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Ver. 24.9
September 19th, 2024

478.0000 Family Boraginaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 128 (1789), nom. cons., s. str.
118 genera, ca. 2000 spp.
Species listed in database: 2041; hybrids: 45
= Anchusaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 274, 302 (1818)
= Cerinthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 244 (1820)
= Cynoglossaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 406 (1843)
= Echiaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 61 (1837)
= Onosmaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 437 (1820)
478.3854 Genus Paracynoglossum Popov; Kom., Fl. URSS 19: 717 (1953)
Distribution: Africa to Asia. There will be more species to be transferred into this genus.
Species listed in database: 9
species :
Paracynoglossum afrocaeruleum R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(3): 481 (1984)
Distribution: Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; ?Sudan; ?South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
23 CMN ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum afrocaeruleum (R.R.Mill) Riedl; Linz. Biol. Beitr. 17(2): 320 (1985)
= Cynoglossum coeruleum Hochst. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 148 (1846)
= Cynoglossum coeruleum subsp. johnstonii (Baker) Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Afr., Boraginac.: 109 (1991)
= Cynoglossum coeruleum subsp. kenyense Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Afr., Boraginac.: 112 (1991)
= Cynoglossum coeruleum subsp. latifolium Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Afr., Boraginac.: 112 (1991)
= Cynoglossum coeruleum var. hedbergiorum (Riedl) S.Edwards; Fl. Ethiopia & Eritrea 5: 92 (2006), nom. inval.
= Cynoglossum coeruleum var. johnstonii (Baker) Baker & Wright; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2): 54 (1905)
= Cynoglossum coeruleum var. winkleri Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 146 (1921)
= Cynoglossum dubium Hochst. ex Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 146 (1921)
= Cynoglossum hedbergiorum Riedl; Linz. Biol. Beitr. 17(2): 319 (1985)
= Cynoglossum johnstonii Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 29 (1894)
species :
Paracynoglossum asperrimum (Nakai) Popov; Kom., Fl. URSS 19: 679, 717 (1953)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
31 RFE 38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum asperrimum Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 37: 6 (1923)
= Cynoglossum asperrimum var. tosaense (Nakai) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophyt. Japon. 1: 172 (1948)
= Cynoglossum asperrimum var. yesoense Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 7, 69 (1923)
= Cynoglossum tosaense Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 37: 5 (1923)
species :
Paracynoglossum bottae (Deflers) R.R.Mill & A.G.Mill.; Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 41: 477, ff. le, li, 2 (1984)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen)
35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum bottae Deflers; Voy. Yemen 173 (1889)
species :
Paracynoglossum formosanum (Nakai) comb.ined.
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan
38 JAP NNS TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum formosanum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 4. (1923)
= Cynoglossum lanceolatum var. formosanum (Nakai) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himal.: 266 (1966)
species :
Paracynoglossum geometricum (Baker & C.H.Wright) R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(3): 478 (1984)
Distribution: Togo; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Ethiopia; ?Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal)
22 TOG 23 CAF CMN ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum coeruleum subsp. geometricum (Baker & C.H.Wright) S.Edwards; Fl. Ethiopia & Eritrea 5: 93 (2006)
= Cynoglossum coeruleum var. mannii (Baker & Wright) Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Afr., Boraginac.: 110 (1991)
= Cynoglossum geometricum Baker & C.H.Wright; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4: II. 52 (1905)
= Cynoglossum lanceolatum subsp. geometricum (Baker & C.H.Wright) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 149 (1921)
= Cynoglossum lanceolatum var. mannii (Baker & C.H.Wright) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 140 (1921)
= Cynoglossum mannii Baker & C.H.Wright; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4: II. 52 (1905)
species :
Paracynoglossum glochidiatum (Wall. ex Benth.) Valdés; Willdenowia 41: 312 (2011)
Name: Widerhakige Hundszunge (DE); Prickly hound´s tongue (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkey (?NE-Anatolia); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Parwan, Takhar); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, C-Saudi Arabia); China (S-Gansu, Qinghai, N-Sichuan, SW-Sichuan, SW-Yunnan); S-Tibet; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Murree, Gilgit, Baltistan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Daman & Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Mizoram, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Natu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar; USA [I] (Massachusetts [I])
11 ger 32 KGZ TZK 34 AFG TUR 35 SAU 36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum canescens Wall.; Numer. List no. 918 (1829)
= Cynoglossum denticulatum A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 150 (1846)
= Cynoglossum denticulatum var. ramosius A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 150 (1846)
= Cynoglossum glochidiatum var. alpinum (C.B.Clarke) Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 133 (1921)
= Cynoglossum glochidiatum Wall.; Numer. List no. 922 (1829) ex Benth. in Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 306 (1839)
= Cynoglossum membranaceum A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 150 (1846)
= Cynoglossum microcarpum A.Kern.; Ber. Naturwiss.-Med. Vereins Innsbruck 1: 109 (1870)
= Cynoglossum wallichii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 354 (1837)
= Cynoglossum wallichii var. alpinum C.B.Clarke; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 157 (1883)
= Cynoglossum wallichii var. glochidiatum (Wall. ex Benth.) Kazmi; J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 347 (1971)
= Paracynoglossum denticulatum (A.DC.) Popov; Kom., Fl. URSS 19: 674 (1953)
species :
Paracynoglossum lanceolatum (Forssk.) R.R.Mill; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(3): 474 (1984)
Distribution: Liberia; Ivory Coast; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Mauritius; La Réunion; Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen); China (Fujian, S-Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral, Pakistani Punjab, Swat, Gilgit, Baltistan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); ?Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago, Chin, Shan); N-Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon); Java
22 BEN IVO LBR NGA TOG 23 BIO CAF CMN CON 24 ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ 29 MAU MDG REU 34 AFG 35 SAU YEM 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY PHI SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum abyssinicum Hochst. ex Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 353 (1892), nom. nud.
= Cynoglossum borbonicum var. adscendens A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 152 (1846)
= Cynoglossum canescens Willd.; Enum. Hort. Berol. 180 (1809)
= Cynoglossum formosanum f. albiflorum Masam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 2: 152 (1930)
= Cynoglossum furcatum var. lanceolata C.B.Clarke; Hook.f., Fl. ßrit. India 4: 156 (1883)
= Cynoglossum hirsutum Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap.: 34 (1794)
= Cynoglossum hispidum Jacq. ex Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2: 87 (1815), nom. illeg.
= Cynoglossum hispidum Jacq. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schult.] 4: 79, 761 (1819)
= Cynoglossum lanceolatum f. albiflorum (Masam.) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80: 329 (2005)
= Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 41 (1775)
= Cynoglossum lanceolatum var. comoranum Brand; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.252, Heft 78 (Borag.-Cynogloss.): 140 (1921)
= Cynoglossum lanceolatum var. hirsutum (Thunb.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 155 (1846)
= Cynoglossum micranthum Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 2: 431 (1812), nom. superfl.
= Cynoglossum micranthum var. decurrens Trimen; Handb. Fl. Ceylon 3: 203 (1895)
= Cynoglossum platyphyllum Klotzsch; Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 6(Bot., 1): 254 (1861)
= Cynoglossum racemosum Roxb.; Hort. Beng. 13 (1814), Fl. Ind. 1: 456 (1832)
= Cynoglossum rochelia A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 152 (1846)
= Cynoglossum vesiculosum Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 354 (1837)
= Echinospermum paniculatum E.Mey. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 149 (1846), nom. superfl.
= Myosotis lappula Bouton ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 152 (1846)
= Rochelia asperata Bojer ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 10: 152 (1846), nom. inval.
= Rochelia borboniae Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 4: 108 (1819)
species :
Paracynoglossum sabirense R.R.Mill & A.G.Mill.; Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 41: 48 1, ff. lf, 11, 2, 3Aa-b (1984)
Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen)
35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum sabirense (R.R.Mill & A.G.Mill.) J.R.I.Wood; Handbook Yemen Fl.: 241 (1997)
species :
Paracynoglossum yemenense R.R.Mill & A.G.Mill.; Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 41: 478, ff. la, lg, 2, 3c (1984)
Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen, N-Inner Yemen)
35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Cynoglossum yemenense (R.R.Mill & A.G.Mill.) J.R.I.Wood; Handbook Yemen Fl.: 241 (1997)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.9 (September 19th, 2024)

Covering 355,304 accepted species,
8,703 hybrids, 47,765 accepted infraspecific taxa and 999,696 synonyms,
in total 1,411,468* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life