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Ver. 25.02
Feb. 25th, 2025

282.0000 Family Malvaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 271 (1789), nom. cons.
249 genera, ca. 5400 spp.
Species listed in database: 5509; hybrids: 40
= Berryaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxvii (2001), Family
= Bombacaceae Kunth; Malvac., Büttner., Tiliac. 5 (1822), nom. cons.
= Brownlowiaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Byttneriaceae R.Br.; Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 540 (1814), nom. cons.
= Chiranthodendraceae A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 303 (1887)
= Dombeyaceae Desf.; Tabl. Ecole Bot., ed. 3: 252 (1829), nom. cons.
= Durionaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Grewiaceae Doweld & Reveal; Reveal, Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 71: 100 (2005)
= Helicteraceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858), Family
= Hermanniaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég. 52 (1820)
= Hibiscaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 275 (1858)
= Lasiopetalaceae Rchb.; Mag. Aesth. Bot. 1(2): ad t. 37 (1823)
= Mansoniaceae A.Chev.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 38(1): 852 (1913)
= Melochiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 271 (1858)
= Pentapetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Philippodendraceae A.Juss.; V. V. D. d´Orbigny, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 9: 735 (1847)
= Plagianthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 272 (1858)
= Sidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Sparrmanniaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 260 (1858)
= Sterculiaceae Vent.; Parad. Lond. 2: ad t. 69 (1807), nom. cons.
= Theobromataceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858)
= Tiliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 289 (1789), nom. cons.
282.2403 Genus Commersonia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.; Char. Gen. Pl., ed. 1: 22 (1775)
Distribution: mostly Australia, few to Southeast Asia, Pacific, Madagascar
Species listed in database: 26
= Achilleopsis Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 22(2): 9 (1849)
= Disaster Gilli; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 83: 454 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Pimia Seem.; Bonplandia (Hannover) 10: 366 (1862)
= Restiaria Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 81 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Rulingia R.Br.; Bot. Mag. t. 2191 (1820)
species :
Commersonia amystia C.F.Wilkins & L.M.Copel.; Telopea 12(1): 60 (2008)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Commersonia apella C.F.Wilkins; Austral. Syst. Bot. 24(4-5): 236 (2011)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Commersonia bartramia (L.) Merr.; Interpr. Herb. Amboin. 362 (1917)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, S-Yunnan); peninsular Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Java; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Queensland, New South Wales); New Caledonia; Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Fiji; Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl., ´Uvea Isl. [Wallis]); [Western] Samoa (´Upolu, Savai´i); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Raiatea, Moorea, Tahaa); Palau (Babeldaob, Koror); Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Truk, Moen, Dublon, Tol, Udot, Fefan, Uman, Pohnpei, Kosrae)
36 CHI 41 CBD LAO THA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 FIJ NWC SAM SCZ VAN WAL 61 SCI 62 MIC PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Byttneria caledonica Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(1): 568 (1863)
= Byttneria hypoleuca Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 207 (1858)
= Commersonia echinata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.; Char. Gen. Pl., ed. 2: 44 (1776), nom. illeg.
= Commersonia echinata var. bancroftii F.M.Bailey; Queensland Agric. J. 24(2): 60 (1910)
= Commersonia echinata var. javana Gagnep.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 97 (1909)
= Commersonia echinata var. platyphylla (Andrews) Gagnep.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 1: 521 (1911)
= Commersonia javensis G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 523 (1831)
= Commersonia platyphylla Andrews; Bot. Repos. t. 603 (1797)
= Commersonia platyphylla var. lechenaultii DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 486 (1824)
= Commersonia rhamnoides (Seem.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 138 (2018)
= Muntingia bartramia L.; Amoen. Acad., Linnaeus ed. 4: 124 (1759)
= Pimia rhamnoides Seem.; Bonplandia (Hannover) 10: 366 (1862)
= Restiaria echinata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 81 (1891)
= Restiaria echinata var. platyphylla (Andrews) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 81 (1891)
species :
Commersonia borealis (E.Pritz.) C.F.Wilkins & Whitlock; Austral. Syst. Bot. 24(4-5): 243 (2011)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Rulingia borealis (E.Pritz.) C.F.Wilkins; Nuytsia 15(3): 518 (2005)
= Rulingia malvifolia var. borealis E.Pritz.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 35(2-3): 369 (1904)
species :
Commersonia breviseta C.F.Wilkins & L.M.Copel.; Telopea 12(1): 65 (2008)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria)
50 AUS
species :
Commersonia corniculata (Sm.) K.A.Sheph. & C.F.Wilkins; Nuytsia 29: 67 (2018)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Commersonia cygnorum Steud.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 237 (1845)
= Lasiopetalum corniculatum Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 20 (1812)
= Restiaria cygnorum (Steud.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 81 (1891)
= Rulingia cygnorum (Steud.) C.A.Gardner; Enum. Pl. Austral. Occ. 80 (1931)
= Rulingia malvifolia Steetz; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 2: 356 (1848), nom. illeg. superfl.
species :
Commersonia corylifolia (Graham) C.F.Wilkins & Whitlock; Austral. Syst. Bot. 24(4-5): 247 (2011)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Commersonia preissii Steud.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 238 (1845)
= Lasiopetalum corylifolium (Graham) J.Forbes; Hort. Woburn. 44 (1833)
= Restiaria corylifolia (Graham) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
= Rulingia corylifolia Graham; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 171 (1832)
species :
Commersonia craurophylla (F.Muell.) F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 9: 59 (1875)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Restiaria craurophylla (F.Muell.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
= Rulingia coacta S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 34: 180 (1899)
= Rulingia craurophylla F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 9: 59 (1875)
= Rulingia tratmannii C.R.P.Andrews; J. Western Australia Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 37 (1904)
species :
Commersonia dasyphylla Andrews; Bot. Repos., t. 603 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Byttneria dasyphylla (Andrews) J.Gay; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 486 (1824)
= Byttneria inodora J.Gay ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 486 (1824)
= Byttneria pannosa (R.Br.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 486 (1824)
= Commersonia fraseri Sieber ex Steetz; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 2(2-3): 352 (1848), non J. Gay 1823
= Lasiopetalum tomentosum Cels ex J.Gay; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 200 (1823), pro syn.
= Restiaria dasyphylla (Andrews) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
= Restiaria fraseri (Sieber ex Steetz) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
= Rulingia dasyphylla (Andrews) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 55 (1826)
= Rulingia pannosa R.Br.; Bot. Mag. 48: t. 2191 (1820)
species :
Commersonia densiflora (Turcz.) F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 10: 21 (1877)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Achilleopsis densiflora Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 22(2): 10 (1849)
= Restiaria densiflora (Turcz.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
= Rulingia densiflora (Turcz.) Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 241 (1863)
species :
Commersonia erythrogyna C.F.Wilkins; Austral. Syst. Bot. 24(4-5): 257 (2011)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Commersonia gilva C.F.Wilkins; Austral. Syst. Bot. 24(4-5): 259 (2011)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Commersonia grandiflora (Endl.) C.F.Wilkins & Whitlock; Austral. Syst. Bot. 24(4-5): 261 (2011)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Commersonia cinerea Steud.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 288 (1845)
= Restiaria grandiflora (Endl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
= Rulingia althaeifolia Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 25(2): 151 (1852)
= Rulingia grandiflora Endl.; Enum. Pl. [Endlicher] 12 (1837)
species :
Commersonia hermanniifolia (J.Gay ex DC.) F.Muell.; Syst. Census Austr. Pl. 16 (1882)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Byttneria hermanniifolia (J.Gay ex Kunth) J.Gay; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 204 (1823)
= Lasiopetalum dumosum G.Lodd.; Bot. Cab. 15: t. 1564 (1830), nomen
= Restiaria hermanniifolia (J.Gay ex DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
= Rulingia hermaniifolia (J.Gay ex Kunth) Endl.; Cat. Horti Vindob. 2: 358 (1842)
= Rulingia oblongifolia Steetz; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 2: 353 (1848)
species :
Commersonia kempeana F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 11: 113 (1878)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Restiaria kampeana (F.Muell.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
species :
Commersonia macrostipulata Guymer; Austrobaileya 7(2): 367 (2006)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Commersonia madagascariensis (Baker) C.F.Wilkins & Whitlock; Austral. Syst. Bot. 24(4-5): 267 (2011)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Restiaria madagascariensis (Baker) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
= Rulingia madagascariensis Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 104 (1883)
= Rulingia madagascariensis subsp. andringitrensis (Hochr.) Arènes; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 7: 80 (1956)
= Rulingia madagascariensis var. andringitrensis Hochr.; Candollea 3: 145 (1926)
= Rulingia madagascariensis var. hildebrandtii Baill. ex Arènes; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 7: 80 (1956)
= Rulingia madagascariensis var. luteohirta Arènes; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 7: 81 (1956)
= Rulingia madagascariensis var. perrieri Arènes; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 7: 81 (1956)
species :
Commersonia magniflora (F.Muell.) F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 11: 114 (1881)
subspecies :
subsp. magniflora
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Rulingia magniflora F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 8: 223 (1874)
= Restiaria magniflora (F.Muell.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
subspecies :
subsp. oblongifolia C.F.Wilkins; Austral. Syst. Bot. 24(4-5): 270 (2011)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Commersonia novoguinensis (Gilli) Guymer; Austrobaileya 7(1): 241 (2005)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Disaster novoguinensis Gilli; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 83: 454 (1980) (Rhamnaceae)
species :
Commersonia obliqua Guymer; Austrobaileya 7(1): 239 (2005)
Distribution: Vanuatu
60 VAN
species :
Commersonia parviflora (Endl.) F.Muell.; Syst. Census Austr. Pl. 16 (1882)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Commersonia platycalyx (Benth.) F.Muell.; Syst. Census Austral. Pl. 1: 16 (1882)
= Lasiopetalum dumosum Steetz; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 2: 356 (1848)
= Lasiopetalum prostratum Steetz; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 2: 356 (1848)
= Restiaria parviflora (Endl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
= Restiaria platycalyx (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
= Rulingia corylifolia Steud.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 237 (1845)
= Rulingia nana Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 25(2): 150 (1852)
= Rulingia parviflora Endl.; Enum. Pl. [Endlicher] 12 (1837)
= Rulingia platycalyx Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 240 (1863)
= Thomasia dumosa J.Forbes; Hort. Woburn. 44 (1833)
= Thomasia prostrata Steetz; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 2: 356 (1848), pro syn.
species :
Commersonia prostrata (Maiden & Betche) C.F.Wilkins & Whitlock; Austral. Syst. Bot. 24(4-5): 274 (2011)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Victoria)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Rulingia prostrata Maiden & Betche; Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 23: 18 (1898)
species :
Commersonia rotundifolia (Turcz.) F.Muell.; Syst. Census Austr. Pl. 16 (1882)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Rulingia rotundifolia Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 25(2): 152 (1852)
= Restiaria rotundifolia (Turcz.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
species :
Commersonia rugosa (Steetz) F.Muell.; Syst. Census Austr. Pl. 16 (1882)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Restiaria rugosa (Steetz) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 81 (1891)
= Rulingia cistifolia Steetz; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 2: 354 (1848)
= Rulingia cristifolia A.Cunn. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 240 (1863), pro syn.
= Rulingia rugosa Steetz; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 2: 352 (1848)
species :
Commersonia salviifolia (Hook. ex Steetz) F.Muell.; Syst. Census Austr. Pl. 16 (1882)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Restiaria salviifolia (Hook. ex Steetz) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 81 (1891)
= Rulingia salviifolia (Hook. ex Steetz) Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 1: 238 (1863)
= Thomasia salvifolia Hook. ex Steetz; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 2: 333 (1848)
species :
Commersonia tahitensis (Dorr) C.F.Wilkins & Whitlock; Austral. Syst. Bot. 24(4-5): 281 (2011)
Distribution: Society Isl.
61 SCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Commersonia bartramia var. tahitensis Dorr; Fl. Polynésie Franç. [Florence] 2: 179 (2004)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.02 (February 25th, 2025)

Covering 356,018 accepted species,
8,776 hybrids, 48,085 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,254 synonyms,
in total 1,415,133* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life