230.0000 Family Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. 1: 62 (1809), nom. cons.

27 genera, ca. 1300 spp.

Species listed in database: 1349; hybrids: 4

230.0406 Genus Polygala L.; Sp. Pl.: 701 (1753)

Distribution: trop., subtropical and temp. regions of the Old World (86 South Africa). Most of the New World taxa of this still polyphyletic genus have recently been transferred into the split genus Senega. More will need transfer.

Species listed in database: 460; hybrids: 4

species :

Polygala abyssinica R.Br. ex Fresen.; [Salt, Voy. Abyss. app. IV: LXV (1814), nomen] Mus. Senck. 2: 273 (1837)

Distribution: Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Saudi Arabia (Asir, Dahana, E-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nejd); Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, W-Yemen, SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Yemen); Pakistan (Sind, Karachi, Baluchistan, Quetta, Waziristan, Kurram, Chitral, Swat); Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh)

24 DJI ERI ETH SOC SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 34 AFG 35 OMA SAU YEM 40 IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala abyssinica var. gerardiana (Wall.) Chodat; Mém. S. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 31(2): 282 (1893)

= Polygala abyssinica var. parviflora Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 389 (1893)

= Polygala adoensis Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 37 (1847)

= Polygala alata Chodat; J. Bot. 34: 200 (1896)

= Polygala cernua Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. Pl. Afric. Austral. (Eckl. & Zeyh.) 1: 22 (1834-35)

= Polygala gerardiana Wall.; (Cat. 147, no. 4187 (1831), nomen) ex Hassk. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 174 (1864)

= Polygala scabra Edgew.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 33 (1846), nom. illeg.

variant :

var. subaphylla (O.Schwartz) J.R.I.Wood; Handbook Yemen Fl.: 19,5 (1997)

Distribution: Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Hadhramaut)

35 YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala schwartziana Paiva; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 45(1): 155 (1988), nom. nov.

= Polygala subaphylla Schwartz; Mitt. Inst. Bot. Hamburg 10: 132 (1939) (non Perrier)

species :

Polygala acicularis Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 132 (1868)

Distribution: Burkina Faso; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; S-Chad; South Sudan; Uganda; N-Angola

22 BEN BKN NGA 23 CAB CAF CMN CON GAB RWA ZAI 24 CHA SSU 25 UGA 26 ANG

species :

Polygala adamsonii Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 31: 9 (1957)

Distribution: Malawi; Mozambique

26 MLW MOZ

species :

Polygala albida Schinz; Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 29: 53 (1888)

subspecies :

subsp. albida

Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; S-Chad; S-Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]

22 NGA 23 BUR CAF CMN CON RWA ZAI 24 CHA ETH 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala livingstoniana Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2): 339 (1893)

subspecies :

subsp. stanleyana (Chodat) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 191 (1998)

Distribution: Guinea; Cameroon; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; etc.

22 GUI 23 CMN 24 ETH SSU 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala albida var. angustifolia Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 31: 11 (1957)

= Polygala modesta Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19(2-3, Beibl. 47): 35 (1894) (non Miq. 1845)

= Polygala stanleyana Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 340 (1893)

= Polygala stanleyana var. angustifolia Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 340 (1893), nomen

= Polygala stanleyana var. latifolia Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 340 (1893)

species :

Polygala albowii Kem.-Nath.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis., Fasc. 14, 24 (1948)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (incl. Abkhazia)

33 GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala colchica Tamamsch.; Fl. URSS, ed. Kom. 14: 733 (1949)

species :

Polygala alpestris Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 25 (1823)

subspecies :

subsp. alpestris

Name: Alpen-Kreuzblümchen (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; NE-Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Serbia; Kosovo

11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ITA KOS SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala alpestris f. elliptica (Chodat) Hegi; 104 (1924)

= Polygala alpestris f. juratense (Chodat) Hegi; 104 (1924)

= Polygala alpestris f. obtusata (Chodat) Hegi; 104 (1924)

= Polygala alpestris f. rosulans (Chodat) Hegi; 104 (1924)

= Polygala alpestris proles morisiana (Rchb.f.) P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 368 (1916)

= Polygala alpestris subsp. morisiana (Rchb.f.) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 61 (1910)

= Polygala alpestris var. iberica Chodat; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 12: 161 (1913)

= Polygala alpestris var. morisiana (Rchb.f.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 635 (1937)

= Polygala alpestris var. pyrenaica Timb.-Lagr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: 131, 143 (1865)

= Polygala alpestris var. pyxophylla Avé-Lall.; 16 (1829)

= Polygala amara subsp. alpestris (Rchb.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 68 (1882), nom. illeg.

= Polygala amara var. alpestris (Rchb.) W.D.J.Koch; 92 (1836)

= Polygala calcarea J.W.Zetterst. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 557 (1878), nomen

= Polygala calcarea var. pyxophylla (Avé-Lall.) Beck; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 10: 193 (1895)

= Polygala microcarpa A.Kern.; Fl. Exsicc. Austro-Hung.: no 871 (1883) (in sched. nom. illeg.)

= Polygala microcarpa Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 4: 445 (1829), nom. inval.

= Polygala morisiana Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 18: 91 (1858)

= Polygala serpyllacea subsp. morisiana (Rchb.f.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital., ed. 2,: 289 (1894)

= Polygala serpyllacea subsp. pyxophylla (Avé-Lall.) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 61 (1910)

= Polygala serpyllacea var. pyxophylla (Avé-Lall.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 83 (1878)

= Polygala vulgaris f. morisiana (Rchb.f.) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 229 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris f. pyxophylla (Avé-Lall.) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 229 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris proles morisiana (Rchb.f.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 74 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. alpestris (Rchb.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 73 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. alpestris (Rchb.) Vollm.; 500 (1914)

= Polygala vulgaris var. alpestris (Rchb.) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 229 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris var. pyxophylla Avé-Lall.; Pl. Ital. Bor.: 16 (1829)

subspecies :

subsp. angelisii (Ten.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 84 (1878)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala angelisii Ten.; Fl. Napol. 5: 92 (1835)

subspecies :

subsp. croatica (Chodat) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 597 (1925)

Distribution: Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of NW-, C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos); European Russia; ?Northern Caucasus; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA SLV SRB 14 RUS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala amara var. croatica (Chodat) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 125 (1925)

= Polygala calcarea var. croatica (Chodat) Beck; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 10: 193 (1895)

= Polygala calcarea var. multicaulis Beck; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 10: 193 (1895)

= Polygala croatica Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2, 2): 468 (1893)

= Polygala multicaulis Kit.; Linnaea 32: 553 (1863), nom. illeg.

= Polygala pyxophylla (Avé-Lall.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 350 (1831)

subspecies :

subsp. meridionalis Arrigoni; Inform. Bot. Ital. 46(2): 240 (2014)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Polygala alpicola Rupr.; Fl. Caucasus 166 (1869)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS

species :

Polygala alpina (DC.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot.: 642 (1821)

Name: Alpen-Kreuzblümchen

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; NE-Spain; Andorra; France; N-Italy; Romania

11 AUT SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ITA ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala alpina subsp. somedana Lainz; Bol. Inst. Estud. Asturianos, Supl. Ci. 15: 27 (1970)

= Polygala alpina var. ansotana P.Monts. & L.Villar; Doc. Phytosoc., 914: 213 (1975)

= Polygala alpina var. bourgeana Chodat; Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 176, 178 (1889)

= Polygala amara subsp. alpina (Poir. ex DC.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 84 (1878)

= Polygala amara subsp. nivea (Miégev.) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 61 (1910)

= Polygala amara var. alpina DC.; Lam. & DC., Fl. Franc. ed. 3, 3: 456 (1805)

= Polygala amara var. nivea (Miégev.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 84 (1878)

= Polygala calcarea subsp. somedana (M.Laínz) Penas; Taxon 40: 615 (1991)

= Polygala glacialis Brügger; Z. Ferdinandeums Tirol 9: 73 (1860)

= Polygala ponsii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv.: 8 (1936)

species :

Polygala amara L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1154 (1759)

subspecies :

subsp. amara

Name: Bitteres Kreuzblümchen (DE)

Distribution: Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Slovenia; Croatia; ?Bulgaria

11 AUT CZE HUN POL SLO 13 CRO SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala alpestris C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer.: 103 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Polygala amara var. alpestris Wahlenb.; Fl. Suecica 1: 444 (1826) non W. D. J. Koch

= Polygala amara var. grandiflora Bogenh.; 165 (1850), nom. inval.

= Polygala calcarea subsp. amara (L.) Bonnier & Layens; 40 (1894)

= Polygala insipida Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 350 (1831)

= Polygala myrtifolia Fr.; Novit. Fl. Suec. Alt.: 227 (1828), nom. illeg.

= Polygala nivea Miégev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 12: 241 (1865)

= Polygala polymorpha var. amara (L.) Fresen.; 422 (1833), nom. illeg.

= Polygala repens Mérat ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 325 (1824), nomen

= Polygala reptans Chevall.; Fl. Gén. Env. Paris 2: 850 (1828)

= Polygala rotundifolia Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 113 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Polygala serpyllifolia Fischer-Oost.; Flora 37: 98 (1854), nom. illeg.

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. amara (L.) Celak.; 92 (1870)

= Polygala vulgaris var. grandiflora Celak.; 92 (1870), nom. inval.

subspecies :

subsp. brachyptera (Chodat) Hayek; Sched. Fl. Stiriac. 9-10: 21 (1906)

Name: Kurzflügeliges Kreuzblümchen (DE)

Distribution: Germany (+Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, +Sachsen); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Romania; Ukraine

11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 13 ITA ROM 14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala amara f. purpureoviolacea Hadac; Hadac & Smarda, 68 (1960)

= Polygala amara subsp. amblyptera (Rchb.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 68 (1882)

= Polygala amara subvar. brachyptera Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31(2, 2): 471 (1893)

= Polygala amara var. amblyptera (Rchb.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 92 (1837), nom. superfl.

= Polygala amara var. brachyptera (Chodat) Hegi; 110 (1924)

= Polygala amarella subsp. amblyptera (Rchb.) Janch.; 409 (1958), nom. inval.

= Polygala amarella subsp. amblyptera (Rchb.) Janch. ex Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 9 (1984)

= Polygala amblyptera F.W.Schultz; Flora 20: 752 (1837), nom. illeg.

= Polygala amblyptera Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 91 (1823)

= Polygala brachyptera (Chodat) Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 252 (1930), nom. illeg.

= Polygala buxifolia Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 26 (1823)

= Polygala carpatica Wol.; Spraw. Komis. Fizjogr. 22(2): 216 (1888)

= Polygala persimilis Beck; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 450 (1921)

= Polygala polymorpha var. buxifolia (Rchb.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn., 865 (1829)

= Polygala subamara Fritsch; Mitteil. Naturw. Ver. Steiermark 44: 292 (1908)

= Polygala vulgaris subvar. brachyptera Chodat; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 160 (1889)

= Polygala vulgaris var. buxifolia Dumort.; Fl. Belg.: 31 (1827)

species :

Polygala amarella Crantz; Stirp. Austr. Fasc. ed. 2: 438 (1769)

Name: Sumpf-Kreuzblümchen (DE), Dwarf Milkwort (EN)

Distribution: England (N- & SE-England); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Belgium; Luxembourg; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, +Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Romania; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia)

10 DEN FIN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA ROM SLV 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB

Remarks: amara agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala amara f. austriaca (Crantz) Wirtg.; 67 (1857)

= Polygala amara f. grenieri (Rouy & Foucaud) Hegi; 111 (1924)

= Polygala amara f. laxa (Rouy & Foucaud) Hegi; 111 (1924)

= Polygala amara f. minutiflora (Chodat) Hegi; 111 (1924)

= Polygala amara f. orbicularis (Chodat) Hegi; 111 (1924)

= Polygala amara f. ramosa (Hegetschw.) Hegi; 111 (1924)

= Polygala amara f. stellata Hudziok; 488 (1965)

= Polygala amara f. subalpina (Chodat) Hegi; 111 (1924)

= Polygala amara f. uliginosa (C.C.Gmel.) Wirtg.; 67 (1857)

= Polygala amara subsp. amarella (Crantz) Chodat; Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve 5: 160 (1889)

= Polygala amara subsp. austriaca (Crantz) Celak.; 340 (1887)

= Polygala amara subsp. austriaca (Crantz) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 83 (1878)

= Polygala amara subsp. austriaca Dostál; Kvetena CSR: 928 (1949)

= Polygala amara subsp. uliginosa (C.C.Gmel.) Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 535 (1875)

= Polygala amara var. alba H.Mart.; 123 (1817)

= Polygala amara var. alba Wibel; 224 (1799), nom. inval.

= Polygala amara var. amarella (Crantz) F.W.Schultz; 73 (1845)

= Polygala amara var. austriaca (Crantz) C.C.Gmel.; 533 (1826)

= Polygala amara var. austriaca (Crantz) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 4: 446 (1829)

= Polygala amara var. austriaca (Crantz) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 92 (1837)

= Polygala amara var. coerulea Wibel; 224 (1799), nom. inval.

= Polygala amara var. grandiflora Döll; Rhein. Fl. 693 (1843)

= Polygala amara var. grenieri Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 80 (1896)

= Polygala amara var. parviflora W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 5: 77 (1839), nom. superfl.

= Polygala amara var. uliginosa (Wender.) Wender.; Fl. Hassiaca (1846)

= Polygala amara var. uliginosa C.C.Gmel.; 533 (1826)

= Polygala amara var. uliginosa Dumort.; Fl. Belg.: 31 (1827)

= Polygala amarella subsp. austriaca (Crantz) Janch.; 409 (1958), nom. inval.

= Polygala amarella subsp. austriaca (Crantz) Janch. ex Dostál; Folia Mus. Rer. Nat. Bohem. Occid., Bot. 21: 9 (1984)

= Polygala amarella var. alpestris Wender.; 241 (1831), nom. inval.

= Polygala amarella var. austriaca (Crantz) E.Baumann; 370 (1911)

= Polygala amarella var. pratensis Wender.; 241 (1831), nom. inval.

= Polygala amarella var. salsa Degen ex Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 173 (1973)

= Polygala amarella var. uliginosa (C.C.Gmel.) Wender.; Schriften Ges. Beförd. Gesammten Naturwiss. Marburg 2: 241 (1831)

= Polygala austriaca Crantz; Stirp. Austr. Fasc. ed. 2: 439 (1769)

= Polygala austriaca f. ramosa Rudolf; H. Hergt, 7 (1901)

= Polygala austriaca var. uliginosa (C.C.Gmel.) Gren.; 198 (1847)

= Polygala calcarea subsp. amara Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 40 (1894)

= Polygala calcarea subsp. amarella (Crantz) Bonnier & Layens; Fl. Port. France: 40 (1909)

= Polygala calcarea subsp. austriaca (Crantz) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 40 (1894)

= Polygala decipiens Besser; Enum. Pl. Volh. 73 (1822)

= Polygala fatua Wallr.; Linnaea 14: 613 (1841)

= Polygala polymorpha var. austriaca (Crantz) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn., 866 (1829), nom. illeg.

= Polygala polymorpha var. uliginosa (C.C.Gmel.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn., 866 (1829)

= Polygala ramosa Hegetschw.; 686 (1840)

= Polygala subvirgata Gand.; Dec. Pl. Nov. 2: 5 (1876)

= Polygala uliginosa Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. 1: 23 (1823), et Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 2: 193 (1832), non Pers.

= Polygala vulgaris var. parviflora Celak.; 92 (1870)

species :

Polygala amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 24 (1834-35)

Distribution: Zimbabwe; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho

26 ZIM 27 LES SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala acuminata E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pfl. Docum. 212 (1843), nomen

species :

Polygala amboniensis Gürke; Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. (1894) 14 et 22; et in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C 234 (1895)

Distribution: SW-Somalia; E-Kenya; NE-Tanzania

24 SOM 25 KEN TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala liniflora Bojer ex Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 367 (1893)

= Polygala sennii Chiov.; Fl. Somala, II. 14 (1932)

species :

Polygala amphothrix S.F.Blake; Contrib. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 39 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala anatolica Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 1: 57 (1854)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; European Russia; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Syria (coastal W-Syria)

13 BUL ROM TUE 14 KRY RUS 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala major var. anatolica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 31(2): 437 (1893)

species :

Polygala andensis Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 25 (1893)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala andringitrensis Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 260 (1998), nom. nov.

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala bicornis H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malfache, n. s. 14: 8 (1931 publ. 1932), non (Burch.) Chodat

species :

Polygala angolensis Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 318 (1912)

Distribution: SW-Angola

26 ANG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala ficalhoana Exell & Mendonça; Carrisso, Consp. Fl. Angol. 1: 99 (1937)

species :

Polygala ankaratrensis H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malfache, n. s. 14: 6 (1931 publ. 1932)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala mucronata Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 89 (1883)

species :

Polygala annectens S.F.Blake; N. Am. Fl. 25: 326 (1924)

Distribution: Mexico (Puebla)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala antunesii Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 131 (1902)

Distribution: SW-Angola

26 ANG

species :

Polygala apiculata Porta; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 238 (1879)

Name: Kalabrische Kreuzblümchen

Distribution: S-Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala vulgaris var. apiculata (Porta) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 124 (1926)

= Polygala huterana Chodat; Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. 18(9): 297 (1887) nom. illeg.

= Polygala huteri Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31(2,2): 447 (1893) nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala apodanthera S.F.Blake; Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 51: 88 (1924)

Distribution: Colombia (Tolima)

82 CLM

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala appressipilis S.F.Blake; Contrib. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 41 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala arcuata Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25(19): 54-55, t. 1 (1908)

Distribution: Taiwan (Nantou Xian)

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala crassiuscula Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 32-33. (1913)

species :

Polygala arenaria Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 880 (1802)

Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; ?Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; S-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Malawi; Mozambique

22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 BUR CAB CAF CMN CON GAB RWA ZAI 24 CHA SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala chodatiana Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: 45 (1896) non A. W. Benn.

= Polygala nutans Hook.f.; Niger Fl. (Hook.). 222 (1849)

species :

Polygala arenicola Gürke; Warb., Kunene-Sambesi Exped. 273 (1903)

Distribution: ?SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia

26 ANG ZAM

species :

Polygala argentea Thulin; Nordic J. Bot. 10(5): 468 (1990)

Distribution: Somalia

24 SOM

Remarks: only known from type collected in 1989

species :

Polygala arillata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 199 (1825)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, N agaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Palawan

36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 PLW

Synonyms: hidden

= Chamaebuxus arillata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Hassk.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 153 (1863)

= Chamaebuxus arillata var. brachybotrys Hassk.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 154. 1863-64

= Chamaebuxus arillata var. robusta Hassk.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 154 (1863)

= Chamaebuxus paniculata Hassk.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 154 (1863)

= Polygala angustifolia (Chodat) R.N.Banerjee; Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 26(1-2): 2 (1984 publ. 1985)

= Polygala angustifolia var. scandens (Mukerjee) G.S.Giri & R.N.Banerjee; Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 26(1-2): 3 (1984 publ. 1985)

= Polygala arillata f. scandens Mukerjee

= Polygala arillata var. angustifolia Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genev. 31: 95 (1893)

= Polygala hasskarlii Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 2: 254 (1935)

= Polygala kerrii Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 235 (1922)

= Polygala wistariifolia Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52(1-2, Beibl. 115): 70-71 (1914)

variant :

var. chartacea (Mukerjee) G.S.Giri; Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 26(1-2): 5 (1984 publ. 1985)

Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu, Kerala)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala arillata f. chartacea Mukerjee; Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 12: 32 (1958)

variant :

var. laevicarpa R.N.Banerjee & G.S.Giri; Candollea 42(2): 557 (1987)

Distribution: W-Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim)

40 IND NEP

variant :

var. ovata Gagnep.; Fl. Indo-Chine Suppl. 1: 231 (1939)

Distribution: China (Hubei, Sichuan); N-Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

variant :

var. purpurascens C.B.Clarke ex Mukerjee; Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 12: 32 (1958)

Distribution: Bhutan; India (West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim)

40 BHU IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala arillata f. sikkimensis Mukerjee; Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 12: 32 (1958)

variant :

var. revoluta (Mukerjee) G.S.Giri; Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 26(1-2): 5 (1984 publ. 1985)

Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala arillata f. revoluta Mukerjee; Bull. Bot. Soc. Benga112: 32 (1958)

species :

Polygala arvensis Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3(2): 876 (1802)

Distribution: China (Anhui, ?Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (South Andamans); Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobars); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Johor); Sumatra; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Semirara, Mindanao); ?Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Sumba); Moluccas (Seram, Ambon); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia); Fed. States of Micronesia (Pohnpei)

36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN IND PAK SRL 41 AND CBD NCB THA VIE 42 LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL SUM 50 AUS 62 MIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala angustifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4170 D (1831), nomen

= Polygala arvensis var. hirsuta (Mukerjee) Deb; Fl. Tripura State 1: 248 (1981)

= Polygala arvensis var. latifolia (Chodat) Bennet & Raizada; Indian Forester, 109(4): 221 (1983)

= Polygala brachystachya DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 326 (1824)

= Polygala chinensis f. arvensis (Willd.) Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31(2): 386 (1893)

= Polygala chinensis var. brachystachya (Blume) Benn.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1(1): 204 (1872)

= Polygala cyanolopha Hance; J. Bot. 4: 117 (1866)

= Polygala kinii Cout.; Mém. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin. 6(1): 34 (1920)

= Polygala linarifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4170 E (1831), nomen

= Polygala polyfolia C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 2: 101 (1830) (polifolia auct.)

= Polygala quinqueflora Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4170 C (1831), nomen

= Polygala shimadae Masam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 3: 114 (1931)

= Polygala warburgii Chodat ex Warb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 346 (1891)

species :

Polygala arvicola Bojer; Bouton, 12me Rapp. Ann. Maur. 13 (1842)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala bojeri Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 365 (1893)

= Polygala subaphylla H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malgache, n. s. 14: 11 (1931 publ. 1932)

species :

Polygala asbestina Burch.; Trav. S. Africa 1: 543 (1822)

Distribution: South Africa (North-West Prov., Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala aschersoniana Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 547 (1895)

Distribution: Libya (Cyrenaica)

20 LBY

species :

Polygala atacorensis Jacq.-Fél.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 99: 66 (1952), in clavi

Distribution: Senegal; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Cameroon

22 BEN BKN GHA IVO MLI SEN TOG 23 CMN

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala triquetra A.Chev.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58(Mém. 8d): 138 (1912) (non C. Presl 1845)

species :

Polygala azizsancarii Dönmez; Phytotaxa 340(3): 256 (2018)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Polygala baetica Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 559 (1878)

Distribution: S-Spain; Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala baetica f. balleana Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31: 447 (1893)

= Polygala baetica var. balleana (Chodat) Chodat; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 12: 164 (1913)

= Polygala baetica var. pallescens Emb. & Maire; Pl. Marocc. Nov. 3: 2 (1930)

= Polygala baetica var. sennenii (Pau) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 458 (1932)

= Polygala baetica var. stenoptera Humbert & Maire; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22: 6 (1929)

= Polygala major subsp. baetica (Willk.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2: 48 (1889)

= Polygala major var. baetica (Willk.) A.W.Benn.; J. Bot. 16: 274 (1878)

= Polygala nicaeensis Willk. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3(3): 559 (1878) non Risso ex W. D. J. Koch

= Polygala rosea subsp. baetica (Willk.) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 61 (1910)

= Polygala senneniana Pau; Cavanillesia 3: 77 (1930)

= Polygala sennenii Pau; Font Quer, Exsicc. (Iter Marocc.) 1929: no. 293 (1930)

species :

Polygala baikiei Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geveve 31: n. 2 334 (1893)

subspecies :

subsp. baikiei

Distribution: Guinea-Bissau; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; N-Cameroon; SW-Chad

22 BEN BKN GNB IVO MLI NGA TOG 23 CMN 24 CHA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala tenuicaulis var. longifolia Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 127 (1868)

subspecies :

subsp. pobeguinii (A.Chev. & Jacq.-Fél.) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 201 (1998)

Distribution: Guinea

22 GUI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala pobeguinii A.Chev. & Jacq.-Fél.; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 2, 10: 442 (1938)

species :

Polygala bakeriana Chodat; J. Bot., 199 (1896)

Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; Uganda; N-Tanzania

23 RWA ZAI 25 TAN UGA

species :

Polygala barbata R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 99 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala barbellata S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(1): 83-85, f. 4: 1-9 (1980)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Polygala bariensis Thulin; Nordic J. Bot. 10(5): 467 (1990)

Distribution: E-Somalia

24 SOM

species :

Polygala barklyensis R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 99 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala baumii Gürke; Warb., Kunene-Sambesi Exped. 276 (1903)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia

23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala congestiflora I.M.Johnst.; Contr. Gray Herb. 73: 37 (1924)

= Polygala dewevrei var. schmitzii E.M.A.Petit; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 25: 333 (1955)

species :

Polygala bawanglingensis F.W.Xing & Z.X.Li; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 6(6): 54, f. 1 (1990)

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

species :

Polygala bennae Jacq.-Fél.; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 2, 10: 440 (1938)

Distribution: Guinea

22 GUI

Remarks: only known from type collected before 1938

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara bennae (Jacq.-Fél.) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 127 (1998)

species :

Polygala bifoliata R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 100 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala biformipilis S.F.Blake; Contrib. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 52 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Michoacan, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala birmanica Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 126 (1895)

Distribution: Myanmar

41 MYA

species :

Polygala boissieri Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit.: 100 (1851)

Distribution: SE-Spain; Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala major var. boissieri (Coss.) A.W.Benn.; J. Bot. 16: 273 (1878)

= Polygala major Webb; Iter Hispan.: 66 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Polygala rosea Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 81 (1839), nom. illeg.

= Polygala rosea subsp. boissieri (Coss.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 15: 95 (1924)

= Polygala rosea var. boissieri (Coss.) Bonnet; Expl. Sci. Tunisie, Cat. Pl.: ? (1896)

species :

Polygala bolbothrix Dunn; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1: 58 (1915) & in Bull. Misc. Inf. Kew 1916: 13 (1916)

Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Vietnam

40 IND 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala ciliata Wight ex A.W.Benn.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 204 (1874) non L.

= Polygala ciliata Wight & Arn.; Prodr. 38 (1834), non L.

= Polygala ramaswamiana Mukerjee; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 53: 55 (1955)

variant :

var. devicolamensis (Mukerjee) R.N.Banerjee; B. D. Sharma & N. P. Balakr. et al., Fl. India 2: 463 (1993)

Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu, Kerala)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala ramaswamiana f. devicolamensis Mukerjee; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 53: 56 (1955)

= Polygala bolbothrix var. devicolamensis (Mukerjee) R.N.Banerjee & N.P.Balakr.; Fl. Kerala (2005), isonym

variant :

var. pulniensis (Mukerjee) R.N.Banerjee; B. D. Sharma & N. P. Balakr. et al., Fl. India 2: 463 (1993)

Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu, Kerala)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala ramaswamiana var. pulniensis Mukerjee; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 53: 56 (1955)

= Polygala bolbothrix var. pulniensis (Mukerjee) R.N.Banerjee & N.P.Balakr.; Fl. Kerala (2005), isonym

species :

Polygala bomiensis S.K.Chen & J.Parn.; Fl. China 11: 157 (2008)

Distribution: Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Polygala bowkerae Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 92 (1860)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala gracilipes var. angustifolia Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 410 (1893)

= Polygala gracilipes var. macrostachya Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 410 (1893)

= Polygala hispida E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Dokum.: 212 (1843), nomen

species :

Polygala brachyphylla Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Gení¨ve 31(2: 2): 417 (1893)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala brevifolia Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 90 (1860), non Nutt.

species :

Polygala brachysepala S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 44 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, San Luis Potosi)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala brachytropis S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 46 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala bracteolata L.; Sp. Pl. 702 (1753)

Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala bracteata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 120 (1800), orth. var.

= Polygala bracteolata var. racemosa Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 84 (1860)

= Polygala bracteolata var. umbellata Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 84 (1860)

= Polygala burmanni Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral.: 21 (1835), nom. illeg.

= Polygala calycina C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 445 (1845)

= Polygala intermedia Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 21 (1834-35), nom. illeg.

= Polygala lasiopoda C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 445 (1845)

= Polygala pilifera Hoffmanns.; Preiss-Verzeichn. Pflanzen. 10: 82 (1841)

= Polygala pubiflora Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 20 (1834-35)

= Polygala subulata E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pfl. Docum. 212 (1843), nomen

= Psychanthus bracteolatus (L.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 7: 140 (1838)

species :

Polygala brandegeeana Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52: Beibl. 115, 72 (1914)

Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, Queretaro)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala brevialata Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 234 (1893)

Distribution: Colombia (Magdalena); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Bolívar, Cojedes, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Monagas); Ecuador

82 CLM VEN 83 ECU

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala aristeguietae Wurdack; Bol. Soc. Venezuela Cienc. Nat. 22: 3 (1961)

= Polygala subsecunda S.F.Blake; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 87 (1924)

species :

Polygala bringelii J.F.B.Pastore & Antar; Eur. J. Taxon. 762: 135 (2021)

Distribution: Brazil (Tocantins)

84 BRA

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely into Senega

species :

Polygala britteniana Chodat; J. Bot. 34: 198 (1896)

Distribution: Chad; Zambia

24 CHA 26 ZAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala phyllostigma (Chodat) Exell & Mendonça; Carrisso, Consp. Fl. Angol. 1: 98 (1937)

= Polygala britteniana var. phyllostigma Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 319 (1912)

species :

Polygala butyracea Heckel; Bull. Soc. geogr. Marseille. [Veget. util. tropical Afr.] (1889) 4, t. 1, et in Hook. Icon. pl. 24: t. 2410 (1894)

Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Togo; Nigeria; Central African Republic; Java [I]

22 BKN GUI IVO NGA SIE TOG 23 CAF 42 jaw

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala oleifera Backer; Schoolfl. Java, 79 (1911), in syn.:

variant :

var. carunculata Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 201 (1998)

Distribution: Ghana

22 GHA

species :

Polygala buxiformis Hassk.; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 161 (1864)

Distribution: Pakistan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh); ?Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. & Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; peninsular Malaysia

40 BAN IND PAK 41 MYA 42 MLY

species :

Polygala cabrae Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 888 (1898)

Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Cabinda; D.R.Congo [Zaire]

22 NGA 23 BIO CAB CMN GAB ZAI

Conservation Status: IUCN NT (Cameroon)

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara cabrae (Chodat) Paiva; Fontqueria, 50: 128 (1998)

species :

Polygala caerulescens S.F.Blake; N. Am. Fl. 25: 367 (1924)

Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Puebla)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala calcarea F.W.Schultz; Flora (Regensburg) 20: 752 (1837)

Name: Kalk-Kreuzblümchen (DE), Chalk Milkwort (EN)

Distribution: England (S-England); Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland); Switzerland; Spain; Andorra; France; ?Italy

10 GRB 11 BGM GER LUX SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala amara var. calcarea (F.W.Schultz) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 231 (1901)

= Polygala amarella var. cantalicum (Jord.Puyf.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 77 (1896)

= Polygala amarella var. lanceolatum Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 77 (1896)

= Polygala amarella var. lanceolatum Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 3: 77 (1896)

= Polygala amarella var. minus Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 77 (1896)

= Polygala amarella var. ovatum Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 76 (1896)

= Polygala buxifolia var. glabra Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 26 (1823)

= Polygala calcarea f. albiflora Andres; (1928), nom. inval.

= Polygala calcarea f. grandis Sennen; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 4: 309 (1905), nomen

= Polygala calcarea f. rosea Andres; (1928), nom. inval.

= Polygala calcarea proles corbariensis (Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 77 (1896)

= Polygala calcarea subsp. corbariensis (Timb.-Lagr.) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 61 (1910)

= Polygala calcarea var. angustifolia Sennen & Pau; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 21: 106 (1911)

= Polygala calcarea var. cantalica (Jord.Puyf.) Rouy & Foucaud; 77 (1896)

= Polygala calcarea var. condensata (Chodat) Hegi; 108 (1924)

= Polygala calcarea var. corbariensis Timb.-Lagr.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 10: 88 (1892)

= Polygala calcarea var. eliasii Sennen & Pau; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1911: no. 1288 (1912), nomen

= Polygala calcarea var. irimargarum P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 632 (1936), nomen

= Polygala calcarea var. ovata Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 76, 77 (1896)

= Polygala calcarea var. paui Chodat; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 12: 160 (1913)

= Polygala calcarea var. subrosea Loscos & J.Pardo ex Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 556 (1878)

= Polygala calcarea var. timbalii Legrand; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 28: 54 (1881)

= Polygala corbariensis (Timb.-Lagr.) A.W.Hill; Index Kew., Suppl. 6: 161 (1926)

= Polygala heribaudii Sennen; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 11: 183 (1912)

= Polygala timbalii Legrand; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 28: 54 (1881)

= Polygala vulgaris var. calcarea (F.W.Schultz) Döll; Rhein. Fl. 692 (1843)

species :

Polygala callispora Chodat; Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 115: 70 (1914)

Distribution: SW-India

40 IND

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Polygala canaliculata R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 101 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala cardiocarpa Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 41: 293 (1872)

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Shan); N-Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl.)

36 CHI 40 BAN 41 MYA THA 42 MLY

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara birmanica Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 47 (1891)

= Heterosamara cardiocarpa (Kurz) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 133 (1998)

= Polygala heteroptera A.W.Benn. ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 47 (1891)

= Polygala lacei Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1916(10): 260 (1916), nom. nov. for P. palustris Lace

= Polygala palustris Lace; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915: 345 (1915)

species :

Polygala carnosa Mukerjee; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 51: 525 (1953)

Distribution: Myanmar

41 MYA

species :

Polygala carnosicaulis W.H.Chen & Y.M.Shui; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 24(4): 428 (2002)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Polygala carrissoana Exell & Mendonça; Bol. Soc. Brot. 1938-9, Ser. 2, 13: 307 (1939)

Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; Cabinda; W-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola

23 CAB CON ZAI 26 ANG

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara carrissoana (Exell & Mendonça) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 129 (1998)

species :

Polygala carueliana (Burnat ex A.W.Benn.) Caruel; Parl., Fl. Ital. 9: 117 (1890)

Name: Apuanische Kreuzblümchen

Distribution: Italy (Alpi Apuane)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala vulgaris var. carueliana Burnat ex A.W.Benn.; J. Bot. 16: 266 (1878)

= Polygala vulgaris var. carueliana A.W.Benn.; J. Bot. 16: 266 (1878)

species :

Polygala caucasica Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Petersbourg 15(2): 165 (1869)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (incl. Abkhazia); Armenia; Azerbaijan; E-Turkey

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR

species :

Polygala caudata Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wils. 2(1): 161-162 (1914)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, ?Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim); N-Vietnam

36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara caudata (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Paiva & P.Silveira; Nordic J. Bot. 25(5-6): 290 (2008)

= Polygala comesperma Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52(1-2, Beibl. 115): 71-72 (1914)

= Polygala mariesii Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23(152): 61, t. 2, f. 7-13 (1886)

species :

Polygala chiapensis S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 40 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala cisandina Chodat; Meded. Herb. Leid. No. 27, 28 (1915)

Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz)

83 BOL

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala citrina Thulin; Nordic J. Bot. 10(5): 474 (1990)

Distribution: SE-Somalia

24 SOM

species :

Polygala clavistyla R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 102 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala comosa Schkuhr; Bot. Handb. 2: 324 (1796)

subspecies :

subsp. comosa

Name: Schopf-Kreuzblümchen (DE)

Distribution: Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Khabarovsk); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); China (Xinjiang); Mongolia

10 FIN SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 NCS 34 TUR 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala angustata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 89 (1866)

= Polygala comosa f. lejeunei (Boreau) Ahlfv.; Neuman, 302 (1901)

= Polygala comosa f. leucostachys (Borbás) Ahlfv.; Neuman, 302 (1901)

= Polygala comosa f. oxysepala (Borbás) Ahlfv.; Neuman, 302 (1901)

= Polygala comosa subsp. lejeunei (Boreau) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 83 (1878)

= Polygala comosa subsp. provincialis (Rouy & Foucaud) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 634 (1936)

= Polygala comosa var. adscendens Wender.; 241 (1831), nom. inval.

= Polygala comosa var. albiflora Bellynck; 321 (1855)

= Polygala comosa var. altaica Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2): 453 (1893)

= Polygala comosa var. elatior Wender.; 241 (1831), nom. inval.

= Polygala comosa var. grandiflora Wirtg.; 31 (1842)

= Polygala comosa var. hybrida (DC.) Petelin; Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal´nego Vostoka 2: 192 (1987)

= Polygala comosa var. lejeunei (Boreau) Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 2: 454 (1893)

= Polygala comosa var. litigiosa Legrand; Statist. Bot. Forez: 84 (1873)

= Polygala comosa var. rosulata Bolle; 18 (1865)

= Polygala comosa var. stricta Wender.; 241 (1831), nom. inval.

= Polygala hybrida DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 325 (1824)

= Polygala lejeunei Boreau; Fl. Centre France, ed. 2, 2: 71 (1849)

= Polygala mori Brittinger ex Opiz; Naturalientausch 11: 307 (1826), sphalm.

= Polygala pinetorum Alechin; Predv. Otcet Rabot. Nizegorod. Geobot. Eksped. 4: 92 (1929)

= Polygala podolica DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 325 (1824)

= Polygala polymorpha var. comosa (Schkuhr) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn., 865 (1829), nom. illeg.

= Polygala vilhelmii Podp.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 54: 330 (1904)

= Polygala vulgaris lusus communis Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 515 (1862)

= Polygala vulgaris lusus intermedia Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 516 (1862)

= Polygala vulgaris lusus podolica (DC.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 516 (1862)

= Polygala vulgaris proles lejeunei (Boreau) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 69 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. comosa (Schkuhr) Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 534 (1875)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. provincialis Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 69 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris subvar. deseglisei (Le Grand) Chodat; Soc. Étude Fl. Franco-Helv., 12 (1894)

= Polygala vulgaris var. comosa (Schkuhr) Döll; Rhein. Fl. 692 (1843)

= Polygala vulgaris var. comosa (Schkuhr) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 514 (1862), isonym

= Polygala vulgaris var. grandiflora Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 68 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris var. pyramidalis Chodat; Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 144 (1889)

= Polygala vulgaris var. stricta (Chodat) Vollm.; 500 (1914)

= Polygala wolfgangiana Bess. ex Szafer, Kulcz. & Pawl.; Rosl. Polsk.: 325 (1924)

= Polygala wolfgangiana subsp. rosulata Charit.; Form. Rastitel´n. Pokrova Basseyna Irtysha 90 (2022)

subspecies :

subsp. alibotuschiense Degen & Dren.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 32: 148 (1933)

Distribution: Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of NC- & NE-Greece, Mt. Athos)

13 BUL GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala comosa var. alibotuschiense (Degen & Dren.) Kozuharov & Petrova; Fl. Nar. Republ. Bulgariya 7: 208 (1979)

species :

Polygala compacta Rose; U. S. Dept. Agric. Contrib. Nat. Herb. 8: 315 (1905)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Sur, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala pubescens Chodat; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 4: 331 (1896), nom. illeg.

= Polygala pubescens var. gracilis Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 22 (1893)

species :

Polygala compressa H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malgache, o. s. 14: 17 (1931 publ. 1932)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala compressa f. mandrarensis H.Perrier; Fl. Madagasc. 109: 22 (1955)

species :

Polygala conosperma Bojer; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 2, 4: 266 (1835)

Distribution: Kenya; N-Tanzania

25 KEN TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala aphrodisiaca Gürke; Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. B (1895) 514, et C 234 (1895)

species :

Polygala conzattii Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 307 (1911)

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala conzattii Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 454 (1913), nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala coralliformis R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 102 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala crassitesta R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 103 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala crista-galli Chodat; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genbe ser. 2, 5: 110 (1913)

Name: Hahnenkamm-Kreuzblümchen (DE)

Distribution: S-Greece (mountains of S-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

species :

Polygala cristata P.Taylor; Kew Bull. 1953: 78 (1953)

Distribution: ?Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast

22 IVO LBR SIE

species :

Polygala crotalarioides Buch.-Ham. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 327 (1824)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, N-Yunnan); S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tripura, Uttarakhand); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam

36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 LAO MYA THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala ardisioides Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1925: 17 (1925)

= Polygala capitata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prod. Fl. Nep. 199 (1825)

= Polygala crotalarioides var. glabrescens Collett & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28: 22 (1890)

= Polygala pygmaea Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 373 (1841), nomen

= Polygala umbrosa Mart.; Denkschr. Bot. Ges. Regensb. 1: 183 (1815)

species :

Polygala cuspidulata S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 45 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala dasanensis Thulin; Nordic J. Bot. 21: 394 (2001 publ. 2002)

Distribution: NE-Somalia

24 SOM

Remarks: only known from type collected in 2000

species :

Polygala dasyphylla Levyns; J. South Afr. Bot. 21: 39 (1955)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala decidua S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 97 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Guanajuato, Michoacan)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala declinata (Harv.) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 210 (1998)

Distribution: South Africa (Gauteng)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala hispida var. declinata Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 91 (1860)

species :

Polygala deflorata Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 23 (1893)

Distribution: ?Peru

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala dependens R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 104 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala dewevrei Exell; J. Bot. 70: 186 (1932)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; E-Angola; Zambia

23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM

species :

Polygala dhofarica Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 181 (1895)

Distribution: Oman (Dhofar)

35 OMA

species :

Polygala didyma C.Y.Wu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(1): 82-83, f. 3, 4-6 (1980)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan: Gongshan Xian)

36 CHI

species :

Polygala difficilis R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 104 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala dimorphotricha R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 105 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala dispar Ghaz.; Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(1): 59 (1994)

Distribution: Oman

35 OMA

species :

Polygala doerfleri Hayek; Beitr. Kenntn. Fl. Albanisch-Montenegr. Grenzgeb.: 33 (1917)

Name: Albanisches Kreuzblümchen (DE)

Distribution: Kosovo; N-Albania

13 ALB KOS

species :

Polygala dunniana H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9(214-216): 326 (1911)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Polygala edmundii Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 911 (1896)

Distribution: NW-Spain (Cordillera Cantabrica)

12 SPA

species :

Polygala effusa Paiva & Thulin; Nordic J. Bot. 10(5): 471 (1990)

Distribution: E-Ethiopia; Somalia

24 ETH SOM

species :

Polygala ehlersii Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19(47): 36 (1894)

Distribution: Chad; S-Kenya; N-Tanzania

24 CHA 25 KEN TAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala kaessneri Gürke; M. D. Bigger, Checklist Fl. Kilimanjaro: 8 (1968)

species :

Polygala elegans Wall. ex Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 76 (1839)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Uttarakhand, Garhwal, Arunachal Pradesh)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala elegans Wall.; (Cat. 147, no. 4186 (1831), nomen) ex Royle, op. cit. 76 (1834)

= Polygala myrsinites Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. t. 19A 1-3 (1834)

= Polygala sibirica subsp. elegans (Wall. ex Royle) Kit Tan; Edinburgh J. Bot. 47(3): 353 (1990)

= Polygala sibirica var. elegans (Royle) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 47: 272 (1972)

species :

Polygala emirnensis Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 89 (1883)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Polygala engleri Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 309 (1912)

Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi

23 CON RWA ZAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara engleri (Chodat) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 125 (1998)

species :

Polygala engleriana Buscal. & Muschl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 476 (1913)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Zambia; ?Zimbabwe

23 ZAI 26 ZAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala friesii Chodat; Wiss Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo-Exped. 1911-12 1: 113 (1914)

species :

Polygala ephedroides Burch.; Trav. 1: 465 (1822)

Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala genistoides var. ephedroides (Burch.) DC.

= Polygala xerophytica Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 329 (1912)

species :

Polygala ericifolia DC.; Prod. 1: 323 (1824)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala acerosa E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pfl. Docum. 212 (1843)

= Polygala eckloniana Lehm.; Del. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 8 (1830)

= Polygala ericifolia var. eckloniana (Lehm.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 87 (1860)

= Polygala mundiana Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 22 (1834-35)

species :

Polygala eriocephala F.Muell. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 139 (1863)

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala erioptera DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 326 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. erioptera

Distribution: ?Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, Nile Valley, SE-Egypt); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Santa Luzia Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Sal Isl., Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl., Ilha Brava); Mauritania; Senegal; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Niger; Nigeria; N-Cameroon; Central African Republic; Cabinda; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Somalia; Abd-al-Kuri Isl.; Samha Isl.; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga); Iran (S-Iran); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, Tihama, W-Yemen); Pakistan (Karachi, Sind, Baluchistan, Pakistani Punjab); India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam

20 ALG EGY LBY WSA 21 CVI 22 BKN GHA IVO MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN TOG 23 CAB CAF CMN RWA ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SOC SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 NAM SAF 34 IRN SIN 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 40 BAN IND LDV MDV PAK 41 MYA THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala arabica Edgew.; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 16: 1213 (1847), nom. illeg.

= Polygala erioptera f. fallax Roberty

= Polygala erioptera var. abyssinica Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 344 (1893)

= Polygala erioptera var. foliosa Schweinf.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(App. 2): 297 (1899)

= Polygala erioptera var. maxima Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 344 (1893)

= Polygala leptorhiza DC.; Prod. 1: 326 (1824)

= Polygala linearis R.Br.; Salt, Abyss. App. 65 (1814), nomen

= Polygala multibracteata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4174 (1831), nomen

= Polygala noucherensis Cambess.; Jacquem., Voy. Inde 4: 24 (1841)

= Polygala nubica Hochst. ex Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 343 (1893)

= Polygala nubica Hochst. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 129 (1868)

= Polygala obtusata DC.; Prod. 1: 326 (1824)

= Polygala oligantha A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 38 (1847)

= Polygala paulayana Vierh.; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr., 35 (1904)

= Polygala retusa Hochst. ex Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 342 (1893), nomen

= Polygala retusa Hochst. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 129 (1868)

= Polygala schimperi Hassk.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 178 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Polygala serpillifolia Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 5: 499 (1804), nom. illeg.

= Polygala serpyllifolia Wight; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4173 (1831), nomen

= Polygala thurmanniana Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 346 (1893)

= Polygala tomentosa Vahl ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 326 (1824), nomen

= Polygala triflora Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 128 (1868), nom. illeg.

= Polygala erioptera var. vahliana (DC.) Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31: 345 (1893)

= Polygala vahliana DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 326 (1824)

subspecies :

subsp. petraea (Chodat) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 172 (1998)

Distribution: Angola; South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

26 ANG 27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala petraea Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 346 (1893)

species :

Polygala erlangeri Gürke ex Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 313 (1912)

Distribution: E-Ethiopia; Somalia; NE-Kenya

24 ETH SOM 25 KEN

species :

Polygala erubescens E.Mey. ex Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve. 31: n. 2 398 (1893)

Distribution: South Africa (Free State, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho

27 LES SAF

species :

Polygala evolvulacea Barneby; Rhodora 72: 67 (1970)

Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala exelliana Troupin; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 19: 206 (1948)

Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; ?Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi

23 ZAI 26 MLW ZAM

species :

Polygala exilis DC.; Cat. Pl. Hort. Monsp.: 133 (1813)

Distribution: Switzerland; Spain; France; Italy

11 SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Microlophium exile (DC.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. L. Lyon, N. S. 17: 195 (1869)

= Polygala exilis subsp. linearis (Lag.) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 62 (1910)

= Polygala exilis subsp. parviflora Loisel. ex Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 62 (1910)

= Polygala exilis var. gracillima Costa; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 3: 177 (1874)

= Polygala exilis var. linearis (Lag.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur.: 211 (1855)

= Polygala linearis Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl.: 22 (1816)

= Polygala nova Boissieu; Fl. Europe 1: t. 174, f. 1 (1805)

= Polygala paniculata Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: cxvii (1775), nom. illeg.

= Polygala parviflora Loisel.; J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 360 (1809), nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala exsquarrosa Adema; Blumea 14: 268 (1967)

Distribution: Moluccas (Aru Isl.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)

42 MOL NWG 50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala arvensis var. squarrosa Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: (1863)

= Polygala chinensis var. squarrosa (Benth.) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 857 (1927)

species :

Polygala fadimeana Dönmez & Cecen; Nordic J. Bot. 2023(6)-e03951: 3 (2023)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Polygala fischeri Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. 14: 310 (1892)

Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; Uganda; NE-Tanzania

23 RWA ZAI 25 TAN UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala sphenoptera var. fischeri (Gürke) E.M.A.Petit; Fl. Congo Belge 7: 252 (1958)

= Polygala lentiana Gürke; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 233 (1895)

species :

Polygala flavescens DC.; Cat. Pl. Hort. Monsp.: 134 (1813)

subspecies :

subsp. flavescens

Name: Gelbes Kreuzblümchen

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala vulgaris var. flavescens (DC.) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 230 (1901)

= Polygala rogeri Oertz. ex Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 340 (1831)

subspecies :

subsp. maremmana (Fiori) Arrigoni; Inform. Bot. Ital. 46(2): 251 (2014)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala flavescens var. maremmana Fiori; Sched. Fl. Ital. Exs. (in sched.) no. 923 (1905)

subspecies :

subsp. pisaurensis (Caldesi) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. 68 (1882)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala pisaurensis Caldesi; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 189 (1879)

= Polygala vulgaris var. pisaurensis (Caldesi) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 230 (1901)

species :

Polygala forbesii Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 234 (1896)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala aureocauda Dunn; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911(4): 188 (1911)

= Polygala fallax Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23(152): 59-60 (1886) (not Hayek ex Zahlbr.)

species :

Polygala forojulensis A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 24: 102 (1874)

subspecies :

subsp. forojulensis

Distribution: Italy; Slovenia

13 ITA SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala nicaeensis subsp. forojulensis (A.Kern.) P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 338 (1916)

= Polygala pedemontana subsp. forojulensis (A.Kern.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 28(1): 107 (1993)

= Polygala vulgaris f. forojulensis (A.Kern.) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 230 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris var. forojulensis (A.Kern.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2(1): 124 (1925)

subspecies :

subsp. adriatica (Chodat) Arrigoni; Inform. Bot. Ital. 46(2): 248 (2014)

Distribution: Italy; Slovenia; Croatia

13 CRO ITA SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala nicaeensis subvar. istriensis Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 461 (1893)

= Polygala nicaeensis var. adriatica Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31: 461 (1893)

= Polygala vulgaris var. adriatica (Chodat) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 124 (1925)

subspecies :

subsp. carniolica (A.Kern.) Arrigoni; Inform. Bot. Ital. 46(2): 248 (2014)

Distribution: Germany; Switzerland; Hungary; Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece

11 GER HUN SWI 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala amara subsp. carniolica (A.Kern.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 49 (1889)

= Polygala carniolica A.Kern.; Fl. Exsicc. Austro-Hung.: no 870 (1883) (in sched. basion.)

= Polygala kerneri Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol 6(2): 764 (1909)

= Polygala nicaeensis f. speciosa (Chodat) A.Kern.; C. de Marchesetti, Fl. Trieste: 54 (1896)

= Polygala nicaeensis subsp. carniolica (A.Kern.) P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 339 (1916)

= Polygala nicaeensis subvar. speciosa Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 461 (1893)

= Polygala vulgaris f. speciosa (Chodat) Fiori & Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 230 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris var. speciosa (Chodat) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 124 (1925)

species :

Polygala fragilis Paiva; Portug. Acta Biol., B 9: 175 (1968)

Distribution: Angola

26 ANG

species :

Polygala francisci Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 31: 7 (1957)

Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique

26 MOZ ZIM

species :

Polygala fruticosa P.J.Bergius; Desc. Pl. Cap. 183 (1767)

Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala attenuata G.Lodd. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 351 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Polygala borboniifolia Burch. ex DC.; Prod. 1: 322 (1824)

= Polygala cordifolia Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 120 (1800)

= Polygala diffusa A.Dietr.; Allg. Gartenzeitung (Otto & Dietrich) 2: 114 (1834)

= Polygala dregeana C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 444 (1845)

= Polygala glauca E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pfl. Docum. 212 (1843), nomen

= Polygala grandis Anon.; Gartenflora 36: 241 (1887), nom. illeg.

= Polygala imbricata Hayek; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 15: 45 (1900 publ. 1901)

= Polygala latifolia Ker Gawl.; Bot. Reg, t. 645 (1822)

= Polygala macrantha Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(II): 345 (1854 publ. 1855)

= Polygala meyeriana C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 444 (1845)

= Polygala nummularia Burch. ex DC.; Prod. 1: 322 (1824)

= Polygala oppositifolia L.; Mant. 2: 259 (1771), nom. superfl.

= Polygala oppositifolia var. borboniifolia (Burch. ex DC.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 82 (1860)

= Polygala oppositifolia var. cordata Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 82 (1860)

= Polygala oppositifolia var. cuspidata Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 82 (1860)

= Polygala oppositifolia var. lanceolata Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 82 (1860)

= Polygala oppositifolia var. latifolia (Ker Gawl.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 82 (1860)

= Polygala oppositifolia var. nummularia (Burch. ex DC.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 82 (1860)

= Polygala oppositifolia var. rhombifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 82 (1860)

= Polygala oppositifolia var. trigonoides Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 82 (1860)

= Polygala rhombifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 18 (1834-35)

= Polygala tetragona Burch. ex DC.; Prod. 1: 322 (1824)

= Polygala tomentosa Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 120 (1800)

= Polygala zeyheri Spreng. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 18 (1834-35)

= Psychanthus oppositifolius Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 7: 133 (1838), nom. superfl.

species :

Polygala furcata Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. t. 19B, 1-4 (1834)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan); Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kayin, Mon, Mandalay)

36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara furcata (Royle) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 131 (1998)

= Polygala glaucescens Royle ex Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 126 (1895)

= Polygala glaucescens Wall.; (Cat. 147, no. 4182 (1831), nomen) ex Royle, Ill. Bot. Him. 76 (1834)

= Polygala hyalina Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4181 (1831), nomen

= Polygala triphylla Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 200 (1825)

= Polygala triphylla var. glaucescens (Royle) A.W.Benn.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 201 (1872)

= Salomonia seguinii H.Lév.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: 291 (1904)

= Semeiocardium glaucescens (Wall. ex Royle) Hassk.; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 151 (1864)

species :

Polygala gabrielae Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 304 (1927)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala galeocephala R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 109 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala galeottii Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 28 (1893)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala galpinii Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. (1895) t. 7439

Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara galpinii (Hook.f.) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 125 (1998)

species :

Polygala ganguelensis Exell & Mendonça; Carrisso, Consp. Fl. Angol. 1: 100 (1937)

Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia

23 CMN GAB ZAI 26 ANG ZAM

species :

Polygala garcini DC.; Prod. 1: 323 (1824)

Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala dodii Schltr.; J. Bot. 36: 24 (1898)

= Polygala orthostigma Chodat; Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 115: 85 (1914)

= Polygala zahlbruckneri Hayek; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 15: 45 (1900 publ. 1901)

species :

Polygala gawenensis Thulin; Nordic J. Bot. 10(5): 470 (1990)

Distribution: Somalia

24 SOM

species :

Polygala gayii A.W.Benn.; J. Bot. 17: 168 (1879)

Distribution: Chile (Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Lagos)

85 CLE

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala stricta Gay; Fl. Chil. (Gay) 1: 236 (1846)

= Polygala stricta var. parvula Reiche; Anales Univ. Chile 90: 917 (1895)

species :

Polygala gazensis Baker f.; J. Linn Soc., Bot. 40: 24 (1911)

Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)

26 MOZ ZIM 27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala esterae Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 331 (1912)

= Polygala teretifolia var. gazensis (Baker f.) Norl.; Bot. Not. 1935: 366 (1935)

species :

Polygala geniculata R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 109 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala gerrardii Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 237 (1896)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala gilletiana E.Petit; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 25: 334 (1955)

Distribution: Central African Republic; W-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Chad

23 CAF ZAI 24 CHA

species :

Polygala glaucifolia R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 110 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala glaucocarpa Ridl.; J. Fed. Mal. States Mus. 8: IV. 16 (1917)

Distribution: Sumatra

42 SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala sumatrana Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 234 (1896), nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala glaucoides L.; Sp. Pl. 705 (1753)

Distribution: Taiwan; India (Bihar, Daman & Diu, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Laos; Singapore [I]; W-Sumatra; Sulawesi; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor)

38 TAI 40 IND LDV SRL 41 LAO THA 42 JAW LSI sng SUL SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala brachystachya Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 59 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Polygala chinensis var. brachystachya Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 59 (1825)

= Polygala confusa Hassk.; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 165 (1864)

= Polygala dura Wight ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4171 (1831), nomen

= Polygala elongata J.G.Klein ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 3: 879 (1802)

= Polygala elongata Klein ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 879 (1802)

= Polygala eumekes Hassk.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 172 (1864)

= Polygala glomerata Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 400 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Polygala heterotricha Zipp. ex Span.; Linnaea 15: 167 (1841)

= Polygala humilis Span.; Linnaea 15: 167 (1841)

= Polygala macrostachya Hassk.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 171 (1864), non Chodat

variant :

var. laotica (Gagnep.) Pendry; Novon 9(4): 545 (1999)

Distribution: Thailand; Laos; Cambodia

41 CBD LAO THA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala ciliata var. laotica Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 19 (1909)

species :

Polygala globulifera Dunn; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35(247): 486 (1903)

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya); Myanmar

36 CHI 40 IND 41 MYA

variant :

var. longiracemosa S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(1): 83 (1980)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala arillata f. kachinensis Mukerjee; Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 12: 30 (1958)

= Polygala globulifera var. kachinensis (Mukerjee) R.N.Ran ex R.N.Ran et al.; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 26(1-2): 6 (1984)

species :

Polygala glomerata Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 2: 426 (1790)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Hainan, ?Sichuan, Yunnan, ?Zhejiang); ?Taiwan; Pakistan (N. W. Frontier Prov., Swat, Pakistani Punjab, Rawalpindi); Bhutan; India (Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Kerala Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Penang); Sumatra; Borneo; Philippines (Luzon, Golo, Jolo, Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia [I] (Queensland [I]); Palau (Babeldaob); Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap)

36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND PAK SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SUM 50 aus 62 MIC PLU

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala angustifolia B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 37 (1834), nom. illeg.

= Polygala chinensis L.; Sp. Pl. 11: 704 (1753) (nom. rej.)

= Polygala densiflora Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 59 (1825)

= Polygala depauperata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4180 (1831), nomen

= Polygala exigua Hassk.; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 173 (1864)

= Polygala glomerata var. langbianensis A.Chev. ex Gagnep.; (1939)

= Polygala glomerata var. pedunculosa Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 400 (1864)

= Polygala grandiflora Wight; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4175 (1831), nomen

= Polygala linariifolia Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 5: 495 (1804), nom. illeg.

= Polygala linearis B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 38 (1834), nomen

= Polygala procumbens B.Heyne ex Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp.: 329 (1821)

= Polygala procumbens var. angustifolia Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp.: 329 (1821)

= Polygala ramosa Wight; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4177 (1831), nomen

= Polygala rothiana Wight & Arn.; Wight, Cat. Ind. Pl.: 9 (1833)

= Polygala senduaris Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4170 B (1831), nomen

= Polygala sinensis J.F.Gmel.; Syst. 1082 (1792)

= Polygala socotrana Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 236 (1896)

= Polygala thwaitesii Hassk.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 169 (1864)

= Polygala toxoptera Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(II): 348 (1854 publ. 1855)

= Polygala tranquebarica Mart.; Denkschr. Bot. Ges. Regensb. 1: 186 (1815)

= Polygala varians Mart.; Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 1(1): 184 (1815)

variant :

var. pygmaea C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(1): 89 (1980)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala chinensis var. pygmaea (C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen) S.K.Chen & J.Parn.; Fl. China (2008)

variant :

var. villosa C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(1): 90 (1980)

Distribution: China (S-Guangxi)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala chinensis var. villosa (C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen) S.K.Chen & J.Parn.; Fl. China (2008)

species :

Polygala goetzei Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 417 (1900)

Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique

25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala goetzei var. depauperata Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 326 (1912)

species :

Polygala gomesiana Welw. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 126 (1868)

Distribution: Angola; Zambia

26 ANG ZAM

species :

Polygala gondarensis Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 316 (1911)

Distribution: N-Ethiopia

24 ETH

species :

Polygala gossweileri Exell & Mendonça; J. Bot., Lond. 74: 133 (1936)

Distribution: Angola; Zambia

26 ANG ZAM

species :

Polygala goudahensis Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 256 (1998)

Distribution: Djibouti

24 DJI

species :

Polygala gracilenta Burtt Davy; Man. Fl. Pl. & Ferns, Pt. 1, 48, 133, 134 (1926)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 LES SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala linearis E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pfl. Docum. 212 (1843), nomen

= Polygala tenuifolia Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 88 (1860) (non Willd.)

= Polygala tenuifolia var. linearis Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 88 (1860)

species :

Polygala gracilipes Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 90 (1860)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala grandidieri Baill.; Bull. Soc. L. Paris. 1: 607 (1886), Chodat in Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve, 31 n. 2 364 (1893)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala pilosa Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 321 (1884)

= Polygala subglobosa Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 224 (1998), nom. nov. superfl.

species :

Polygala greveana Baill.; Bull. Soc. L. Paris. 1: 607 (1886), Chodat in Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 330 (1893)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Polygala grossheimii Kem.-Nath.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis., Fasc. 14, 28 (1948)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan)

33 AZE

species :

Polygala guerichiana Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. 19: 141 (1894)

Distribution: SW-Angola; Namibia

26 ANG 27 NAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala mendesii Paiva; Portug. Acta Biol., B 9: 170 (1968)

species :

Polygala guilanica Sarvi & Faghir; Phytotaxa 513(2): 143 (2021)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Polygala guineensis Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 882 (1802)

Distribution: Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; ?Benin; Nigeria; SW-Chad

22 BKN GHA IVO NGA TOG 24 CHA

species :

Polygala guneri Yild.; Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 19(2): 41)

Distribution: Turkey (Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Polygala gymnoclada MacOwan; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 385 (1890)

Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho

27 LES SAF

species :

Polygala gypsophila Thulin; Nordic J. Bot. 10(5): 465 (1990)

Distribution: Somalia

24 SOM

species :

Polygala hainanensis Chun & F.C.How; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7(1): 5-6, t. 2, f. 1 (1958)

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. strigosa Chun & F.C.How; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7(1): 7 (1958)

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

species :

Polygala hamarensis Thulin & Raimondo; Nordic J. Bot. 10(5): 467 (1990)

Distribution: SE-Somalia

24 SOM

species :

Polygala helenae Greuter; Boissiera 13: 65 (1967)

Distribution: Greece (Kithira Isl.)

13 GRC

Conservation Status: IUCN CR. Known only from one small population, of uncertain status

species :

Polygala heterantha H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malgache, n. s. 14: 20 (1931 publ. 1932)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Polygala hickeniana Grondona; Darwiniana 8: 369 (1948)

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz)

85 ARG

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala hildebrandtii Baill.; Bull. Soc. L. Paris. 1: 607 (1886), Chodat in Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 487 (1893)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

variant :

var. angustipetala H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malgache n. s. 14: 25 (1932)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Polygala hirsutula Arn.; Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 18: 322 (1836)

Distribution: Sri Lanka

40 SRL

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala elongata var. hirsutula (Arn.) Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 22 (1858)

= Polygala glaucoides var. hirsutula (Arn.) Trimen; Handb. Fl. Ceylon 1: 81 (1893)

= Polygala hypoglauca Hassk.; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 169 (1864)

species :

Polygala hispida Burch. ex DC.; Prod. 1: 323 (1824)

Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 LES SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala erubescens E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pfl. Docum. 212 (1843)

= Polygala lanata E.Mey. ex Meisn.; Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 1: 469 (1842)

species :

Polygala hohenackeriana Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 4: 42 (1838)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Waziristan, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Swat, Pakistani Punjab)

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN JOR SIN TUR 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala jablotskiana Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 1: 472 (1867)

= Polygala vulgaris var. hohenackeriana (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 511 (1862)

= Polygala vulgaris var. jablotskiana Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 512 (1862)

species :

Polygala homblei Exell; J. Bot. 70: 186 (1932)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Zambia

23 ZAI 26 ZAM

species :

Polygala hongkongensis Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23(152): 60-61, t. 2, f. 1-6 (1886)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Hunan, ?Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala loureiroi Gardner & Champ.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 1: 242 (1849)

= Polygala trichorachis Migo; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 13: 85-86 (1943)

variant :

var. stenophylla (Hayata) Migo; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 13: 86 (1943)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, ?Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, ?Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala stenophylla Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 33-34 (1913)

species :

Polygala hottentotta C.Presl; Bot. Bemerk. 15 (1845)

Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]

26 MOZ ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala durbanensis Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2. 401 (1892)

= Polygala uncinata Hochst. ex Harv. & Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 86 (1860) non E. Mey. ex Meisn.

species :

Polygala houtboshiana Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 400 (1893)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 LES SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala fallax Hayek; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 15: 43 (1900 publ. 1901), nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala huillensis Welw. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 133 (1868)

Distribution: SW-Angola

26 ANG

species :

Polygala humbertii H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malgache, n. s. 14: 22 (1931 publ. 1932)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala submonoica H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malgache, n. s. 14: 21 (1931 publ. 1932)

variant :

var. crinigera H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malgache, n. s. 14: 22 (1931 publ. 1932)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Polygala humifusa Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 174 (1998)

Distribution: SW-Tanzania

25 TAN

Remarks: only known from type collected in 1957

species :

Polygala idukkiana M.Vishnu & Nampy; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 79(2)-e129: 2 (2022)

Distribution: India (Kerala)

40 IND

species :

Polygala illepida E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 92 (1860)

Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala refracta Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 23 (1834-35)

species :

Polygala inaequiloba Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 349 (1854)

Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala inexpectata Pesmen & Erik; Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 38: 435, f. 1E (1980)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Polygala integra R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 111 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala irregularis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 8. (1843)

Distribution: Western Sahara; Egypt (SE-Egypt); Mauritania; Senegal; Mali; Burkina Faso; Niger; Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Iran (S-Iran); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); United Arab Emirates; Yemen (Aden Desert, SW-Yemen); Pakistan (Baluchistan); India (Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu & Kasmir, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh)

20 EGY WSA 22 BKN MLI MTN NGR SEN 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOM SUD 34 IRN 35 SAU UAE YEM 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala arabica Boiss.; Diagn., ser. 1, 1: 9 (1843)

= Polygala dictyoptera Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 1: 59 (1854)

= Polygala hagerupii Exell; J. Bot. 68: 244 (1930)

= Polygala irregularis var. aegyptiaca Chodat ex Täckh. & Boulos; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 90 (1972 publ. 1974)

species :

Polygala isaloensis H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malgache, n. s. 14: 7 (1931 publ. 1932)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Polygala isingii Pedley; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(1): 128 (1981)

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala isocarpa Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52(1-2, Beibl. 115): 77-78 (1914)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, SE-Yunnan); Myanmar

36 CHI 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara isocarpa (Chodat) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 134 (1998)

species :

Polygala jacobii Chandrab.; Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 9: 288 (1968)

Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka

40 IND SRL

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala dunnii Panigrahi; Kew Bull. 29(4): 655 (1974 publ. 1975)

species :

Polygala jamaicensis Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 11 (1893)

Name: White lignum vitae (Jamaica)

Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; Jamaica

79 MEX 80 BLZ GUA 81 JAM

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala petenensis Lundell; Lloydia 4: 51 (1941)

species :

Polygala japonica Houtt.; Handl. Pl.-Kruidk. 10: 89, t. 62, f. 1 (1779)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, ?Liaoning, ?Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; India (Meghalaya); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria)

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI 40 IND 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MOL NWG PHI 50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala coniicarpa Hance; Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 2: 80 (1851)

= Polygala hondoensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36: 21 (1922)

= Polygala japonica f. angustifolia (Koidz.) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 37 (1954)

= Polygala japonica f. nudicaulis Konta; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 32(1): 42 (2006)

= Polygala japonica f. ovatifolia Chodat

= Polygala japonica f. virescens Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 133 (1950)

= Polygala japonica var. angustifolia Koidz.; Fl. Symb. Orient.-Asiat. 8 (1930)

= Polygala luzoniensis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl. 3): 202 (1906)

= Polygala sibirica var. japonica (Houtt.) Ito; Tent. Fl. Lutch. 311 (1899)

= Polygala taquetii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(317-321): 181 (1913)

= Polygala veronicea F.Muell.; Trans. & Proc. Vict. Inst. Advancem. Sci. 1: 117 (1855)

species :

Polygala javana DC.; Prod. 1: 327 (1824)

Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Lombok, Sumba, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor)

40 IND SRL 42 JAW LSI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala ceylanica B.Heyne ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4183 (1831), nomen

= Polygala javana var. angustifolia Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 22 (1864)

= Polygala raoi R.N.Banerjee & L.K.Banerjee; Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B 82(6): 218 (1975)

species :

Polygala kajii Paiva; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Polygal. 52 (2007)

Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania

25 KEN TAN

species :

Polygala kalaboensis Paiva; Kew Bull. 71(1)-10: 1 (2016)

Distribution: Zambia

26 ZAM

species :

Polygala kalahariensis Schinz; Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand 29: 52 (1888), as ´kalaxariensis´

Distribution: W-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana

23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala dekindtii Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32(1): 131 (1902)

= Polygala huillensis var. buxifolia Welw. ex Hiern

= Polygala kaxalariensis "Schinz" ex Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 365 (1893)

= Polygala kubangensis Gürke; Warb., Kunene-Sambesi Exped. 275 (1903)

= Polygala reflexa Schinz; Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. 2, 8: 634 (1908)

species :

Polygala karensium Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 41: 392 (1872)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan); Tibet; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim); Myanmar (Kayah); Thailand; Vietnam

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND 41 MYA THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Chamaebuxus karensium (Kurz) Kurz; For. Fl. Brit. Burma 1: 79 (1877)

= Polygala caterviflora Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 66 (1913)

= Polygala congesta Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wils. 2(1): 162 (1914)

= Polygala floribunda Dunn; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35(247): 485-486 (1903) (not Benth. (1840), nor Boiss. & Hoet (1856))

= Polygala lancilimba Merr.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 13: 133 (1926)

= Polygala luteoalba Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 85: 602 (1938 publ. 1939)

= Polygala tricornis Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 21 (1909)

= Polygala tricornis var. crinita Gagnep.; Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 231 (1939)

= Polygala tricornis var. latifolia Gagnep.; Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 231 (1939)

= Polygala yunnanensis Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Engl. 52: Beibl. 115: 71 (1914)

variant :

var. obcordata (C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen) S.K.Chen & J.Parn.; Fl. China (2008)

Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala tricornis var. obcordata C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(1): 83 (1980)

species :

Polygala kasikensis Exell; De Wild. & Staner, Contrib. Fl. Katanga, Suppl. 55: 46 (1932), nomen, et in J. Bot. 70: 168, descr. (1932)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]

23 ZAI

species :

Polygala khasiana Hassk.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 176. 1863-1864

Distribution: SE-Tibet (Bomi Xian, Zayü Xian)

36 TIB

species :

Polygala kilimandjarica Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2): 320 (1893)

Distribution: Uganda; S-Tanzania

25 TAN UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala hennigii Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 312 (1912)

= Polygala kilimandscharica Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1894: 61 (1894), orth. var.

= Polygala usambarensis Gürke; Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. (1894) 64

= Polygala wadibomica Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2): 320 (1893)

species :

Polygala kimberleyensis R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 114 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala koi Merr.; Sunyatsenia 1(4): 196-197 (1934)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Polygala kradungensis H.Koyama; Makinoa, n. s. 7: 75 (2008)

Distribution: Thailand

41 THA

species :

Polygala krumanina Burch. ex Ficalho & Hiern; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 2: 16 (1881)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, N-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala kurdica C.C.Towns.; Kew Bull. 23: 531 (1969)

subspecies :

subsp. kurdica

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

subspecies :

subsp. bornmuelleri Chrtek & Krísa; Fl. Iran., 124: 6 (1977), as ´bornmulleri´

Distribution: Iran (W-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Polygala kuriensis A.G.Mill.; Ethnoflora of Soqotra: 725 (2004)

Distribution: Abd-al-Kuri Isl.

24 SOC

species :

Polygala kurtzii A.W.Benn.; J. Bot. 33: 110 (1895)

Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza)

85 ARG

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala kyoukmyoungensis Mukerjee; Bull. Bot. Soc. Beng. 12: 48 (1960)

Distribution: Myanmar

41 MYA

species :

Polygala labatii Wahlert, G.E.Schatz & Phillipson; Syst. Bot. 42(3): 523 (2017)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Polygala lactiflora Paiva & Brummitt; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 43(1): 24 (1986)

Distribution: Malawi

26 MLW

species :

Polygala langebergensis Levyns; J. South Afr. Bot. 21: 39 (1955)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala lasiosepala Levyns; J. South Afr. Bot. 21: 21 (1955)

Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)

27 NAM SAF

species :

Polygala latistyla Pendry; Blumea 42(2): 467 (1997)

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Polygala latouchei Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 206 (1899)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, ?Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala nimborum Dunn; Bull. Misc. Inform., Addit. Ser. 10: 39 (1912)

species :

Polygala laxifolia Exell; J. Bot. 65: 345 (1927)

Distribution: Angola

26 ANG

species :

Polygala leendertziae Burtt Davy; Man. Fl. Pl. & Ferns, Pt. 1, 48, 133, 135 (1926)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 SAF SWZ

species :

Polygala lehmanniana Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 23 (1834-35)

Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala carmichaelii Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1(Add.): 19 (1860)

= Polygala lehmanniana var. pteropus Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 20 (1860)

species :

Polygala leptophylla Burch.; Trav. 1: 400 (1822)

Distribution: SW-Angola; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

26 ANG 27 BOT NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala recta C.Presl; Bot. Bemerk. 16 (1845)

= Polygala rigens E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pfl.-Docum. 212 (1843)

= Polygala hottentota var. fleckiana Schinz

variant :

var. armata (Chodat) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 260 (1998)

Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (North-West Prov., N-Cape Prov.)

27 NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala armata Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 327. (1912)

species :

Polygala leptosperma Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 17 (1893)

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala leucothyrsa Woronow; Woronow & Schelkownikow, Sched. Herb. Fl. Caucasus Fasc. VIII. 86 (1916)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan)

33 AZE

species :

Polygala levynsiana Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 272 (1998), nom. nov.

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala microlopha var. gracilis Levyns; J. S. African Bot. 21: 27 (1955)

species :

Polygala lhunzeensis C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(1): 86-88, f. 5: 10-16 (1980)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Polygala lijiangensis C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(1): 88-89, f. 5: 1-9 (1980)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Polygala limae Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 31: 5 (1957)

Distribution: N-Mozambique

26 MOZ

Remarks: only known from type collected in 1917

species :

Polygala linarifolia Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 877 (1807)

Distribution: China (Hainan); Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Java; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales)

36 CHI 40 IND NEP 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY NWG 50 AUS

Remarks: sometimes included in P. triflora

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala aurata Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 220 (1909)

= Polygala aurata var. macrostachya Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: 20 (1909)

= Polygala chinensis subvar. linarifolia (Willd.) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 857 (1927)

= Polygala chinensis var. linarifolia (Willd.) Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31(2): 386 (1893)

species :

Polygala loanzensis Exell; J. Bot. 70: 187 (1932)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]

23 ZAI

species :

Polygala longeracemosa H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malgache, n. s. 14: 9 (1931 publ. 1932)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Polygala longifolia Poir.; Encycl. 5: 501 (1804)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Yunnan); Ryukyu Isl.; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (South Andamans); Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobars); Myanmar (Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; N-Sumatra; N-Borneo; SW-Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Culion, Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Sumba); Moluccas (Kei Isl.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)

36 CHI 38 NNS 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL SUM 50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala abyssinica var. intercedens Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 855 (1927)

= Polygala discolor Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 199 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Polygala leptalea DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 325, 358 (1824)

= Polygala leptalea var. australiensis Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 855 (1927)

= Polygala oligophylla DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 353 (1824)

= Polygala pyramidalis H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 317 (1915)

= Polygala riukiuensis Ohwi; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 661 (1936)

species :

Polygala longiloba S.F.Blake; N. Am. Fl. 25: 362 (1924)

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala longipes S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 40 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Oaxaca)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala lozanii Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 307 (1911)

Distribution: Mexico (Puebla)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala calcicola Rose; Cantrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 122 (1906), nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala ludwigiana Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 23 (1834-35)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Heisteria laxa (Thunb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 47 (1891)

= Muraltia laxa (Thunb.) DC.; Prod. 1: 337 (1824)

= Muraltia laxa E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pfl. Docum. 203 (1843), nomen

= Polygala laxa Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 121 (1800)

species :

Polygala luenensis Paiva; Portug. Acta Biol., B 9: 175 (1968)

Distribution: Angola

26 ANG

species :

Polygala luteoviridis Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 323 (1912)

Distribution: Rwanda; ?Burundi; Uganda; W-Kenya; N-Tanzania

23 RWA 25 KEN TAN UGA

species :

Polygala lysimachiifolia Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 377 (1893)

Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)

27 SAF

Remarks: insufficiently known

species :

Polygala macowaniana Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 185 (1998), nom. nov.

Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala confusa f. villosiuscula Hayek; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 15: 42 (1900 publ. 1901)

= Polygala confusa MacOwan; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 385 (1890)

= Polygala confusa var. acutifolia Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 396 (1893)

= Polygala confusa var. canescens Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 397 (1893)

= Polygala neglecta MacOwan; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 385 (1890), nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala macrobotrya Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 302 (1927)

Distribution: Australia (Queensland)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala macrolophos Hassk.; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 167 (1864)

Distribution: Sri Lanka

40 SRL

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala pedunculosa Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 400 (1864)

= Polygala sibirica var. macrolophos (Hassk.) A.W.Benn.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 205 (1872)

species :

Polygala macroptera DC.; Prod. 1: 332 (1824)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala volubilis Bojer; Bouton, 12me Rapp. Ann. Maur. 14 (1842)

= Polygala longifolia A.Dietr.; Allg. Gartenzeitung (Otto & Dietrich) 2: 117 (1834), nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala macrostigma Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 319 (1912)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; ?Tanzania; Angola; Malawi; Mozambique

23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 SSU 25 KEN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala splendens Exell; J. Bot. 64(Suppl. 1): 22 (1926)

= Polygala elliotii Chodat; J. Bot. 34: 199 (1896)

species :

Polygala magdalenae Brandegee; Univ. Calif Publ. Bot. 4: 182 (1911)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala major Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 5: 6 (1778)

Name: Großes Kreuzblümchen (DE)

Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of N- & C-Greece); Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

11 AUT CZE HUN SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY UKR 33 GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala amoenissima Tamamsch.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 324 (1936)

= Polygala floribunda Boiss. & A.Huet; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 5: 50 (1856), nom. illeg.

= Polygala grandis Pall.; Reise Südl. Statthaltersch. Russ. Reich. 2: 190 (1801)

= Polygala magna Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich 3(4): 1159 (1800)

= Polygala major f. italiana Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 436 (1893)

= Polygala major var. apennina Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 437 (1893)

= Polygala major var. grandiflora Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 436 (1893)

= Polygala moldavica Kotov; J. Bot. Acad. Sci. Ukraine 1: No. 2, 277 (1940)

= Polygala neglecta A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 18: 37 (1868)

= Polygala nicaeensis Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 89 (1866) non Risso ex W. D. J. Koch

= Polygala vulgaris var. major (Jacq.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 516 (1862), nom. illeg.

form :

f. acarnanica Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31(2, 2): 436 (1893)

Distribution: Bulgaria; NE-Greece

13 BUL GRC

Remarks: fide Strid (2024) doubtfully distinct from P. major

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala acarnanica (Chodat) Kozuharov & Petrova; Jordanov, Fl. Nar. Rep. Bälg. 7: 201 (1979)

species :

Polygala makaschwilii Kem.-Nath.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis., Fasc. 14, 29 (1948)

Distribution: Crimea; Georgia [Caucasus] (incl. Abkhazia)

14 KRY 33 GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala kemulariae Tamamsch.; Fl. URSS, ed. Kom. 14: 733 (1949)

species :

Polygala malesiana Adema; Blumea 14: 257 (1967)

Distribution: Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahan, Selangor); Sulawesi; Philippines (Negros, Bohol); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Sumba, Flores); Moluccas (Buru, Seram, Kei Isl., Aru Isl.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya)

41 CBD LAO THA VIE 42 LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala triphylla var. glaucescens Benn, non Wall.; (1872)

= Polygala cardiocarpa Ridl.; (1922) non Kurz

= Heterosamara malesiana (Adema) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 135 (1998)

species :

Polygala mandrarensis Phillipson & G.E.Schatz; Syst. Bot. 42(3): 526 (2017)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Polygala mannii Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliv. et al.] 1: 130 (1868)

Distribution: Gabon

23 GAB

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara mannii (Oliv.) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 126 (1998)

species :

Polygala marensis Burtt Davy; Man. Fl. Pl. & Ferns, Pr. 1, 48 (1926)

Distribution: Zimbabwe; S-Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal)

26 MOZ ZIM 27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala rogersii Burtt Davy; Man. Fl. Pl. & Ferns, Pt. 1, 133, 134 (1926)

species :

Polygala mariamae Tamamsch.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 325 (1936)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia

33 ARM GEO

species :

Polygala mascatensis Boiss.; Fl. 1: 470 (1867)

Distribution: Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert)

35 OMA YEM

species :

Polygala mathusiana Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 231 (1893)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala mazandaranica Sarvi & Faghir; Phytol. Balcan. 26(3): 462 (2020)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Polygala melilotoides Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 320 (1912)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; Uganda; ?Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi

23 RWA ZAI 25 UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala melilotoides var. major Baker f.; J. Bot. 56: 5 (1918)

species :

Polygala membranacea (Miq.) Görts; Acta Bot. Neerl. 23(2): 191 (1974)

Distribution: Surinam; French Guiana

82 FRG SUR

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

Synonyms: hidden

= Monnina membranacea Miq.; Stirp. Surin. Sel. 30 (1850)

= Polygala stipulata Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 89 (1893)

species :

Polygala mendoncae E.Petit; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 26: 259 (1956)

Distribution: SW-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; N-Zambia

23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM

species :

Polygala meonantha Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 326 (1912)

Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya

24 ETH SOM 25 KEN

species :

Polygala meridionalis Levyns; J. South Afr. Bot. 21: 37 (1955)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala pauciflora Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27: 164 (1899) (non Thunb.)

species :

Polygala messambuziensis Paiva; Portug. Acta Biol., B 9: 168 (1968)

Distribution: E-Zimbabwe; Mozambique

26 MOZ ZIM

species :

Polygala microlopha Burch. ex DC.; Prod. 1: 322 (1824)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala microphylla L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 989 (1763)

Distribution: Portugal; W-Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Brachytropis

Synonyms: hidden

= Brachytropis microphylla (L.) Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 552 (1878)

species :

Polygala microspora S.F.Blake; Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 56: 397 (1929)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana

82 GUY VEN

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala microtricha S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 46 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Mexico State, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Queretaro)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala moggii Raffaelli, Mosti & Tardelli; Webbia 62(2): 270 (2007)

Distribution: Oman

35 OMA

species :

Polygala monopetala Cambess.; Jacq. Voy. Bot, t. 27. 1835-1844

Distribution: China (?Qinghai); SE-Tibet; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Waziristan, Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Pakistani Punjab); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Poonch)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala sibirica var. monopetala (Cambess.) Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31(2): 349 (1893)

species :

Polygala monspeliaca L.; Sp. Pl.: 702 (1753)

Name: Montpellier-Kreuzblümchen (DE); Mediterranean Milkwort (EN)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Croatia; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (lowlands of mainland, incl. most islands); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Victoria [I])

12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT MNT NMA SIC SMA TUE 20 ALG MOR TUN 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 50 aus

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala acutifolia L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1154 (1759)

= Polygala glumacea Sm.; Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 2: 52 (1813)

= Polygala monspeliaca f. livida Cout.; Fl. Portugal: 371 (1913)

= Polygala monspeliaca subsp. glumacea (Sm.) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 62 (1910)

= Polygala monspeliaca subsp. straminea (C.Presl) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 62 (1910)

= Polygala monspeliaca subvar. ramosa Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 84 (1896)

= Polygala monspeliaca subvar. simplex Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 83 (1896)

= Polygala monspeliaca var. angustisepala Sennen; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 21: 106 (1911)

= Polygala straminea C.Presl; Fl. Sicul. (C. Presl) 1: 136 (1826)

= Polygala vulgaris var. monspeliaca (L.) Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 5: 487 (1804)

= Tricholophus monspeliacus (L.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 7: 116 (1838)

species :

Polygala mooneyi M.G.Gilbert; Nordic J. Bot. 20(2): 199 (2000)

Distribution: Ethiopia

24 ETH

species :

Polygala mossamedensis Paiva; Portug. Acta Biol., B 9: 173 (1968)

Distribution: SW-Angola

26 ANG

species :

Polygala mossii Exell; J. Bot. 66: 299 (1928)

Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)

27 NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala subcarnosa Schinz; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 76: 145 (1931)

species :

Polygala multiflora Poir.; Encyc. 5: 497 (1804)

Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Burkina Faso; Togo; Benin

22 BEN BKN GAM GNB GUI SEN SIE TOG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala senegambica Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2): 334 (1893)

species :

Polygala multifurcata Mildbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 708 (1935)

Distribution: Tanzania

25 TAN

species :

Polygala muratii Jacq.-Fél.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 99: 66, in clavi, 69 (1952)

Distribution: Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; W-Kenya; Tanzania

24 CHA ETH SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA

species :

Polygala myriantha Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 321 (1912)

Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; ?Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe

22 NGA 23 CMN ZAI 24 ETH SUD 25 UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala kisantuensis Chodat; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Ser. 2(5): 189 (1913)

= Polygala kisantuensis var. tenuifolia Chodat; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 5: 190 (1913)

species :

Polygala myrtifolia L.; Sp. Pl.: 703 (1753)

Name: September Bush, Myrtle-leaf milkwort (EN)

Distribution: France [I]; Corsica [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Malta [I]; Algeria [I]; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); South Africa (Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; St. Helena [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (California [I])

12 cor fra 13 ita mlt sic 20 alg 21 mdr 27 LES SAF 28 sth 50 aus nfk 51 nzl 76 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala amoena Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 120 (1800)

= Polygala cluytioides Burch. ex DC.; Prod. 1: 322 (1824)

= Polygala formosa F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 1: 143 (1821)

= Polygala grandiflora G.Lodd.; Bot. Cab. 13: t. 1227 (1827), nom. subnud.

= Polygala ligularis Ker Gawl.; Bot. Reg, t. 637 (1822)

= Polygala linkiana Sweet; Hort. Brit. ed. II. 46 (1830)

= Polygala myrtifolia f. salicifolia Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 422 (1893)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. amoena (Thunb.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 83 (1860)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. angustifolia DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 322 (1824)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. cluytioides (Burch. ex DC.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 83 (1860)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. coriacea Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 422 (1893)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. cyanella Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 2(2): 24 (1829)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. grandiflora (Spach) Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 422 (1893)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. lancifolia Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 423 (1893)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. leucantha Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 2(2): 24 (1829)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. ligularis (Ker Gawl.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 83 (1860)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. natalensis Sond.; Linnaea 23: 14 (1850)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. obtusifolia Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 423 (1893)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. rosmarinifolia DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 322 (1824)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. salicifolia (Chodat) T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afric. 1: 239 (1898)

= Polygala myrtifolia var. vera DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 322 (1824)

= Psychanthus grandiflorus Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 7: 135 (1838)

= Psychanthus myrtifolius (L.) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 7: 137 (1838)

variant :

var. pinifolia (Lam. ex Poir.) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 280 (1998)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala pinifolia Lam.; Encycl. 5: 492 (1804)

species :

Polygala myrtillopsis Welw. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 130 (1868)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola

23 ZAI 26 ANG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala katangensis Exell; J. Bot. 70: 182 (1932)

species :

Polygala nambalensis Gürke; Warb., Kunene-Sambesi Exped. 276 (1903)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Chad; Angola; Zambia

23 ZAI 24 CHA 26 ANG ZAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala congoensis Gürke; Schltr., Westafr. Kautschuk-Exped. 295 (1900), nomen.

= Polygala guerkei Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 318 (1912)

= Polygala psammophila Gürke; Kunene-Sambesi-Exped. (Warb.) 279 (1903) (non Chodat & Huber 1901)

species :

Polygala nathadzeae A.I.Kuth.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) Geogr. Inst. Bot. Thbiliss., Fasc. 22, 38 (1961)

Distribution: Transcaucasus

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Polygala nematocaulis Levyns; J. South Afr. Bot. 21: 49 (1955)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala nematophylla Exell; J. Bot. 64: Suppl. 23 (1926)

Distribution: Angola; Zambia

26 ANG ZAM

species :

Polygala neurocarpa T.S.Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 364 (1917)

Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Queretaro)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala nicaeensis Risso ex W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3, 5: 68 (1839)

subspecies :

subsp. nicaeensis

Name: Nizza-Kreuzblümchen

Distribution: S-France; NW-Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala amblyptera var. nicaeensis (Risso ex W.D.J.Koch) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 370 (1841)

= Polygala amblyptera var. pubescens (Loisel.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 351 (1831)

= Polygala buxifolia var. pubescens (Loisel.) Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 26 (1823)

= Polygala nicaeensis f. heterophylla Pamp.; Boll. Mus. Republ. San Marino 4: 116 (1920)

= Polygala nicaeensis proles pubescens (Loisel.) P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 332 (1916)

= Polygala nicaeensis var. pubescens (Loisel.) Burnat; Fl. Alpes Marit. 1: 185 (1892)

= Polygala pubescens (Loisel.) Rohde ex Mutel; Fl. Franç. Herbor. 1: 129 (1834), nom. illeg.

= Polygala rosea Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France Corse 1: 194 (1847), nom. illeg.

= Polygala rosea subsp. nicaeensis (Risso ex W.D.J.Koch) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 61 (1910)

= Polygala rosea var. nicaeensis (Risso ex W.D.J.Koch) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 83 (1878)

= Polygala thuringiaca Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 3: 166 (1826)

= Polygala vulgaris f. vestita Gren. ex Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 229 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris lusus nicaeensis (Risso ex W.D.J.Koch) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 517 (1862)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. nicaeensis (Risso ex W.D.J.Koch) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 70 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. pubescens (Loisel.) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 61 (1910)

= Polygala vulgaris var. nicaeensis (Risso ex W.D.J.Koch) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 230 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris var. pubescens Loisel.; J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 359 (1809)

subspecies :

subsp. corsica (Boreau) P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 337 (1916)

Distribution: Corsica; Italy

12 COR 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala corsica Boreau; Mém. Soc. Acad. Maine Loire 1. 87 (1857)

= Polygala nicaeensis var. corsica (Boreau) Chodat; Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 179 (1889)

= Polygala vulgaris proles corsica (Boreau) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 72 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. gariodiana (Jord. & Fourr.) Chodat; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genèe 5: 180 (1889)

Distribution: France; Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala gariodiana Jord. & Fourr.; Verl., Cat. Pl. Vasc. Dauphine: 392 (1872)

= Polygala nicaeensis var. gariodiana (Jord. & Fourr.) Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31: 460 (1893)

= Polygala vulgaris f. gariodiana (Jord. & Fourr.) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 230 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris proles gariodiana (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 72 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. gerundensis (O.Bolòs & Vigo) Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Abrev. Comun. Valenciana: 430 (1995)

Distribution: NE-Spain; Andorra; SW-France

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala caesalpini Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 3: 283 (1901)

= Polygala hispanica Sennen; Treb. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 15(1): 10 (1931)

= Polygala nicaeensis subsp. caesalpini (Bubani) McNeill; Feddes Repert. 79: 32 (1968)

= Polygala rosea var. occidentalis Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 558 (1878)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. gerundensis (O.Bolòs & Vigo) O.Bolòs, Vigo, Masalles & Ninot; Fl. Man. Paísos Catalans: 1215 (1990)

= Polygala vulgaris var. gerundensis O.Bolòs & Vigo; But. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., 38 Bot. 1: 82 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. italiana (Chodat) Arrigoni; Inform. Bot. Ital. 46(2): 246 (2014)

Distribution: Italy; San Marino

13 ITA SMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala nicaeensis var. italiana Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31: 460 (1893)

= Polygala vulgaris var. italiana (Chodat) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 123 (1925)

subspecies :

subsp. mediterranea Chodat; Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve 5: 179 (1889)

Distribution: Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of mainland, Epirus, Kerkyra, Thasos); S-European Russia; Belarus; C-European Russia; Ukraine; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA MNT NMA SLV SMA 14 BLR RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala coursiereana Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 211 (1874)

= Polygala cretacea Kotov; Bull. Soc. Nat. Voron. 2: 39 (1927), et J. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Ukraine, Nos. 21-2 (29-30), 238 (1939)

= Polygala mediterranea (Chodat) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol 6(2): 763 (1909)

= Polygala mediterranea subsp. subpubescens (Borbás) Kozuharov & Petrova; Jordanov, Fl. Nar Rep. Bälg. 7. 204 (1979)

= Polygala mediterranea var. jordanovii Kozuharov & A.V.Petrova; Fl. Nar. Republ. Bulgariya 7: 493 (1979)

= Polygala mediterranea var. parilica Kozuharov & A.V.Petrova; Fl. Nar. Republ. Bulgariya 7: 492 (1979)

= Polygala nemorivaga Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant.: 337 (1875)

= Polygala nicaeensis subsp. graeca Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2, 2): 463 (1893)

= Polygala nicaeensis subsp. pannonica (Pócs) Melzer ex Wraber & Palma; Biol. Vestn. 30: 119 (1982)

= Polygala nicaeensis subsp. tomentella (Boiss.) Chodat; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 179 (1889)

= Polygala nicaeensis subsp. versicolor (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algerie [Batt. & Trab.] Dicot. 1(1): 106 (1888)

= Polygala nicaeensis var. commutata Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant. 1: 212 (1874)

= Polygala nicaeensis var. coursiereana (Pomel) Batt.; Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 106 (1888)

= Polygala nicaeensis var. mauritanica Chodat; Mem. Soc. Sci. Phys. GenAve 31(2): 462 (1893)

= Polygala nicaeensis var. nemorivaga (Pomel) Bonnet; E. Bonnet & J. F. G. Barratte, Expl. Sci. Tunisie, Cat. Pl.: 46 (1896)

= Polygala nicaeensis var. obtusata Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant. 1: 213 (1874)

= Polygala nicaeensis var. parilica Kozuharov & Petrova; Fl. Nar. Republ. Bulgariya 7: 492 (1979)

= Polygala nicaeensis var. tomentella Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 1: 475 (1867)

= Polygala numidica Pomel; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 211 (1874)

= Polygala versicolor Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant. 2: 336 (1875) non Willd. ex Steud.

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. mediterranea (Chodat) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butll. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat 38: 82 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. peninsularis Arrigoni; Inform. Bot. Ital. 46(2): 246 (2014)

Distribution: Italy; San Marino

13 ITA SMA

species :

Polygala nodiflora Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 325 (1912)

Distribution: South Africa (Transvaal, KwaZulu-Natal)

27 SAF

Remarks: insufficiently known

species :

Polygala nyikensis Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 31: 10 (1957)

Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi

25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM

species :

Polygala oaxacana Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52: Beibl 115, 73 (1914)

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala obliqua Pendry; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 41: 41 (2013)

Distribution: Thailand

41 THA

species :

Polygala obtusissima Hochst. ex Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 322 (1893)

Distribution: Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia

24 ETH SOM SUD

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala calcicola Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 336 (1893)

= Polygala obtusissima Hochst. ex Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 130 (1868)

= Polygala obtusissima var. somalensis Chiov.; Fl. Somala 1: 89 (1929)

= Polygala senensis var. calcicola (Chodat) Paiva; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 45: 157 (1988)

= Polygala senensis var. somalensis (Chiov.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): XXVI (1969)

species :

Polygala obversa R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 115 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala arvensis var. obovata Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 141 (1863)

= Polygala chinensis subvar. obovata (Benth.) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 857 (1927)

species :

Polygala oedipus Speg.; Anal. Mus. Buenos Aires 7: 232 (1902)

Distribution: Argentina (Santa Cruz)

85 ARG

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala ohlendorfiana Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 22 (1834-35)

Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]

25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala ovalis E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pfl. Docum. 212 (1843)

species :

Polygala oligosperma C.Y.Wu; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(1): 81-82, f. 3: 1-3 (1980)

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Polygala oliverana Exell & Mendonça; Carrisso, Consp. Fl. Angol. 1: 100 (1937)

Distribution: Angola

26 ANG

species :

Polygala oophylla S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 33 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala ophiura Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 376 (1893)

Distribution: South Africa

27 SAF

Remarks: insufficiently known

species :

Polygala orbicularis Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 140 (1863)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala chinensis var. orbicularis (Benth.) Domin; Bibl. Bot. (1927 publ. 1928)

species :

Polygala oreophila Speg; Anal. Mus. Buenos Aires 7: 230 (1902)

Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro)

85 ARG

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala oreotrephes B.L.Burtt; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 29: 148 (1969)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahan, Selangor)

42 MLY

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala monticola Ridl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 303 (1908)

species :

Polygala padulae Arrigoni; Webbia 67(1): 37 (2012)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

species :

Polygala pallida E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pfl. Docum. 212 (1843)

Distribution: SW-Angola; Namibia; Botswana

26 ANG 27 BOT NAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala leucocarpa Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 400 (1893)

= Polygala pearsonii Exell; J. Bot. 65: 343 (1927)

species :

Polygala paludicola Gürke; Warb., Kunene-Sambesi Exped. 279 (1903)

Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia

23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala claessensii Chodat; Bull. Soc. Bol. Geneve, 1913. Ser. 2, 5: 190 (1913)

= Polygala sparsiflora f. robustior Chodat; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., sér. 3, 1: 14 (1901)

species :

Polygala panamensis Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 35 (1893)

Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama

80 COS PAN

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala papilionacea Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1 1: 8 (1843)

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

33 ARM 34 TUR

species :

Polygala pappeana Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 23 (1834-35)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala ericifolia Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 87 (1860), nom. illeg.

= Polygala restiacea E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pfl. Docum. 212 (1843)

species :

Polygala papuana (Steenis) Meijden; Fl. Males. 10(3): 465 (1988)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

Synonyms: hidden

= Bredemeyera papuana Steenis; Acta Bot. Neerl. 17: 380 (1968)

species :

Polygala parkeri Levyns; J. South Afr. Bot. 21: 46 (1955)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala parrasana Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 365 (1917)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala parviloba R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 117 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia, Queensland)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala pearcei A.W.Benn.; J. Bot. 17: 201 (1879)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia

83 BOL PER

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala pedemontana E.P.Perrier & B.Verl.; Rev. Hort. 1863: 433 (1863)

Distribution: Switzerland; France; Italy

11 SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala comosa subsp. pedemontana (E.P.Perrier & B.Verl.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 634 (1936)

= Polygala comosa var. pedemontana (E.P.Perrier & B.Verl.) Chodat; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 1: 188 (1892)

= Polygala nicaeensis f. coerulea Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(2): 61 (1936)

= Polygala nicaeensis subsp. pedemontana (E.P.Perrier & B.Verl.) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 216 (2012)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. pedemontana (Perrier & B.Verl.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 70 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris var. pedemontana (E.P.Perrier & B.Verl.) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 231 (1901)

species :

Polygala pedicellata S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 45 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala peduncularis Burch. ex DC.; Prod. 1: 323 (1824)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala hispidula C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 445 (1845)

= Polygala intermedia DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 322 (1824)

= Polygala rosmarinifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 20 (1834-35)

species :

Polygala pellucida Lace; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915: 395 (1915)

Distribution: Myanmar

41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara pellucida (Lace) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 129 (1998)

species :

Polygala pendulina R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 118 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Queensland)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala pennellii S.F.Blake; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 86 (1924)

Distribution: Colombia (Huila)

82 CLM

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala peplis Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 608 (1886)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

variant :

var. boinensis H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malgache, n. s. 14: 4 (1932)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Polygala perdurans Pendry; Blutnea 42(2): 470 (1997)

Distribution: Laos

41 LAO

species :

Polygala perennis S.F.Blake; N. Am. Fl. 25: 362 (1924)

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala perrieri Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 167 (1998)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Polygala persicariifolia DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 326 (1824)

Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; ?Kenya; ?Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique; Yemen (Aden Desert); China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin, Mandalay, Shan); N-Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Philippines (Luzon); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Lombok, Flores, Timor, Alor); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Queensland)

22 GUI NGA SIE 23 BUR CAF CMN RWA ZAI 24 ERI ETH SSU SUD 25 UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM 35 YEM 36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY NWG PHI SUM 50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala buchanani D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nep. 199 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Polygala figariana Webb; Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.-aegypt. 31. (1854)

= Polygala granulata Hochst; Flora 24: I. Intell. 30 (1841)

= Polygala granulata Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 39 (1847)

= Polygala hypericoides Webb; Fragm. Fl. Aethiop. 31 (1854)

= Polygala persicariifolia f. fazogliana Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 333 (1893)

= Polygala persicariifolia f. latifolia Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 333 (1893), nom. illeg.

= Polygala persicariifolia f. macrophylla Lanza & Mattei; Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 80 (1909)

= Polygala persicariifolia var. densiflora Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 333 (1893)

= Polygala persicariifolia var. fazogliana (Chodat) T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afric. 1(2): 242 (1898)

= Polygala persicariifolia var. granulata (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 333 (1893)

= Polygala persicariifolia var. latifolia Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 129 (1868)

= Polygala persicariifolia var. punctulata Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 332 (1893)

= Polygala punctulata Hochst.; Flora 24(1 Intell.): 30 (1841), nomen

= Polygala rufa Span.; Linnaea 15: 167 (1841)

= Polygala septemnervia Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1: Suppl. 202 (1906)

= Polygala spilophylla Steud.; Nom. ed. II. 2: 373 (1840), nomen

= Polygala wallichiana Wight; Ill. Ind. Bot. 1: 49 (1838)

species :

Polygala peshmenii Eren, Parolly, Raus & Kürschner; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 158(1): 83 (2008)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Polygala petitiana A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 37 (1847)

subspecies :

subsp. petitiana

Distribution: Mali; Burkina Faso; Ghana; Togo; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Sudan; ?South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique

22 BKN GHA MLI NGA TOG 23 BUR CAF CMN RWA ZAI 24 ETH SUD 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala nilotica Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 369 (1893)

= Polygala petitiana var. calceolata Norl.; Bot. Not. 1935: 364 (1935)

= Polygala tetrasepala Webb; Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.-Aegypt.: 33 (1854)

= Polygala volkensii Gürke; Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C 234 (1895)

variant :

var. abercornensis Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 228 (1998)

Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia

25 TAN 26 ZAM

subspecies :

subsp. parviflora (Exell) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 228 (1998)

Distribution: South Sudan; Uganda; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; etc.

24 SSU 25 UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala petitiana var. parviflora Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 31: 12 (1957)

species :

Polygala petricola J.F.B.Pastore; Edinburgh J. Bot. 78-356: 2 (2021)

Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely into Senega

species :

Polygala petrophila R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 120 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)

50 AUS

variant :

var. angustifolia R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 120 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala plagioptera Linden & Planch.; Pl. Columb. 1: 29 (1863)

Distribution: Colombia

82 CLM

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala platyptera Bornm. & Gauba; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 33 (1942)

Distribution: Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN

species :

Polygala poggei Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. 14: 309 (1892)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; NW-Angola

23 ZAI 26 ANG

species :

Polygala polyedra Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 364 (1917)

Distribution: Mexico (Sinaloa)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala pottebergensis Levyns; J. South Afr. Bot. 21: 30 (1955)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala praecox R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 121 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala praetermissa Thulin; Nord. J. Bot. 21: 393 (2001)

Distribution: NE-Somalia

24 SOM

species :

Polygala praticola Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 332 (1912)

Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala preslii Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 5: 551 (1828)

Distribution: ?Italy; Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala elongata C.Presl; Fl. Sicul.: xvi (1826), nom. illeg.

= Polygala vulgaris var. preslii (Spreng.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 125 (1925)

species :

Polygala producta N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 142 (1895)

Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]

26 MOZ ZIM 27 SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala rehmannii var. gymnoptera Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 321 (1912)

= Polygala rehmannii var. parviflora Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 362 (1893)

species :

Polygala pruinosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 8. (1843)

subspecies :

subsp. pruinosa

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai)

33 ARM AZE 34 SIN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala ramulosa Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 6: 24 (1859)

= Polygala phrygia Boiss. & Balansa ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 1: 473 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. megaptera Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 25: 46 (1963)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Polygala pseudoalpestris (Gren.) A.W.Hill; Index Kew Suppl. 6: 162 (1926)

Distribution: E-France; Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala vulgaris f. pseudoalpestris (Gren.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 64 (1896), nomen

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. pseudoalpestris (Gren.) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 41 (1928)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. pseudoalpestris (Gren.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 62 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris var. pseudoalpestris Gren.; Fl. Jurass. 1: 98 (1865)

species :

Polygala pseudocoelosioides Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 237 (1893)

Distribution: Honduras; Nicaragua; Guyana

80 HON NIC 82 GUY

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala mosquitiensis Proctor; Moscosoa 2: 21 (1983)

species :

Polygala pseudohospita (Tamamsch.) Tamamsch.; Fl. URSS, ed. Kom. 14: 255 (1949)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala supina var. pseudohospita Tamamsch.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 326 (1936)

species :

Polygala pterocarpa R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 122 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala pterocarya Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52: Beibl. 115, 83 (1914)

Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala pteropoda H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malgache, n. s. 14: 24 (1931 publ. 1932)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Polygala pubiflora Burch. ex DC.; Prod. 1: 322 (1824)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala pungens Burch.; Trav. 1: 304 (1822)

Distribution: South Africa (Free State, N-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala pycnantha R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 123 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Queensland)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala pycnophylla Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 304 (1927), non Brandegee 1917

species :

Polygala pyroloides Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 85: 603 (1938 publ. 1939)

Distribution: C-Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Polygala qii X.L.Yu, J.J.Zhou & A.Liu; PhytoKeys 244: 78 (2024)

Distribution: China (Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Polygala rarifolia DC.; Prod. 1: 332 (1824)

Distribution: Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Ghana

22 GAM GHA GNB GUI SIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala rigens Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 22 (1834-35)

= Polygala tenuifolia Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 220 (1822), nom. illeg.

= Polygala tenuis A.Dietr.; Allg. Gartenzeitung (Otto & Dietrich) 2: 119 (1834), nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala rausiana U.Raabe, Kit Tan, Iatroú, Vold & Parolly; Willdenowia 39(1): 71 (2009)

Distribution: S-Greece (N-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

species :

Polygala recognita Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 428 (1893)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala refracta Burch. ex DC.; Prod. 1: 323 (1824)

Distribution: South Africa (Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho

27 LES SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala harveyana Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 412 (1893)

= Polygala macra Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 89 (1860), nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala rehmannii Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 362 (1893)

Distribution: Zimbabwe; South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal)

26 ZIM 27 SAF

species :

Polygala reinii Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 292 (1878)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala reinii f. angustifolia (T.Itô) K.Watson & H.Ohba; Fl. Japan 2c: 54 (1999)

= Polygala reinii f. stenophylla Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80(6): 326 (2005), nom. superfl.

= Polygala reinii var. angustifolia Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 3(5): 18 (1926), nom. illeg.

= Polygala reinii var. angustifolia T.Itô; Encycl. Jap. 2: 612 (1909)

species :

Polygala resendeana Paiva; Portug. Acta Biol., B 9: 172 (1968)

Distribution: SW-Angola

26 ANG

species :

Polygala resinosa S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(1): 78-80, f. 2: 1-3 (1980)

Distribution: China (SW-Guangxi)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara resinosa (S.K.Chen) Paiva & P.Silveira; Nordic J. Bot. 25(5-6): 288 (2008)

species :

Polygala retamoides (H.Perrier) Wahlert, Phillipson & G.E.Schatz; Candollea 68(2): 314 (2013)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala longeracemosa var. retamoides H.Perrier; Bull. Trimestriel Acad. Malgache ser. 2, 14: 10 (1932)

species :

Polygala retiefiana Paiva & Figueiredo; Phytotaxa 117(1): 31 (2013)

Distribution: South Africa (Free State)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala retifolia S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 29 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala rhinanthoides Sol. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 140 (1863)

Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)

42 NWG 50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala rhinanthoides var. minor Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 140 (1863)

species :

Polygala rhinostigma Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: Beibl. 328 (1912)

Distribution: South Africa (Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho

27 LES SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala rhinostigma var. latialata Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 329 (1912)

species :

Polygala rhynchocarpa R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 124 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala rigens Burch.; Trav. S. Africa 1: 465 (1822)

Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala asbestina var. rigens (Burch.) Harv.

species :

Polygala rivularis Gürke; Warb., Kunene-Sambesi Exped. 278 (1903)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia

23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM

species :

Polygala robsonii Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 34: 93 (1960)

Distribution: Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe

26 MLW ZAM ZIM

species :

Polygala rodrigueana Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 247 (1998), nom. nov.

Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Muraltia arcuata (Chodat) Chodat; Vierteljahrsschr. Nat. Ges. Zürich 61: 626 (1916)

= Polygala arcuata Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 333 (1912)

species :

Polygala rojasii Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. 2, 7: 919 (1907)

Distribution: Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Amambay, Canindeyu, Central); Argentina (Formosa, Misiones)

83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala rosea Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 128 (1798)

Distribution: ?Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala gypsophiloides C.Presl ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 558 (1878), nomen

= Polygala saxatilis Port. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 558 (1878), nomen

= Polygala schimperi C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 444 (1845)

= Polygala vulgaris Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 127 (1798) non L.

species :

Polygala rosmarinifolia Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 37 (1834)

Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka

40 IND SRL

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala arnottiana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 370 (1841), nomen, non Hassk.

= Polygala linarifolia B.Heyne ex Hassk.; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 175 (1864)

= Polygala rosmarinifolia var. puberula Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 400 (1864)

= Polygala tranquebarica Wight; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4169 (1831), nomen

= Polygala triflora Hassk.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 175 (1864), nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala rossica Kem.-Nath.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis., Fasc. 14, 34 (1948)

Distribution: European Russia (Kursk)

14 RUS

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Polygala rupestris Pourr.; Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 325 (1788)

subspecies :

subsp. rupestris

Distribution: Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Sardinia; ?Italy; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

12 BAL FRA GIB SAR SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN

Remarks: rupestris agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Isolophus saxatilis (Desf.) Spach; Hist. Veg. Phan. 7: 114 (1839)

= Polygala juniperina Cav.; Anal. Cienc. Nat. 4: 53 (1801)

= Polygala laticarpa (Doum.) Sennen; Sennen & Mauricio, Cat. Fl. Rif Orient.: 146 (1933)

= Polygala microphylla var. juniperina (Cav.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur.: 210 (1855)

= Polygala rupestris f. angustifolia Dautez & Debeaux; Syn. Fl. Gibraltar: 32 (1889)

= Polygala rupestris f. canescens Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31: 310 (1893)

= Polygala rupestris f. tenuifolia Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31: 310 (1893)

= Polygala rupestris subsp. tunetana Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 33(12): 26 (1897)

= Polygala rupestris subvar. canescens (Chodat) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 82 (1896)

= Polygala rupestris var. angustifolia (Dautez & Debeaux) Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan.: 268 (1893)

= Polygala rupestris var. canescens (Chodat) Jahand. & Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 457 (1932)

= Polygala rupestris var. juniperina (Cav.) P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 313 (1915)

= Polygala rupestris var. laticarpa (Doum.) Pau & Font Quer; Font Quer, Iter Marocc. 1927 no. 360, in sched. (1928)

= Polygala rupestris var. rupicola (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algèrie [Batt. & Trab.] Dicot. 1(1): 106 (1888)

= Polygala rupestris var. saxatilis (Desf.) Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 33(12): 26 (1897)

= Polygala rupicola Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 213 (1874), nom. illeg.

= Polygala saxatilis Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 128 (1798)

= Polygala tunetana Murb.; Contrib. Fl. Nord-Ouest Afr., ser. 1, 1: (Act. Reg. Soc. Physiogr. Lund, viii) (1897)

subspecies :

subsp. font-queri (Pau) Font Quer; Cavanillesia 4: 92 (1931)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala font-queri Pau; Cavanillesia 4: 91 (1931)

= Polygala oxycoccoides subsp. font-queri Font Quer; Cavanillesia 4: 92 (1931), nom. altern.

subspecies :

subsp. oxycoccoides (Desf.) Batt.; Fl. Algèrie [Batt. & Trab.] Dicot.: 106 (1888)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala oxyococcoides Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 127 (1798)

= Polygala rupestris f. desertica Chodat; Mém. Soc. Sci. Phys. GenAve 31(2): 311 (1893)

= Polygala rupestris subsp. densiflora Braun-Blanq. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 13: 14 (1922)

= Polygala rupestris var. densiflora (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 457 (1932)

= Polygala rupestris var. desertica (Chodat) Jahand. & Maire; Jahand. et al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 457 (1932)

= Polygala rupestris var. oxycoccoides (Desf.) Chodat; Mém. Soc. Sci. Phys. GenAve 31(2): 310 (1893)

species :

Polygala rupicola Hochst. & Steud.; Flora 24: 1, 30 (1841)

Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea; Saudi Arabia (Asir)

24 ERI ETH 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala abyssinica var. adoensis Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 389 (1893)

species :

Polygala russelliana S.F.Blake; N. Am. Fl. 25: 326 (1924)

Distribution: Mexico (?Baja California Sur, Morelos, Sonora)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala ruwenzoriensis Chodat; J. Bot., 199 (1896)

Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Uganda; Zambia

23 RWA ZAI 25 UGA 26 ZAM

species :

Polygala saccopetala R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 125 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala sadebeckiana Gürke; Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C 233 (1895)

Distribution: Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Mozambique

24 ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN 26 MLW MOZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala cryptantha Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 311 (1912)

= Polygala gillettii Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 174 (1998)

= Polygala kassasii Chrtek; Preslia 48(1): 84 (1976)

= Polygala maxima Gürke; Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C 233 (1895)

= Polygala polygoniflora Chodat; J. Bot. 34: 200 (1896)

= Polygala sadebeckiana var. minor Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 906 (1896)

species :

Polygala sandiaochiaoensis S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 3: 97 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Polygala sardoa Chodat; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève ser. 2, 5: 109 (1913)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala vulgaris var. sardoa (Chodat) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 125 (1925)

species :

Polygala saxicola Dunn; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35(247): 485 (1903)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara saxicola (Dann) Paiva; Fontqueria, 50: 127 (1998)

species :

Polygala scabra L.; Sp. Pl. 703 (1753)

Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)

27 NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala affinis DC.; Prod. 1: 322 (1824)

= Polygala burmannii DC.; Prod. 1: 322 (1824)

= Polygala agnipila Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 455 (1913)

species :

Polygala schinziana Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 364 (1893)

Distribution: Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (North-West Prov.)

26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala benguellensis Gürke; Kunene-Sambesi-Exped. (Warb.) 277 (1903)

= Polygala bicornis Burch. ex Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 236 (1896)

species :

Polygala schirvanica Grossh.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 13: 17 (1950)

Distribution: Azerbaijan

33 AZE

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Polygala schoenlankii O.Hoffm. & Hildebr. ex O.Hoffm.; Sert. Madagascar. 6 (1881)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala buchenaui O.Hoffm.; Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 7: 240 (1882)

= Polygala hyssopifolia Bojer; Rapp. Annuel Trav. Soc. Hist. Nat. île Maurice 12: 13 (1842), nom. illeg.

= Polygala rutenbergii O.Hoffm.; Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 7: 239 (1882)

variant :

var. madagascariensis (O.Hoffm.) H.Perrier; Bull. Trimestr. Acad. Malgache, n. s. 14: 13 (1932)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala madagascariensis O.Hoffm.; Bremen, Abh. 7: 240 (1882)

variant :

var. simplicicrista H.Perrier; Bull. Trimestr. Acad. Malgache, n. s. 14: 14 (1932)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala leptocaulis Bojer; 12me. Rapp. Ann. Trav. Soc. Hist. Nat. Maurice: 14 (1842) ex Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 445 (1887)

= Polygala leptoclada Bojer; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 20: 96 (1843)

= Polygala schoenlankii var. leptocaulis (Baker) H.Perrier; Bull. Trimestr. Acad. Malgache, n. s. 14: 13 (1932)

species :

Polygala schweinfurthii Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 338 (1893)

Distribution: Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; S-Chad; South Sudan; Uganda; ?Tanzania

23 CAF CMN RWA ZAI 24 CHA SSU 25 UGA

species :

Polygala scorpioides R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 126 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Queensland)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala sekhukhuniensis Retief, S.J.Siebert & A.E.van Wyk; S. African J. Bot. 76(2): 346 (2010)

Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, Limpopo)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala seleri Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52: Beibl. 73 (1914)

Distribution: Guatemala

80 GUA

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala seminuda Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 86 (1860)

Distribution: Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Free State, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 BOT NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala parva Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 330 (1912)

species :

Polygala senensis Klotzsch; Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 113 (1861)

Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Oman (Dhofar); Yemen (W-Yemen, N-Inner Yemen)

24 ERI ETH SOM 25 KEN 26 MOZ ZIM 27 SAF SWZ 35 OMA YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala matteiana Pamp.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1915: 16 (1915), et in Chiov. Result. Sci. Miss. Stefan.-Paoli Somalia. Ital. 1: 25 (1916)

= Polygala multiflora Mattei; Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 7: 177 (1908), nom. illeg.

= Polygala rogersiana Baker f. [J.Bot.56: 5 (1918)]

species :

Polygala septentrionalis Troupin; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 19: 205 (1948)

Distribution: Cameroon; Central African Republic; N-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan

23 CAF CMN ZAI 24 SSU

species :

Polygala serpentaria Eckl & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 24 (1834-35)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]

27 SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala chloroptera Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 375 (1893), nom. illeg.

= Polygala laevigata E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Dokum.: 212 (1843), nomen

= Polygala natalensis Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 237 (1896)

= Polygala serpentaria Eckl. ex Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 334 (1893), nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala serpyllifolia Hosé; Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 21: 39 (1797)

Name: Quendel-Kreuzblümchen (DE), Heath Milkwort (EN)

10 DEN FOR GRB IRE NOR 11 AUT BGM CZE GER LUX NET SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA POR SPA 13 ITA KOS SRB 21 AZO 51 nzl

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala badensis K.F.Schimp.; Spenn., Fl. Friburg. 3: 867 (1829)

= Polygala depressa var. ciliata (Lebel) F.W.Schultz; 99 (1861)

= Polygala depressa var. oppositifolia Merino; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 2: 507 (1904)

= Polygala depressa Wender.; Schriften Ges. Beförd. Gesammten Naturwiss. Marburg 2: 239 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Polygala diffusa Wender.; 238 (1831), nom. inval.

= Polygala lioranii Jord. ex Lamotte; Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 1: 127 (1876)

= Polygala mutabilis Dum.Cours.; Fl. Belg. Prod. 31 (1827)

= Polygala paludosa Boenn. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 351 (1831), nomen

= Polygala serpyllacea subvar. angustifolia Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 11: 200 (1913)

= Polygala serpyllacea var. mutabilis (Dumort.) De Wild.; De Wild. & Durande, Prodr. Fl. Belg. 2(6): 385 (1899)

= Polygala serpyllacea var. vincoides Chodat; J. Bot. 44: 35 (1906)

= Polygala serpyllacea Weihe; Flora (Regensburg) 9: 745 (1826)

= Polygala serpyllifolia var. laxa (Rouy & Foucaud) Hegi; 106 (1924)

= Polygala serpyllifolia var. major (Rouy & Foucaud) Hegi; 106 (1924)

= Polygala serpyllifolia var. mutabilis (Dumort.) P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 371 (1916)

= Polygala serpyllifolia var. vincoides (Chodat ex Ham.-Davy) P.D.Sell; P. D. Sell & G. Murrell, Fl. Great Br. Ireland 518 (2009)

= Polygala vulgaris f. mutabilis (Dumort.) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 229 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris lusus depressa (Wender.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 514 (1862)

= Polygala vulgaris proles serpyllacea (Weihe) Samp.; Ann. Sci. Acad. Polytecn. Porto 4: 122 (1909)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. depressa (Wender.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 40 (1894)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. serpyllacea (Weihe) Ahlfv.; Neuman, 303 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. serpyllacea (Weihe) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 74 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. serpyllifolia (Hosé) Freiberg; Verh. Naturhist. Vereines Preuss. Rheinl. Westphalens 67: 419 (1911)

= Polygala vulgaris var. depressa (Wender.) Bab.; Man. Brit. Bot., ed. 5: 41 (1862)

= Polygala vulgaris var. laxa Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 75, 76 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris var. mutabilis (Dumort.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 75 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris var. serpyllacea (Weihe) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 229 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris var. serpyllifolia (Hosé) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 122 (1925)

species :

Polygala seyfegoluensis Dönmez, Ugurlu & Yizb.; Turk. J. Bot. 48(1): 45 (2024)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Polygala sfikasiana Kit Tan; Phytol. Balcan. 15(2): 291 (2009)

Distribution: S-Greece (SE-Peloponnisos: Mt. Parnonas etc.)

13 GRC

species :

Polygala sibirica L.; Sp. Pl. 702 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. sibirica

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Afghanistan (Paktia / Khost); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Pakistan; Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh); Bangladesh; Laos; Vietnam

13 BUL ROM 14 MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 33 NCS 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 KOR NKO 40 BAN IND NEP PAK 41 LAO VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala barthiana Fuss; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 19: 210 (1868)

= Polygala hakobii (Tamamsch.) Nevski; Fl. URSR 14: 251 (1949)

= Polygala heyneana Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4184 (1831), nomen

= Polygala heyneana Wall. ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind.: 38 (1834)

= Polygala japonica var. cinerascens Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France p. 33 (1899)

= Polygala macropetala Hassk.; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 168 (1864)

= Polygala sibirica lusus amurensis Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 520 (1862)

= Polygala sibirica lusus chinensis Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 519 (1862)

= Polygala sibirica lusus ussuriensis Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 520 (1862)

= Polygala sibirica f. ciliata Tamamsch.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 321 (1936)

= Polygala sibirica f. latifolia (Ledeb.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 519 (1862)

= Polygala sibirica f. latifolia Tamamsch.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 321 (1936), nom. illeg.

= Polygala sibirica subsp. heyneana (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Kit Tan; Edinburgh J. Bot. 47: 353 (1990)

= Polygala sibirica var. ciliata (Tamamsch.) Nevski; Fl. URSR 14: 251 (1949)

= Polygala sibirica var. hakobii Tamamsch.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 321 (1936)

= Polygala sibirica var. heyneana (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) A.W.Benn.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 205 (1872)

= Polygala sibirica var. latifolia Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 1: 269 (1842)

= Polygala sibirica var. stricta Debeaux; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 31: 123 (1876)

= Polygala venosa B.Heyne ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4184 (1831), nomen

variant :

var. megalopha Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 417 (1886)

Distribution: China (?Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

subspecies :

subsp. bhutanica Kit Tan; Edinburgh J. Bot. 47(3): 352 (1990)

Distribution: Bhutan; India (Sikkim, Assam); Myanmar (Shan)

40 BHU IND 41 MYA

species :

Polygala sinaica Botsch.; Novit. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 1964: 368 (1964)

Distribution: Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia)

34 SIN 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala spinescens Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, 3: 275 (1835) non Gillies (1833)

= Polygala decaisnei Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 371 (1841), nomen

variant :

var. glabrescens (Zohary) Boulos; Fl. Egypt 2: 71 (2000)

Distribution: Egypt; Israel; Sinai peninsula; Jordania; Saudi Arabia

20 EGY 34 ISR JOR SIN 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala edumea Zohary; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 2: 166 (1941)

= Polygala negevensis Danin; Israel J. Bot. 36(2): 67 (1987)

= Polygala spinescens var. glabrescens Zohary; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 1: 310 (1939)

species :

Polygala sinisica Arrigoni; Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 22: 259 (1983)

Distribution: Sardinia (Capo Mannu, coastal)

12 SAR

Conservation Status: IUCN CR, known only from few populations

species :

Polygala somaliensis Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 211 (1895)

Distribution: N-Somalia

24 SOM

species :

Polygala sophiae Kem.-Nath.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis., Fasc. 14, 30 (1948)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

species :

Polygala sosnowskyi Kem.-Nath.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) Geogr. Inst. Bot. Tphilis., Fasc. 14, 31 (1948)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus (Daghestan); Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

33 AZE GEO NCS

species :

Polygala sparsiflora Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 127 (1868)

Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; ?Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; ?Tanzania; Malawi

22 GHA GUI IVO SIE 23 BUR CAF ZAI 25 UGA 26 MLW

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala djalonis A.Chev.; Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. Franc. 1: 40 (1920), nomen

variant :

var. ukirensis (Gürke) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 207 (1998)

Distribution: Zambia

26 ZAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala ukirensis Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. 14: 310 (1892)

species :

Polygala sphaerocephala Chodat; Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 115: 80 (1914)

Distribution: Mexico (Michoacán)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala sphenoptera Fresen.; Mus. Senckenb. 2: 274 (1837)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; ?Tanzania; Zanzibar; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Yemen (Aden Desert, W-Yemen)

23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 ERI ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT SAF SWZ 35 YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala aethiopica Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 31: 330 (1893)

= Polygala ellenbeckii Gürke ex Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 314 (1912)

= Polygala filifera Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 315 (1912)

= Polygala gagnebiniana Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 321 (1893)

= Polygala quartiniana Dillon & A.Rich.; A. Rich., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 2, 14: 263 (1840)

= Polygala quartiniana var. minor Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 328 (1893)

= Polygala ruderalis Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 315 (1912)

= Polygala sphenoptera var. minor (Chodat) Chiov.; Miss. Biol. Borana, Racc. Bot., Angiosp.-Gymnosp.: 97 (1939)

= Polygala stuhlmannii Gürke; Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C: 234 (1895)

= Polygala tristis Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 903 (1896)

= Polygala ukambica Chodat; Mem. Soc Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 329 (1893)

= Polygala ukambica f. angustifolia Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 330 (1893)

= Polygala ukambica f. condensata Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 330 (1893)

= Polygala ukambica var. transvaalensis Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 329 (1893)

species :

Polygala stenocarpa S.F.Blake; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 528 (1924)

Distribution: Venezuela (Carabobo)

82 VEN

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala stenoclada Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 141 (1863)

Distribution: Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala stenoclada var. clementii Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 859 (1927)

species :

Polygala stenopetala Klotzsch; Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 114 (1861)

subspecies :

subsp. stenopetala

Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique

25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala asperifolia Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 323 (1912)

= Polygala viminalis f. brachyptera Chodat; Fries, Wiss. Erg. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo-Exp. 1911-1912 1: 114 (1914)

= Polygala viminalis Gürke; Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C 234 (1895)

subspecies :

subsp. casuarina (Chodat) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 220 (1998)

Distribution: Angola

26 ANG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala viminalis var. casuarina Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 322 (1912)

species :

Polygala stenosepala (Benth.) R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 127 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala arvensis var. stenosepala Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 141 (1863)

= Polygala chinensis var. stenosepala (Benth.) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 857 (1927)

= Polygala stenoclada var. stenosepala Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 141 (1863)

species :

Polygala steudneri Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 390 (1893)

Distribution: Ethiopia; Uganda; ?Kenya; ?Tanzania; Yemen

24 ETH 25 UGA 35 YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala negrii Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 315 (1911)

species :

Polygala stocksiana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 1: 59 (1854)

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey; Afghanistan (Kabul, Paktia / Khost); ?Pakistan

33 ARM 34 AFG TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala hohenackeriana var. stocksiana (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 1: 472 (1867)

species :

Polygala suanica Tamamsch.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 328 (1936)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Polygala subdioica H.Perrier; Bull. Acad. Malgache, n. s. 14: 18 (1931 publ. 1932)

Distribution: Madagascar

29 MDG

species :

Polygala subopposita S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(1): 85-86, f. 4: 10-20 (1980)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, ?Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Polygala subulata S.Watson; Proc. Calif. Acad. Wiss. 26: 132 (1891)

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala subuniflora Boiss. & Heldr.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 1: 59 (1854)

Distribution: S-Greece (Mt. Chelmos)

13 GRC

species :

Polygala succulenta R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 128 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)

50 AUS

variant :

var. congesta R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 129 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala supina Schreb.; Icon. Descr. Pl.: 19 (1766)

subspecies :

subsp. supina

Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; ?Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains)

13 ALB BIH BUL KOS MNT ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala andrachnoides Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 875 (1802) (nom. illeg.)

= Polygala bosniaca Murb.; Lunds Univ. Arsskrift 27(5): 165 (1892)

= Polygala gundelsheimeri K.Koch; Lirnaea 19: 59 (1847)

= Polygala hospita subsp. bosniaca (Murb.) Chrtek & Krísa; Preslia 48(4): 303 (1976)

= Polygala murbeckii Degen ex Hand.-Mazz., Stadlm., Janch. & Faltis; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 29 (1906)

= Polygala recurvata Celak.; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 22: 109 (1872)

= Polygala schreberi Pall. ex Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich, Nachtr.: 294 (1802)

= Polygala supina f. alba Sigunov; Glasn. Prir. Muz. Beogradu, C 8: 18 (1975)

= Polygala supina subsp. bosniaca Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 27(5): 163 (1891)

= Polygala supina subsp. murbeckii (Degen ex Hand.-Mazz., Stadlm., Janch. & Faltis) P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 7: 321 (1916)

= Polygala telephioides Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 5: 49 (1856), nom. illeg.

= Polygala vulgaris var. andrachnoides (Willd.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 511 (1862)

subspecies :

subsp. hospita (Heuff.) McNeill; Feddes Repert. 79: 30 (1968)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala hospita Heuff.; Flora (Regensburg) 36: 620 (1853)

= Polygala hospita var. achtarovii Kozuharov & A.V.Petrova; Fl. Nar. Republ. Bulgariya 7: 492 (1979)

= Polygala hospita var. celakovskyana (K.Malý) Kozuharov & A.V.Petrova; Fl. Nar. Republ. Bulgariya 7: 196 (1979)

= Polygala hospita var. moesiaca Kozuharov & A.V.Petrova; Fl. Nar. Republ. Bulgariya 7: 492 (1979)

subspecies :

subsp. rhodopea (Velen.) McNeill; Feddes Repert. 79: 31 (1968)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Bulgaria; N-Greece (south to Mt. Peristeri)

13 BUL GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala hohenackeriana subsp. rhodopea (Velen.) Hayek; Rep. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 593 (1925)

= Polygala hohenackeriana var. rhodopea Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.- Naturwiss. Cl. 1893(37): 13 (1893)

= Polygala rhodopea (Velen.) Janch.; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 51: 180 (1915)

species :

Polygala taiwanensis S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 4: 261 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Polygala tamamschaniae V.I.Dorof.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 271 (2001)

Distribution: S-European Russia; C-European Russia

14 RUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala alata (Tamamsch.) Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 254 (1976)

= Polygala major var. alata Tamamsch.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 324 (1936)

species :

Polygala tatarinowii Regel; Bull. S. Nat. Mosc. 34(2): 523 (1861)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Pakistan (Rawalpindi); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh); N-Myanmar; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)

31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA VIE 42 NWG PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara tatarinowii (Regel) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 130 (1998)

= Polygala sieboldiana Miq.; Versl. en Med. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. II. 2: 85 (1868)

= Salomonia martini H.Lév.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 290 (1904)

= Semeiocardium hamiltonii Hassk.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 151 (1863)

species :

Polygala telephioides Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 876 (1802)

Distribution: India (Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala); Sri Lanka; Myanmar; peninsular Malaysia

40 IND SRL 41 MYA 42 MLY

species :

Polygala tenella Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 878 (1802)

Name: Swamp milkwort, Plumerito (Cuba)

Distribution: USA (Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas); Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Morelos, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz); Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Colombia (Magdalena, Tolima); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Cojedes, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guarico, Merida, Portuguesa, Trujillo); Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); NE-Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Misiones, Paraguari, San Pedro); Uruguay (Canelones, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rivera, San Jose, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones)

77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS HON NIC PAN 81 CUB JAM 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely into Senega

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala alopecurus Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve. 31: n. 2. 227 (1893)

= Polygala funkii Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 224 (1893)

= Polygala leptocaulis Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Am. 1: 130, preocc. (1838)

= Polygala leptocaulis var. glochidiata (Chodat) Marques; Rodriguésia 31(48): 233 (1979)

= Polygala macerrima S.F.Blake; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 43: 5 (1930)

= Polygala pringlei S.Watson; Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 142 (1890)

= Polygala stenocaulon Grondona; Darwiniana 9: 26 (1949)

species :

Polygala tenuicaulis Hook.f.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 182 (1864)

Distribution: SE-Nigeria; SW-Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]

22 NGA 23 BIO CMN

Conservation Status: IUCN VU (Cameroon)

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala donii Hook.f.; Hook. Niger Fl. 222 (1849)

variant :

var. tayloriana Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 207 (1998)

Distribution: Cameroon

23 CMN

Conservation Status: IUCN VU (Cameroon)

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala pleioclada Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 317 (1912)

species :

Polygala tenuifolia Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 879 (1802)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala sibirica f. tenuifolia (Willd.) Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 521 (1862)

= Polygala sibirica var. angustifolia Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 1: 269 (1842)

= Polygala sibirica var. tenuifolia (Willd.) Backer & Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 17: 379 (1879)

= Polygala sibirica var. tenuifolia (Willd.) Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2): 348 (1893), isonym

species :

Polygala tepperi F.Muell.; Vict. Natural. 7: 38 (1890), et in Bot. Centralbl. 43: 276 (1890)

Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala teretifolia L.f.; Suppl. 316 (1782)

Distribution: Mozambique; Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)

26 MOZ 27 NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala eckloniana C.Presl; Bot. Bemerk. 15 (1845)

= Polygala empetrifolia Houtt.; Nat. Hist. 2(5): 433 (1775)

species :

Polygala thunbergii DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 333 (1824)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala microphylla Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 121 (1800), nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala tinctoria Vahl; Symb. Bot. 1: 50 (1790)

Distribution: ?Somalia; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (Aden Desert, W-Yemen)

35 SAU YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala bracteolata Forssk.; Fl. Aeg.-Arab. 213 (1775) non L. (1753)

species :

Polygala tisserantii Jacq.-Fél.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 99: 66 (1952), in clavi.

Distribution: Central African Republic

23 CAF

Remarks: only known from type

species :

Polygala tocantinensis J.F.B.Pastore & Antar; Eur. J. Taxon. 762: 137 (2021)

Distribution: Brazil (Tocantins)

84 BRA

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely into Senega

species :

Polygala tonkinensis Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 97 (1893)

Distribution: Laos; Vietnam

41 LAO VIE

species :

Polygala torrei Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 31: 6 (1957)

Distribution: S-Mozambique

26 MOZ

Remarks: only known from type collected in 1941

species :

Polygala transcaucasica Tamamsch.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 325 (1935-36)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

33 ARM GEO 34 TUR

species :

Polygala transvaalensis Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 374 (1893)

subspecies :

subsp. transvaalensis

Distribution: Rwanda; ?Burundi; Uganda; Zimbabwe; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]

23 RWA 25 UGA 26 ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala abbreviata Markötter; Ann. Univ. Stellenb. 8: Sect. A, No. 1, 28 (1930)

subspecies :

subsp. kagerensis (Lebrun & Taton) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 246 (1998)

Distribution: trop. Africa; D.R.Congo [Zaire]

23 ZAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala kagerensis Lebrun & Taton; Expl. Parc Nat. Kagera, Miss. J. Lebrun 1937-38, Fasc. 1, 81 (1948)

species :

Polygala tricholopha Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31(2): 89, t. 17, f. 20 (1893)

Distribution: China (?Guangxi, Hainan, SW-Yunnan); Bhutan; India (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra

36 CHI 40 BHU IND 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala laotica Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 56: 21 (1909)

species :

Polygala trichoptera Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 52: Beibl. 74 (1914)

Distribution: Guatemala

80 GUA

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala triflora L.; Sp. Pl. 705 (1753)

Distribution: Sri Lanka; Thailand; Cambodia; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Moluccas (Ternate); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)

40 SRL 41 CBD THA 42 BOR MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL SUM 50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala chinensis var. dissitiflora Domin; Bibl. Bot. (1927 publ. 1928)

= Polygala chinensis var. triflora (L.) A.W.Benn.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 1: 204 (1872)

= Polygala glaucoides var. triflora (L.) Trimen; Handb. Fl. Ceylon 1: 81 (1893)

= Polygala heterophylla Scheele; Linnaea 17: 336 (1844)

= Polygala kleinii Hassk.; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 158 (1864)

= Polygala prostrata Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 (Willd.) 3(2): 896 (1802)

species :

Polygala triquetra C.Presl; Bot. Bemerk. 15 (1845)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala refracta var. steudeliana (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 89 (1860)

= Polygala steudeliana Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral.: 23 (1835)

species :

Polygala turcica Dönmez & Ugurlu; Willdenowia 45(3): 430 (2015)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Polygala turgida Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 123 (1906)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala alba var. alcalina Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 122 (1895)

species :

Polygala umbellata L.; Mant. Pl. 2: 259 (1771)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala ciliatifolia Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(II): 347 (1854 publ. 1855)

= Polygala ciliatifolia var. mundtiana Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 428 (1893)

= Polygala ciliolata Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 87 (1860)

= Polygala macra DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 323 (1824)

= Polygala macra Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 22 (1834-35)

= Polygala pungens Drège; Zwei Pfl. Docum. 212 (1843), nomen

= Polygala umbellata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 120 (1800), nom. illeg.

species :

Polygala umbonata Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1916(10): 260-261 (1916)

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); India (Nagaland); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia

36 CHI 40 IND 41 CBD LAO MYA THA

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara umbonata (Craib) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 136 (1998)

species :

Polygala uncinata E.Mey. ex Meisn.; Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 1: 468 (1842)

Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]

26 MOZ ZIM 27 LES NAM SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala hamata Burtt Davy; Man. Fl. Pl. & Ferns, Pt. 1, 48, 133. 135 (1926)

= Polygala latipetala N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906, 98 (1906)

= Polygala rehmannii var. latipetala (N.E.Br.) Norl.; Bot. Not. 1935: 362 (1935)

= Polygala tenuifolia var. uncinata (E.Mey. ex Meisn.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 88 (1860)

species :

Polygala urartu Tamamsch.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 322 (1936)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

species :

Polygala usafuensis Gürke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 337 (1901)

Distribution: Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique

23 CAF RWA ZAI 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala heliostigma Chodat; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 1913, Ser. 2, v. 190 (1913)

= Polygala riparia Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48, Beibl. 317 (1912)

= Polygala tanganyikensis Troupin; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 19: 208 (1948)

= Polygala verdickii Gürke ex De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 4 (1(3)): 205 (1903)

species :

Polygala validiflora R.A.Kerrigan; Austral. Syst. Bot. 25(2): 131 (2012)

Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)

50 AUS

species :

Polygala vatkeana Exell; J. Bot. 70: 184 (1932)

Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Uganda; ?Kenya; ?Tanzania

23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 ETH 25 UGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala schimperi Vatke ex Engl.; Abhandl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 1891 (1892) 281. nomen, Chodat in Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 349 (1893)

species :

Polygala velata S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb., n. s. 47: 41 (1916)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala venenosa Juss. ex Poir.; Encyc. 5: 493 (1804)

Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Philippines; Java

41 THA 42 BOR BRN JAW MLY PHI SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Badiera pulchra (Hassk.) Hassk.; Cat. Pl. Hort. Bogor. Alt. 227 (1844)

= Badiera venenosa (Juss. ex Poir.) Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Alt.: 227 (1844)

= Chamaebuxus pulchra (Hassk.) Hassk.; Pl. Jav. Rar.: 294 (1848)

= Chamaebuxus venenosa (Juss. ex Poir.) Hassk.; Pl. Jav. Rar.: 294 (1848)

= Chamaebuxus venenosa subvar. elliptica Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 154 (1863)

= Chamaebuxus venenosa subvar. minor Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 154 (1863)

= Chamaebuxus venenosa subvar. obovata Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 154 (1863)

= Chamaebuxus venenosa var. aptera Miq.; Pl. Jungh. 1: 26 (1851)

= Chamaebuxus venenosa var. gracilis Miq.; Pl. Jungh. 1: 26 (1851)

= Chamaebuxus venenosa var. robusta Miq.; Pl. Jungh. 1: 26 (1851)

= Polygala pulchra Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 100 (1893), nom. illeg.

= Polygala pulchra Hassk.; Flora 25(2, Beibl. 1): 32 (1842)

= Polygala simassan Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 3: 392 (1861)

= Polygala venenosa subsp. pulchra (Hassk.) Steenis; Hamzah & Toha. Mt. Fl. Java: sub t. 41 (1972)

= Polygala venenosa var. eramosa Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 45 (1891)

= Polygala venenosa var. robusta (Miq.) Craib; Fl. Siam. 1: 104 (1931)

species :

Polygala venulosa Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. 2: 52 (1813)

Name: Geäderte Kreuzblümchen (DE); Veiny Milkwort (EN)

Distribution: Greece (Sporades, Attiki, Evvoia, Argolis, SE-Peloponnisos, Kiklades: Naxos, Paros, Sifnos, Milos, Amorgos, Keros, Astipaleia, Anafi); Crete (widespreads); East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Dodecanese, Kos, Tilos, Kasos, Karpathos, Chalki, Rhodos); Cyprus (C-Mountains, S-Cyprus, N-Cyprus)

13 GRC KRI 34 CYP EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala adscendens E.D.Clarke; Travels Eur. Asia & Africa 3: 337 (1813)

species :

Polygala vilcabambae B.Eriksen & Stahl; Fl. Ecuador 65: 21 (2000)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala virgata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 120 (1800)

Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]

27 SAF SWZ 29 mdg 50 aus 51 nzl

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala cernua Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 120 (1800)

= Polygala genistoides Poir.; Encyc. 5: 492 (1804)

= Polygala genistoides var. spartioides Burch. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 323 (1824)

= Polygala genistopsis Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 405 (1893)

= Polygala ligularis Spreng. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. 19 (1834-35)

= Polygala longifolia C.Presl; Bot. Bemerk. 15 (1845)

= Polygala macra E.Mey.; Drège, Zwei Pfl. Docum. 212 (1843)

= Polygala spartioides (Burch. ex DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral.: 20 (1835)

= Polygala sprengeliana Eckl. & Zeyh.; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral.: 19 (1835)

= Polygala virgata var. cernua (Thunb.) Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 404 (1893)

= Polygala virgata var. genistoides (Poir.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 85 (1860)

= Polygala virgata var. intermedia Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 85 (1860)

= Polygala virgata var. sprengeliana (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 85 (1860)

variant :

var. decora (Sond.) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 85 (1860)

Distribution: SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; ?Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]

23 ZAI 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 LES NAM SAF SWZ 29 mau reu

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala decora Sond.; Linnaea 23: 14 (1850)

= Polygala ourolopha Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 331 (1912)

= Polygala simplex Burch. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 1: 322 (1824)

variant :

var. speciosa (Sims) Harv.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 1: 85 (1860)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala speciosa Sims; Bot. Mag.: tab. 1780 (1816)

= Psychanthus speciosus (Sims) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. 7: 138 (1838)

species :

Polygala vittata Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 183 (1998)

Distribution: Kenya

25 KEN

Remarks: only known from type collected in 1949

species :

Polygala vulgaris L.; Sp. Pl.: 702 (1753), nom. cons.

subspecies :

subsp. vulgaris

Name: Gewöhnliches Kreuzblümchen (DE), Common milkwort (EN)

Distribution: Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly, St. Kilda Isl.); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; ?Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; European Turkey; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Australia [I] (Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (Michigan [I], Oregon [I])

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 34 TUR 50 aus 51 nzl 73 usa 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala amara subsp. angustifolia Lange ex Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 61 (1910)

= Polygala amaurocarpa Timb.-Lagr. & Baillet; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 10: 88 (1892)

= Polygala angustifolia Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 113 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Polygala aquitanica Clavaud; Ann. Soc. L. Bord. 35: 362, t. 15, f. 5 (1881)

= Polygala babingtonii Druce; Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 3: 12 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Polygala ballii Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Fl. Eur. 1: 83 (1878)

= Polygala basaltica Lamotte; Prod. Fl. Centr. Fr. 1: 125 (1855)

= Polygala calliptera (Legrand) A.W.Hill; Index Kew., Suppl. 6: 161 (1926)

= Polygala coerulea Miégev. ex Rchb.; Pl. Crit. 1: 25 (1823)

= Polygala corsica Gremli; Neue Beitr. Fl. Schweiz 3: 4 (1883), nom. illeg.

= Polygala densiuscula (Rouy & Foucaud) A.W.Hill; Index Kew., Suppl. 6: 161 (1926)

= Polygala intermedia Eichw.; Skizze: 174 (1830), nom. illeg.

= Polygala involutiflora Lamotte; Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 1: 126 (1876)

= Polygala lensei Boreau; Mem. Soc. Acad. Maine-et-Loire 14: 42 (1863)

= Polygala lusitanica Welw. ex Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 441 (1893)

= Polygala michaletii Gren.; Mém. Soc. Émul. Doubs, sér. 4, 9: 395 (1875)

= Polygala monspeliaca All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 301 (1785), nom. illeg.

= Polygala montana Opiz; Flora 5: 270 (1822)

= Polygala moriana Brittinger; Flora 9: 729 (1826)

= Polygala oberthueri Sennen; Diagn. Nouv.: 8 (1936)

= Polygala oberthuerii var. renati Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1928: no. 6520 (1929)

= Polygala parviflora Rchb.f. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 83 (1878), nomen

= Polygala pedemontana var. guarensis Pau ex Chodat; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 12: 164 (1913)

= Polygala polymorpha K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn., Fl. Frib. 3: 865 (1829), nom. illeg.

= Polygala polymorpha var. vulgaris (L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn., 865 (1829)

= Polygala reticulata J.Presl & C.Presl; Delic. Prag.: 228 (1822)

= Polygala spuria Steven ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 1: 271 (1842)

= Polygala stojanovii Stef.; Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh. 3: 80 (1929)

= Polygala transsilvanica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 90 (1866)

= Polygala vaillantii Besser; Enum. Pl. Volh. 73 (1822) (vailliantii)

= Polygala verviana Lej.; Fl. Spa 2: 92 (1813)

= Polygala vulgaris f. angustifolia Tosco ex Ariello, Bellia & Della Beffa; Rea 11: 10 (1981-1987 publ. 1988), nom. illeg.

= Polygala vulgaris f. annua Caball.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 5: 507 (1945)

= Polygala vulgaris f. latifolia Tosco ex Ariello, Bellia & Della Beffa; Rea 11: 10 (1981-1987 publ. 1988)

= Polygala vulgaris f. major (W.D.J.Koch) C.W.Christ.; Flora von Kiel [J. A. Christiansen et al.] 139 (1922)

= Polygala vulgaris f. parviflora Podp.; 28 (1922)

= Polygala vulgaris lusus suberecta Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 513 (1862)

= Polygala vulgaris proles angustifolia (Lange ex Gand.) P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 366 (1916), nom. illeg.

= Polygala vulgaris proles densiuscula Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 64 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris proles involutiflora (Lamotte) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 67 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris proles lensaei (Boreau) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 67 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris proles pseudoalpestris (Gren.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 64 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris proles saltelis Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 64 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. angustifolia Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 4: 122 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. involutiflora (Lamotte) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 42 (1928)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. lensaei (Boreau.) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 42 (1928)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. litigiosa Berher; Louis, Fl. Vosges, éd. 2: 50 (1887)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. renati (Sennen) Sennen; Diagn. Nouv.: 8 (1936), nom. alt.

= Polygala vulgaris subf. elongata (Pers.) Hegi; 102 (1924)

= Polygala vulgaris subf. montana (Opiz) Hegi; 102 (1924)

= Polygala vulgaris subvar. albida Chodat; Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 135 (1889)

= Polygala vulgaris subvar. alpigena Chodat; Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 135 (1889)

= Polygala vulgaris subvar. brachybracteata Chodat; Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 139 (1889)

= Polygala vulgaris subvar. montana (Opiz) Domin; 252 (1930)

= Polygala vulgaris subvar. nudicaulis Chodat; Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 135 (1889)

= Polygala vulgaris var. achaetes Döll; Rhein. Fl. 692 (1843)

= Polygala vulgaris var. alba Gillot; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 27: XXXVII (1881), nomen

= Polygala vulgaris var. albiflora Murr; 4 (1894), nom. inval.

= Polygala vulgaris var. alpestris W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 5: 71 (1839)

= Polygala vulgaris var. alpestris W.D.J.Koch ex Gren.; 195 (1847)

= Polygala vulgaris var. angustifolia DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3 6: 386 (1815)

= Polygala vulgaris var. carnea H.Mart.; 123 (1817)

= Polygala vulgaris var. coerulea A.F.Schwarz; 106 (1897)

= Polygala vulgaris var. elata DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3 6: 386 (1815)

= Polygala vulgaris var. elongata Pers.; 271 (1806)

= Polygala vulgaris var. floribunda Chodat; Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 134 (1889)

= Polygala vulgaris var. grandiflora DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3 6: 386 (1815)

= Polygala vulgaris var. hispanica Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 10: 371 (1964), nomen

= Polygala vulgaris var. involutiflora (Lamotte) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 635 (1937)

= Polygala vulgaris var. latifolia Wender.; 241 (1831), nom. inval.

= Polygala vulgaris var. lensaei (Boreau) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 635 (1937)

= Polygala vulgaris var. lusitana Welw. ex Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 4: 121 (1866), nomen

= Polygala vulgaris var. lusitanica Cout.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 10: 71, 73 (1892)

= Polygala vulgaris var. major Schumach.; 208 (1801), nom. inval.

= Polygala vulgaris var. major W.D.J.Koch; Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 5: 71 (1839)

= Polygala vulgaris var. major Wender.; 241 (1831), nom. inval.

= Polygala vulgaris var. muscicola Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 2(2): 23 (1829)

= Polygala vulgaris var. obliqua Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 2(2): 23 (1829)

= Polygala vulgaris var. obtusifolia DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3 6: 386 (1815)

= Polygala vulgaris var. pubescens Gill. & Magne; 269 (1863)

= Polygala vulgaris var. renati (Sennen) Sennen; Diagn. Nouv.: 54 (1936)

= Polygala vulgaris var. rosea A.F.Schwarz; 106 (1897)

= Polygala vulgaris var. vestita Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France Corse 1: 195 (1848)

subspecies :

subsp. calliptera (Le Grand) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç.: 41 (1928)

Name: Schönflügliges Kreuzblümchen (DE)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala calliptera (Le Grand) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 63 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris f. calliptera (Legrand) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 209 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris proles calliptera (Legrand) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 63 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. calliptera (Legrand) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 61 (1910), as ´caliptera´

= Polygala vulgaris subvar. calliptera (Legrand) Litard.; Briq., Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(2): 57 (1935)

= Polygala vulgaris var. calliptera Legrand; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 28: 54 (1881), as ´caliptera´

subspecies :

subsp. collina (Rchb.) Borbás; W. D. J. Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. ed. 3, 1: 249 (1892)

Name: Hügel-Kreuzblümchen (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, RP? Schleswig-Holstein); France; Channel Isl.

11 GER 12 CIS FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala blepharophylla Borbás; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 40: 177 (1890)

= Polygala ciliata Lebel ex Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France Corse 1: 195 (1847), nom. illeg., non L.

= Polygala collina var. littoralis (Lange ex Chodat) Borbás; Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 250 (1890)

= Polygala dunensis Dumort.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 7: 344 (1868)

= Polygala dunensis var. ciliata (Lebel ex Syme) Corb.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Rochelaise 12: 31 (1891)

= Polygala oxyptera f. ciliata (Lebel ex Syme) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 229 (1901)

= Polygala oxyptera var. ciliata (Lebel ex Syme) Gren.; Fl. Jurass. 1: 99 (1865)

= Polygala oxyptera var. collina Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 25 (1823)

= Polygala serpyllacea subsp. ciliata (Lebel ex Syme) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 83 (1878)

= Polygala subcollina Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 269 (2010)

= Polygala vulgaris f. ciliata (Syme) Hegi; 103 (1924)

= Polygala vulgaris f. ciliata Legrand; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 30: 68 (1883), nom. illeg.

= Polygala vulgaris f. collina (Rchb.) Vollm.; 500 (1914)

= Polygala vulgaris f. dunensis (Dumort.) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 229 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris f. littoralis (Lange ex Chodat) Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31: 450 (1893)

= Polygala vulgaris f. oxyptera (Rchb.) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 229 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris proles dunensis (Dumort.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 66 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. dunensis (Dumort.) Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 84 (1894)

= Polygala vulgaris subvar. ciliata (Lebel ex Syme) Chodat; Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 141 (1889)

= Polygala vulgaris subvar. collina (Rchb.) Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31: 451 (1893)

= Polygala vulgaris subvar. littoralis Lange ex Chodat; Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 140 (1889)

= Polygala vulgaris var. ciliata Lebel ex Syme; Sm., Engl. Bot., ed. 3B 2: 36 (1864)

= Polygala vulgaris var. collina (Rchb.) Opiz; Seznam: 76 (1852)

= Polygala vulgaris var. collina (Rchb.) Wender.; 242 (1846)

= Polygala vulgaris var. dunensis (Dumort.) Buchenau; Fl. Ostfries. Ins.: 49 (1881)

= Polygala vulgaris var. littoralis (Lange ex Chodat) P.Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 360 (1916)

subspecies :

subsp. insubrica (Chodat) Arrigoni; Inform. Bot. Ital. 46(2): 255 (2014)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala insubrica (Chodat) Gremli; Neue Beitr. Fl. Schweiz 5: 22 (1890)

= Polygala vulgaris var. confusa Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 124 (1925)

= Polygala vulgaris var. insubrica Chodat; Bull. Trav. Soc. Bot. Genève 5: 137 (1889)

subspecies :

subsp. oxyptera (Rchb.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg: 455 (1834)

Name: Spitzflügliges Kreuzblümchen (DE)

Distribution: Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, RP? Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Liechtenstein; Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Russia

11 AUT BGM GER HUN LIE LUX SLO 13 ALB BUL ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 RUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala angustifolia Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn ser. 2, 7: 122 (1865) (non Kunth 1823)

= Polygala caespitosa (Pers.) Krock.; 200 (1823)

= Polygala caespitosa T.Nees; Pl. Med. 2: t. 411 (1828)

= Polygala dubia Bellynck; 27 (1855)

= Polygala dubia Dumort.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 7: 344 (1868)

= Polygala multicaulis Tausch; Flora (1821), 563

= Polygala multiceps Borbás; Magyar Tud. Akad. Értes. 16(1): 9 (1882), nom. illeg.

= Polygala oxyptera Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 25 (1823)

= Polygala oxyptera subsp. tempskyana Degen & Dörfl.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math. Naturwiss Kl. 64: 712 (1897)

= Polygala oxyptera var. caespitosa Pers.; 271 (1806)

= Polygala oxyptera var. pratensis Rchb.; 25 (1823)

= Polygala oxyptera var. virescens (Freyn) K.Malý; 218 (1908)

= Polygala polymorpha var. oxyptera (Rchb.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.; Spenn., 866 (1829), nom. illeg.

= Polygala vulgaris f. condensata (Chodat) Braun-Blanq.; 916 (1934)

= Polygala vulgaris f. deseglisei (Le Grand) Hegi; 104 (1924)

= Polygala vulgaris f. elliptica (Chodat) Braun-Blanq.; 916 (1934)

= Polygala vulgaris f. multicaulis (Tausch) Paol.; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 229 (1901)

= Polygala vulgaris f. obtusata (Chodat) Braun-Blanq.; 916 (1934)

= Polygala vulgaris f. pratensis (Rchb.) Hegi; 103 (1924)

= Polygala vulgaris f. pseudoalpestris (Gren.) Braun-Blanq.; 916 (1934)

= Polygala vulgaris proles oxyptera (Rchb.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 3: 65 (1896)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. dubia (Bellynck) Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 84 (1894)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. illyrica Hayek; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 70: 50 (1921)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. multicaulis (Tausch) Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.: 61 (1910)

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. tempskyana (Degen & Dörfl.) Hayek; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 99: 136 (1924)

= Polygala vulgaris var. alba Wibel; 224 (1799), nom. inval.

= Polygala vulgaris var. angustifolia (Lange) Hegi; 103 (1924)

= Polygala vulgaris var. brevialata (Chodat) Braun-Blanq.; 915 (1934)

= Polygala vulgaris var. caespitosa Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris: 273 (1812)

= Polygala vulgaris var. caespitosa Pers.; Syn. Pl. 2: 271 (1806)

= Polygala vulgaris var. carnea Wibel; 224 (1799), nom. inval.

= Polygala vulgaris var. coerulea Wibel; 223 (1799), nom. inval.

= Polygala vulgaris var. dubia (Bellynck) Hegi; 103 (1924)

= Polygala vulgaris var. intermedia Wender.; 241 (1831)

= Polygala vulgaris var. multicaulis (Tausch) Opiz; Seznam: 76 (1852)

= Polygala vulgaris var. oxyptera (Rchb.) Dumort.; Fl. Belg.: 31 (1827)

= Polygala vulgaris var. oxyptera (Rchb.) Hampe; 45 (1836), isonym

= Polygala vulgaris var. oxyptera (Rchb.) Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 2: 193 (1832)

subspecies :

subsp. valdarnensis (Fiori) Arrigoni; Inform. Bot. Ital. 46(2): 255 (2014)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala alpestris var. valdarnensis Fiori; Sched. Fl. Ital. Exs., ser. 2, no. 1099 (1909)

species :

Polygala wattersii Hance; J. Bot. 19: 209 (1881)

Distribution: China

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Heterosamara wattersii (Hance) Paiva & P.Silveira; Nordic J. Bot. 25(5-6): 290 (2008)

species :

Polygala welwitschii Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 340 (1893)

subspecies :

subsp. welwitschii

Distribution: Angola

26 ANG

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala andongensis (Oliv.) Chiov.; Agric. Colon. 18: 379 (1924)

= Polygala arenaria var. andongensis Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 128 (1868)

= Polygala welwitschii var. linearifolia Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 341 (1893)

= Polygala welwitschii var. ovatifolia Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 341 (1893)

subspecies :

subsp. pygmaea (Gürke) Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 189 (1998)

Distribution: Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; W-Mozambique; Namibia; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga)

23 BUR CON GAB RWA ZAI 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 NAM SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala pygmaea Gürke; Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C 234 (1895)

= Polygala lepidota Welw. ex Exell; J. Bot. 64(Suppl.): 22 (1926)

species :

Polygala wenxianensis Y.S.Zhou & Z.X.Peng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 12(4): 363, f. 1 (1992)

Distribution: China (Gansu)

36 CHI

Remarks: status doubtful

species :

Polygala westii Exell; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 31: 13 (1957)

Distribution: S-Zimbabwe; Namibia

26 ZIM 27 NAM

species :

Polygala wightiana Wall. ex Wight & Arn.; Prodr. 38 (1834)

Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Flores); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)

40 IND 42 LSI NWG 50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala wightiana Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4190 (1831), nomen

= Polygala campestris Dalzell; Hook. Kew J. 2: 40 (1850), non Gardner, 1843.

= Polygala orientalis Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 31: n. 2 324 (1893)

= Polygala stenoclada var. queenslandica Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 859 (1927)

species :

Polygala williamsii Böcher, Hjerting & Rahn; Dansk Bot. Arkiv 22: 94 (1963)

Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza)

85 ARG

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala wilmsii Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 329 (1912)

Distribution: E-Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]

26 MOZ ZIM 27 SAF SWZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala wilmsii var. subcapitata Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2: 2): 329 (1893)

species :

Polygala wittebergensis Compton; Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 19: 298 (1931)

Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala wittei Exell; De Wild. & Staner, Contrib. Fl. Katanga, Suppl. 55: 46 (1932), nomen, et in J. Bot. 70: 181, descr. (1932)

Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]

23 ZAI

species :

Polygala woodii Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 237 (1896)

Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)

27 SAF

species :

Polygala wuzhishanensis S.K.Chen & J.Parn.; Fl. China (2008), nom. nov.

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala insularis Chun & F.C.How ex C.Y.Wu & S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2(1): 80-81, f. 2: 4-11 (1980)

species :

Polygala xanthina Chodat; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 325 (1912)

Distribution: N-Nigeria; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; Uganda; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique

22 NGA 23 RWA ZAI 25 UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM

species :

Polygala xanti A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 153 (1861)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)

79 MEX

Remarks: status uncertain, belongs likely as a synonym into Senega

species :

Polygala yemenica Chodat; Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 31: 327 (1893)

Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen)

35 YEM

species :

Polygala youngii Exell; J. Bot. 73: 227 (1935)

Distribution: Angola; W-Zambia

26 ANG ZAM

species :

Polygala zambesiaca Paiva; Fontqueria 50: 27,5 (1998)

Distribution: E-Zimbabwe; Mozambique

26 MOZ ZIM

species :

Polygala ×ilseana Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 386 (1916)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Polygala calcarea x P. comosa

species :

Polygala ×kotovii Val.N.Tikhom.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 89(4): 656 (2004)

Distribution: Belarus

14 BLR

Remarks: Polygala comosa x P. cretacea

species :

Polygala ×pawlowskii Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 7 (1963)

Distribution: Germany (Hessen); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Polygala multicaulis x P. vulgaris

Synonyms: hidden

= Polygala vulgaris subsp. pawlowskii (Rothm.) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 220 (2012)

species :

Polygala ×skrivanekii Podp.; Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Masaryk, Brno,No. 12, 28 (1922)

Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.

11 CZE SLO

Remarks: Polygala amarella x P. comosa

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

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How to Cite:

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (4)

Genus (28)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species, 8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms, in total 1,412,785* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]