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Ver. 24.11
November 5th, 2024

493.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6670; hybrids: 9
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuevo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han.: 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg.: 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; K. Schum. & C. A. G. Lauterb., Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee: 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 256 (1858)
493.6651 Genus Cynanchum L.; Sp. Pl. 1: 212 (1753) s. lat.
Distribution: Tropical and temperate regions, many in Madagascar (80) and temp. Asia. Inclusion of many small genera fide Khanum et al. (2016), separation of Vincetoxicum as well as Tylophora, Tylodontia and Scyphostelma according to Liede (1997, 2002, 2013).
Species listed in database: 256
= Adelostemma Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 20 (1883)
= Ampelanus Raf.; Am. Monthly Mag. 192 (1819)
= Aphanostelma Schltr.; H. Lév., Fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 39 (1914 publ. 1915), in clavi, sine descr.
= Basistelma Bartlett; Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 631 (1909)
= Bunburia Harv.; Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. I. 416 (1838)
= Colostephanus Harv.; Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. I. 417, in nota (1838)
= Cyathella Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 332. t. 12 (1838)
= Cynoctonum E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 215 (1837)
= Decanema Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 338. t. 12 (1838)
= Decanemopsis Costantin & Gallaud; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. 12: 418 (1906)
= Dicarpophora Speg.; Physis 8: 269 (1926)
= Diploglossum Meisn.; Gen. Pl. 269 (1840)
= Drepanostemma Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Rev. Gen. Bot. 23: 256 (1911)
= Endotropis Endl.; Gen. 591 (1838)
= Enslenia Nutt.; Gen. Am. 1: 164 (1818)
= Exostegia Bojer ex Decne.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 528, 530 (1844)
= Flanagania Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: Beibl. no. 45: 10 (1894)
= Folotsia Costantin & Bois; Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Par. cxlvii. 258 (1908)
= Gilgia Pax; (1894) (Euphorbiaceae)
= Glossonema Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 2, 9: 335 (1838)
= Graphistemma (Benth.) Champ. ex Benth.; Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2: 760 (1876)
= Holostemma R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 42 (preprint) (1810)
= Karimbolea Desc.; Cactus, Paris 15: Nos. 68-69, 77 (1960)
= Lyonia Elliott; Sketch 1: 316 (1817)
= Macbridea Raf.; (1818) (nec Elliott ex Nutt 1818)
= Mahafalia Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Rev. Gen. Bot 23: 255 (1911)
= Mastostigma Stocks; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. t. 863 (1852)
= Mellichampia A.Gray ex S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 437 (1887)
= Metalepis Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. 179 (1866)
= Metaplexis R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 48 (1810)
= Mahawoa Schltr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34(2): 2 (1916)
= Monostemma Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou (1848) I. 255
= Nematostemma Choux; Compt. Rend. clxxii. 1310 (1921)
= Odontanthera Wight; Madras J. Lit. Sci. 7: 142 (1838)
= Pattalias S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 60 (1889), K. Schum. in Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 255 (1895)
= Pentarrhinum E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 199 (1837)
= Perianthostelma Baill.; (1890)
= Platykeleba N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: Soc. 250 (1895)
= Prosopostelma Baill.; Hist. des pl. 10: 247 (1890), K. Schum. in Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 227 (1895)
= Psanchum Neck.; Elem. 1: 254 (1790)
= Pycnoneurum Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 340 (1838)
= Raphistemma Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 50 (1831)
= Rhodostegiella (Pobed.) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28(6): 465 (1990)
= Roulinia Decne.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 516 (1844)
= Rouliniella Vail; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 662 (1902)
= Sarcocyphula Harv.; Thes. Cap. 2: 58. t. 191 (1863)
= Sarcolemma Griseb. ex Lorentz; Veget. Nord. Entre Rios, 80 (1878)
= Sarcostemma R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 463 (1810)
= Sarmasikia Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 550 (1897)
= Schizostephanus Hochst. ex Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. 2: 762 (1876)
= Seshagiria Ansari & Hemadri; Indian Forester 97(3): 126 (1971)
= Sichuania M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li; Novon 5: 12 (1995)
= Steinheilia Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 339. t. 12 (1838)
= Symphyoglossum Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21: I. 255 (1848), nom. rej.
= Telminostelma E.Fourn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(4): 218 (1885)
= Urostelma Bunge; Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 44 (in Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 2:. 118) (1835)
= Voharanga Costantin & Bois; Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 147: 259 (1998)
= Vohemaria Buchenau; Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 10: 372 (1889)
= Ziervoglia Neck.; Elem. 1: 254 (1790)

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life