia Sims; Bot. Mag. t. 1219 (1809)

= Primula minuta Banks ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 4: 152 (1819)

species :

Primula serratifolia Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 267 (1885)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia serratifolia (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula biserrata Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 4(19): 230-231, t. 41 (1908)

species :

Primula sertulum Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 9(23): 451 (1895)

Distribution: China (E-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Auriculatae

species :

Primula sessilis Royle ex Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 256 (1917)

Distribution: Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

species :

Primula sharmae H.R.Fletcher; Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 33: 119 (1941)

Distribution: Nepal; India (Nagaland)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

species :

Primula sherriffiae W.W.Sm.; New Fl. & Silva 8: 131 (1936)

Distribution: Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh)

40 BHU IND

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula sherriffii Hort.; ex Gard. Chron., Ser. III. 98: 312 (1935)

variant :

var. ludlowii (Sm.) A.J.Richards; Primula: 278 (1993)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ludlowii W.W.Sm.; Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 19: 172 (1936)

species :

Primula shimokitana Mas.Yamam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 75(2): 46 (2024)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Primula siamensis Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 238 (1922)

Distribution: N-Thailand

41 THA

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

species :

Primula sieboldii É.Morren; Belgique Hort. 23: 97 (1873)

Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu)

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Remarks: Sect. Cortusoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus sieboldii (É.Morren) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula cortusoides f. patens (Turcz.) Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 103 (1861)

= Primula cortusoides var. amoena Lindl.; Gard. Chron. 1862: 1218 (1862)

= Primula cortusoides var. grandiflora Lem.; Ill. Hort. 1869: t. 599 (1869)

= Primula cortusoides var. patens Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 22(II): 291 (1849)

= Primula cortusoides var. sieboldii (É.Morren) G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 3: 219 (1886)

= Primula cortusoides var. striata Lindl.; Gard. Chron. 1862: 1218 (1862)

= Primula gracilis Stein; Index Seminum (WROCL, Wratislaviensi) 1881: ? (1881)

= Primula patens (Turcz.) Turcz. ex E.A.Busch; Fl. Sibir. Orient. Extremi 4(65): 17 (1925), nom. illeg.

= Primula sieboldii f. albiflora Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea: 1159 (1996), no type indicated.

= Primula sieboldii f. hortensis H.Takeda; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 84 (1913)

= Primula sieboldii f. patens (Turcz.) Kitag.; Lin. Fl. Manshur. 353 (1939)

= Primula sieboldii f. spontanea H.Takeda; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 84 (1913)

= Primula sieboldii var. alba É.Morren; Ann. Hort. Belge Étrangère 23: 97 (1873)

= Primula sieboldii var. amoena (Lindl.); Ann. Hort. Belge Étrangère 23: 97 (1873)

= Primula sieboldii var. grandiflora É.Morren; Ann. Hort. Belge Étrangère 23: 97 (1873)

= Primula sieboldii var. lilacina É.Morren; Ann. Hort. Belge Étrangère 23: 97 (1873)

= Primula sieboldii var. patens (Turcz.) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 507 (1979)

= Primula sieboldii var. striata (Lindl.) É.Morren; Ann. Hort. Belge Étrangère 23: 97 (1873)

species :

Primula sikkimensis Hook.; Bot. Mag. 77: t. 4597 (1851)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal); NW-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Sikkimensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia sikkimensis (Hook.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula hopeana Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 27: 236 (1918)

= Primula ioessa var. hopeana (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) A.J.Richards; Primula 238 (2002)

= Primula microdonta f. micromeres W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(72): 86 (1926)

= Primula microdonta Franch. ex Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 7(6): 526, f. 3-I (1907)

= Primula penduliflora A.Kern. ex Kolb; Alpenpfl.: 252 (1890)

= Primula pseudosikkimensis Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 52 (1923)

= Primula sikkimensis subsp. hopeana (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 39 (1928)

= Primula sikkimensis subsp. pseudosikkimensis (Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 39 (1928)

= Primula sikkimensis var. hookeri Stapf; Bot. Mag., sub, f (9276 publ. 1932)

= Primula sikkimensis var. hopeana (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 453 (1943)

= Primula sikkimensis var. lorifolia W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(95): 313 (1938)

= Primula sikkimensis var. pseudosikkimensis (Forrest) A.J.Richards; Primula: 205 (1993)

variant :

var. pudibunda (W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33(4): 454-455 (1943)

Distribution: Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim)

40 BHU IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula pudibunda W.W.Sm.; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 6(2): 38-39 (1913)

= Primula sikkimensis subsp. pudibunda (W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 39 (1928)

species :

Primula silaensis Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 7(6): 524, f. 3-III (1907)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh); NE-Myanmar

36 CHI 40 IND 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Amethystina

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia silaensis (Petitm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula sinoexscapa C.M.Hu; J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 8(3): 214 (2000), nom. nov.

Distribution: China (C-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula exscapa F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 293, 109 (1990)

species :

Primula sinohumilis G.Hao & C.M.Hu; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 58: 13 (2020), nom. nov.

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Souliei

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula brevis A.J.Richards; Primula: 247 (1993), nom. nov.

= Primula humilis Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 94 (1921). 17: 94 (1921)

= Primula souliei subsp. humilis (Pax & K.Hoffm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 41 (1928)

species :

Primula sinolisteri Balf.f.; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 26(4): 330-332, t. 47 (1915)

Distribution: China (C-Yunnan, W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula obconica subsp. sinolisteri (Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(76): 33 (1928)

variant :

var. aspera W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61(2): 428 (1946)

Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. longicalyx D.W.Xue & C.Q.Zhang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 42(3): 263 (2004)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula sinomollis Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 44-45 (1915)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula cinerascens subsp. sinomollis (Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 19 (1928)

= Primula cinerascens subsp. sylvicola (Hutch.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 19 (1928)

= Primula sinomollis var. alba Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 45 (1915)

= Primula sylvicola Hutch.; Bot. Mag. 144: 8762 (1918)

species :

Primula sinoplantaginea Balf.f.; Journ Roy. Hort. Soc., Lond. 39: 135, 160 (1913), et Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13: 20 (1920)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula chionantha subsp. sinoplantaginea (Balf.f.) A.J.Richards; Primula: 172 (1993)

= Primula sinoplantaginea var. fengxiangiana W.L.Zheng; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 20(3): 275 (1998)

species :

Primula sinuata Franch.; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1(2): 65 (1895)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NE-Yunnan, WC-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula candidissima W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(75): 250 (1927)

= Primula nemoralis Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 31 (1915)

= Primula plebeia Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 190-191 (1916)

= Primula ragotiana H.Lév.; Monde Pl. 17: 2 (1915)

species :

Primula siphonantha W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15: 303 (1927)

Distribution: SE-Tibet (Seinghku Mts.); N-Myanmar

36 TIB 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

species :

Primula smithiana Craib; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 39: 190 (1913)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Chumbi)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia smithiana (Craib) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula soldanelloides G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc. 20: 10 (1882); et ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 493

Distribution: Tibet (Kanko Lanzarote); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

species :

Primula sonchifolia Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 32: 266 (1885)

subspecies :

subsp. sonchifolia

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula drymophila Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(54): 170-171 (1919)

= Primula gratissima Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 4(19): 219-220, t. 30B, 31 (1908)

= Primula sonchifolia var. atrocoerulea Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(75): 255 (1927)

= Primula taraxacoides Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 49 (1915)

subspecies :

subsp. emeiensis C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 292, 96 (1990)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula soongii F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 293, 167 (1990)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula sorachiana Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 13: 2 (1933)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula sorachiana f. candida H.Nakai & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 72: 62 (1997)

= Primula yuparensis var. sorachiana (Miyabe & Tatew.) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 262 (1992)

species :

Primula souliei Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 9(23): 450-451 (1895)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Souliei

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia souliei (Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula legendrei Bonati; Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve 5: 297 (1914)

= Primula parvula Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 93 (1921)

= Primula souliei subsp. humilis W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 41 (1928)

= Primula souliei subsp. legendrei (Bonati) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 41 (1928)

species :

Primula spathulifolia Craib; J. Roy. Hort. Soc., Lond. 39: 190 (1913)

Distribution: Nepal; N-India (Sikkim)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia spathulifolia (Craib) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula melichlora Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 29 (1915)

= Primula minutissima var. spathulata Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3: 494 (1882)

= Primula spathulifolia subsp. melichlora (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 28 (1928)

species :

Primula spectabilis Tratt.; Ausgem. Taf. Arch. Gewächsk. 4: 34 (1814)

Name: Pracht-Primel (DE)

Distribution: N-Italy (S-Alps)

13 ITA

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Erythrodrosum

Synonyms: hidden

= Aretia glaucescens Link; Handbuch 2: 412 (1831)

= Aretia spectabilis (Tratt.) Link; Handb. 2: 412 (1829)

= Auricula-ursi spectabilis (Tratt.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula baldensis Goiran ex Caruel; Parl. Fl. Ital. 8: 641 (1889)

= Primula calycina Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 32 (1823)

= Primula parlatorei Porta ex Caruel; Parl., Fl. Ital. 8: 641 (1889)

= Primula polliniana Moretti; Primul. Ital. 12 (1831)

= Primula spectabilis f. uniflora Dalla Torre; Veröff. Mus. Ferdinandeum 7: 69 (1927)

= Primula spectabilis var. baldensis Goiran ex Caruel; Parl., Fl. Ital. 8: 641 (1889)

= Primula spectabilis var. denticulata W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 389 (1837)

= Primula spectabilis var. parlatorei (Porta ex Caruel) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital., ed. 2: 451 (1894)

species :

Primula specuicola Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 461 (1913)

Name: Cavedwelling primrose

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Utah)

76 USA

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula farinosa subsp. specuicola (Rydb.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

= Primula hunnewellii Fernald; Rhodora 36: 117 (1934)

species :

Primula spicata Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 269-270 (1885)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula balfourii H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 212 (1917)

= Primula delicata Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 4(19): 222-223, t. 29A (1908), nom. illeg.

= Primula delicatula Dunn; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 480 (1911) (nom. nov.)

species :

Primula stenocalyx Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 27(4): 498 (1881)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, E-Qinghai, W-Sichuan); NE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia leptopoda (Bureau & Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 205 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula biondiana Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 7: 963 (1907)

= Primula borealis var. loczyi (Kanitz) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 81 (1905)

= Primula cognata Duthie; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 39: 358 (1906)

= Primula kanseana Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 96 (1921)

= Primula leptopoda Bureau & Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 5(6): 97 (1891)

= Primula loczyi Kanitz; Növényt. Gyujtesek Eredm. Grof Szechenyi Bela Keletazsiai Utjabol: 36 (1891)

= Primula stenocalyx var. luteofarinosa W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(79): 225 (1931)

species :

Primula stenodonta Balf.f. ex W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33(2): 120-121 (1941)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

species :

Primula stirtoniana G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc. 20 (1882): 15; et ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 495

Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim)

40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia stirtoniana (G.Watt)Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula stricta Hornem.; Fl. Dan. t. 1385 (1810)

Name: Steife Primel, Strict primrose

Distribution: Iceland; Norway; Sweden; Finland; N-European Russia; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol); Mongolia; Greenland; Canada (Labrador, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Québec)

10 FIN ICE NOR SWE 14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON 70 CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia stricta (Hornem.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Androsace farinosa var. stricta (Hornem.) Roth; Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 611 (1827)

= Androsace stricta Hartm. ex Duby; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 44 (1844), pro syn.

= Primula farinosa subsp. hornemanniana (Lehm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 24 (1928)

= Primula farinosa var. hornemanniana (Lehm.) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 84 (1905)

= Primula farinosa var. stricta (Hornem.) Wahlenb.; Fl. Lapponica: 60 (1812)

= Primula glabrescens (F.Nyl. ex Nyl. & Saell.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2(1): 261 (1889), nom. illeg.

= Primula hornemanniana Lehm.; Monog. Prim. 55. t. 4 (1817)

= Primula stricta var. glabrescens F.Nyl. ex Nyl. & Saell.; Herb. Mus. Fenn.: 32 (1859)

species :

Primula strumosa Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(43): 201-202 (1916)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula calderiana subsp. strumosa (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) A.J.Richards; J. Scott. Rock Gard. Club 15: 211 (1977)

= Primula calderiana var. strumosa (Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper) S.K.Basak, Maiti & Hajra; Gen. Primula India 219 (2014)

= Primula strumosa var. tenuipes C.M.Hu; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 6: 7-8 (1990)

species :

Primula stuartii Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 20 (1824)

Distribution: Nepal; NW-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia stuartii (Wall.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula subularia W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(94): 204 (1937)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia subularia (W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula suffrutescens A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 371 (1868)

Name: Sierra primrose

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Remarks: Sect. Cuneifolia

species :

Primula sugongii J.D.Ya, B.Yang bis & Y.H.Tan; Taiwania 68(2): 232 (2023)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula sunhangii T.Deng, D.G.Zhang & Jiao Sun; PhytoKeys 156: 106, figs. 1-3 (2020)

Distribution: China (Hubei)

36 CHI

species :

Primula surculosa Y.Xu & G.Hao; PhytoKeys 212: 30, figs. 1-2 (2022)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula szechuanica Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 106 (1905)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Maximowiczii

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia szechuanica (Pax) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula declinis Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 9 (1920)

= Primula decurva Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 9 (1920)

= Primula gagnepainiana Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 40: 98 (1923 publ. 1924)

species :

Primula takedana Tatew.; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 29 (1928)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

Remarks: Sect. Reinii

species :

Primula taliensis Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 4(19): 220, t. 32 (1908)

subspecies :

subsp. taliensis

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan); N-Myanmar

36 CHI 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula euosma var. puralba W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15(75): 250-251 (1927)

= Primula praticola Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11(54): 178 (1919)

subspecies :

subsp. procera C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 291, 76 (1990)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula tangutica Duthie; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 38: 42 (1905)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, E-Qinghai, Sichuan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Maximowiczii

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula tangutica Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 108 (1905)

= Primula tangutica var. serrata W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher

= Primula silenantha Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 98 (1921)

variant :

var. flavescens F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(3): 384 (1980)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

species :

Primula tanneri King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 55(2): 227 t. 8 (1886 publ. 1887)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Griffithii

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula tanneri var. peralata (W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher) S.K.Basak & Maiti; Gen. Primula India 236 (2014)

= Primula strumosa var. peralata W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 61: 305 (1944)

variant :

var. nepalensis (W.W.Sm.) S.K.Basak & Maiti; Gen. Primula India 235 (2014)

Distribution: Nepal; C-Bhutan

40 BHU NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula nepalensis W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 228 (1931), nom. illeg.

= Primula tanneri subsp. nepalensis (Sm.) A.J.Richards; J. Scott. Rock Gard. Club 15(3): 209 (1977)

species :

Primula tanupoda Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 48-49 (1915)

Distribution: ?Tibet; India (Uttarakhand)

40 IND

species :

Primula tardiflora (C.M.Hu) C.M.Hu; Novon 4(2): 104 (1994)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ovalifolia subsp. tardiflora C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 292, 101 (1990)

species :

Primula tayloriana H.R.Fletcher; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 74: 210 (1949)

subspecies :

subsp. tayloriana

Distribution: E-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

subspecies :

subsp. scopulorum (Balf.f. & Farrer) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 261 (1992)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, S-Shaanxi, NE-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula scopulorum Balf.f. & Farrer; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 42: 92 (1916)

species :

Primula tenella King ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 3(9): 492 (1882)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Bhutan; N-India (Chumbi)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia tenella (King ex Hook.f.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula rebeccae A.J.Richards; Plantsman n. s. 3(1): 54 (2004)

species :

Primula tenuiloba (G.Watt) Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10(3): 204 (1888)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia tenuiloba (Hook.f. ex G.Watt) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula bella subsp. indobella (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 15 (1928)

= Primula indobella Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 24-25 (1915)

= Primula muscoides var. tenuiloba G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20(123-124): 15, t. 13, A (1882)

species :

Primula tenuipes F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 294, 201 (1990)

Distribution: China (NW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula tenuituba C.M.Hu & Y.Y.Geng; Novon 13(2): 199 (2003)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula thearosa Kingdon-Ward; Field Notes Trees, Shrubs & Pl., 14 (1927 publ. 1926)

Distribution: N-Myanmar

41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula agleniana var. thearosa (Kingdon-Ward) Kingdon-Ward; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 44: 122 (1930)

species :

Primula tibetica G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20(123-124): 6-7, t. 11 A (1882)

Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Uttarakhand)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Sibirica

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia tibetica (G.Watt) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula tongolensis Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 9(24): 453 (1895)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Tongolensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula dielsii Petitm.; Monde des Plantes 15 (1907 publ. 1908)

= Primula gentianoides W.W.Sm. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 42-43 (1923)

species :

Primula tosaensis Yatabe; Tokyo Bot. Mag. 4: 1 t. 44 (1890); et Icon. Fl. Jap. 1: I. 31 t.12 (1891)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP

Remarks: Sect. Reinii

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula tosaensis f. albiflora Mizuno; J. Jap. Bot. 36: 255 (1961)

variant :

var. brachycarpa (H.Hara) Ohwi; Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 82 (1953)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula reinii var. ovalifolia Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 83 (1953)

= Primula senanensis Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 54 (1923)

= Primula tosaensis f. brachycarpa H.Hara; Iconogr. Pl. Asiae Orient. 1: 75, t. 36 (1936)

species :

Primula tournefortii Rupr.; Bull. Acad. Petersb. 6: 230 (1863)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula auriculata f. tournefortii (Rupr.) Kusn.; Fl. Caucas. Crit. 4(1): 108 (1901)

= Primula auriculata subsp. tournefortii (Rupr.) A.J.Richards; Primula: 212 (1993)

species :

Primula tridentifera F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 292, 108 (1990)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula triloba Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 21-22 (1920)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Dryadifolia

species :

Primula tsaiana G.Hao & Y.Xu; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 59(1): 112 (2022)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula tsariensis W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(94): 211-213 (1937)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; Bhutan

36 TIB 40 BHU

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula tanneri subsp. tsariensis (W.W.Sm.) A.J.Richards; J. Scott. Rock Gard. Club 15(3): 209 (1977)

= Primula strumosa var. perlata W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher

variant :

var. porrecta W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 19(94): 213 (1937)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Primula tschuktschorum Kjellm.; Nordensk. Vega-Exped. Vetensk. Iaktt. 1: 516 (1882)

Name: Chukchi primrose

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Magadan); Alaska

31 RFE 70 ASK

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia tschuktschorum (Kjellm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula beringensis (A.E.Porsild) Jurtzev; Bot. Zhurn. 60(2): 242 (1975)

= Primula pumila var. ledebouriana E.A.Busch; Fl. Sibir. Orient. Extremi 65: 75 (1925)

= Primula tschuktschorum subsp. beringensis (A.E.Porsild) Jurtzev & Kozhevn.; Bot. Zhurn. 57(7): 773 (1972)

= Primula tschuktschorum var. beringensis A.E.Porsild; Canad. Field-Naturalist 79: 87 (1965)

species :

Primula tsiangii W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18(86): 63 (1933)

Distribution: China (Guizhou)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

species :

Primula tsongpenii H.R.Fletcher; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 52(344): 340 (1942)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Dryadifolia

species :

Primula turkeviczii V.V.Byalt; Novon 16: 158 (2006), nom. nov.

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KGZ TZK UZB

Remarks: Sect. Cortusoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus lactiflorus (Turkev.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula lactiflora Turkev.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 2: 13 (1921), nom. illeg.

species :

Primula tyrolensis Schott; Sippen Primeln, 13 (1851)

Name: Südtiroler Primel

Distribution: Italy (Dolomiten)

13 ITA

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Rhopsidium

Synonyms: hidden

= Auricula-ursi tyrolensis (Schott) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula allionii Hausm.; Fl. Tirol. 2: 719 (1852) non Loisel. 1809

= Primula allionii var. tyrolensis (Schott) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 569 (1882)

= Primula tyrolensis f. angusta Tomas.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 31: 171 (1955)

= Primula tyrolensis f. macrantha Tomas.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 31: 171 (1955)

= Primula tyrolensis subsp. bonapacis Tomas.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 31: 171 (1955)

= Primula tyrolensis var. acuminata Tomas.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 31: 170 (1955)

= Primula tyrolensis var. rotundata Tomas.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 31: 171 (1955)

species :

Primula tzetsouensis Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 8(5): 366-367 (1908)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Rotundifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia tzetsouensis (Petitm.)Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula yuana F.H.Chen; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 9: 293 (1940)

species :

Primula umbratilis Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13: 22 (1920)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula metria Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13: 13 (1920)

variant :

var. alba H.R.Fletcher; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 52: 332 (1942)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

species :

Primula undulifolia G.Hao, C.M.Hu & Y.Xu; PLoS ONE 11(8): e0161172 (6) (2016)

Distribution: China (Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula urceolata Aver. & K.S.Nguyen; Pl. Diversity Fl. Veg. Bat Dai Son 288 (2021)

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Primula urticifolia Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 27(4): 497 (1881)

Distribution: China (E-Qinghai)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Sibirica

species :

Primula vaginata G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc. 20: 4 (1882)

subspecies :

subsp. vaginata

Distribution: S-Tibet; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND

Remarks: Sect. Geranioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus vaginatus (G.Watt) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

subspecies :

subsp. eucyclia (W.W.Sm. & Forrest) F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 36 (1990)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; N-Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula eucyclia W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 41-42 (1923)

species :

Primula valentinae Fed.; Novit. Syst. Pl. Vasc., Acad. Sci. URSS, 258 (1964)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Primula valentiniana Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 59: 249 (1922)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet; Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Amethystina

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia valentiniana (Hand.-Mazz.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980), as ´volentiniana´:

species :

Primula vallicola Y.Xu, G.Hao & C.M.Hu; Nordic J. Bot. 37(7)-e02116: 2 (2019)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula veitchiana Petitm.; Monde Pl. 9: 14 (1907)

Distribution: China (E-Yunnan, W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Chartacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula pirolifolia H.Lév.; Monde Pl. 17: 2 (1915)

species :

Primula veris L.; Sp. Pl.: 142 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. veris

Name: Wiesen-Schlüsselblume, Echte Schlüsselblume, Arznei-Primel (DE), Cowslip primrose (EN)

Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Monaco; Channel Isl.; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Greece (mountains of N- & C-Greece, Peloponnisos); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; +Algeria?; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran); China (Xinjiang); Canada (New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], New York [I], Vermont [I])

10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA MCO SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KOS NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 34 IRN TUR 36 CHI 72 CDN 75 usa 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula brandisii Wiesb.; Österr. Bot. Zeitschr. 32: 282 (1882)

= Primula cordifolia Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 554 (1866) ex Pax, Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 59 (1905)

= Primula coronaria Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 117 (1796)

= Primula discolor Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 554 (1866) ex Pax, Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 59 (1905)

= Primula inflata Lehm.; Monog. Prim. 26. t. 2, f. 1 (1817)

= Primula lasiopetala Wallr.; Erst. Beitr. Fl. Hercyn. 2: 333 (1840)

= Primula officinalis (L.) Hill; Veg. Syst. 8: 25 (1765)

= Primula officinalis f. apiculata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 14: 47 (1886)

= Primula officinalis f. attenuata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 14: 45 (1886)

= Primula officinalis f. autumnalis Pax; Pax & R. Knuth, 58 (1905)

= Primula officinalis f. intermedia Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 14: 45 (1886)

= Primula officinalis f. longicalyx Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 14: 49 (1886)

= Primula officinalis var. ampliata W.D.J.Koch; 587 (1837)

= Primula officinalis var. longistyla Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 85 (1828)

= Primula officinalis var. pannonica (A.Kern.) Widmer; 150, 129 (1891), nom. illeg.

= Primula officinalis var. praticola Domin; 270 (1910)

= Primula officinalis var. subacaulis Döll; 636 (1858)

= Primula officinalis var. viridis Ortmann; Glückselig, 97 (1842), nom. inval.

= Primula pannonica A.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. 4: 46 (1886)

= Primula pistillaris Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl. Nachtr. 2: 187 (1826)

= Primula praticola Fritsch; Excursionsfl. Oesterreich, ed. 3: 393 (1922), nom. illeg.

= Primula pyrenaica Miégev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 10: 28 (1863)

= Primula velenovskyi Fritsch; Excursionsfl. Oesterreich, ed. 3: 393 (1922)

= Primula veris f. albiflora (Evers) Lüdi; 1751 (1927)

= Primula veris f. ampliata (W.D.J.Koch) Domin; 55 (1931)

= Primula veris f. ascapa (Goiran ex Caruel) Domin; 55 (1931)

= Primula veris f. autumnalis (Pax) Lüdi; 1751 (1927)

= Primula veris f. cetia Beck; 915 (1893)

= Primula veris f. hortensis Pax; Pax & R. Knuth, 57 (1905)

= Primula veris f. subcanescens Domin; 55 (1931)

= Primula veris f. uniflora (Henn.) Domin; 55 (1931)

= Primula veris subsp. hortensis (Pax) Domin; 55 (1931)

= Primula veris subsp. horticola (Domin) Domin; 55 (1931)

= Primula veris subsp. inflata Tausch; 361 (1821)

= Primula veris subsp. minoriflora Domin; 55 (1931), nom. inval.

= Primula veris subsp. officinalis (L.) Ehrh.; Hannover. Mag. 18: 217 (1780)

= Primula veris subsp. velenovskyi (Fritsch) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 42 (1928)

= Primula veris var. ampliata (W.D.J.Koch) Murr; 231 (1923)

= Primula veris var. cetia (Beck) Borbás; 463 (1901)

= Primula veris var. longifolia Lüdi; 1752 (1927)

= Primula veris var. officinalis L.; 143 (1753), nom. inval.

= Primula veris var. pseudocolumnae Domin; 56 (1931)

variant :

var. canescens (Opiz) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 216 (2012)

Name: Graufilzige Schlüsselblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany; Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece

11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 BUL GRC ITA NMA ROM SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula elatior subsp. canescens (Opiz) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 321 (1928)

= Primula officinalis f. canescens Opiz; Berchtold, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2(2): 204 (1839)

= Primula officinalis subsp. canescens (Opiz) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 708 (1937)

= Primula officinalis var. canescens Opiz; Bercht. & Opiz, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2(2): 204 (1839)

= Primula officinalis var. montana Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 201 (1908), nom. illeg.

= Primula veris f. cinerascens (Pax) Domin; 56 (1931)

= Primula veris f. hardeggensis (Pax) Domin; 56 (1931)

= Primula veris f. viridis (Opiz) Domin; 56 (1931)

= Primula veris var. calvescens (Pax) Lüdi; 1752 (1927)

= Primula veris subsp. canescens (Opiz) Hayek ex Lüdi; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1752 (1927)

variant :

var. columnae (Ten.) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 216 (2012)

Name: Wohlriechende Primel (DE)

Distribution: Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece; Crimea; Turkey

12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS NMA SLV SRB 14 KRY 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula columnae Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: 14: 1811-1815

= Primula cordifolia Kit.; Linnaea 32: 451 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Primula elatior subsp. columnae (Ten.) Ces.; Car. Catt., 310 (1844)

= Primula hampeana Wallr.; Erst. Beitr. Fl. Hercyn. 2: 333 (1840)

= Primula justinii Sennen & Elías; Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 35: 23 (1936)

= Primula officinalis subsp. columnae (Ten.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 566 (1882)

= Primula officinalis subsp. columnae (Ten.) Widmer; Eur. spp. Primula: 130 (1891)

= Primula officinalis subsp. suaveolens (Bertol.) Bonnier; Bonnier & R. C. V. Douin, 75 (1924)

= Primula officinalis subsp. suaveolens H.Marcailhou & A.Marcailhou; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 18: 10 (1908)

= Primula officinalis var. calycantha Jess.; 156 (1879)

= Primula officinalis var. columnae (Ten.) Pax; 182 (1889)

= Primula officinalis var. suaveolens (Bertol.) A.S.Moritzi; 110 (1839)

= Primula officinalis var. suaveolens (Bertol.) Gren.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France 2: 448 (1852)

= Primula suaveolens Bertol.; J. Bot. Agric. 2: 76 (1813)

= Primula veris subsp. columnae (Ten.) Lüdi; 1752 (1926), nom. illeg.

= Primula veris subsp. columnae (Ten.) Maire & Petitm.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy ser. 3, 9: 427 (1908)

= Primula veris subsp. suaveolens (Bertol.) Gutermann & Ehrend.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 122: 268 (1973)

= Primula veris var. suaveolens (Bertol.) Rchb.; 401 (1832)

= Primula veris var. valesiaca Lüdi; 1753 (1927)

subspecies :

subsp. macrocalyx (Bunge) Lüdi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1753 (1927)

Distribution: E-European Russia (Urals); Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey; N-Iran; China (Xinjiang)

14 KRY RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula inflata subsp. macrocalyx (Bunge) O.Schwarz; Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 17: 313 (1968)

= Primula macrocalyx Bunge; Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 1: 209 (1829)

= Primula officinalis var. macrocalyx (Bunge) K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 307 (1843)

= Primula suaveolens var. colchica Albov; Prodr. Fl. Colchic.: 167 (1895)

= Primula uralensis Fisch. ex Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 7: 18 (1829)

species :

Primula vialii Delavay ex Franch.; Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 3: 148 (1891)

Name: Orchideenprimel

Distribution: China (N-Yunnan, NW-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia vialii (Delavay ex Franch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula littoniana Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 4(19): 225, t. 33B, 35, 36 (1908)

= Primula littoniana var. robusta Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 47 (1923)

species :

Primula villosa Wulfen; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 5: 41 (1778)

subspecies :

subsp. villosa

Name: Zottige Primel

Distribution: Austria; France; Italy; Slovenia (E-Alps, SW-Alps)

11 AUT 12 FRA 13 ITA SLV

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Erythrodrosum

Synonyms: hidden

= Aretia villosa (Wulfen) Link; Handb. 2: 411 (1829)

= Auricula-ursi villosa (Wulfen) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula commutata Schott; Österr. Bot. Wochenbl. 2: 35 (1852)

= Primula simsii Sweet; Hort. Brit. ed. 1, 330 (1826)

= Primula villosa f. norica (A.Kern. ex Widmer) Lüdi; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1772 (1927)

= Primula villosa subsp. commutata (Schott) Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula 52, 141 (1891)

= Primula villosa var. commutata (Schott) Widmer; Flora 72: 73 (1889)

= Primula villosa var. norica A.Kern. ex Widmer; Eur. Art. Primula: 141 (1891)

= Primula viscosa subsp. commutata (Schott) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 605 (1881)

subspecies :

subsp. cottia (Widmer) Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 19: 11 (2017), et 19a: 2 (2018)

Distribution: Italy (Alps)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula cottia Widmer; Flora (Regensburg) 72: 71 (1889)

= Primula villosa f. cottia (Widmer) Lüdi; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1772 (1927)

= Primula villosa var. cottia (Widmer) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 313 (1900)

subspecies :

subsp. irmingardis Kress; Primulaceen-Studien 2: 3 (1981)

Distribution: Austria

11 AUT

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula irmingardis (Kress) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 269 (2010)

species :

Primula vilmoriniana Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 8(5): 365-366 (1908), et ex Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. Pt. 7: 736 (1936), descr. ampl.

Distribution: China (C-Yunnan, N-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Obconica

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula obconica subsp. vilmoriniana (Petitm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 33 (1928)

= Primula subtropica Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 61: 133 (1924 publ. 1925)

species :

Primula violacea W.W.Sm. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 14(68): 54-55 (1923)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia violacea (W.W.Sm. & Kingdon-Ward) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula violaris W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34(1): 85-86 (1944)

Distribution: China (W-Hubei, SW-Shaanxi)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Cortusoides

Synonyms: hidden

= Auganthus violaris (W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz.(Prague), 148(3-4): 208 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula virginis H.Lév.; Monde Pl. 17(92): 1 (1915)

Distribution: China (NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Amethystina

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula leimonophila Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 25-26 (1915)

= Primula petrophyes Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 33-34 (1915)

= Primula virginis subsp. petrophyes (Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 13 (1928)

species :

Primula vulgaris Huds.Huds.; Fl. Angl.: 70 (1762)

subspecies :

subsp. vulgaris

Name: Schaftlose Primel (DE), Common Primrose (EN)

Distribution: Faeroe Isl.; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; +Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen [I], +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen [I]); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of mainland, also some lowlands, Evvoia, Andros, Tinos); W-Crete; C-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Taiwan [I]; New Zealand [I]

10 DEN FOR GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE NET SLO SWI 12 CIS COR FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI ROM SIC SLV SMA TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 33 GEO NCS 34 CYP LEB SYR TUR 38 tai 51 nzl

Remarks: Sect. Vernales

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula acaulis (L.) Hill; Veg. Syst. 8: 25 (1765)

= Primula acaulis (L.) L.; Fl. Angl.: 12 (1754), sphalma typogr.

= Primula acaulis f. parviflora Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1908: 8 (1908)

= Primula acaulis subsp. inflata Tausch; 361 (1821)

= Primula acaulis subsp. vulgaris (Huds.) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges., n.s. 1: 109 (1949)

= Primula acaulis var. caulescens W.D.J.Koch; 587 (1837)

= Primula acaulis var. sileniflora Murr; 52 (1902)

= Primula acaulis var. stenantha Murr; 52 (1902)

= Primula atropurpurea Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 56 (1905), nom. inval.

= Primula bicolor Raf.; Caratt. Nuov. Gen, 78 (1810)

= Primula breviscapa Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse: 58 (1811), nom. superfl.

= Primula calycantha Retz.; Observ. Bot. 2: 10 (1781)

= Primula elatior var. acaulis Schreb.; 5 (1771)

= Primula elatior var. breviscapa Hayne; t. 35 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Primula grandiflora Lam.; Fl. Fr. 2: 248 (1779)

= Primula grandiflora var. rufa Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 302 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Primula hybrida Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 449 (1789)

= Primula inodora Hill; Herb. Brit. 2: 193 (1770)

= Primula minima Hablitz; Descr. Phys. Taur.: 117 (1788), nom. illeg.

= Primula odorata Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 32 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Primula pseudoacaulis Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 552 (1866)

= Primula sylvestris Scop.; Fl. Carn., ed. 2, 1: 132 (1771)

= Primula uniflora C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. 1: 442 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Primula variabilis Bastard; Suppl. Fl. Maine-et-Loire, 26 (1812)

= Primula veris var. acaulis (Schreb.) Baumg.; 114 (1790), nom. illeg.

= Primula veris var. acaulis L.; Sp. Pl.: 143 (1753)

= Primula vernalis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 117 (1796)

= Primula vulgaris f. multiflora Kanak & Gajic; Glasn. Prir. Muz. Beogradu, B 33: 74, 77 (1979)

= Primula vulgaris f. pilosa Kanak & Gajic; Glasn. Prir. Muz. Beogradu, B 33: 74, 77 (1979)

= Primula vulgaris subsp. calycantha (Retz.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 567 (1882)

= Primula vulgaris var. calva Beauverd; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 9: 370 (1917)

= Primula vulgaris var. caulescens Bab.; 257 (1847), nom. illeg.

= Primula vulgaris var. intermedia Hook.f.; 299 (1870), nom. inval.

= Primula vulgaris var. umbellata Bab.; 241 (1843)

subspecies :

subsp. alpina Canak & Gajic; Glasn. Prir. Muz. Beogradu, B 33: 74, 77 (1979)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula acaulis subsp. alpina (Canak & Gajic) Czerep.; Vasc. Pl. Russia & Adj. States (former USSR): 418 (1995)

subspecies :

subsp. atlantica (Maire & Wilczek) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 12: 199 (1982)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula acaulis subsp. atlantica (Maire & Wilczek) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 19: 42 (1989)

= Primula acaulis var. atlantica Maire & Wilczek; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 55 (1931)

subspecies :

subsp. balearica (Willk.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 42 (1928)

Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca)

12 BAL

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula acaulis subsp. balearica (Willk.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 19: 42 (1989)

= Primula balearica (Willk.) Losinsk.; Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS, Ser. VII. 304 (1933)

= Primula vulgaris var. balearica Willk.; Linnaea 40: 75 (1876)

subspecies :

subsp. rubra (Sm.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 567 (1882)

Name: Rote Schaftlose Primel (DE)

Distribution: Italy [I]; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (very rare Evvoia, Mt. Ossa, Mt. Pelion, Andros); Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria); Turkey; NW-Iran

13 ALB BUL GRC ita TUE 14 KRY 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 EAI IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula abchasica Sosn.; Trav. Inst. Bot. Tiflis 2: 231 (1938)

= Primula acaulis subsp. rubra (Sm.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 19: 42 (1989), isonym

= Primula acaulis subsp. rubra (Sm.) O.Schwarz; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges., n.s. 1: 110 (1949)

= Primula acaulis var. rosea Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4: 24 (1878)

= Primula acaulis var. rubra Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 2: 70 (1813)

= Primula acaulis var. sibthorpii (Hoffmanns.) Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 181 (1889)

= Primula ingwerseniana Hesl.-Harr.; Vasculum 16: 6 (1930)

= Primula komarovii Losinsk.; Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. 79 Otd. Mat. Nauk 1933: 301 (1933)

= Primula leskeniensis G.Kos ex Smoljan.; Grossh., Fl. Kavkaza, ed. 2, 7: 158 (1967)

= Primula rosea Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 56 (1905), pro syn.

= Primula rubra (Sm.) Dörfl.; Exsicc. (Herb. Norm.) 1899: no. 3867 (1899), nom. illeg.

= Primula sibthorpii Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult.: 103 (1824)

= Primula sibthorpii var. abchasia (Sosn.) Kolak.; Fl. Abchas. 3: 267 (1948)

= Primula veris var. rubra Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. 2: 70 (1836)

= Primula vulgaris subsp. komarovii (Losinsk.) Fed.; Fl. Armenii 6: 30 (1973), isonym

= Primula vulgaris subsp. sibthorpii (Hoffmanns.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 42 (1928)

= Primula vulgaris subsp. woronovii (Losinsk.) Fed.; Fl. Armen. 6: 30 (1973)

= Primula vulgaris subsp. woronovii (Losinsk.) Soo

= Primula woronovii Losinsk.; Izv. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 7, 1933: 303 (1933)

species :

Primula waddellii Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 56-57 (1915)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Bhutan

36 TIB 40 BHU

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia waddellii (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Primula walshii Craib; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 39: 190 (1913)

Distribution: China (N-Sichuan, NW-Sichuan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Chumbi, Sikkim)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Minutissimae, subsect. Eu-Minutissimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia walshii (Craib) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula hsiungiana W.P.Fang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Szechuan. 1956(1): 92 (1956)

= Primula petrocharis Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 95 (1921)

species :

Primula waltonii G.Watt ex Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 57-58 (1915)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND

Remarks: Sect. Sikkimensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia waltonii (G.Watt ex Balf.f.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980), as ´waltoni´

= Primula prionotes Balf.f. & G.Watt; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 35 (1915)

= Primula vinosa Stapf; Bot. Mag. 155: sub t. 9276 (1932), in clavi

= Primula waltonii subsp. prionotes (Balf.f. & G.Watt) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 39 (1928)

species :

Primula wangii F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 291, 64 (1990)

Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula wannanensis Xiao He & J.W.Shao; J. Syst. Evol. 60(3): 869 (2021)

Distribution: China (Anhui)

36 CHI

species :

Primula warshenewskiana B.Fedtsch.; Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Petersb. 1: 149 (1902)

subspecies :

subsp. warshenewskiana

Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan); Pakistan (Chitral, Swat)

32 TZK 34 AFG 40 PAK

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Auriculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia warshenewskiana (B.Fedtsch.) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula harrissii G.Watt ex Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 21 (1915)

= Primula radicata Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 195 (1916)

= Primula rosea subsp. harrissii (G.Watt ex Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 25 (1928)

= Primula rosea subsp. radicata (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 25 (1928)

= Primula rosea subsp. rosiflora (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 25 (1928)

= Primula rosea subsp. warshenewskiana (B.Fedtsch.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 25 (1928)

= Primula rosea var. harrissii (G.Watt ex Balf.f.) W.W.Sm. & H.R.Fletcher; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 61: 64 (1943)

= Primula rosiflora Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 41 (1915)

subspecies :

subsp. rhodantha (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) Wendelbo; Acta Univ. Bergen Ser. Math.-Nat. 1: 7 (1957)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Kunar / Nuristan, Parwan); Pakistan (Kurram)

34 AFG 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula rhodantha Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 39(1915)

= Primula rosea subsp. rhodantha (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 25 (1928)

species :

Primula watsonii Dunn; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(23): 63, t. 61 (1911)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Muscarioides

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia watsonii (Dunn) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula cyanantha Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 7-8 (1920)

= Primula watsonii subsp. cyanantha (Balf.f. & Forrest) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 18 (1928)

species :

Primula wattii King ex G.Watt; J. Linn. Soc. 20: 10 (1882)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

species :

Primula wawushanica G.Hao, C.M.Hu & Yuan Xu; Nordic J. Bot. 34(2): 156 (2016)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula weiliei L.S.Yang, Z.K.Wu & G.W.Hu; PhytoKeys 242: 2 (2024)

Distribution: China (Hubei)

36 CHI

species :

Primula weimingii B.Yang bis & Y.H.Tan; Taiwania 68(4): 436 (2023)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula wenshanensis F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 291, 84 (1990)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula whitei W.W.Sm.; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4(5): 268-269 (1911)

Distribution: S-Tibet; E-Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Petiolares, subsect. Petiolares-Sonchifolia

species :

Primula wigramiana W.W.Sm.; Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 18: 182 (1934)

Distribution: Nepal; N-India (Uttarakhand)

40 IND NEP

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

species :

Primula wilsonii Dunn; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 31: 413 (1902)

Distribution: China (Yunnan, W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Candelabra

Synonyms: hidden

= Aleuritia wilsonii (Dunn) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 207 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula angustidens (Franch.) Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 128 (1905)

= Primula angustidens Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 128 (1905)

= Primula glycyosma Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 8(5): 364 (1908)

= Primula japonica var. angustidens Franch.

= Primula poissonii subsp. angustidens (Pax) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 17 (1928)

= Primula poissonii subsp. wilsonii (Dunn) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 54: 43 (1929)

species :

Primula wollastonii Balf.f.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922(4): 152 (1922)

Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal

36 TIB 40 NEP

Remarks: Sect. Soldanelloideae

species :

Primula wolongensis W.B.Ju, Bo Xu & X.F.Gao; PhytoKeys 218: 49, figs. 1-4 (2023)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula woodwardii Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 61-62 (1915)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, E-Qinghai, S-Shaanxi)

36 CHI

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

species :

Primula woonyoungiana W.P.Fang; Acta Univ. Szechuan. 1: 102 (1956)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula wulfeniana Schott; Wilde Blendlinge Österr. Primeln: 17 (1852)

subspecies :

subsp. wulfeniana

Name: Wulfens Primel

Distribution: Austria; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia (SE-Alps)

11 AUT 13 CRO ITA SLV

Remarks: Sect. Auricula, subsect. Erythrodrosum

Synonyms: hidden

= Auricula-ursi wulfeniana (Schott) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(3-4): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

subspecies :

subsp. baumgarteniana (Degen & Moesz) Lüdi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1776 (1927)

Distribution: Romania (S-Carpathians)

13 ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Auricula-ursi wulfeniana subsp. baumgarteniana (Degen & Moesz) Soják; Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148(34): 209 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Primula baumgarteniana Degen & Moesz; Magyar Bot. Lap. 7: 92 (1908)

= Primula wulfeniana subsp. baumgarteniana (Degen & Moesz) A.J.Richards; Primula 83 (2002), isonym

species :

Primula xanthopa Balf.f. & R.E.Cooper; Notes Bot. Gard, Edin. 9: 204 (1916)

Distribution: E-Bhutan (Dongo Lanzarote)

40 BHU

Remarks: Sect. Souliei

species :

Primula xilingensis K.Huang & Z.X.Fu; PhytoKeys 234: 136 (2023)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula xingshanensis Yu B.Wang; Phytotaxa 594(2): 158 (2023)

Distribution: China (Hubei)

36 CHI

species :

Primula xinningensis Wei Zhang bis & J.W.Shao; PhytoKeys 199: 161, figs. 1-5 (2022)

Distribution: China (Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula youngeriana W.W.Sm.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 52(344): 340-341 (1942)

Distribution: E-Tibet

36 TIB

Remarks: Sect. Nivales, subsect. Eunivales

species :

Primula yunnanensis Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 32: 269 (1885)

subspecies :

subsp. yunnanensis

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Yunnanensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula calcicola Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 6 (1920)

= Primula fragilis Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9(41): 18 (1915)

= Primula kichanensis Franch. ex Petitm.; Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 7(6): 524, f. 2-II (1907)

= Primula umbrella Forrest ex Balf.f.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 51 (1915)

= Primula yunnanensis subsp. fragilis (Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 25 (1928)

subspecies :

subsp. maikhaensis (Balf.f. & Forrest) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 270 (1992)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula maikhaensis Balf.f. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(61): 13 (1920)

subspecies :

subsp. membranifolia (Franch.) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 270 (1992)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula longituba Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 4(19): 226-227, t. 37 (1908)

= Primula membranifolia Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33(1): 68-69 (1886)

subspecies :

subsp. socialis (F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu) Halda; Genus Primula in Cultivation & Wild: 270 (1992)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula socialis F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 59(2): 295, 209 (1990)

species :

Primula yuparensis Takeda; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 94 (1913)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

Remarks: Sect. Farinosae, subsect. Eu-Farinosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula farinosa subsp. yuparensis (Takeda) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 17: 13 (1957)

= Primula modesta subsp. yuparensis (Takeda) W.W.Sm. & Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 25 (1928)

species :

Primula zhengyii B.Yang bis & Y.H.Tan; Taiwania 68(2): 235 (2023)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula zhexiensis Xiao He & J.W.Shao; J. Syst. Evol. 60(3): 871 (2021)

Distribution: China (Zhejiang)

36 CHI

species :

Primula zhui Y.H.Tan & B.Yang; Nordic J. Bot. 35(6): 681 (2017)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Primula ×admontensis Gusmus ex G.C.Churchill; Gard. Chron., n.s. 22: 808 (1884)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Primula auricula x P. clusiana

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×lempergii Buxb.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 86: 296 (1937)

species :

Primula ×berninae A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 153 (1875)

Distribution: Switzerland; etc.

11 SWI

Remarks: Primula hirsuta x P. latifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×salisii Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, n.s., 23-24: 100 (1880)

species :

Primula ×boni-auxilii Kress; Primulaceen-Studien 2: 2 (1981)

subspecies :

subsp. boni-auxilii

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Primula pedemontana x villosa

subspecies :

subsp. infecta (Kress) Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 28(31): 3 (2022) [nothossp.]

Distribution: Italy (Alps)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula infecta (Kress) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 269 (2010)

= Primula infecta subsp. sellae Widder ex Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 19: 14 (2017)

= Primula villosa subsp. infecta Kress; Primulaceen-Studien 2: 3 (1981)

= Primula ×boni-auxilii subsp. sellae (Widder ex Kress) Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 25: 3 (2021)

species :

Primula ×bowlesii Farrer; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 39: 227 (1913)

Distribution: Italy; etc.

13 ITA

Remarks: Primula latifolia x P. pedemontana

species :

Primula ×caruelii Porta; M. Kolb, Alpenfl.: 235 (1889)

Distribution: Italy; etc.

13 ITA

Remarks: Primula glaucescens x P. spectabilis

species :

Primula ×deschmannii Ingw.; New Fl. & Silva 3: 204 (1931)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula minima x P. wulfeniana

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×vochinensis Gusmus; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 43: 107 (1893)

species :

Primula ×digenea A.Kern.; Österr. Bot. Zeitschr. 25: 79 (1875) [nothossp.]

subspecies :

subsp. digenea

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Schleswig-Holstein, Thüringen); etc.

11 GER

Remarks: Primula vulgaris x P. elatior

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula fallax C.Richt. ex Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 61 (1905)

= Primula ×anisiaca Stapf; Kerner, Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. 4: 45 (1886)

= Primula ×digenea var. anisiaca (Stapf) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 206 (1908)

= Primula ×falkneriana Porta ex Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 62 (1905)

= Primula ×falkneriana Porta ex Widmer; 132 (1891), nom. inval.

= Primula ×fallax K.Richt.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 37: 194 (1887)

= Primula ×purpurascens Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(2): 914 (1893)

subspecies :

subsp. rothmaleri Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 16: 9 (1999), nom. nov. [nothossp.]

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula legionensis Wilmott; J. Bot. 67: 150 (1929)

= Primula ×legionensis Rothm.; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 34: 154 (1934)

species :

Primula ×discolor Leyb.; Flora 38: 344 (1855)

Distribution: Austria; Italy

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula auricula x P. daonensis

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×portae Huter ex A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 81 (1875)

species :

Primula ×dschungdienensis Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 57: 87 (1920)

Distribution: China

36 CHI

Remarks: Primula poissonii x P. secundiflora

species :

Primula ×dumoulinii Stein; Index Seminum (WROCL, Wratislaviensi) 1881: [4] (1881)

Distribution: Italy; etc.

13 ITA

Remarks: Primula minima x P. spectabilis

species :

Primula ×elisabethae Sünd.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 92 (1906)

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula marginata x P. villosa

species :

Primula ×escheri Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, n.s., 23-24: 100 (1880)

Distribution: Alps

Remarks: Primula auricula x P. integrifolia

species :

Primula ×facchinii Schott; Wilde Blendlinge Österr. Primeln: 18 (1852)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula minima x P. spectabilis

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×magiassonica Porta ex Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 232 (1888)

species :

Primula ×floerkeana Schrad.; J. G. Kruenitz, Oekon. Encyc. 117: 393 (1811)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula glutinosa x P. minima

Synonyms: hidden

= Aretia ×floerkeana (Schrad.) Link; Handbuch 2: 413 (1831)

= Primula ×biflora Huter ex A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 158 (1875)

= Primula ×huteri A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 159 (1875)

= Primula ×salisburgensis Willd. ex Schott; Wilde Blendlinge Österr. Primeln: 8 (1852)

species :

Primula ×goebelii A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 82 (1875)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula auricula x P. villosa

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×kerneri Goebl & Stein; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 28: 188 (1878)

species :

Primula ×heeri Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, n.s., 23-24: 100 (1880)

Distribution: Switzerland; etc.

11 SWI

Remarks: Primula hirsuta x P. integrifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×thomassiana Ingw.; New Fl. & Silva 3: 207 (1931)

species :

Primula ×hugueninii Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, n.s., 23-24: 100 (1880)

Distribution: Switzerland; etc.

11 SWI

Remarks: Primula glutinosa x P. integrifolia

species :

Primula ×judicariensis Beyer; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 58: 123 (1916 publ. 1917)

Distribution: Austria; Italy

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula daonensis x P. spectabilis

species :

Primula ×juribella Sünd.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 156 (1889)

Distribution: Switzerland; etc.

11 SWI

Remarks: Primula minima x P. tyrolensis

species :

Primula ×kolbeana Stein; Gartenflora 35: 240 (1886)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula daonensis x P. viscosa

species :

Primula ×kraettliana Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens, n.s. 25: 99 (1882)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Primula farinosa x P. halleri

species :

Primula ×latillosa Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 28(43): 35 (2022)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Primula villosa ssp. cottia x P. latifolia ssp. iungens

species :

Primula ×latiscosa Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 28(43): 37 (2022)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: Primula viscosa x latifolia

species :

Primula ×loiseleurii Sünd.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 26-27: 21 (1925)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula auricula x P. tyrolensis

species :

Primula ×margfolia Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 28(44): 41 (2022)

subspecies :

subsp. margfolia

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: Primula latifolia x marginata

subspecies :

subsp. sescuplex Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 28(44): 43 (2022) [nothossp.]

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Primula ×margsuta Kress; Primulac.-Stud. 28(44): 43 (2022)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

species :

Primula ×media Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 77 (1838)

Distribution: Europe; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Thüringen); etc.

11 GER

Remarks: Primula elatior x P. veris

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×aranensis Cadevall; J. Cadevall y Díars & P. Font Quer, Fl. Catalunya 4: 59 (1932)

= Primula ×crocata Arv.-Touv.; Notes Pl. Alpes: 26 (1883)

= Primula ×declinans E.Simon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Rochelaise 20: 29 (1899)

= Primula ×sileniflora H.Schmidt; 58 (1900)

= Primula ×glabrescens Arv.-Touv.; Essai Pl. Dauphiné: 51 (1871)

= Primula ×leudrensis Porta ex Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 60 (1905), nom. inval.

= Primula ×media var. unicolor (Nolte ex Lange) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 203 (1908)

= Primula ×unicolor Nolte ex Lange; Haandb. Danske Fl., ed. 3: 181 (1864)

species :

Primula ×morissetii Lepage; Nat. Canad., 101(6): 928 (1974)

Distribution: Canada (Québec)

72 CDN

Remarks: Primula egaliksensis x stricta

species :

Primula ×muretiana Moritzi; Pfl. Graubündens: 111 (1839)

Distribution: Switzerland; etc.

11 SWI

Remarks: Primula integrifolia x P. villosa

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×dinyana Lagger; Flora 22: 670 (1839)

= Primula ×muretii Charpent. ex W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2: 678 (1844)

species :

Primula ×obovata Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 23: 125 (1873)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula auricula ssp. balbisii x P. tyrolensis

species :

Primula ×polyantha Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 4 (1768)

Distribution: Europe; Germany (Bayern, Schleswig-Holstein); etc.

11 GER

Remarks: Primula veris x P. vulgaris

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula acaulis var. brevistyla (DC.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 82 (1828)

= Primula officinalis var. tommasinii (Gren.) Widmer; 150, 130 (1891)

= Primula suaveolens subsp. tommasinii (Gren.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 603 (1881)

= Primula ×bosniaca Beck ex Fiala; Wiss. Mitt. Bosnien & Herzegovina 1: 554 (1893)

= Primula ×bosniaka Fiala; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 1891: 3 (1891)

= Primula ×brevistyla DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3 6: 383 (1815)

= Primula ×brevistyla var. flagellicaulis (A.Kern.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 203 (1908)

= Primula ×caulescens Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 61 (1905)

= Primula ×cupularis Pax; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.237, Heft 22 (Primul.): 63 (1905)

= Primula ×flagellicaulis A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 79 (1875)

= Primula ×intermedia Facchini; Z. Ferdinandeums Tirol 4: 19 (1854), nom. illeg.

= Primula ×legueana E.G.Camus; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 37: 174 (1890)

= Primula ×polyantha subsp. ternovania (A.Kern.) Niketic; Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Belgrade 16: 65 (2023)

= Primula ×sanctae-coronae Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(2): 914 (1893)

= Primula ×tommasinii Gren.; Fl. Fr. 2: 449 (1853)

= Primula ×variabilis Goupil; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 3: 248 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Primula ×variabilis subsp. brevistyla (DC.) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 322 (1928)

= Primula ×variabilis subsp. flagellicaulis (A.Kern.) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 322 (1928)

= Primula ×variabilis subsp. legueana (E.G.Camus) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 322 (1928)

= Primula ×variiflora Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(2): 914 (1893)

species :

Primula ×pubescens (Wulfen) Loisel.; Fl. Gall.: 114 (1806)

Name: Garten-Primel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Sachsen [I]); Switzerland; Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT GER SWI 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula auricula x P. hirsuta

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula villosa var. pubescens Wulfen; Misc. Austriac. 1: 159 (1779)

= Primula ×auriculiformis H.Sund. ex Murr; 491 (1926)

= Primula ×peyritschii Stein; Gartenflora 35: 241 (1886)

= Primula ×rhaetica Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 91 (1828)

species :

Primula ×pumila A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 156 (1875)

Distribution: Austria; Italy

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula daonensis x P. minima

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×alpigena Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol 6(3): 49 (1912)

= Primula ×coronata Porta; M. Kolb, Alpenfl.: 237 (1889)

= Primula ×widmerae Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol 6(3): 49 (1912), nom. inval.

species :

Primula ×salomonii Sünd.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 92 (1906)

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula auricula x P. marginata

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×helvetica Donn ex G.Lodd.; Bot. Cab. 4: t. 348 (1820), nom. nud.

species :

Primula ×santii Gola; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 36: 399 (1930)

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula latifolia ssp. graveolens x P. marginata

species :

Primula ×schottii Sünd.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 13: 147 (1907)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula minima x P. tyrolensis

species :

Primula ×steinii Obrist ex Stein; Gartenflora 28: 322 (1879)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula hirsuta x P. minima

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×bilekii Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol 6(3): 50 (1912)

= Primula ×forsteri Stein; Gartenflora 28: 322 (1879)

= Primula ×kellereri Ingw.; New Fl. & Silva 3: 206 (1931)

species :

Primula ×sturii Schott ex Kolb; Alpenpfl.: 256 (1890)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula minima x P. villosa

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×flatnitzensis Farrer; Engl. Rock Gard. 2: 130 (1919)

= Primula ×jiraseckiana Tratt. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 402 (1831), nom. inval.

species :

Primula ×uzungolensis Terzioglu & Coskunç.; Turkish J. Bot. 36(1): 12 (2012)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Primula ×vallarsae Prosser & Scorteg.; Willdenowia 28(1-2): 42 (1998)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Primula auricula x recubariensis

species :

Primula ×varians Sünd.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 92 (1906)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula auricula x P. latifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×tauernensis Mountfort; Quart. Bull. Alpine Gard. Soc. Gr. Brit. 8: 304 (1940), anglice

species :

Primula ×venusta Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 1: 248 (1827)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula auricula x P. carniolica

species :

Primula ×venzoides Huter ex Venzo; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 5: 132 (1873)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula tyrolensis x P. wulfeniana

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×cridalensis Gusmus ex Kolb; Alpenpfl.: 237 (1890)

= Primula ×venzoi Huter ex A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 155 (1875)

species :

Primula ×weldeniana (A.Kern.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol 6(3): 53 (1912)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula auricula x P. spectabilis

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×venusta var. weldeniana A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 81 (1875)

species :

Primula ×wettsteinii Wiedem.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 36: 376 (1886)

Distribution: Austria; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 13 ITA

Remarks: Primula clusiana x P. minima

Synonyms: hidden

= Primula ×intermedia Port.; Arch. Gewächsk. Leopold Trattinick: t. 387 (1819), nom. illeg.

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Contact

How to Cite:

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (22)

Genus (60)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species, 8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms, in total 1,412,785* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]