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036.0000 Family Nephrolepidaceae Pic.Serm.; Webbia 29: 8 (1975)
1 genus, ca. 30 spp. Frequently included in Lomariopsidaceae.
Species listed in database: 30; hybrids: 5
= Nephrolepideae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 1(1): 628 (1872 publ. 1873)
= Nephrodiinae Payer; Bot. Cryptog. 198 (1850)
036.0001 Genus Nephrolepis Schott; Gen. Fil. [Schott] t. 3 (1834)
Distribution: Tropical / subtropical, mostly SE-Asia, trop. America (6). The species circumscription of some of the widespread and variable species in this genus is fluctuating.
Species listed in database: 30; hybrids: 5
= Cardiostegia T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 90 (1857)
= Lepidoneuron Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 301 (1852) (Lepidonevron)
= Leptopleuria C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 136 (1836)
= Lindsayoides Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.] 202 (1943)
species :
Nephrolepis abrupta (Bory) Mett.; Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. 99 (1856)
Distribution: Madagascar; Comores; Mauritius; La Réunion; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Perak, Selangor); Borneo (Kalimantan)
29 COM MAU MDG REU 42 BOR MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Dicksonia abrupta Bory; Voy. Îles Afrique 2: 187, t. 30 (1804)
= Leptopleuria abrupta (Bory) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 137, t. 5, f. 9-11 (1836)
species :
Nephrolepis acutifolia (Desv.) Christ; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 11: 243 (1895)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Kenya; Mozambique; Madagascar; La Réunion; Rodrigues; Seychelles; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Selangor, Pahang, Johor); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah); Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Lombok, Flores, Sumba, Alor); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (N-Northern Territory, E-Queensland); Tuvalu (Funafuti, Nanumea, Nanumanga, Niutao, Nui Atoll, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae, Niulakita); Marquesas Isl. (Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Fatu Hiva, Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka); Palau (Babeldaob); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Pohnpei, Kosrae); Marshall Isl.. (Ailinglapalap, Majuro, Arno, Jaluit, Ebon)
23 CMN CON GAB ZAI 25 KEN 26 MOZ 29 MDG REU ROD SEY 41 MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM 50 AUS 60 TUV 61 MRQ 62 GUM MIC PLU
Remarks: contains records of N. exaltata for Malesia
Conservation Status: endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Diellia brownii E.D.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 89 [Fl. S.E. Polynesia II]: 46, t. 7 (1931)
= Isoloma lanuginosum J.Sm.; Gen. Fil. [Hooker] pl. 102 (1842)
= Lindsaea acutifolia Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 312 (1827)
= Lindsaea lanuginosa (J.Sm.) Wall. ex Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 1: 210, pl. 69 B (1846)
= Nephrolepis lindsayae Christ; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 837 (1898)
= Nephrolepis niphoboloides Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 2, 11: 18 (1913)
species :
Nephrolepis arida D.L.Jones; Austrobaileya 2(5): 474 (1988)
Distribution: Australia (N-Western Australia, N-Northern Territory, C-Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott; Gen. Fil. [Schott] t. 3 (1834)
Name: Giant Sword Fern, Broad sword fern, Coarse Sword fern
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni); Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Pemba Isl.; Tanzania; Zanzibar; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; E-Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte); Mauritius (incl. Cargados Carajos Isl.); La Réunion; Rodrigues; Iles Glorieuses [I]; Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Asuncio Isl.); Agalega Isl.; Seychelles (Remire Isl., Desroches Isl., Coetivy Isl.); China (Guangdong, Hainan, Hongkong, Macao, Yunnan); Japan; Ryukyu Isl.; Volcano Isl. (Minami-Iwojima); Taiwan; Pakistan [I]; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; ?Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand (widespread); Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (widespread); Singapore; Sumatra; South China Sea Isl.; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok, Bali, Alor, Timor); Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl., New Ireland, New Hanover); Solomon Isl. (Bellona, Choiseul, Gizo, Guadalcanal, Malaita, Kolombangara, Makira, Nggatokae, Rendova, Rennell, Vangunu, Vella Lavella); Australia (N-Northern Territory, N-Queensland, N-Western Australia); New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Late Isl., Tongatapu, ´Eua, Tafahi); Niue; Fiji (Viti Levu, Ovalau, Taveuni); American Samoa (Tutuila, Ofu, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Isl., Savai´i, ´Upolu); Banaba [Ocean] Isl.; Cook Isl. (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Aitutaki, Manuae, Atiu, ?Mauke, Mitiaro, Takutea, Nassau); Marquesas Isl. (Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Tahuata, Mohotani); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Mehetia, Huahine, Tupai, Maupiti, etc.); Gambier Isl. (Mangareva); Tuamotu Arch. (Rangiroa, Makatea, etc.); Austral Isl. (Rurutu, Maria Rocks, Rimatara, Raivavae); Pitcairn Isl.; Henderson Isl.; Northern Marianas (Rota Isl., Saipan, Pagan); Guam; Palau; Fed. States of Micronesia (Pohnpei, Yap); Marshall Isl.. (Jaluit, Majuro); USA (Florida, Louisiana); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Isla del Coco; Panama; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl. (Grand Cayman); Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. Thomas); St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Barbados; Trinidad; Curacao; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Caquetá, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Meta, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Santander, Valle, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amazonas, Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia, Roraima, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sergipe, São Paulo)
22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 ANN BIO CAF CMN CON EQG GAB PRI SAO ZAI 24 SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF 29 AGA ALD COM igl MAU MDG REU ROD SEY 36 CHI 38 JAP KZN NNS TAI 40 BAN IND pak SRL 41 CBD MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY NWG PHI PLW SCS SNG SUL SUM XMS 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ NUE NWC OCE ROT SAM TON VAN 61 AUI COO GBI HEN MRQ PIT SCI TUA 62 GUM MIC MRN PLU 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COC COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA BBD CAY CUB CUR DOM GDL HIS JAM MAR PUE STE STK STL TCI TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR SWC VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium acuminatum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 221 (1810)
= Aspidium acutum Schkuhr; 24. Kl. Linn. Pfl.-Syst. 1: 32 (1806)
= Aspidium articulatum Sieber; Exsicc. (Fl. Mixta) (1827), nom. illeg.
= Aspidium bidentatum (C.Presl) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(1): 99 (1827)
= Aspidium biserratum Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 32 (1801)
= Aspidium biserratum var. paraense (Willd.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 262 (1931)
= Aspidium ensifolium Schkuhr; 24. Kl. Linn. Pfl.-Syst. 1: 32 (1806)
= Aspidium exaltatum var. longipinna Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 7: ? (1878)
= Aspidium gibbosum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 222 (1810)
= Aspidium guineense Schumach.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] (Vid. Selsk. Afh. 4): 229 (seors. 455) (1827)
= Aspidium hoffmannseggii Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] Suppl. 4: 509 (1816)
= Aspidium mauritianum Desv.; Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 320 (1811)
= Aspidium nigropunctatum Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 7 (1822)
= Aspidium paludosum Raddi; Pl. Bras. Nov. Gen. 1: 29, t. 44 (1825)
= Aspidium paraense Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 228 (1810)
= Aspidium punctulatum (Poir.) Sw.; Syn. Fil. (Kiliae) [O.Swartz] 46 (1806)
= Aspidium rufescens (Schrad.) Kunze; Flora 1889(1. Beibl.): 34 (1889)
= Aspidium splendens Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 220 (1810)
= Hypopeltis amygdalina Bory; Voy. Indes Or. [Bélanger] 2: 64 (1833)
= Hypopeltis biserrata (Sw.) Bory; Voy. Indes Or. [Bélanger] 2: 65 (1833)
= Hypopeltis palmoides Bory; Voy. Indes Or. [Bélanger] 2: 65 (1833)
= Lastrea bidentata (C.Presl) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 86 (1858)
= Lepidoneuron acuminatum (Willd.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 301 (1852)
= Lepidoneuron biauritum (C.Presl) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 301 (1852)
= Lepidoneuron bidentatum (C.Presl) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 301 (1852)
= Lepidoneuron biserratum (Sw.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 301 (1852)
= Lepidoneuron punctulatum (Poir.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 301, t. 23C, f. 1 (1852)
= Lepidoneuron rufescens (Schrad.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 301 (1852)
= Nephrodium acuminatum (Willd.) C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 31 (1825)
= Nephrodium acutum (Schkuhr) C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 31 (1825)
= Nephrodium bidentatum C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 32 (1825)
= Nephrodium biserratum (Sw.) C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 31 (1825)
= Nephrodium biserratum (Sw.) Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 253 (1827), isonym
= Nephrodium gibbosum (Willd.) Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet], Bot. 338 (1827)
= Nephrodium guianense Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 253 (1827)
= Nephrodium hoffmanseggii (Poir.) Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 252 (1827)
= Nephrodium mauritianum (Desv.) Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 252 (1827)
= Nephrodium palmoides (Bory) Rich.; Voy. Astrolabe 39 (1834)
= Nephrodium punctulatum (Poir.) Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 253 (1827)
= Nephrodium rufescens Schrad.; Gött. Gel. Anz. 869 (1824) non R. Br.
= Nephrodium splendens (Willd.) Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 253 (1827)
= Nephrodium timoriense Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(3): 253 (1827)
= Nephrolepis acuminata (Willd.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Nephrolepis acuta (Schkuhr) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Nephrolepis acuta var. laurifolia Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23(3): 355 (1896)
= Nephrolepis arthropteroides G.Kunkel; Nova Hedwigia 6: 205, t. 47 (1963)
= Nephrolepis biaurita C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 6 [Epim. Bot.]: 43 (1851)
= Nephrolepis bidentata (C.Presl) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Nephrolepis biserrata subsp. punctulata (Poir.) Bonap.; Notes Ptéridol. 1: 165 (1915)
= Nephrolepis biserrata var. auriculata Ching; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 2: 378 (1959)
= Nephrolepis biserrata var. digitiformis G.Kunkel; Nova Hedwigia 6,1/2: 206 (1963)
= Nephrolepis biserrata var. glabrata Domin; Rozpr. Kral. Ceske Spolecn. Nauk, Tr. Mat.-Prir., n. s. 2: 237 (1929)
= Nephrolepis biserrata var. glandulosa Kuhn; Filic. Afr. [Kuhn] 27 (1868)
= Nephrolepis biserrata var. mauritiana (Desv.) Kuhn; Filic. Afr. [Kuhn] 155 (1868)
= Nephrolepis biserrata var. rufescens (Schrad.) Luetzelb.; Estud. Bot. Nordéste 3: 246 (1926)
= Nephrolepis biserrata var. subferruginea Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 153 (1862)
= Nephrolepis biserrata var. subintegrifolia Domin; Rozpr. Kral. Ceske Spolecn. Nauk, Tr. Mat.-Prir., n. s. 2: 237 (1929)
= Nephrolepis caudata Christ; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 3(1): 27 (1909)
= Nephrolepis dayakorum Bonap.; Notes Ptéridol. 7: 399 (1918)
= Nephrolepis depauperata de Vriese; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 9 (1846)
= Nephrolepis ensifolia (Schkuhr) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Nephrolepis exaltata var. biserrata (Sw.) Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 1(2): 493 (1870)
= Nephrolepis gibbosa (Willd.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Nephrolepis hirsutula var. acuta (Schkuhr) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 816 (1891)
= Nephrolepis hirsutula var. biserrata (Sw.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 816 (1891)
= Nephrolepis hirsutula var. ensifolia (Schkuhr) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 816 (1891)
= Nephrolepis hirsutula var. rufescens (Wawra) Bonap.; Notes Ptéridol. 10: 267 (1920)
= Nephrolepis laurifolia (Christ) Proctor; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 53: 262 (1989)
= Nephrolepis macrophylla C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 6 [Epim. Bot.]: 43 (1851)
= Nephrolepis mauritiana (Desv.) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 96 (1858)
= Nephrolepis mollis Rosenst.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 13 (1925)
= Nephrolepis paludosa (Raddi) Sehnem; Fl. Ilustr. Catarin. 1: 16 (1979)
= Nephrolepis paraensis (Willd.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Nephrolepis persicifolia Christ; Nova Guinea 8: 169 (1909)
= Nephrolepis pilosula Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 2, 11: 18 (1913)
= Nephrolepis platyotis Kunze; Linnaea 23: 268, 312 (1850)
= Nephrolepis punctulata (Poir.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Nephrolepis punctulata var. hirsuta Mett.; (1868)
= Nephrolepis punctulata var. rufescens (Schrad.) Kunze; Linnaea 21: 230 (1848)
= Nephrolepis rufescens (Schrad.) Wawra; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Maximilian [Wawra] 200, t. 101 (1866)
= Nephrolepis splendens (Willd.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Nephrolepis subcordata C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Nephrolepis zollingeriana de Vriese; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 10 (1846)
= Polypodium flagelliferum Roxb.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 487 (1844)
= Polypodium glabrum Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] 235 (1768)
= Polypodium integerrimum Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 11: t. 60 (1831)
= Polypodium nephrolepioides (Spreng.) Christ; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 1: 220 (1909)
= Polypodium palmoides Bory; Voy. Indes Or. [Bélanger] 2(1): 30 (1833), nom. nud.
= Polypodium punctulatum Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 5: 533 (1804)
= Polypodium punctulatum var. hirsutum Mett.; Fil. Afr. [Kuhn]: 156 (1868)
= Polypodium serratum Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 827 (1837), nom. illeg., non Aubl. 1775 nec Willd. 1810
= Polypodium signatum (Blanco) Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco], ed. 2: 572 (1845)
= Polystichum acutum (Schkuhr) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 83 (1836)
= Pteris piloselloides Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 830 (1837) non L.
= Pteris signata Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 830 (1837) ex Merr., Sp. Blancoan. 43 (1918)
= Tectaria fraxinea Cav.; Descr. Pl. [Cavanilles] 250 (1802)
species :
Nephrolepis brownii (Desv.) Hovenkamp & Miyam.; Blumea 50: 293 (2005)
Name: Asian Sword Fern
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan); Japan; Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; India (Assam, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Langkawi Isl., Selangor, Pahang); Singapore; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok, Bali); Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl. (Guadalcanal, New Georgia, Rendova, Rennell, Vangunu, Vella Lavella); Australia (Queensland); New Zealand; Kermadec Isl.; New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Tonga (Late Isl., Tongatapu, ´Eua, Lifuka, Vava´u, Tafahi); Fiji; Tokelau (Nukunonu, Fakaofo); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga); Society Isl.; Society Isl. (Mopelia Atoll, Tahiti, Bora Bora, Raiatea, Tetiaroa Atoll); Tuamotu Arch. (Takapoto Atoll, Makatea); Austral Isl. (Rapa Iti, Raivavae, Rurutu, Tubuai, Marotiri Rocks); Pitcairn Isl.; Henderson Isl.; Northern Marianas (Pagan, Guguan, Anatahan); Fed. States of Micronesia (Mokil); Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Kaho´olawe [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico [I] (Chiapas [I], Tabasco [I], Oaxaca [I], Yucatan [I], Veracruz [I]); Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I] (Grand Cayman [I]); Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I] (Haiti [I], Dominican Republic [I]); Puerto Rico [I] (incl. Mona Isl. [I], Vieques Isl. [I], Culebra Isl. [I]); Navassa Isl. [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I], St. Thomas [I], St. John [I], Tortola [I], Guana [I], Virgin Gorda [I], Anegada [I]); Montserrat [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Marie-Galante [I]; Dominica [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Grenada [I]; Barbados [I]; Trinidad [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Peru [I]; Brazil [I] (Acre [I], Amazonas [I], Amapá [I], Bahia [I], Espírito Santo [I], Maranhão [I], Pará [I], Paraná [I], Rio de Janeiro [I], São Paulo [I])
36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BAN IND LDV SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY NWG PHI PLW SNG SUL xms 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 51 KER NZL 60 FIJ NWC TOK TON VAN 61 AUI COO HEN PIT SCI TUA 62 MIC MRN 63 haw 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz cos els gua hon nic pan 81 bah bbd cay cub dom gdl gre his jam mar mts nav pue stl stv trt vir 82 clm ven 83 per 84 bra
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium amoa Hook.; Oceanic Sketches [Nightingale], Append. 129 (1835)
= Aspidium floccigerum Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 147 (1828)
= Aspidium haleakalense Mann; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 216 (1868) (tentative synonym)
= Aspidium schkuhrii Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 147 (1828)
= Davallia multiflora Roxb. ex Griff.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 515, t. 31 (1844)
= Nephrodium brownii Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 252 (1827)
= Nephrodium regulare Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 252 (1827)
= Nephrolepis acutangula C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 6 [Epim. Bot.]: 43 (1851)
= Nephrolepis floccigera (Blume) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 92 (1858)
= Nephrolepis mayi May; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 33: 688, 705 (1903)
= Nephrolepis multiflora (Roxb. ex Griff.) F.M.Jarrett ex C.V.Morton; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 309 (1974)
= Nephrolepis pubescens Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 81: 12 (1952)
= Nephrolepis tomentosa Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 2, I. 11 (1911)
= Nephrolepis westonii Craig; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 34: 309 (1903)
= Polypodium mayi May; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 36: 44 (1904) (tentative synonym)
species :
Nephrolepis cocosensis A.Rojas; Acta Bot. Malac. 42(1): 91-99 (2017)
Distribution: Isla del Coco
80 COC
species :
Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836), nom. cons.
Name: Fishbone fern, Herringbone fern, Sword fern, Tuber sword fern, Erect Sword fern, Narrow sword fern
Distribution: Germany [I]; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Kenya [I]; Tanzania [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; South Africa [I] (Limpopo [I], Mpulamanga [I], KwaZulu-Natal [I], W-Cape Prov. [I], E-Cape Prov. [I]); Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; St. Helena [I]; Madagascar; Comores [I]; Mauritius; La Réunion; Seychelles; China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; South Korea (Cheju Isl.); Japan (incl. Izu Isl.); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Anijima, Hahajima); Volcano Isl. (Kita-Iwojima, Minami-Iwojima); Taiwan; Pakistan [I]; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, ?Chhattisgarh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Laccadive Isl., Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, ?Telengana, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin, etc.); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Selangor, Pahang); Singapore [I]; South China Sea Isl.; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah); Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok, Sumba, Bali, Sumbawa, Flores); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (E-Queensland, NE-New South Wales); Lord Howe Isl.; Norfolk Isl.; New Zealand [I]; New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Cook Isl. (Rarotonga); Marquesas Isl. (Hiva Oa, Ua Pou); Society Isl. (Moorea, Tahiti, Maupiti, etc.); Austral Isl. (Tubuai); Pitcairn Isl. [I]; Palau; Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I]); Mexico [I] (Veracruz [I], Puebla [I], Oaxaca [I], Chiapas [I], México Distrito Federal [I], Mexico State [I]); Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Panama [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I] (Haiti [I], Dominican Republic [I]); Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I], St. Thomas [I]); Barbados [I]; Trinidad [I]; Colombia [I] (Antioquia [I], Boyacá [I], Caldas [I], Cauca [I], Chocó [I], Cundinamarca [I], Huila [I], Magdalena [I], Norte de Santander [I], Putumayo [I], Santander [I], Tolima [I], Valle [I], Vaupés [I]); Guyana [I]; Surinam [I]; French Guiana [I]; Ecuador [I]; Galapagos [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I] (Acre [I], Bahia [I], Brasilia Distrito Federal [I], Espírito Santo [I], Goiás [I], Minas Gerais [I], Pará [I], Pernambuco [I], Paraná [I], Rio de Janeiro [I], Rondônia [I], Rio Grande do Sul [I], Santa Catarina [I], São Paulo [I]); Paraguay [I] (Central [I]); Argentina [I] (Buenos Aires [I], Catamarca [I], Cordoba [I], Corrientes [I], Jujuy [I], Salta [I], Santa Fe [I], Tucuman [I])
11 ger 21 mdr 25 ken tan 26 moz zam zim 27 saf swz 28 sth 29 com MAU MDG REU SEY 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR KZN NNS OGA TAI 40 BAN BHU IND LDV NEP pak SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY NWG PHI SCS sng SUL 50 AUS LHI NFK 51 nzl 60 NWC VAN 61 AUI COO MRQ pit SCI 62 PLU 63 HAW 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz els gua hon nic pan 81 bbd cub his jam pue trt vir 82 clm frg guy sur 83 bol ecu gal per 84 bra 85 arg par
Remarks: N. cordifolia in strict sense is restricted to Reunion, Mauritius, Madagascar and Seychelles. An unnamed sibling species occurs in Kermadec Isl. and New Zealand - North Island. Some of the distribution might belong to N. lauterbachii
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium auriculatum (L.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 31 (1801)
= Aspidium auriculatum (L.) Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2233 (1829), nomen
= Aspidium cordifolium (L.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 32 (1801)
= Aspidium cordifolium var. tambourinense (Domin) F.M.Bailey; (1913)
= Aspidium edule (D.Don) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(1): 98 (1827)
= Aspidium imbricatum Kaulf. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(1): 97 (1827)
= Aspidium sublanosum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 365 (1829), nomen
= Aspidium tuberosum Bory ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 234 (1810)
= Aspidium volubile var. cavernicola (Domin) F.M.Bailey; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 17: 10 (1913)
= Asplenium bulbosum Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 2: 833 (1790)
= Davallia falcata Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 87 (1801)
= Dryopteris auriculata (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 812 (1891)
= Humata falcata (Sw.) Cav. ex Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 324 (1827)
= Nephrodium auriculatum (L.) A.Rich.; Voy. Astrolabe 44 (1834)
= Nephrodium cordifolium (L.) Baker; Syn. Fil. [W.J.Hooker & Baker] 7: 300 (1867)
= Nephrodium edule D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 5 (1825)
= Nephrodium imbricatum (Kaulf. ex Spreng.) Bojer; Hortus Maurit. 392 (1837)
= Nephrodium tuberosum (Bory ex Willd.) Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 252 (1827)
= Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 152 (1887)
= Nephrolepis cordifolia var. tambourinensis Domin; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 17: 10 (1913)
= Nephrolepis cordifolia var. tuberosa (Bory ex Willd.) Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 1(2): 491 (1870)
= Nephrolepis exaltata var. tuberosa (Bory ex Willd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 816 (1891)
= Nephrolepis imbricata (Kaulf. ex Spreng.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Nephrolepis intramarginalis Kunze; Linnaea 23: 268, 312 (1850)
= Nephrolepis paleacea Jungh. & de Vriese; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 4 (1846)
= Nephrolepis radicans var. cavernicola Domin; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 17: 10 (1913)
= Nephrolepis rhizodes Kunze; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 6: 236 (1848)
= Nephrolepis tuberosa (Bory ex Willd.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Polypodium auriculatum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1088 (1753), nom. utique rej.
= Polypodium cordifolium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1089 (1753), nom. cons.
= Polystichum auriculatum (L.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 83 (1836)
variant :
var. pumicicola (F.Ballard) Hovenkamp & Miyam.; Blumea 50(2): 279 (2005)
Distribution: Cameroon; SW-Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni)
23 BIO CMN EQG SAO
Synonyms: hidden
= Nephrolepis pumicicola F.Ballard; Kew Bull. [9]: 467 (1955)
species :
Nephrolepis davalliae Alderw.; Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 21: 2 (1908)
Distribution: Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain)
42 MOL NWG 43 BIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Nephrolepis schlechteri Brause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 24 (1912)
species :
Nephrolepis davallioides (Sw.) Kunze; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 460 (1846)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Selangor, Pahang, Johor); Sumatra; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah); Sulawesi; Java; Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
41 THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY MOL NWG SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium davallioides Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 33 (1801)
= Nephrodium davallioides (Sw.) Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 254 (1827)
= Nephrodium deparioides Bory; Voy. Indes Or. [Bélanger] 2: 59 (1833)
= Nephrolepis acuminata (Houtt.) Kuhn; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 286 (1869)
= Nephrolepis serrata Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 2, 28: 34 (1918)
= Ophioglossum acuminatum Houtt.; Nat. Hist. [Houttuyn] 14: 94 (1783)
= Polypodium adianthiforme Blanco; Fl. Filip. [F.M.Blanco], ed. 2: 573 (1845)
= Pteris sinuata Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 80 (1837), nom. illeg.
species :
Nephrolepis delicatula (Decne.) Pic.Serm.; Webbia 23: 181 (1968)
Distribution: Guinea; Ghana; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic); D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Sudan; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand (widespread); ?Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon)
22 GHA GUI 23 BIO CMN CON GAB ZAI 24 SUD 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 40 BAN IND NEP 41 MYA THA 42 PHI
Remarks: treated as full species by Roux (2009)
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium tavoyanum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1032 (1829), nom. nud.
= Nephrodium delicatulum Decne.; Voy. Inde [Jacquemont] 4: 178, t. 179 (1844)
= Nephrolepis filipes Christ; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 1(3): 213 (1906)
= Nephrolepis glabra Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1, Suppl. 2: 146 (1906)
= Nephrolepis paucifrondosa J.F.R.Almeida; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 5: 51 (1926)
= Nephrolepis pluma T.Moore; Gard. Chron., Ser. 2, 9: 588, f. 68 (1878)
= Nephrolepis tuberosa var. delicatula (Decne.) Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 4: 151 (1862)
= Nephrolepis undulata var. delicatula (Decne.) Verdc.; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Oleandr. 7 (2001)
species :
Nephrolepis dicksonioides Christ; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 11: 241, t. 3, f. 8-10 (1895)
Distribution: Sulawesi; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl. (Guadalcanal, Kolombangara, Makira, Ranongga, Rendova, Vella Lavella)
42 NWG SUL 43 SOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Isoloma dicksonioides (Christ) Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 331 (1952)
= Dicksonia nephrolepioides Christ; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 11: 241 (1895)
= Nephrolepis rosenstockii Brause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 25 (1912)
species :
Nephrolepis equilatera A.Rojas; Mét. Ecol. Sist. 3(Supl. 1): 63 (2008)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott; Gen. Fil. [Schott] t. 3 (1834)
subspecies :
subsp. exaltata
Name: Boston swordfern (EN); Hochgewachsener Schwertfarn (DE); Helecho rizado (ES)
Distribution: Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Azores [I] (Sao Miguel Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Palma Isl. [I]); Tanzania [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Seychelles [I]; Ascension Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Queensland [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Majuro [I]); USA (Arizona, Florida, Louisiana, Texas); Bermuda; Mexico [I] (Veracruz [I]); Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Cayman Isl. (Grand Cayman); Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. Thomas, St. John, Tortola); Trinidad [I]; Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, La Guajira, Valle); Ecuador; Bolivia (La Paz); Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo)
20 alg mor 21 azo cny 25 tan 26 zim 28 asc 29 sey 50 aus 62 mrs 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 mex 80 COS HON NIC PAN 81 BAH BER CAY CUB HIS JAM PUE TCI trt VIR 82 CLM 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA
Remarks: many reports for this species in the neotropics are introduced N. brownii (Mickel, 2004). Reports for India are N. falciformis (Fraser-Jenkins 2008)
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium exaltatum (L.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 22 (1801)
= Davallia falcata Sm.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. (Turin) 5: 415 (1793)
= Hypopeltis exaltata (L.) Bory; Voy. Indes Or. [Bélanger] 2: 66 (1833)
= Nephrodium exaltatum (L.) R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 148 (1810)
= Nephrolepis cultrifolia C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836), nom. nud., et Abh. König. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 6: 44 (1851)
= Nephrolepis dentata Goldm.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 463 (1843)
= Nephrolepis exaltata f. fallax Domin; Rozpr. Kral. Ceske Spolecn. Nauk, Tr. Mat.-Prir., n. s. 2: 235 (1929)
= Nephrolepis exaltata f. muscosa Clute; Fern Bull. 19: 90 (1911)
= Nephrolepis exaltata var. bostoniensis Davenp.; Boston Fl. Market 2: 134, 150 (1896)
= Nephrolepis bostoniensis Anon.; Amer. Florist (Chicago, 1885-1931) 24: 185 (1905)
= Nephrolepis exaltata var. exauriculata F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 5: 140 (1865)
= Nephrolepis neglecta Kunze; Linnaea 13: 148 (1839)
= Polypodium exaltatum L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1326 (1759)
subspecies :
subsp. hawaiiensis W.H.Wagner; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 22: 182 (1999)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii Isl., Niihau)
63 HAW
species :
Nephrolepis falcata (Cav.) C.Chr.; Dansk Bot. Ark. 9(3): 15 (1937)
Name: Fishtail swordfern (EN)
Distribution: Sri Lanka; Myanmar; Vietnam; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak); Philippines; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Honduras [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (Tortola [I])
40 SRL 41 MYA VIE 42 BOR PHI SUM 63 haw 78 usa 80 hon 81 vir
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium biserratum var. furcans (L.H.Bailey) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 262 (1931)
= Nephrolepis barbata Copel.; Fragm. Fl. Philipp. [Perkins] 178 (1905)
= Nephrolepis biserrata var. furcans (T.Moore) L.H.Bailey; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2: 2132 (1917)
= Nephrolepis davallioides var. furcans T.Moore ex G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 445, fig. 682 (1885)
= Nephrolepis falcata f. furcans (T.Moore ex G.Nicholson) Proctor; Rhodora 63: 32 (1961)
= Tectaria falcata Cav.; Descr. Pl. [Cavanilles] 250 (1801)
species :
Nephrolepis falciformis J.Sm.; Ferns Brit. Foreign 287 (1866)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); India [I] (Kerala [I], Tamil Nadu [I], Uttar Pradesh [I], West Bengal [I]); Maldives; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Selangor, Kelantan, Pahang, Johor); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak); Sulawesi; Philippines; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
36 CHI 40 ind MDV 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium flagelliferum Roxb.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2234 (1830), nomen
= Nephrolepis cordifolia var. calcarea Christ; Nova Guinea, Bot. 8: 158 (1909)
= Nephrolepis thomsonii Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 2, 24: 2 (1917)
species :
Nephrolepis flexuosa Colenso; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 20: 231 (1888)
Distribution: Norfolk Isl.; New Zealand; Vanuatu; Fiji (Viti Levu, Taveuni, Ovalau); [Western] Samoa (´Upolu, Savai´i); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga)
50 NFK 51 NZL 60 FIJ SAM VAN 61 COO
Remarks: status see de Lange et al. (2005)
Synonyms: hidden
= Nephrolepis flexuosa var. pseudolauterbachii Hovenkamp & Miyam.; Blumea 50(2): 296 (-297, map 3) (2005)
species :
Nephrolepis grayumiana A.Rojas; Mét. Ecol. Sist. 3(Supl. 1): 64 (2008)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Ecuador
80 COS 83 ECU
species :
Nephrolepis hirsutula (G.Forst.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
Name: Rough Sword fern, Scurfy Sword fern
Distribution: China [I] (NW-Yunnan [I]); Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Anijima, Otohtojima); Volcano Isl. (Kita-Iwojima, Iwojima, Minami-Iwojima); Myanmar; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Selangor, Pahang); Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah, Kalimantan); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok, Bali, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Alor); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl.); Solomon Isl. (Bougainville, Choiseul, Guadalcanal, Kolombangara, Malaita, Makira); Australia (N-Western Australia, N-Northern Territory, Queensland); New Caledonia; Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Niue; Niue; Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Kadavu); Wallis & Futuna (Wallis Isl., Alofi, Futuna Isl., ´Uvea); American Samoa (Tutuila, Aunu´u, Ofu, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Isl., Savai´i, ´Upolu); Tuvalu (Funafuti, Niutao, Vaitupu); Tokelau (Swains Isl.); ?Gilbert Isl. (?Abaiang); Banaba [Ocean] Isl.; N-Line Isl. (Palmyra, Teraina); S-Line Isl. (Caroline Atoll); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Aitutaki, Manuae, Ngaputoru Group, Palmerston); Marquesas Isl. (Eiao, Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Tahuata, Mohotani, Fatu Hiva); Society Isl. (Moorea); ?Austral Isl. (?Rurutu); Pitcairn Isl.; Palau (Kayangel, Angaur); Northern Marianas (Pagan, Anatahan, Asuncion, Rota Isl., Saipan, Tinian); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Kapingamarangi, Kosrae, Pohnpei); Marshall Isl.. (Kwajalein, Jaluit); Hawaii (Kauai, Maui)
36 chi 38 KZN OGA 41 MYA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ NUE NWC OCE ROT SAM SCZ TOK TUV VAN WAL 61 COO LIN MRQ PIT SCI 62 GUM MIC MRN PLU 63 HAW
Remarks: some of the distribution in the Pacific listed here may belong to N. brownii, due to long confusion with this species
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium exaltatum var. hirsutulum F.M.Bailey; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 17: 10 (1913)
= Aspidium hirsutulum (G.Forst.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 32 (1801)
= Aspidium pilosum Langsd. & Fisch.; Icon. Filic. 14, t. 16 (1810)
= Aspidium tomentosum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 234 (1810)
= Lepidoneuron hirsutulum (G.Forst.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 301 (1852)
= Nephrodium hirsutulum (G.Forst.) C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 32 (1825)
= Nephrodium hirsutum (G.Forst.) Bory; Voy. Monde, Crypt. 1: 268 (1828)
= Nephrodium multifidum Rich.; Voy. Astrolabe 39 (1834)
= Nephrolepis cisneiriana f. duffii (T.Moore) Proctor; Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 5: 42 (1953)
= Nephrolepis duffii T.Moore; Gard. Chron., Ser. 2, 9: 622, f. 113 (1878)
= Nephrolepis exaltata var. hirsutula (G.Forst.) Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 1(2): 493 (1870)
= Nephrolepis multifida (Rich.) Mett.; Fil. Lechl. 1: 21 (1856)
= Nephrolepis pilosa (Langsd. & Fisch.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Nephrolepis rufescens f. tripinnatifida Baker; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 1: 476, 477 (1887)
= Nephrolepis wallichiana C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Polypodium ferrugineum Roxb.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 487 (1844)
= Polypodium hirsutulum G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 81 (1786)
= Polystichum hirsutulum (G.Forst.) Bernh.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1801(1): 16 (1802)
species :
Nephrolepis kuroiwae Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 9: 6 (1895)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.
38 NNS
species :
Nephrolepis lauterbachii (Christ) Christ; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 456 (1901)
Distribution: ?Sulawesi; Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Ireland); Solomon Isl. (Bougainville, Guadalcanal, Santa Ysabel, Kolombangara, Rendova, Nggatokae, Vella Lavella); ?Vanuatu; ?Fiji; ?[Western] Samoa
42 MOL NWG 43 BIS SOL
Remarks: see comments under N. cordifolia. Some of the distribution listed there might belong to N. lauterbachii
Synonyms: hidden
= Nephrolepis cordifolia var. lauterbachii Christ; Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 118 (1901)
= Nephrolepis humatoides Alderw.; Nova Guinea 14: 33 (1924)
species :
Nephrolepis obliterata (R.Br.) J.Sm.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 4: 197 (1841)
Distribution: Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea, Mapia Atoll); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Solomon Isl.; Australia (NE-Queensland, N-Northern Territory, NW-Queensland); New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Taveuni); American Samoa; [Western] Samoa; Palau (Kayangel, Babeldaob, Almaten); Fed. States of Micronesia (Sonsorol, Yap, Ulithi, Woleai, Ifalik, Puluwat, Namonuito, Truk, Moen, Nama, Losap, Namoluk, Etal, Lukunor, Satawan, Nukuoro, Ant, Pohnpei, Pingelap, Kosrae)
42 MOL NWG 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ NWC SAM VAN 62 MIC PLU
Remarks: the name has been misapplied to Arthropteris palisotii in older literature
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthropteris obliterata (R.Br.) J.Sm.; Cult. Ferns 62 (1827)
= Arthropteris obliterata var. linearis (F.M.Bailey) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 85: 61 (1915)
= Aspidium obliteratum (R.Br.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(1): 99 (1827)
= Nephrodium obliteratum R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 148 (1810)
= Nephrolepis saligna Carruth.; Fl. Vit. [Seemann] 361 (1873)
= Nephrolepis sieberi C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
species :
Nephrolepis obtusiloba A.Rojas; Mét. Ecol. Sist. 3(Supl. 1): 65 (2008)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Ecuador
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU
species :
Nephrolepis occidentalis Kunze; Linnaea 18: 343 (1844)
Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Paraná)
84 BRA
Remarks: often included in N. undulata, therefore distribution is probably incomplete
Synonyms: hidden
= Nephrolepis cordifolia var. occidentalis (Kunze) Kuhn; Filic. Afr. [Kuhn] 121 (1868)
= Nephrolepis pectinata var. occidentalis (Kunze) Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9(3): 316 (1925)
species :
Nephrolepis pectinata (Willd.) Schott; Gen. Fil. [Schott] t. 3 (1834)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Costa Rica; Isla del Coco; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Caquetá, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Santander); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Tachira); Guyana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz); Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo)
79 MEX 80 COC COS GUA HON PAN 81 CUB HIS JAM 82 CLM GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium cordifolium var. pectinatum (Schott) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 262 (1931)
= Aspidium pectinatum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 223 (1810)
= Aspidium trapezoides Schkuhr; 24. Kl. Linn. Pfl.-Syst. 1: 30 (1806) (non Sw. 1801)
= Nephrodium pectinatum (Willd.) Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 125 (1833)
= Nephrodium schkuhrii Link; Fil. Spec. 109 (1841)
= Nephrolepis cisneiriana Glaz. ex A.Samp.; Mus. Nac. Relat. (Rio de Janeiro) no. 5: 33 (1924)
= Nephrolepis cisneiriana var. obtusata Sodiro; Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 276 (1893)
= Nephrolepis cisneiriana var. occidentalis Kuhn; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24(1): 121 (1897)
= Nephrolepis cisneiriana var. pectinata (Willd.) Baker; Syn. Fil. [W.J.Hooker & Baker] 301 (1867)
= Nephrolepis cordifolia var. pectinata (Schott) Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 1(2): 492 (1870)
= Nephrolepis exaltata var. pectinata (Willd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 816 (1891)
= Nephrolepis schkuhrii (Link) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 319 (1852)
species :
Nephrolepis pendula (Raddi) J.Sm.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 4: 197 (1841)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Hispaniola (Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; Colombia (Antioquia, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Santander); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB HIS PUE 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium pendulum Raddi; Opusc. Sci. 3: 289 (1819)
= Nephrodium pendulum (Raddi) Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 252 (1827)
= Nephrolepis cordifolia var. pendula (Raddi) Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 1(2): 492 (1870)
= Nephrolepis pectinata subsp. pendula (Raddi) Jenman; Bull. Bot. Dept., Jamaica 3: 261 (1896)
= Nephrolepis tuberosa var. pendula (Raddi) Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 4: 151 (1862)
species :
Nephrolepis pickelii Rosenst. ex A.Sampaio; Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 32: 36 (1930)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
species :
Nephrolepis radicans (Burm.) Kuhn; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 285 (1869)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Assam, ?Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, ?Mizoram, ?Nagaland, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar; peninsular Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Selangor); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Sarawak); Brunei; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Sumbawa); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); New Caledonia
40 BAN IND NEP 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW LSI MLY NWG PHI SNG SUM 60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium obtusifolium Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 231 (1810)
= Aspidium volubile (J.Sm.) F.M.Bailey; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 17: 10 (1913)
= Lepidoneuron volubile (J.Sm. ex C.Presl) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 301 (1852)
= Lindsaea lanuginosa Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 154 (1829), nomen
= Nephrodium obtusifolium (Willd.) C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 32 (1825)
= Nephrolepis clementis Christ; Philipp. J. Sci. 3: 272 (1908)
= Nephrolepis obtusifolia (Willd.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 80 (1836)
= Nephrolepis volubilis J.Sm.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 413 (1841) (nomen)
= Nephrolepis volubilis J.Sm. ex C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 6 [Epim. Bot.]: 44 (1851)
= Polypodium radicans Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] 233 (1768)
species :
Nephrolepis rivularis (Vahl) Mett. ex Krug; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 122 (1897)
Name: Streamside swordfern
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Thomas, Tortola); Saba; St. Eustatius; Nevis; St. Kitts; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Boyacá, Caquetá, Cesar, Chocó, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Valle, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Aragua, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Falcon, Merida, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Tachira, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amazonas, Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo)
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SAB STE STK STL STV TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium eminens Wikstr.; Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1825: 436 (1826)
= Aspidium sesquipedale Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 230 (1810)
= Lepidoneuron sesquipedale (Willd.) Fée; Crypt. Vasc. Brésil 1: 148 (1869)
= Nephrodium crenatum Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 252 (1827)
= Nephrolepis crenata (Desv.) Fée; Mém. Foug. 1 (Examen Bases Classif.): 14, t. 1, f. 19 (1844)
= Nephrolepis exaltata var. rivularis (Vahl) Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34(4): 454 (1904)
= Nephrolepis hirsutula var. sesquipedalis (Willd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 816 (1891)
= Nephrolepis intermedia Sodiro; Recens. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 57 (1883), nom. illeg., non Fée
= Nephrolepis rivularis var. dominicensis Domin; Rozpr. Kral. Ceske Spolecn. Nauk, Tr. Mat.-Prir., n. s. 2: 237 (1929)
= Nephrolepis sesquipedalis (Willd.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 79 (1836)
= Nephrolepis valida Kunze; Linnaea 21: 229 (1848) (nomen), et Linnaea 23: 268 (1850)
= Polypodium rivulare Vahl; Eclog. Amer. 3: 51 (1807)
species :
Nephrolepis sp. ined.aff.biserrata
Distribution: Ascension Isl.
28 ASC
species :
Nephrolepis undulata (Afzel. ex Sw.) J.Sm.; Bot. Mag. 72 (Compan.): 35 bis (1846)
Name: Annual Sword fern (EN)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. ; Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni); Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte); La Réunion; Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Chocó, Huila, Magdalena); Venezuela (Aragua, Cojedes, Guarico, Lara, Portuguesa); Ecuador; Galapagos; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Tocantins)
21 CVI 22 BEN BKN GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 ANN BIO BUR CAF CMN CON EQG GAB PRI RWA SAO ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SOC SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 29 COM MDG REU 79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON PAN 81 HIS PUE 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL 84 BRA
Remarks: see also N. occidentalis which is sometimes included here
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium undulatum Afzel. ex Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 32 (1801)
= Nephrolepis cordifolia f. aureoglandulosa Bonap.; Notes Ptéridol. 4: 69 (1917), et Notes Ptéridol. 16: 44 (1925)
= Nephrolepis cordifolia var. aureoglandulosa (Bonap.) C.Chr.; Cat. Pl. Madag., Pterid. 33 (1931)
= Nephrolepis cordifolia var. compacta Bonap.; Notes Ptéridol. 14: 265 (1923)
= Nephrolepis cordifolia var. undulata (Afzel. ex Sw.) C.Chr.; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 453, 455 (1906)
= Nephrolepis tuberosa var. undulata (Afzel. ex Sw.) Kuhn; Filic. Afr. [Kuhn] 156 (1868)
= Nephrolepis undulata var. aureoglandulosa (Bonap.) Tardieu; Fl. Madagasc., Fam. 5e: 64 (1958), isonym
species :
Nephrolepis ×averyi Nauman; Amer. Fern J. 69(3): 69 (1979)
Name: Avery´s Sword Fern (EN)
Distribution: USA (S-Florida)
78 USA
Remarks: Nephrolepis biserrata x Nephrolepis exaltata
species :
Nephrolepis ×copelandii W.H.Wagner; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 22: 185 (1999)
Distribution: Taiwan; Hawaii (Hawaii Isl.); etc.
38 TAI 63 HAW
Remarks: Nephrolepis cordifolia x brownii
species :
Nephrolepis ×hippocrepicis Miyam.; Blumea 50(2): 312 (2005)
Distribution: Japan (Nansei-shoto); Taiwan
38 JAP NNS TAI
Remarks: Nephrolepis biserrata x cordifolia
species :
Nephrolepis ×medlerae W.H.Wagner; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 22: 183 (1999)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu)
63 HAW
Remarks: Nephrolepis exaltata ssp. hawaiiensis x multiflora
species :
Nephrolepis ×pseudobiserrata Miyam.; Blumea 50(2): 313 (2005)
Distribution: Japan (Nansei-shoto); Taiwan
38 JAP NNS TAI
Remarks: Nephrolepis biserrata x brownii
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life