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Ver. 24.11
November 5th, 2024

476.0000 Family Convolvulaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 132 (1789), nom. cons.
58 genera, ca. 1900 spp.
Species listed in database: 1939; hybrids: 15
= Cressaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. Bruxelles 8: 270 (1821)
= Cuscutaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl.: 20, 25 (1829), nom. cons.
= Dichondraceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl.: 20, 24 (1829), nom. cons.
= Erycibaceae Endl. ex Meisner; Pl. Vasc. Gen.: Tab. Diagn. 272, Comm. 185 (1840)
= Evolvulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 2: 130, 132 (1825)
= Humbertiaceae Pichon; Notul. Syst (Paris) 13: 23 (1947), nom. cons.
= Poranaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 364 (1858)
476.3004 Genus Operculina Silva Manso; Enum. Subst. Bras. 16 (1836)
Distribution: pantropics (mostly neotropical). Revision: Staples et al. (2020)
Species listed in database: 14
= Nemanthera Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 80 (1836)
= Piptostegia Rchb.; Nom. 113 (1841)
= Turpethum Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 71 (1838)
species :
Operculina aequisepala (Domin) R.W.Johnson; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 2(4): 355 (1980)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales [I])
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Ipomoea aequisepala Domin; Biblioth Bot. 89: 535 (1928)
species :
Operculina codonantha (Benth.) Hallier f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 550 (1893)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, Thursday Isl.); New Caledonia; Tonga; Fiji; Marquesas Isl. (Eiao, Nuku Hiva, Hiva Oa, Tahuata); Panama; Venezuela (Amazonas, Yaracuy); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia
50 AUS 60 FIJ NWC TON 61 MRQ 80 PAN 82 VEN 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Convolvulus alatus (R.Br.) Spreng.; Syst. 1: 596 (1824)
= Ipomoea alata R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 484 (1810)
= Ipomoea codonantha Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 120 (1843)
= Operculina brownii Ooststr.; Blumea 3: 366 (1939), nom. nov. for Ipomoea alata R. Br.
species :
Operculina hamiltonii (G.Don) D.F.Austin & Staples; J. Arnold Arbor. 64(3): 487 (1983)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Dominica; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Chocó, Córdoba, Magdalena); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Barinas, Bolívar, Guarico, Monagas, Portuguesa, Sucre, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amapa, Acre, Tocantins); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Bahia); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Ceara, Pernambuco); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); Paraguay (Concepcion)
80 COS PAN 81 CUB DOM GRE HIS STL STV TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Convolvulus alatus Ham.; Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid.: 24 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Convolvulus ampliatus Choisy; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 361 (1845), pro syn.
= Ipomoea altissima Mart. ex Choisy; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 359 (1845) non (Spreng.) Bertero ex G. Don 1837
= Ipomoea alulata Miq.; Linnaea 18: 599 (1844)
= Ipomoea ampliata Choisy; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 361 (1845)
= Ipomoea hamiltonii G.Don; Gen. Syst. 4: 268 (1838)
= Ipomoea pterodes Choisy; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 361 (1845)
= Operculina alata (Ham.) Urb.; Symb. Antill. (Urb.). 3(2): 343 (1902)
= Operculina alata var. pubescens (Pilg.) O´Donell; Lilloa 30: 61 (1960)
= Operculina altissima (Mart. ex Choisy) Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 7: 213 (1869)
= Operculina ampliata (Choisy) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 503 (1906)
= Operculina pterodes (Choisy) Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 7: 213 (1869)
= Operculina pterodes f. pubescens Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 186 (1901)
variant :
var. mucronata D.F.Austin & Staples; J. Arnold Arbor. 64(3): 488 (1983)
Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso)
84 BRA
species :
Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb.; Symb. Antill. 3: 343 (1902)
Distribution: Ghana [I]; Togo [I]; Benin [I]; Cuba [I]; Guadeloupe; Martinique; N-Brazil (Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Piauí, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Brazília Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); Paraguay
22 ben gha tog 81 cub GDL MAR 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Batatas operculata (Gomes) Peterm.; Pflanzenreich: 497 (1838-1845)
= Convolvulus frutescens Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. no. 13 (1768)
= Convolvulus macrocarpus L.; Syst. ed. X. 923 (1759)
= Convolvulus operculatus Gomes; Mem. Ac. Lisboa 3: Mem. Corresp. 27 (1812)
= Ipomoea operculata (Gomes) Mart.; Reise Bras. 1: 547 (1823)
= Merremia alata Rendle; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2): 102 (1905)
= Merremia macrocarpa (L.) Roberty; Candollea 14: 37 (1952)
= Operculina convolvulus Silva Manso; Enum. Subst. Brazil, 12, 49 (1836), nom. nov. superfl.
= Piptostegia gomesii Mart.; Syst. Mat. Med. Bras.: 78 (1843)
= Piptostegia operculata (Gomes) Rchb.; Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch: 113 (1841)
species :
Operculina maypurensis (Hallier f.) A.R.Simões & Staples; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 183(4): 580 (2017)
Distribution: Colombia (Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ipomoea maypurensis Spruce ex Hallier f.; Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. 16: 36 (1899)
= Merremia maypurensis Hallier f. [Jahrb.Hamburg.Wiss.Anst.16(Beih.3): 36 (1898 publ.1899)]
species :
Operculina petaloidea (Choisy) Ooststr.; Blumea 3: 369 (1939) et adnot.
Distribution: India (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh); Andaman Isl. (Middle Andamans, South Andamans); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago, Mandalay); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor)
40 BAN IND 41 AND CBD MYA THA VIE 42 LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Convolvulus crispatulus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1403 (1829)
= Ipomoea petaloidea Choisy; Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 6: 451 (1833)
= Ipomoea xanthantha Kurz; For. Fl. Brit. Burma. 2: 219 (1877)
= Merremia crispatula Prain; Bengal Pl. 730 (1903)
= Merremia petaloidea (Choisy) Burkill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 318 (1935), Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Mal. Penins. 2: 1456 (1935)
variant :
var. pauciflora (C.B.Clarke) Parmar; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 18(2): 251 (1994)
Distribution: India (Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ipomoea petaloidea var. pauciflora C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 212 (1883)
species :
Operculina pinnatifida (Kunth) O´Donell; Lilloa 23: 432 (1950)
Name: Tansyleaf lidpod
Distribution: USA (S-Texas); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Cuba [I]
77 USA 79 MEX 80 GUA 81 cub
Synonyms: hidden
= Convolvulus pinnatifidus Kunth; Nov. Gen. & Sp. [H. B. K.] 3: 168 (1818)
= Convolvulus triflorus Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic.: 37 (1893), nom. illeg.
= Ipomoea megacarpa Brandegee; Zoe 5: 218 (1905)
= Ipomoea ornithopoda B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 27: 183 (1893)
= Ipomoea pinnatifida (Kunth) G.Don; Gen. Syst. 4: 280 (1837)
= Merremia pinnatifida (Kunth) Hallier f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 552 (1893)
= Operculina angustiloba House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 501 (1906)
= Operculina ornithopoda (B.L.Rob.) House; Coult. Bot. Gaz. 43: 414 (1907)
= Operculina ornithopoda var. megacarpa (Brandegee) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 51: 530 (1916)
= Operculina pectinata House; Muhlenbergia 5: 69 (1909)
= Operculina roseana House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 500 (1906)
species :
Operculina platyphylla (Fernald) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 502 (1906)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Ipomoea palmeri var. platyphylla Fernald; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 90 (1897)
= Merremia platyphylla (Fernald) O´Donell; Lilloa 6: 513 (1941)
species :
Operculina polynesica Staples; Pacific Sci. 61(4): 588 (2007)
Distribution: Tuamotu Arch. (Anaa, Makatea, Mataiva, Niau, Nukutavake, Rangiroa, Tikehau, Toau); Austral Isl. (Rimatara); Henderson Isl.
61 AUI HEN TUA
species :
Operculina pteripes (G.Don) O´Donell; Lilloa 23: 435 (1950)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Guerrero, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas); Guatemala; El Salvador; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Trinidad; Colombia (Magdalena); Venezuela (Aragua, Carabobo, Cojedes, Guarico, Lara, Miranda, Portuguesa, Yaracuy, Zulia); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 TRT 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Calonyction pteripes G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 264 (1837)
= Calonyction pterodes Choisy; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 346 (1845), orth. var.
= Convolvulus phoeniceus Pav. ex Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 7: 214 (1869), pro syn.
= Ipomoea alata Rose; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 108 (1891)
= Ipomoea alatipes Hook.; Bot. Mag. t. 5330 (1862)
= Ipomoea pterodes Seem.; Bot. Voy. Herald, 171 (1854) non Choisy 1845
= Ipomoea rhodocalyx A.Gray ex S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 439 (1887)
= Operculina alatipes (Hook.) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 499 (1906)
= Operculina lancifolia House; Muhlenbergia 5: 68 (1909)
= Operculina pteropus Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 7: 214 (1869)
= Operculina rhodocalyx (A.Gray ex S.Watson) House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 498 (1906)
= Operculina rubicunda House; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 498 (1906)
species :
Operculina riedeliana (Oliv.) Ooststr.; Blumea 3: 366 (1939)
Distribution: Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan, Johor, Kelantan, Pahang, Langkawi Isl.); Brunei; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Cebu); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Flores, Timor, Wetar); Moluccas (Buru, Kei Isl.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.; Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
41 AND NCB THA 42 BRN JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL 43 SOL 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Convolvulus bufalinus Lour.; Fl. Cochinch.: 109 (1790), nom. rej.
= Convolvulus platypeltis Zipp. ex Span.; Linnaea 15: 338 (1841)
= Ipomoea bufalina (Lour.) Choisy; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 452 (1833 publ. 1834)
= Ipomoea petaloidea var. andamanica Prain; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 63(2): 110 (1894)
= Ipomoea riedeliana Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 15: t. 1424 (1883)
= Merremia bufalina (Lour.) Merr. & Rolfe; Philipp. J. Sci., C 3: 122 (1908)
= Merremia crispatula var. andamanica (Prain) Prain; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74(2): 307 (1896)
= Merremia platypeltis Prain; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 74(2): 307 (1906)
= Merremia riedeliana (Oliv.) Hallier f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 552 (1893)
= Nemanthera bufalina (Lour.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 80 (1836)
= Operculina bufalina (Lour.) Hallier f.; Meded. Herb. Leid., 26 (1910 publ. 1911)
species :
Operculina sericantha (Miq.) Ooststr.; Pulle, Fl. Surinam 4: (Meded. K. Ver. Kol. Inst. Amst. 30) 87 (1932)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar, Delta Amacuro); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Amazonas, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Alagoas); WC-Brazil (Goiás)
82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ipomoea sericantha Miq.; Stirp. Surin. Sel. 131 (1850)
= Ipomoea surinamensis Miq.; Linnaea 18: 600 (1844)
= Operculina surinamensis (Miq.) Meisn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 7: 214 (1869)
species :
Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso; Enum. Subst. Bras. 16 (1836)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Zanzibar; Mozambique; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius; La Réunion; Rodrigues; China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, S-Yunnan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (almost throughout); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (Narcondum Isl., South Andamans); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Johor, Langkawi Isl.); Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland); New Caledonia; Tonga (Tongatapu, Vava´u); Vanuatu; Niue; Fiji [I]; American Samoa (Ofu, Tutuila, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Isl., Savai´i, ´Upolu); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Aitutaki, Atiu, Mitiaro); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Moorea, Tahaa, Bora Bora); Henderson Isl.; Palau (Ngarakabesang, Malakal, Ulebsechel, Peleliu, Angaur); Northern Marianas (Tinian); Fed. States of Micronesia (Fais, Woleai, Ifalik, Truk, Namoluk, Pohnpei, Kosrae); Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I], St. John [I], St. Thomas [I])
25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ 29 COM MAU REU ROD 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND LDV MDV NEP SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA fij NUE NWC SAM TON VAN 61 COO HEN SCI 62 MIC MRN PLU 81 pue vir
Synonyms: hidden
= Argyreia alata Montrouz.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. 10: 236 (1860)
= Argyreia alulata Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 587 (1857)
= Convolvulus anceps L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 43 (1767)
= Convolvulus gaudichaudii Choisy; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: [Conv. Or.] 68 (1834)
= Convolvulus maximus Blanco; Fl. Filip.: 91 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Convolvulus riedlei Choisy; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: [Conv. Or.] 68 (1834)
= Convolvulus triqueter Vahl; Symb. Bot. 3: 30 (1794)
= Convolvulus turpethum L.; Sp. Pl. 1: 155 (1753)
= Convolvulus ventricosus Silva Manso; Enum. Subst. Braz.: 20 (1836), nom. illeg.
= Ipomoea anceps (L.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. 4: 231 (1819)
= Ipomoea diplocalyx Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 71 (1894)
= Ipomoea silvana Choisy; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 374 (1845)
= Ipomoea triquetra (Vahl) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schult.] 4: 231 (1819)
= Ipomoea turpethum (L.) R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 226 (1810)
= Ipomoea turpethum var. anceps (L.) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 607 (1857)
= Ipomoea turpethum var. humilior Haines; Bot. Bihar Orissa 4: 600 (1922)
= Ipomoea ventricosa Stellfeld; Tribuna Farm. 13: 86 (1945), nom. superfl.
= Merremia triquetra (Vahl) Roberty; Candollea 14: 36 (1952)
= Merremia turpethum (L.) G.L.Shah & R.G.Bhat; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 74(3): 567 (1978), isonym
= Merremia turpethum (L.) Rendle; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2): 102 (1905)
= Operculina triquetra (Vahl) Hallier f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 120 (1894)
= Operculina triquetra (Vahl) J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13: 5: 480 (1959), isonym
= Operculina turpethum (L.) Peter; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3a: 32 (1891), isonym
= Operculina turpethum var. heterophylla Hallier f.; Verslag Staat ´s Lands Plantentuin Buitenzorg 1895: 127 (1896)
= Operculina turpethum var. humilior (Haines) K.K.Khanna; Fl. Bihar, Analysis 340 (2001)
= Spiranthera turpethum (L.) Bojer; Hortus Maurit. 226 (1837)
= Tirtalia anceps (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 71 (1836)
= Tirtalia triqueter (Vahl) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 71 (1836)
= Turpethum australe Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 71 (1838)
= Turpethum indicum Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 71 (1838)
species :
Operculina ventricosa (Bertero) Peter; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3a: 32 (1891)
Name: Hoofdpijnblad, Liane blanche, Liane bord de mer, Liane d´argent, Liane serpent (Lesser Antilles)
Distribution: India [I] (Maharashtra [I]); New Caledonia; Vanuatu [I]; American Samoa (Tutuila, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (´Upolu, Savai´i); Tonga (´Eua); Cook Isl. (Mangaia, Atiu); Northern Marianas (Maug, Asuncion, Agrihan, Pagan, Alamagan, Sarigan, Anatahan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Fais); Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I], St. Thomas [I]); St. Martin/St. Maarten [I]; St. Barthélémy [I]; Saba [I]; St. Eustatius [I]; Antigua [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; Trinidad [I]; Surinam [I]
40 ind 60 ASA NWC SAM TON van 61 COO 62 GUM MIC MRN 81 aba gdl his mar pue sab sba ste stm trt vir 82 sur
Synonyms: hidden
= Convolvulus ventricosus Bertero; L. Colla, Hortus Ripul.: 37 (1824)
= Ipomoea demerariana Choisy; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 9: 361 (1845)
= Ipomoea saundersiana Baker; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 4(2): 60 (1904)
= Ipomoea ventricosa (Bertero) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 274 (1837)
= Operculina grandiflora House; Muhlenbergia 5: 69 (1909)
= Operculina tansaensis Santapau & Patel; Trans. Bose Res. Inst. Calc. 22: (Convolv. Bomb. Addit. & Corr.) 33 (1958)
= Operculina turpethum var. ventricosa (Bertero) Staples & D.F.Austin; Brittonia 33(4): 595 (1981)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life