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Ver. 24.11
November 5th, 2024

501.0000 Family Plantaginaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 89 (1789), nom. cons.
93 genera, ca. 2050 spp.
Species listed in database: 2090; hybrids: 91
= Antirrhinaceae Pers.; Syn. Pl. 2: 154, 640 (1807)
= Aragoaceae D.Don; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 19: 109, 113 (1835)
= Callitrichaceae Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 7 (1821), nom. cons.
= Chelonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 124 (1820)
= Digitalidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 202 (1820)
= Ellisiophyllaceae Honda; M. Honda & M. Sakisaka, Daikou Nippon Shokubutsu Bunraigaku (Syst. Pl. Japon.): 372 (1930)
= Erinaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 1236 (1874)
= Globulariaceae DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 3: 427 (1805), nom. cons.
= Gratiolaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 294 (1820)
= Hippuridaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 265, 278 (1818), nom. cons.
= Linariaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 243 (1820)
= Littorellaceae Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 290, 294 (1822)
= Oxycladaceae Schnizl.; Iconogr. Fam. Regni Veg. 2: ad t. 151xx (1857-1870)
= Psylliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 69 (1834)
= Sibthorpiaceae D.Don; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 19: 114 (1835)
= Trapellaceae Honda & Sakis.; Daikou Nippon Shokubutsu Bunraigaku [Syst. Pl. Japon.]: 378 (1930)
= Veronicaceae Cassel; Lehrb. Nat. Pflanzenord.: 366 (1817)
501.1206 Genus Gratiola L.; Sp. Pl. 1: 17 (1753)
Distribution: Temperate and warmtemperate regions and mountainous tropics
Species listed in database: 28
= Amphianthus Torr.; Ann. Lyc. N. York 4: 82 (1837)
= Derlinia Néraud; C. Gaudichaud-Beaupré, Voy. Uranie: 28 (1826)
= Gonatia Nutt. ex DC.; Prod. 10: 595 (1846)
= Nibora Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 36 (1817)
= Sophronanthe Benth.; Lindl. Introd. Nat. Syst. ed. II. 445 (1836)
= Tragiola Small & Pennell; Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 1192 (1933)
species :
Gratiola amphiantha D.Estes & R.L.Small; Syst. Bot. 33(1): 181 (2008)
Name: Pool sprite, snorkelwort
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amphianthus pusillus Torr.; Ann. Lyc. N. York 4: 82 (1837)
species :
Gratiola brevifolia Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 176 (1833)
Name: Sticky hedgehyssop
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas)
74 USA 77 USA 78 USA
species :
Gratiola ebracteata Benth. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 595 (1846)
Name: Bractless hedgehyssop
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington State)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gonatia gratioloides Nutt; Prod. 10: 595 (1846)
species :
Gratiola floridana Nutt.; J. Acad. Philad. 7: 103 (1834)
Name: Florida hedgehyssop
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola floridana var. intermedia Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 403 (1846)
= Sophronanthe floridana (Nutt.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 298 (1844)
species :
Gratiola fluviatilis Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 15 (1925)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu); Ryukyu Isl.
38 JAP NNS
species :
Gratiola graniticola D.Estes; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 166 (2007)
Name: Granite hedgehyssop
Distribution: USA (Georgia: De Kalb Co., South Carolina)
78 USA
species :
Gratiola griffithii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4(11): 273 (1884)
Distribution: China (Guangdong); NE-India (Assam)
36 CHI 40 IND
species :
Gratiola heterosepala H.Mason & Bacigalupo; Madroño 12: 150 (1954)
Name: Boggs Lake hedgehyssop
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
species :
Gratiola hispida Pollard; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 157 (1897)
Name: Rough hedgehyssop
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola subulata Baldwin ex Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 405 (1846)
= Sophronanthe hispida Benth.; Nat. Syst. Bot. (Lindl.), ed. 2: 445 (1836)
species :
Gratiola japonica Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 117 (1866)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Yunnan); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola micrantha Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 456 (1875)
species :
Gratiola linifolia Vahl; Enum. Pl. 1: 89 (1804)
Distribution: Portugal; SW- & WC-Spain
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola crassifolia Lag.; Gen. et Sp. Nov. 1 (1816)
= Gratiola genuflora Samp.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Oporto) 7: 8 (1901)
= Gratiola linifolia var. salmantica Lag. ex Amo; Fl. Fan. Peníns. Ibérica 3: 325 (1872)
= Gratiola salmantica Lag.; Gen. et Sp. Nov. 1 (1816)
species :
Gratiola lutea Raf.; Med. Repos. N. York, III. 2: 333 (1811)
Name: Golden hedgehyssop
Distribution: Canada (Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, North Carolina, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola aurea f. helveola Bartlett; Rhodora 9: 123 (1907)
= Gratiola aurea f. leucantha Bartlett; Rhodora 9: 123 (1907)
= Gratiola aurea f. pusilla Fassett; Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 25: 161 (1930)
= Gratiola aurea Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 12 (1813)
= Gratiola aurea var. obtusa Pennell; Torreya 19: 145 (1919)
= Gratiola lutea f. pusilla Pennell; Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 1: 76 (1935)
= Gratiola lutea var. obtusa Pennell; Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 1: 76 (1935)
species :
Gratiola mauretanica (Emb. & Maire) I.Soriano & T.Romero; Lagascalia 28: 446 (2008)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola linifolia var. mauretanica Emb. & Maire; Pl. Marocc. Nov. 1: 4-5 (1929)
species :
Gratiola nana Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 404 (1846)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); New Zealand
50 AUS 51 NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola concinna Colenso; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 19: 264 (1886 publ. 1887)
species :
Gratiola neglecta Torr.; Cat. Pl. New York 89 (1819)
Name: Clammy hedgehyssop (EN), Übersehenes Gnadenkraut (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; France [I]; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
11 ger 12 fra 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Conobea borealis Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 26 (1822)
= Gratiola gracilis Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 402 (1846)
= Gratiola heterophylla Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 43 (1840)
= Gratiola lutea var. glaberrima Fernald; Rhodora 34: 149 (1932)
= Gratiola neglecta var. glaberrima (Fernald) Fernald; Rhodora 51: 84 (1949)
= Gratiola officinalis var. caroliniensis Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 14 (1805)
species :
Gratiola officinalis L.; Sp. Pl. 17 (1753)
Name: Gottes-Gnadenkraut (DE)
Distribution: Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, +Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, +Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, +Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen [I]); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; Sardinia; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; ?Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered N- & C-Greece, W-Peloponnisos, Samothraki); +Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran); China (Xinjiang); South Korea [I]
11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 MOR 30 SIB 32 KAZ TZK UZB 33 GEO NCS 34 EAI IRN TUR 36 CHI 38 kor
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola angustifolia Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 123 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Gratiola linifolia Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Port. 1: 225. t. 31 (1811) non Vahl 1804
= Gratiola linifolia var. angustifolia (Lange) Franco; Nova Fl. Portugal 2: 211, 567 (1984)
= Gratiola linifolia var. broteri (Nyman) Cout.; Fl. Portugal ed. 2: 660 (1939)
= Gratiola linifolia var. lusitanica Amo; Fl. Fan. Peníns. Ibérica 3: 324 (1872)
= Gratiola meonantha Samp.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Oporto) 10: 54 (1906)
= Gratiola officinalis f. angustifolia (Lange) Cout.; Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 659 (1939)
= Gratiola officinalis f. meonantha (Samp.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 659 (1939)
= Gratiola officinalis f. submersa Glück; 52 (1911)
= Gratiola officinalis subsp. broteri Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 536 (1881)
= Gratiola officinalis var. angustifolia Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 556 (1870)
= Gratiola officinalis var. catalaunica Sennen & Pau; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 21: 126 (1911)
species :
Gratiola oresbia B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 614 (1909)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Chiapas, Veracruz, Michoacan, Queretaro, Chihuahua, Nayarit, etc.); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
species :
Gratiola pedunculata R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 435 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria); New Zealand
50 AUS 51 NZL
species :
Gratiola peruviana L.; Sp. Pl. 17 (1753)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Santander, Tolima); Venezuela (Merida); Ecuador; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Paraguari); Uruguay (Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Flores Prov., Florida Prov., Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rio Negro, Rivera, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones, Neuquen, Santa Fe); Chile (Atacama, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos)
82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola bogotensis Cortés ex Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 72: 154 (1920)
= Gratiola glabra Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 287 (1844)
= Gratiola peruviana var. pusilla Hassl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 348 (1912)
= Gratiola peruviana var. uliginosa Reiche; Fl. Chile 6: 68 (1911)
= Gratiola uruguayensis Herter & Melch.; Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 4: 191 (1937), nomen, et ex Herter, Rev. Sudamer. Bot. 6: 101 (1939)
= Stemodia glabra Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 2: 811 (1825)
species :
Gratiola pilosa Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 7 (1803)
Name: Shaggy hedgehyssop
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola peruviana Walter; Fl. Carol. 62 (1788) non L.
= Gratiola pilosa var. epilis Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 71: 239 (1920)
= Sophronanthe pilosa (Michx.) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 1067 (1903)
= Tragiola pilosa (Michx.) Small & Pennell; Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 1192 (1933)
= Tragiola pilosa subsp. epilis (Small & Pennell) Small & Pennell; Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1: 99 (1935)
= Tragiola pilosa var. epilis Small & Pennell; Man. S. E. Fl. [Small] 1192 (1933)
species :
Gratiola pubescens R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 435 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Western Australia, Queensland); New Zealand; Chatham Isl.
50 AUS 51 CTM NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola latifolia R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 435 (1810)
species :
Gratiola pumilio F.Muell.; Linnaea 25: 431 (1852)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola peruviana var. pumilio (F.Muell.) Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 4: 493 (1868)
species :
Gratiola quartermaniae D.Estes; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 163 (2007)
Name: Limestone hedgehyssop
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Texas)
72 CDN 74 USA 77 USA 78 USA
species :
Gratiola ramosa Walter; Fl. Carol. 61 (1788)
Name: Branched hedgehyssop
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola callosa Raf.; Autikon Botanikon, 42 (1840), Pennell in Torreya 22: 78 (1922)
= Gratiola drummondii Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 405 (1846)
= Gratiola quadridentata Michx.; Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 6 (1803)
= Gratiola ramosa subsp. drummondii (Benth.) Pennell; Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 1: 78 (1935)
= Gratiola ramosa var. drummondii (Benth.) Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 73: 471 (1922)
species :
Gratiola sexdentata A.Cunn.; Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 459 (1838)
Distribution: New Zealand
51 NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola glandulifera Colenso; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 17: 245 (1885)
species :
Gratiola torreyi Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 1066, 1338 (1903)
Name: Yellow hedgehyssop
Distribution: USA (Louisiana, Texas)
77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola flava Leavenw. ex Pennell; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 73: 472 (1921 publ. 1922)
= Gratiola pusilla Torr. ex Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 402 (1846)
species :
Gratiola virginiana L.; Sp. Pl. 17 (1753)
Name: Roundfruit hedgehyssop (EN), Virginisches Gnadenkraut (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)
11 ger 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola acuminata Franch. ex Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 403 (1846)
= Gratiola acuminata Vahl; Enum. Pl. 1: 92 (1804)
= Gratiola caroliniensis Leconte; Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1: 105 (1824)
= Gratiola caroliniensis Pursh; Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 12 (1813)
= Gratiola mesochora Peattie; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 130 (1926)
= Gratiola missouriana Beck; Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10: 258 (1826)
= Gratiola sphaerocarpa Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 14 (1816)
= Gratiola virginiana f. acutidens Fernald; Rhodora 44: 440 (1942)
= Gratiola virginiana var. aestuariorum Pennell; Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 1: 96 (1935)
= Gratiola virginica L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 2: 62 (1767)
= Nibora aquatica Raf.; Fl. Ludov.: 36 (1817)
species :
Gratiola viscidula Pennell; Torreya 19: 145 (1919)
Name: Short´s hedgehyssop
Distribution: USA (District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gratiola anagallis Beyr. ex Benth.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 404 (1846)
= Gratiola virginica Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 12 (1816) non L.
= Gratiola viscidula subsp. shortii Pennell; Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 1: 82 (1935)
= Gratiola viscidula var. shortii (Durand ex Pennell) Gleason
= Gratiola viscosa Schwein. ex Leconte; Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1: 106 (1824), nom. illeg.
= Gratiola viscosa var. drummondii Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot. (ed. 1861) 524 (1861)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life