450.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Comment. Bot. 55 (1822)

1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and other recent publications. Barnadesioideae might be its own family, related to Calyceraceae.

Species listed in database: 35141; hybrids: 686

= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)

= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820), nom. cons.

= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)

= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. N. Amer. 4: 106 (1838)

= Arctotaceae Bessey; Nebraska Univ. Stud. 14: 107 (1914)

= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)

= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 48 (1820)

= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 56 (1820)

= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)

= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)

= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)

= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)

= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 168 (1789), nom. cons.

= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 297 (1818)

= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl.: 538 (1792), nom. cons.

= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 768 (1829)

= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)

= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)

= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 253 (1820)

= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg.: 46 (1830)

= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)

= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)

= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)

= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 712 (1829)

= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)

= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)

= Lactucaceae Drude; J. A. Schenk, Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)

= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)

= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)

= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 400 (1845)

= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)

= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch.: 290 (1836)

= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 816 (1829)

= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 728 (1829)

= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 482 (1820)

= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 560 (1820)

= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)

= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 577 (1820)

= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 298 (1818)

= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)

= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch.: 296 (1836)

= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 298 (1818)

= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 498 (1843)

450.3221 Genus Cirsium Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abridg. Ed. 4 (1754)

Distribution: N- and Central America, temp. Eurasia, many in Japan (66), few N- and trop. Africa. Many microspecies with uncertain status in Japan, and species delimitation in the Rocky Mountains remains controversial. The E-tropical African populations have recently been separated as Afrocirsium and Nuriaea.

Species listed in database: 378; hybrids: 87

species :

Cirsium acantholepis (Hemsl.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 211 (1910)

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Queretaro, Tlaxcala)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus acantholepis Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1892 363 (1892)

= Cirsium acantholepis var. heterolepis Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 212 (1910)

= Cnicus acantholepis Hemsl.; Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 251 (1881)

species :

Cirsium acaule (L.) Scop.; Annus Hist.-Nat. 2: 62 (1769)

subspecies :

subsp. acaule

Name: Stängellose Kratzdistel (DE)

Distribution: England; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; N-Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Sardinia; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania

10 DEN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA SAR SPA 13 BIH CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 EST LAT LIT

Remarks: spelling of the epithet ´acaule´ vs. ´acaulon´ highly disputed

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus acaulis L.; Sp. Pl.: 1199 (1753)

= Carduus acaulis var. caulescens Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 242 (1824)

= Carduus acaulis var. caulescens Pers.; 389 (1807)

= Carduus acaulis var. dubius (Willd.) Merrem; 364 (1809)

= Carduus acaulos L.; Sp. Pl. 1199 (1753)

= Carduus caulescens Pers. ex Steud.; Nom. ed. I. 151 (1821)

= Carduus gmelinii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 152 (1821)

= Carduus mollis Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3(1): 17 (1788)

= Carduus rosenii Vill.; Gilibert, Syst. Pl. Eur. 1: 91 (1786)

= Carduus spinosissimus Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 2: 743 (1846), nom. inval.

= Carduus spinosus Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 2: 743 (1846)

= Carlina acaulis (L.) Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 156 (1812)

= Cirsium acaule var. caulescens (Boenn.) Lej.; Lej. & Court., Comp. Fl. Belg. 3: 125 (1836)

= Cirsium acaulon f. caulescens (W.D.J.Koch & Ziz) Lindm.; 549 (1918)

= Cirsium acaulon f. multiflorum (Ducommun) Hegi; 877 (1928)

= Cirsium acaulon f. pluriflorum Moritzi; 404 (1832)

= Cirsium acaulon var. caulescens (Pers.) Bluff & Fingerh.; 321 (1825)

= Cirsium acaulon var. rosenii (Vill.) Rchb.; XXVII (1833)

= Cirsium acaulos Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 131 (1771), orth. var.

= Cirsium allionii Spenn.; Fl. Friburg. 3: 1079 (1829)

= Cirsium decipiens Nyman; Syll. Suppl. 4

= Cirsium exigium Bubani; Fl. Pyrenees 2: 137 2: 137 (1899)

= Cirsium fallax Franch.; Billot, Annot. Fl. France Allemagne: 109 (1856)

= Cirsium gmelinii Tausch; Flora 11: 482 (1828)

= Cirsium rosenii Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauph. 3: 14, t. 21 (1788)

= Cnicus acaulis (L.) Willd.; Fl. Berol. Prodr.: 260 (1787)

= Cnicus acaulis var. dubius (Willd.) Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris: 316 (1812)

= Cnicus acaulis var. caulescens Roth; 346 (1788), nom. inval., et 288 (1793)

= Cnicus dubius Willd.; Prod. Fl. Berl. 260 (1787)

= Onotrophe acaulis (L.) Cass.; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2. 36: 146 (1825)

= Polyacantha acaulis (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. 1: 71 (1769)

subspecies :

subsp. gregarium (Boiss. ex DC.) Talavera; Lagascalia 4(2): 291 (1974)

Distribution: S- & SE-Spain (mountains)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium acaule subsp. gregarium (Boiss. ex DC.) Werner; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 70: 19 (1975), isonym

= Cirsium acaule var. gregarium Boiss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 7: 305 (1838)

= Cirsium gregarium (Boiss. ex DC.) Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prod. Fl. Hisp. 2: 189 (1865)

species :

Cirsium acrolepis (Petr.) G.B.Ownbey; Phytologia 50: 317 (1982)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium occidentale subsp. acrolepis Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 66 (1911)

species :

Cirsium aidzuense Nakai ex Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 174 (1933)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium akimontanum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 35(4): 190 (-192, 195; figs. 1-2, 5) (2009)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium akimotoi Kadota & Mas.Saito; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 34(4): 146 (2008)

Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium alatum (S.G.Gmel.) Bobrov; Bot. zur. 43: 1547 (1958)

Distribution: E-Romania; E-Bulgaria; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (Central Anatolia, E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Israel (Rift Valley); China (Xinjiang)

13 BUL ROM 14 MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ ISR TUR 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Fisch. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 283 (1840)

= Carduus polyanthemus Boeber; Neueste B. Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Völkerbeschreib. 6: 261 (1793), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium desertorum Fisch. ex Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 300 (1822)

= Cirsium desertorum var. integerrimum Trautv.

= Cirsium desertorum var. sinuatolobum Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(2): 376 (1866)

= Cirsium desertorum var. subintegerrima Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(2): 376 (1866)

= Cirsium duriusculum K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 410 (1851)

= Cirsium elodes M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucasus 3: 555 (1819)

= Cirsium elodes var. setigerum (Ledeb.) Krylov

= Cirsium elodes var. sinuatolobatum (Trautv.) O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkest. 4: 284 (1911)

= Cirsium elodes var. subintegerrimum (Trautv.) O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkest. 4: 284 (1911)

= Cirsium setigerum Ledeb.; Icon. Pl. 1: 9 (1829)

= Cirsium viride Velen. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2(1): 181 (1889)

= Cnicus desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 3: 42 (1834)

= Serratula alata S.G.Gmel.; Reise 1: 155 (1770)

species :

Cirsium alberti Regel & Schmalh.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 318. (1879)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; China (Xinjiang)

32 KAZ KGZ 36 CHI

species :

Cirsium albowianum Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 153 (1892)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium svaneticum var. albowianum (Sommier & H.Lév.) Kharadze; (1952)

species :

Cirsium alpicola Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 26: 321 (1912)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium greatrexii Miyabe & Kudô; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 6: 175 (1917)

= Cirsium inundatum subsp. alpicola (Nakai) Kitam.; (1937)

= Cirsium inundatum var. alpicolum (Nakai) Ohwi; (1953)

species :

Cirsium alpis-lunae Brilli-Catt. & Gubellini; Webbia, 46(1): 9 (1991)

Name: Alpe della Luna Thistle

Distribution: C-Italy (Arezzo)

13 ITA

species :

Cirsium alsophilum (Pollini) Soldano; Boll. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Verona 18: 346 (1991 publ. 1994)

Distribution: Switzerland; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Kosovo; Albania

11 SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB CRO ITA KOS SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium alsophilum (Pollini) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

= Cirsium montanum (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 3: 376 (1826), nom. illeg., non Hill 1769

= Cnicus alsophilus Pollini; Fl. Veron. 2: 620 (1822)

= Cnicus montanus Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1676 (1803)

= Cnicus rivularis subsp. allionii Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 406 (1882)

species :

Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 3: 373 (1826)

Name: Tall or roadside thistle

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia, Wisconsin)

74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus altissimus L.; Sp. Pl. 824 (1753)

= Cirsium altissimum f. moorei Steyerm.; Rhodora 41: 585 (1939)

= Cirsium altissimum var. biltmoreanum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 401 (1917)

= Cirsium diversifolium DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 649 (1838)

= Cirsium filipendulum Engelm.; A. Gray, Man. Bot. N. U. St. ed. V. 273 (1867)

= Cirsium iowense (Pammel) Fernald; Rhodora 10: 94 (1908)

= Cirsium iowense var. crattyii Pammel ex Wolden; Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 39: 131 (1933)

= Cnicus altissimus (L.) Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1671 (1803)

= Cnicus iowensis Pammel; Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 8: 231 (1901)

= Cnicus iowensis var. crattyii Pammel; Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 8: 231 (1901)

species :

Cirsium amplexifolium (Nakai) Kitam.; Cirsium Nov. Or.-Asiat. 16 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium nipponicum var. amplexifolium Nakai; (1912)

= Cirsium sendaicum f. albiflorum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 40(2): 84 (2014)

= Cirsium sendaicum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 536 (1930)

= Cirsium tobai Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 46: 620 (1932)

form :

f. albiflorum Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus., B (Tokyo), 24(4): 152 (1998)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

variant :

var. muraii (Kitam.) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ., ser. B, 13: 123 (1937)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium muraii Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 5 (1934)

species :

Cirsium andersonii (A.Gray) Petr.; Bot. Tiddsskr. 31: 68 (1911)

Name: Anderson´s or rose thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Nevada)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus andersonii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 44 (1874)

= Carduus andersonii (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 362 (1893)

species :

Cirsium andrewsii (A.Gray) Jeps.; Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 506 (1901)

Name: Franciscan thistle

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus amplifolius Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 363 (1893)

= Carduus andrewsii Greene; Fl. Francisc.: 478 (1897)

= Cirsium amplifolium Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 327 (1917)

= Cnicus amplifolius (A.Gray) Greene; Pittonia 1: 70 (1887)

= Cnicus andrewsii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 45 (1874)

species :

Cirsium aomorense Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 26: 364 (1912)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium maximowiczii Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 26: 379 (1912)

= Cirsium yesoanum Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 26: 376 (1912)

species :

Cirsium apoense Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 46: 629 (1932)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium kamtschaticum subsp. apoense (Nakai) Kitam. ex Shimizu; (1982)

species :

Cirsium appendiculatum Griseb.; Spicil. Fl. Rumel. 2: 250 (1846)

Distribution: Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of N- and C-Greece)

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS MNT NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium appendiculatum f. albiflorum Delip.; Thaiszia 2: 64 (1992 publ. 1993)

= Cirsium appendiculatum f. pantocsekii (Rohlena) Gajic; Fl. SR Srbije 7: 217 (1975)

= Cirsium appendiculatum var. pantocsekii Rohlena

species :

Cirsium arctorhaphis G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 13 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium argyracanthum Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 640-641 (1837)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Wardak, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); China (NW-Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Murree, Pakistani Punjab, Kurram, Chitral, Hazara, Gilgit); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim)

34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus argyracanthus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2903 (1831), nomen

= Cirsium royleanum Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 335 (1846)

= Cirsium stenobracteatum Gilli; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 97 (1963)

= Cirsium tibeticum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15(2): 43, f. 5 (1953)

= Cnicus argyracanthus (Wall. ex DC.) C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 218 (1876)

= Echenais cirsioides DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 661 (1838)

species :

Cirsium arisanense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 148 (1932)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium arisanense f. purpurescens Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., ser. B, Biol. 13: 79 (1937)

species :

Cirsium arizonicum (A.Gray) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68 (1911)

Name: Arizona thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah); Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus arizonicus (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 362 (1893)

= Carduus nidulus (M.E.Jones) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 6 (1900)

= Cirsium arizonicum var. nidulum (M.E.Jones) S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Nat., 43(2): 248 (1983)

= Cirsium nidulum (M.E.Jones) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1011 (1917) ex Petr.

= Cnicus arizonicus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 44 (1874)

= Cnicus nidulus M.E.Jones; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 5: 705 (1895)

variant :

var. rothrockii (A.Gray) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 210 (2004)

Name: Rothrock´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico)

76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus rothrockii Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 362 (1893)

= Cirsium rothrockii (A.Gray) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68 (1911)

= Cnicus rothrockii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 220 (1881 publ. 1882)

= Cnicus rothrockii var. diffusus Eastw.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 6: 303 (1896)

variant :

var. tenuisectum D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 210 (2004)

Name: Desert mountains thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

species :

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 126 (1771)

Name: Acker-Kratzdistel (DE)

Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England; Northern Ireland; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece ; S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Algeria [I]; Azores; South Africa [I] (Mpulamanga [I], E-Cape Prov. [I]); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Ghazni, Ghorat, Helmand, Herat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Wardak, Nangarhar, Qunduz, Paktia / Khost, Takhar); China (Gansu, Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia; South Korea [I]; Pakistan (widespread); Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Bangladesh; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], N. W. T. [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Brazil [I] (Minas Gerais [I]); Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Falkland Isl. [I]

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 alg 21 AZO 27 saf 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 kor 40 BAN IND NEP PAK 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 84 bra 85 arg cle 91 fal

Synonyms: hidden

= Aplotaxis pungens DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 539 (1838)

= Breea arvensis (L.) Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 9 (1832)

= Breea dioica (Cass.) Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 10 (1832)

= Breea ochrolepidea (Juz.) Soják; Novit. Bot. & Del. Sem. Hort. Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag., 47 (1962)

= Breea praealta (Cass.) Less.; Syn. Compos. 10 (1832)

= Breea setosa (Willd.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18: 79 (1959)

= Carduus arvensis (L.) Robson; Brit. Fl. 163 (1777)

= Carduus arvensis subsp. setosus (Willd.) Hook.f.; 192 (1870)

= Carduus arvensis var. latifolius Bab.; 172 (1843)

= Carduus arvensis var. setosus (Willd.) Franch.; Pl. David. 1: 178 (1884)

= Carduus haemorrhoidalis DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 643 (1838)

= Carduus serratuloides Neck.; Delic. Gallo-Belg. 338 (1768) non L. 1753

= Carduus setosus (Willd.) Bab.; Gard. Chron. 718 (1844)

= Cephalonoplos arvensis (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 17: 95 (1869)

= Cephalonoplos ochrolepidium (Juz.) Juz.; Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S., ser. I. Fasc. 4, 290 (1937)

= Cephalonoplos setosum (Willd.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 8 (1934)

= Cephalonoplos setosus (Willd.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 8 (1934)

= Cirsium albicans Willk.; Linnaea 30: 109 (1859)

= Cirsium albiflorum (Kitag.) Kitag.; Lin. Fl. Manshur. 447 (1939)

= Cirsium argenteum Peyer ex Vest; Flora 12(1, Beibl.): 57 (1829)

= Cirsium argunense DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 644 (1837)

= Cirsium arvense f. albiflorum (E.L.Rand & Redfield) R.Hoffm.; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 340 (1922)

= Cirsium arvense f. albiflorum Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 1: 319 (1937), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium arvense f. argenteum (Vest) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 245 (1891)

= Cirsium arvense f. horridum (E.Wimm. & Grab.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 245 (1891)

= Cirsium arvense f. incanum (Beck) Gajic; Fl. SR Srbije 7: 202 (1975), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium arvense f. mite (E.Wimm. & Grab.) Vollm.; 759 (1914)

= Cirsium arvense f. rubricaule Lepage; Naturaliste Canad. 89: 79 (1962)

= Cirsium arvense subsp. setosum (Willd.) Iljin; Fedtsch., Fl. Yugo-Vost. Evropy Chast. SSSR 6: 408 (1936)

= Cirsium arvense subsp. vestitum (E.Wimm. & Grab.) Petr.

= Cirsium arvense var. albiflorum Wirtg.; 107 (1841)

= Cirsium arvense var. argenteum (Peyer ex Vest) Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 368 (1904), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium arvense var. argenteum Treuinf.; Cirs. Tirol: 289 (1875), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium arvense var. decurrens Torges; 28 (1901)

= Cirsium arvense var. decurrens Wallr.; Linnaea 14: 636 (1840)

= Cirsium arvense var. discolor Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr.: 392 (1858)

= Cirsium arvense var. ferox Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 3: 23 (1838)

= Cirsium arvense var. horridum E.Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 2(2): 92 (1829)

= Cirsium arvense var. incanum Beck; non S. G. Gmel.

= Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium K.Koch; Syn. Pl. Germ. ed. 1: 400 (1837), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium arvense var. malhoi Giraudias; Bull. Soc. Études Sci. Angers 1889: 38 (1890)

= Cirsium arvense var. maritimum Fr.; Fl. Hall.: 130 (1819)

= Cirsium arvense var. mite E.Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 2(2): 92 (1829)

= Cirsium arvense var. niveotomentosum Wender.; 280 (1846)

= Cirsium arvense var. setosum (Willd.) Hohen.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 282 (1838)

= Cirsium arvense var. setosum (Willd.) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 2: 735 (1845)

= Cirsium arvense var. setosum (Willd.) Wirtg.; 258 (1857)

= Cirsium arvense var. spinosissimum Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr.: 391 (1858)

= Cirsium arvense var. spinosissimum Ortmann; Glückselig, 86 (1842), nom. inval.

= Cirsium arvense var. subulatum (Ledeb.) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 2: 735 (1845)

= Cirsium arvense var. tomentosum J.Becker; Fl. Frankfurt. 1: 498 (1828)

= Cirsium arvense var. tomentosum Lej.; Lej. & Court., Comp. Fl. Belg. 3: 125 (1836), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium arvense var. vestitum E.Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 2(2): 92 (1829)

= Cirsium dioicum Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2, 27: 190 (1823)

= Cirsium halophilum Turcz. ex Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 43: (1870) I. 83

= Cirsium horridum (E.Wimm. & Grab.) Stankov; Opred. Vyssh. Rast. Evr. Chasti SSSR: 664 (1949), nom. illeg., later homonym

= Cirsium laevigatum Tausch; Flora 11: 483 (1828)

= Cirsium macrostylon (Moretti) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 856 (1832)

= Cirsium mutatum Menyh.; Kal. Vid. Növ. 102 (1877)

= Cirsium neglectum Fisch. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 370 (1826)

= Cirsium ochrolepidium Juz.; Sornye Rast. S.S.S.R. 4: 287 (1935)

= Cirsium praealtum Cass.; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2. 41: 333 (1826)

= Cirsium rubricaule Novopokr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 62: 317 (1929), in adnot.

= Cirsium ruthenicum Fisch.; Cat. Jard. Gorenki, ed. 2: 35 (1812)

= Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Besser; Cat. Hort. Cremeneci: 39 (1816)

= Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Besser ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 560 (1819)

= Cirsium setosum f. albiflorum (Kitag.) Kitag.

= Cirsium setosum var. mite (E.Wimm. & Grab.) Tzvelev; Fl. Evropeiskoi Chasti SSSR 7: 244 (1994)

= Cirsium setosum var. subulatum Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. 4: 10 (1833)

= Cirsium sordidum Wallr.; Erst. Beitr. Fl. Hercyn.: 266 (1840)

= Cirsium stocksii Boiss.; Diagn. Ser. II. 3: 40 (1856)

= Cnicus arvensis (L.) Hoffm.; Deutschl. Fl. 2: 130 (1804), isonym

= Cnicus arvensis (L.) Roth; Catal. Bot. 1: 115 (1797)

= Cnicus arvensis (L.) Wibel; 172 (1799), isonym

= Cnicus arvensis f. albiflorus E.L.Rand & Redfield; Fl. Mt. Desert Isl.: 120 (1894)

= Cnicus arvensis subsp. microstylon (Rchb.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 407 (1882)

= Cnicus arvensis var. setosus (Willd.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 19(5): 511 (1874)

= Cnicus macrostylus Moretti; Giorn. Fis. Chim. Storia Nat. Med. Arti, Dec. 2 7: 102 (1824)

= Cnicus ruthenicus J.Henning; Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 6: 78 (1828)

= Cnicus setosus (Willd.) Besser; Prim. Fl. Galic. 2: 172 (1809)

= Cynara repens Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 152 (1812)

= Ixine arvensis (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. 1: 74 (1769)

= Saussurea pungens (DC.) Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 330 (1846)

= Serratula arvensis L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 820 (1753)

= Serratula arvensis var. campestris Schweigg.; 217 (1812)

= Serratula campestris Schweigg. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 671 (1838)

= Serratula complanata Schweigg.; Hagen, Chlor. Boruss. 303 (1819)

= Serratula corymbosofastigiata Krock.; 274 (1823)

= Serratula integrifolia Krock.; 277 (1823)

= Serratula lanata Poir.; Encyc. 6: 565 (1805)

= Serratula setosa Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3(3): 1664 (1803)

= Serratula spinosa Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 3: 184 (1782), opus utique oppr.

variant :

var. alpestre Nägeli; Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Gesammten Naturwiss. 5(1): 104 (1840)

Distribution: Switzerland; SE-France; China (Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang); Tibet; N-India

11 SWI 12 FRA 36 CHI TIB 40 IND

Remarks: a high altitude ecotype which can occur in the whole range of the species

Synonyms: hidden

= Aplotaxis cirsioides DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 540 (1838)

= Carduus lanatus (Willd.) Roxb. ex Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 6: 565 (1805)

= Cephalonoplos arvensis var. alpestris (Nageli) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15(2): 42-43 (1953)

= Cirsium arvense var. argenteum Bréb.; Fl. Normandie, éd. 4: 72 (1869)

= Cirsium lanatum (Roxb. ex Willd.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 3: 373 (1826)

= Cnicus lanatus Roxb. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1671 (1803)

variant :

var. integrifolium E.Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 2(2): 92 (1829)

Distribution: England [I]; Germany [I]; Estonia [I]; Belarus [I]; Kazakhstan; China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)

10 grb 11 ger 14 blr est 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Breea segeta f. lactiflora (Nakai) W.Lee; Lineamenta Florae Koreae 1110 (1996)

= Breea segetum (Bunge) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18: 79 (1959)

= Breea segetum f. lactiflora (Nakai) W.Lee; Fl. Korea: 1110 (1996)

= Carduus segetum (Bunge) Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, 6: 57 (1883)

= Carduus setosus Bab.; Gard. Chron. 1844: 718 (1844) non Willd.

= Cephalonoplos segetum (Bunge) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3(1): 8 (1934)

= Cephalonoplos segetum f. lactiflora (Nakai) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., ser. B, Biol. 13: 24 (1937)

= Cirsium integrifolium (E.Wimm. & Grab.) L.Q.Zhao & Y.Z.Zhao; Key Vasc. Pl. Inner Mongolia 274 (2014)

= Cirsium segetum Bunge; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg Divers Savans 2: 110 (1833)

= Cirsium segetum f. lactiflora Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 356 (1912)

= Cnicus segetum (Bunge) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 19: 511 (1874)

variant :

var. vestitum Krock. ex E.Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 2(2): 92 (1829)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran; Afghanistan; China (Xinjiang)

11 ger 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium arvense subsp. incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Iljin; Fl. Yugo-Vost. Evropy Chast. SSSR 6: 408 (1936)

= Cirsium arvense var. incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 2: 735 (1845)

= Cirsium incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Fisch. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 561 (1819)

= Serratula incana S.G.Gmel.; Reise Russland 1: 155 (1770)

species :

Cirsium ashinokuraense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 31(1): 42 (2005)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium ashiuense S.Yokoy. & T.Shimizu; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon., 44(1-2): 19 (1996)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium austrohidakaense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 39(3): 121 (2013)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium ayasii H.Duman & Dirmenci; Bagbahce Bilim Derg. 7(3): 36 (2020)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Cirsium babanum Koidz.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 38: 93 (1924)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium badakhschanicum Kharadze; Kom., Fl. U.R.S.S. 28: 144, 604 (1963)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Cirsium barnebyi S.L.Welsh & Neese; Brittonia 33(3): 296 (1981)

Name: Barneby´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA

species :

Cirsium basaseachense G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 21 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium bertolonii Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 377 (1826)

Distribution: Italy (Appennini, Alpi Apuane)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium spinosissimum subsp. bertolonii (Spreng.) Werner; Bot J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 70(1): 18 (1975)

= Cirsium spinosissimum var. bertolonii (Spreng.) Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 377 (1904)

= Cnicus bertolonii (Spreng.) F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 3: 40 (1834)

= Cnicus horridus Bertol.; Amoen. Ital.: 104 (1819), nom. illeg.

species :

Cirsium bicentenariale Rzed.; Acta Bot. Mex. 29: 101 (1994)

Distribution: Mexico (Queretaro)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena

species :

Cirsium bitchuense Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 26: 374 (1912)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium bitchuense var. manisanense Kitam.; (1937)

= Cirsium indefensum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 40 (1933)

species :

Cirsium bocoynense G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 25 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena

species :

Cirsium boninense Koidz.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 28: 172 (1914)

Distribution: Bonin Isl. (Keetaajima, Chichijima, Nakohdojima, Minamijima, Anijima, Otohtojima, Nishinoshima, Hahajima)

38 OGA

species :

Cirsium borealinipponense Kitam.et al. ex Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 31: 44 (1980)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium japonicum var. nipponense Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 60 (1911)

= Cirsium nipponense (Nakai) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 93 (1924), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium maximowiczii var. nipponense (Nakai) Nakai; (1912)

species :

Cirsium botryodes Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 63: 109 (1926)

Distribution: China (W-Guizhou, W-Hunan, S-Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium griseum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325-330): 284 (1913), not (Rydb.) Cockerell (1911)

= Cirsium heleophilum Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 63: 108 (1926)

= Cirsium mairei (H.Lév.) H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(317-321): 189 (1913), et Cat. Pl. Yunnan, 41 (1916), not Halácsy (1908)

= Cirsium yunnanense Petr.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 75: 152 (1971)

= Cnicus mairei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11(286-290): 307 (1912)

species :

Cirsium brachycephalum Jur.; Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 7: 99 (1857)

Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania

11 AUT CZE HUN SLO 13 CRO KOS ROM SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium chailletii W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1(2): 393 (1837)

= Cirsium pseudopalustre Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 420 (1866)

species :

Cirsium bracteiferum C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 388 (1984)

Distribution: China (Chongqing)

36 CHI

species :

Cirsium brevicaule A.Gray; Mem. Am. Acad. N. S. 6: 396 (1858 publ. 1859)

Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.

38 NNS

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium albescens Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1(1): 56-57 (1932)

= Cirsium brevicaule var. oshimense Kitam.; (1937)

= Cirsium irumtiense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 41 (1933)

= Cirsium liukiuense Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 46: 620 (1932)

species :

Cirsium brevifolium Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 421 (1840)

Name: Palouse thistle

Distribution: USA (Idaho, Oregon, Washington)

73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus palousensis Piper; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11: 610 (1906)

= Cirsium palousense (Piper) Piper; Piper & Beattie, Fl. S. E. Wash. & Idaho, 260 (1914)

species :

Cirsium brevipapposum Tscherneva; Fl. Uzbekist. 6: 373, 514 (1962)

Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan

32 KGZ TZK UZB

species :

Cirsium brevistylum Cronquist; Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 26 (1953)

Name: Indian or clustered or short-style thistle

Distribution: New Zealand [I]; Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington)

51 nzl 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

species :

Cirsium buergeri Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 185 (1866)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Kyushu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium buergeri var. araneosum Kitam.; (1937)

= Cirsium buergeri var. decurrens Kitam.; (1931)

= Cirsium confertissimum var. herbicolum Nakai; (1913)

= Cnicus buergeri (Miq.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 19: 502 (1874)

species :

Cirsium calcareum (M.E.Jones) Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 19: 752 (1915)

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Utah, Colorado)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus calcareus M.E.Jones; Proc. Calif. Acad. Ser. II. 5: 704 (1895)

species :

Cirsium candelabrum Griseb.; Spicil. Fl. Rumel. 2: 251 (1846)

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; SW-Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of mainland, +Evvoia)

13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB TUE

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium chelmeum Orph.; Boiss. Diagn. Ser. II. 3: 41 (1856)

species :

Cirsium canescens Nutt.; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. S. vii 420 (1841)

Name: Platte or prairie thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Colorado, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, South Dakota, Wyoming)

73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus nebraskensis Britton; Britton & A. Br., Fl. N. U. S. 3: 487 (1898)

= Carduus nelsonii Pammel; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt.: 586 (1909)

= Carduus plattensis Rydb.; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 3. (1895) 167 t.2

= Carduus plattensis var. spinosior Rydb.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 167 (1895)

= Carduus undulatus var. canescens (Nutt.) Porter; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 345 (1894)

= Cirsium nebraskense (Britton) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 301 (1912)

= Cirsium nebraskense var. formidolosum Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 142 (1913)

= Cirsium nelsonii (Pammel) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1012 (1917)

= Cirsium plattense (Rydb.) Cockerell ex Daniels; Univ. MissouriStudies, Sci. Ser. 2: No. 2, 254 (1911)

= Cnicus canescens Pammel; Contrib. Bot. Dep. Iowa Coll. Agric. No. 19, 20 (1901)

= Cnicus nelsonii Pammel; Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 8: 235 (1901)

= Cnicus undulatus var. canescens (Nutt.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 42 (1874)

species :

Cirsium canoasense G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 21 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena

species :

Cirsium canum (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 151 (1785)

Name: Graue Kratzdistel (DE)

Distribution: Sweden; Germany (Brandenburg [I], Berlin [I], +Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, +Hessen, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; S-European Russia; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

10 SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus canus L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 105 (1767)

= Carduus chius Jacq.; Hort. Bot. Vindob. 3: 7 (1776)

= Cirsium biebersteinii Kharadze; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 23: 112 (1963)

= Cirsium chium (Jacq.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 646 (1838)

= Cirsium pseudopannonicum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 420 (1866)

= Cnicus canus (L.) Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 345 (1788)

species :

Cirsium carniolicum Scop.; Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 128 (1771)

subspecies :

subsp. carniolicum

Distribution: Austria; Italy; Slovenia (E-Alps)

11 AUT 13 ITA SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus carniolicus (Scop.) Pers.; Syn. 2: 388 (1807)

= Cnicus carniolicus Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 3: 1677 (1803)

= Serratula carniolica (Scop.) Poir.; Encyc. 6: 563 (1805)

subspecies :

subsp. rufescens (Ramond ex DC.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 1006 (1940)

Distribution: NE-Spain (W- & C-Pyrenees); SW-France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus rufescens (Ramond ex DC.) Pers.; Syn. 2: 389 (1807)

= Cirsium carniolicum proles rufescens (Ramond ex DC.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 41 (1905)

= Cirsium rufescens Ramond ex DC.; Fl. Franc. 4: 114 (1805)

= Cnicus rufescens (Ramond ex DC.) Loisel.; Fl. Gall. 541 (1807)

species :

Cirsium carolinianum (Walter) Fernald & Schub.; Rhodora 50: 229 (1948)

Name: Carolina or purple or soft or smallhead thistle

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas)

74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus carolinianus Walter; Fl. Carol. 195 (1788)

= Carduus flaccidus Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 1307 (1903)

= Carduus glutinosus (Bigelow) L.C.Beck; Bot. N. & Mid. St. 173 (1833), nom. illeg.

= Carthamus carolinianus Walter; Fl. Carol.: 194 (1788)

= Cirsium flaccidum (Small) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 543 (1917)

= Cnicus glutinosus Bigelow; Fl. Bost. ed. II. 291 (1824) non Gilib. 1792

species :

Cirsium centaureae (Rydb.) K.Schum.; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 29, pt. 1: 566 (1903)

Name: Rocky Mountain fringed thistle

Distribution: USA (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus americanus (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 362 (1893)

= Carduus centaureae Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 507 (1901)

= Cirsium americanum (A.Gray) K.Schum.; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 29(1): 566 (1903)

= Cirsium clavatum var. americanum (A.Gray) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 211 (2004)

= Cirsium laterifolium (Osterh.) Rydb.; Fl Rocky Mts. 1008 (1917), ex Petr.

= Cnicus carlinoides var. americanus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 48 (1874)

species :

Cirsium cernuum Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lag.] 24 (1816)

Distribution: Mexico (México State, Veracruz)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium charkeviczii Barkalov; Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal´nego Vostoka 6: 307 (1992)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.)

31 RFE

species :

Cirsium chellyense R.J.Moore & Frankton; Canad. J. Bot. 52(3): 547 (1974)

Name: Navajo thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico)

76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium arizonicum var. chellyense (R.J.Moore & Frankton) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 209 (2004)

= Cirsium chuskaense R.J.Moore & Frankton; Canad. J. Bot. 52(3): 548 (1974)

= Cirsium navajoense R.J.Moore & Frankton; Canad. J. Bot. 52(3): 548 (1974)

species :

Cirsium chiapanum G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 16 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium chikabumiense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 39(3): 117 (2013)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium chikushiense Koidz.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 33: 115 (1919)

Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium chilaishanense S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 3: 246 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Cirsium chinense Gardner & Champ.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 1: 323. (1849)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang); NE-India (Assam); Myanmar (Mandalay)

36 CHI 40 IND 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium chinense var. laushanense (Y.Yabe) Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 4 (1931)

= Cirsium laushanense Y.Yabe; Prel. Rep. Tsing-Tau Reg. 112 (1919)

= Cirsium lineare var. glabrescens Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43(1107-1110): 273-274 (1938)

= Cirsium lineare var. laushanense (Y.Yabe) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 17 (1941)

= Cirsium lineare var. tchefouense (Debeaux) Y.Ling; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 6: 102 (1949)

= Cirsium manshuricum Kitag.; J. Jap. Bot. 39(9): 266-268, f. (1964)

= Cirsium tchefouense Debeaux; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 31: 225 (1876)

= Cirsium uninervium var. laushanense (Y.Yabe) Kitag.; Index Fl. Jehol 94 (1936)

= Cnicus chinensis (Gardner & Champ.) Benth.; Gen. Pl. (Benth. & Hook.) 2: 468 (1863)

= Cnicus tchefouensis (Debeaux) Franch.; Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 24: 229 (1884)

species :

Cirsium chionanthum G.L.Nesom & García-Mor.; Phytoneuron 2021-69: 1 (2021)

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium chokaiense Kitam.; Cirsium Nov. Or.-Asiat. 5 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium chrysacanthum (Ball) Jahand.; Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc, No. Iv. 84 (1923)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium chrysacanthum var. ornatum (Ball) Maire

= Cirsium chrysacanthum var. subornatum Emb. & Maire

= Cnicus chrysacanthus Ball; J. Bot. 11: 369 (1873)

= Cnicus ornatus Ball; J. Bot. 11: 368 (1873)

species :

Cirsium chrysolepis C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(6): 451-452, pl. 1, f. 3 (1984)

Distribution: S-Tibet (Nyalam)

36 TIB

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Cirsium cilicicum P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 416 (1975)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Cirsium ciliolatum (L.F.Hend.) J.T.Howell; Leafl. West. Bot. 9: 9 (1959)

Name: Ashland thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus ciliolatus (L.F.Hend.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 5 (1900)

= Cirsium breweri subsp. howellii Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 486 (1917)

= Cirsium howellii Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 486 (1917)

= Cirsium undulatum var. ciliolatum L.F.Hend.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 348. (1900)

species :

Cirsium clavatum (M.E.Jones) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 310 (1917)

Name: Fish Lake thistle

Distribution: USA (Colorado, Utah)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus clavatus (M.E.Jones) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 5 (1900)

= Cnicus clavatus M.E.Jones; Proc. Calif. Acad. Ser. II. 5: 704 (1895)

species :

Cirsium coahuilense G.B.Ownbey & Pinkava; Syst. Bot. 5(3): 326 (1980 publ. 1981)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium coloradense (Rydb.) Cockerell ex Daniels; Univ. Missouri Studies, Sc, ser. 2: No. 2, 254 (1911)

Name: Colorado thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus coloradensis Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 132 (1905)

= Carduus erosus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 507 (1901)

= Cirsium erosum (Rydb.) Cockerell ex Daniels; Univ. Missouri Studies, Sci. Ser. 2: No. 2, 254 (1911)

= Cirsium scariosum var. coloradense (Rydb.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)

= Cirsium tioganum var. coloradense (Rydb.) Dorn; Vasc. Pl. Wyoming: 295 (1988)

species :

Cirsium confertissimum Nakai; Bot. Mag, Tokyo 27: 262 (1913)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium congdonii R.J.Moore & Frankton; Canad. J. Bot. 45: 1738 (1967)

Name: Rosette thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium scariosum var. congdonii (R.J.Moore & Frankton) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)

species :

Cirsium congestissimum Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 1 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium consociatum S.F.Blake; Brittonia 2: 355 (1937)

Distribution: Guatemala

80 GUA

species :

Cirsium conspicuum (Sw.) Sch.Bip.; Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald, 312 (1856)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Sinaloa, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus heterolepsis Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1892 363 (1892), non Cirsium heterolepis Benth.

= Carduus pyrochros Less.; Linnaea 5: 130 (1830)

= Cirsium anartiolepis Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 65 (1911)

= Cnicus conspicuus (Sw.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 251 (1881)

= Erythrolaena conspicua Sw.; Brit. Flow. Gard. Ser. I. t. 134 (1825)

species :

Cirsium crassicaule (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 506 (1901)

Name: Slough thistle

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus crassicaulis Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 357 (1892), et Man. Bot. San Franc. Bay 217 (1894)

species :

Cirsium creticum (Lam.) d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 363 (1822)

subspecies :

subsp. creticum

Name: Kretische Distel (DE); Cretan Thistle (EN)

Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. Kiklades, Samothraki, Thasos, Limnos, Skiros); Crete; Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Kos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon)

13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI ROM SIC SRB TUE 20 LBY 34 EAI IRN LEB TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus creticus Lam.; Encycl. 1: 701 (1785)

= Cirsium creticum subsp. dictaeum Greuter, Matthäs & Risse; Willdenowia 14(2): 271 (1984 publ. 1985)

subspecies :

subsp. gaillardotii (Boiss.) P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 33(3) 429 (1975)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania

34 ISR JOR LEB TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium gaillardotii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 42 (1856)

subspecies :

subsp. triumfettii (Lacaita) Werner; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 70: 19 (1975)

Distribution: Corsica; Italy; Sicily; San Marino

12 COR 13 ITA SIC SMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium creticum var. triumfettii Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 25: 118 (1918)

= Cirsium triumfettii Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 25: 105 (1918)

species :

Cirsium culebraense Ackerf.; Capitulum 1(2): 7, figs. 3-5, photogrs. (2022)

Distribution: USA (Colorado)

73 USA

species :

Cirsium cymosum (Greene) J.T.Howell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 30: 37 (1943)

Name: Peregrine thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus cymosus Greene; Fl. Francisc. 480 (1897)

= Cirsium botrys Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 483 (1917)

= Cirsium triacanthum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 481 (1917)

variant :

var. canovirens (Rydb.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 212 (2004)

Name: Graygreen thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus canovirens Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 450 (1900)

= Cirsium canovirens (Rydb.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 540 (1917)

= Cirsium canovirens Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1011 (1917)

species :

Cirsium dasyphyllum G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 8 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium dealbatum M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur. Cauc. 3: 560 (1819)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium heterophyllum var. dealbatum (M.Bieb.) Schmalh.; (1897)

species :

Cirsium dipsacolepis (Maxim.) Matsum.; Enum. Sci. Names 82 (1895)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus dipsacolepis Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 19: 497 (1874)

variant :

var. calcicola (Nakai) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ., ser. B, 13: 82 (1937)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium calcicola Nakai; Bot. Moig., Tokyo 35: 148 (1921)

species :

Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 373 (1826)

Name: Field thistle, chardon discolore

Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)

71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt.; Gen. Am. 2: 180 (1818)

= Cirsium altissimum f. discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3. 1: 547 (1894)

= Cirsium altissimum subsp. discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 404 (1917)

= Cirsium altissimum var. discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Fernald; C. H. Bissell & L. Andrews, Fl. Southington: 105 (1902)

= Cirsium discolor f. albiflorum House; Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 55 (1923)

= Cnicus altissimus f. albiflora Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 124 (1890)

= Cnicus altissimus var. discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 57 (1883)

= Cnicus discolor Muhl. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1670 (1803)

= Serratula discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir.; Encyc. 6: 565 (1805)

species :

Cirsium dissectum (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. 63 (1768)

Name: Englische Kratzdistel (DE)

Distribution: England; Northern Ireland; Ireland; Norway; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen); France; Channel Isl.

10 GRB IRE NOR 11 BGM GER NET 12 CIS FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus anglicus Lam.; Encyc. 1: 705 (1783)

= Carduus cirsium Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 5 (1768), nom. inval.

= Carduus dissectus L.; Sp. Pl. 822 (1753)

= Carduus glomeratus Lam.; Fl. Franc. 2: 20 (1779)

= Carduus pratensis Huds.; Fl. Angl. ed. II. 353 (1778)

= Carduus semipinnatus Desf. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 153 (1821)

= Carduus tuberosus Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3(1): 15 (1788), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium anglicum (Lam.) DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3 4: 118 (1805)

= Cirsium anglicum f. aquaticum Brochon; CLXXIII (1893)

= Cirsium anglicum f. diversifolium (Brochon) Glück; 17 (1911)

= Cirsium anglicum f. submersum Glück; 394 (1923), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium anglicum f. succulentum Brochon; LXXIII (1893)

= Cirsium anglicum f. terrestre Brochon; CLXXIII (1893)

= Cirsium anglicum f. terrestre Glück; 394 (1923), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium anglicum var. diversifolium Brochon; CLXXIII (1893)

= Cirsium anglicum var. pumilum (Vill.) Rchb.; XXVII (1833)

= Cirsium britannicum Scop.; Ann. II. Hist. Nat. 60 (1769)

= Cirsium bulbosum subsp. anglicum (Lam.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 176 (1894)

= Cirsium lanceolatum Hill; Herb. Brit. 1: 80 (1769)

= Cirsium pratense (Huds.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Exch. Cl. Brit. Isles 4: 417 (1916 publ. 1917)

= Cirsium spurium (Hoffm.) Delastre; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II. 18: 149 (1842)

= Cirsium tuberosum proles anglicum (Lam.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 59 (1905)

= Cirsium tuberosum subsp. anglicum (Lam.) Braun-Blanq.; 121 (1923)

= Cirsium tuberosum subsp. anglicum (Lam.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 1007 (1940)

= Cnicus anglicus (Lam.) C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. 3: 372 (1808)

= Cnicus britannicus Druce; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1906: 222 (1906)

= Cnicus dentatus Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 3: 1672 (1803)

= Cnicus dissectus (L.) Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1665 (1803)

= Cnicus pratensis (Huds.) Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1672 (1803)

= Cnicus spurius Hoffm.; Deutschl. Fl. Bot. Taschenb. 4: 128 (1804)

species :

Cirsium domonii Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 33(1): 33 (2007)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium douglasii DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 643 (1838)

Name: California swamp thistle, Douglas´s thistle

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus undulatus var. douglasii (DC.) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 360 (1893)

= Cirsium breweri subsp. wrangelii Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 461 (1917)

= Cirsium breweri var. wrangelii Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 461 (1917)

variant :

var. breweri (A.Gray) D.J.Keil & C.E.Turner; Phytologia 73(4): 313 (1992)

Name: Brewer´s thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus breweri (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 363 (1893)

= Cirsium breweri (A.Gray) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jeps.] 507 (1901)

= Cirsium breweri var. canescens Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Abt. 2: 462 (1917)

= Cirsium breweri var. glutinosum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 461 (1917)

= Cirsium breweri var. lanosissimum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 462 (1917)

= Cirsium douglasii var. canescens (Petr.) J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 11 (1959)

= Cnicus breweri A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 43 (1874)

species :

Cirsium drummondii Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 459 (1843)

Name: Drummond´s or dwarf or short-stemmed thistle

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, N. W. T., Ontario, Saskatchewan); USA (Colorado, South Dakota, Wyoming)

70 CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus drummondii (Torr. & A.Gray) Coville; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 142 (1892)

= Cirsium coccinatum Osterh.; Torreya 34: 45 (1934)

= Cnicus drummondii (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 40 (1874)

species :

Cirsium ducellieri Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 15: 104 (1924)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Cirsium durangense (Greenm.) G.B.Ownbey; Brittonia 20: 337 (1968)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ochrocentrum var. durangense Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 40: 51 (1904)

species :

Cirsium dyris Jahand. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 14: 71 (1923)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Cirsium eatonii (A.Gray) B.L.Rob.; Rhodora 13: 240 (1911)

Name: Mountaintop or Eaton´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Nevada, Utah)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus leiocarpus A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl.: 7 (1898)

= Cirsium eriocephalum var. leiocephalum D.C.Eaton; S. Wats., Botany [Fortieth Parallel]: 196 (1871)

= Cnicus eatonii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 56 (1883)

variant :

var. clokeyi (S.F.Blake) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 212 (2004)

Name: Clokey or Spring Mountains or white-spine thistle

Distribution: USA (Nevada)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium clokeyi S.F.Blake; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51: 8 (1938)

variant :

var. murdockii S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 42: 200 (1982)

Name: Northern mountain thistle

Distribution: USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus polyphyllus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 542 (1910)

= Carduus tweedyi Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 449 (1900)

= Cirsium murdockii (S.L.Welsh) Cronquist; Intermountain Fl., Vasc. Pl. Intermountain West, USA 5: 404 (1994)

= Cirsium polyphyllum Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1007 (1917) ex Petr.

= Cirsium tweedyi (Rydb.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1007 (1917) ex Petr.

species :

Cirsium echinus (M.Bieb.) Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 335 (1846)

Distribution: European Turkey; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

13 TUE 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Carlina echinus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 283 (1808)

= Cirsium carlinoides (Schrank) B.Fedtsch.; Rastitel´n. Turkestana: 754 (1915)

= Cirsium echinus (M.Bieb.) Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 23: 197 (1909), isonym

= Cirsium scleranthum M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucasus 3: 559 (1819)

= Cnicus carlinoides Schrank; Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac.: t. 11 (1817), nom. superfl.

= Cnicus echinus (M.Bieb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 328 (1891)

= Echenais carlinoides Cass.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1818: 33 (1818), nom. superfl.

= Echenais nutans Cass.; Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2. 14: 171 (1819)

= Echenais sclerantha (M.Bieb.) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 404 (1851)

species :

Cirsium edule Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 420 (1840)

Name: Hall´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Oregon, Washington)

73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus edulis (Nutt.) Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 362 (1892), et Man. Bot. San Franc. Bay 217 (1894)

= Carduus hallii A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 7 (1898)

= Cirsium hallii (A.Gray) M.E.Jones; Bull. Univ. Montana, Biol. Ser. No. 15, 47 (1910)

= Cnicus edulis (Nutt.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 47 (1874)

= Cnicus hallii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 56 (1883)

variant :

var. macounii (Greene) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 213 (2004)

Name: Macoun´s thistle

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (British Columbia); USA (Oregon, Washington)

70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus macounii Greene; Ottawa Naturalist 16: 38. 1902

= Cirsium macounii (Greene) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1007 (1917)

variant :

var. wenatchense D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 213 (2004)

Name: Wenatchee thistle

Distribution: USA (Washington)

73 USA

species :

Cirsium ehrenbergii Sch.Bip.; Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald, p. 312 (1856)

Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Guanajuaro, Morelos, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena

species :

Cirsium elbrusense Sommier & Levier; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. It. Ser. II. 2: 16 (1895)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium pubigerum var. elbrusense (Sommier & H.Lév.) Petr.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 2 1: 20 (1960)

species :

Cirsium eliasianum Kit Tan & Sorger; Pl. Syst. Evol. 154: 123, f. 1E (1986)

Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Cirsium engelmannii Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1013 (1917)

Name: Blackland or Engelmann´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas)

74 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus filipendulus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 157 (1906)

= Cirsium altissimum var. filipendulum (Engelm.) A.Gray

= Cirsium terrae-nigrae Shinners; Field & Lab. 17: 27 (1949)

= Cirsium virginianum var. filipendulum A.Gray; Manual ed. 2, 233 (1856) not Lange 1861

= Cnicus altissimus var. filipendulus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 57 (1883)

species :

Cirsium eorythros G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 15 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena

species :

Cirsium eriophoroides (Hook.f.) Petr.; Biol. Bot. 78: 9 (1912)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium bolocephalum Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 63: 107 (1926)

= Cirsium bolocephalum var. racemosum Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 63: 108 (1926)

= Cirsium bolocephalum var. setchwanicum Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 63: 108 (1926)

= Cnicus eriophoroides Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3(8): 363 (1881)

species :

Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop.; Annus Hist.-Nat. 2: 62 (1769)

Name: Klebrige Kratzdistel (DE)

Distribution: England [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; NE-Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine

10 grb 11 AUT HUN POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR MLD UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus erisithales Jacq.; Enum. Vindob. 146, 279 (1762)

= Carduus hybridus (Schleich.) Steud.; Nom. ed. I. 152 (1821)

= Carduus ochroleucus Pers.; Syn. Pl. 2: 389 (1807)

= Cirsium erisithales subsp. glutinosum (Lam.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 189 (1829)

= Cirsium erisithales var. glutinosum Moritzi; 403 (1832)

= Cirsium erisithales var. hybridum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 191 (1829)

= Cirsium erisithales var. ochroleucum Moritzi; 403 (1832)

= Cirsium flavescens W.D.J.Koch; Taschenb. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. 292 (1843)

= Cirsium glutinosum Lam.; Fl. Franc. 2: 27 (1779)

= Cirsium parviflorum Schleich. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steud.], ed. 2. 1: 369 (1840)

= Cirsium scopolianum Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 408 (1879)

= Cnicus ciliatus Vitman; Summa 4: 447

= Cnicus erisithales (Jacq.) L.; Sp. Pl. ed. II. 1157 (1763)

= Cnicus glutinosus (Lam.) Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 185 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Cnicus hybridus Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 3. 12 (1815)

= Cnicus saanensis Schltdl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 648 (1838)

species :

Cirsium esculentum (Siev.) C.A.Mey.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg, ser. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6: 42 (1849)

Distribution: S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur [I], Khabarovsk [I]); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey; China (Hebei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, N-Xinjiang); Mongolia

14 RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium acaule subsp. esculentum (Siev.) Werner; J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 70(1): 19 (1975)

= Cirsium acaule var. gmelinii (Spreng.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 652 (1837)

= Cirsium acaule var. sibiricum Ledeb.

= Cirsium esculentum var. acaule C.A.Mey.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg, ser. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6: 43 (1849)

= Cirsium esculentum var. acaule Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(2): 377 (1866)

= Cirsium esculentum var. caulescens C.A.Mey.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg, ser. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6: 44 (1849)

= Cirsium esculentum var. sibericum C.A.Mey.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg, ser. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6: 43 (1849)

= Cirsium gmelinii (Spreng.) Tausch; Flora 11(31): 482 (1828)

= Cirsium rhodoleucanthum Walp.; Ann. 1: 453 (1849)

= Cnicus esculentus Siev.; Neueste B. Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Volkerbeschreib. 3: 362 (1796)

= Cnicus gmelinii Spreng.; Hist. Rei Herb. 2: 270 (1808)

species :

Cirsium excelsius (Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 222 (1910)

Distribution: Mexico (San Luis Potosi)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus excelsior Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1892 364 (1892)

= Carduus potosinus Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 364 (1893), nom. superfl.

= Cnicus excelsior (Greene) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 27: 179 (1893)

species :

Cirsium falconeri (Hook.f.) Petr.; Biblioth. Bot. 78: 9 (1912)

Distribution: Pakistan (Chitral, Swat); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Darjeeling, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim); Myanmar

40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus falconeri Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 363 (1881)

variant :

var. horrida (Hook.f.) Aswal & Goel; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 12(1): 12 (1988)

Distribution: India (Meghalaya, Uttarakhand)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium involucratum var. horridum (Hook.f.) N.P.Balakr.; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 22: 175 (1982)

= Cnicus horridus (Hook.f.) C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 220 (1876)

= Cnicus involucratus var. horridus Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 362 (1881)

species :

Cirsium fangii Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44(1111-1114): 48-50 (1938)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Cirsium fanjingshanense C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 394, pl. 1, f. 3 (1984)

Distribution: China (Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Cirsium fargesii (Franch.) Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(5): 627 (1901)

Distribution: China (Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus fargesii Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 11(2): 22 (1897)

species :

Cirsium faucium Petr.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 58: 231 (1955)

Distribution: Mexico (México State, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena

species :

Cirsium fauriei Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 26: 322 (1912)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium ferum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 149 (1932)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Cirsium filipendulum Lange; Vid. Meddel. Dansk Naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1861: 92 (1861)

Distribution: N-Portugal; N-Spain; SW-France

12 FRA POR SPA

Remarks: tuberosum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium anglicum subsp. filipendulum (Lange) R.C.V.Douin; Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France 6: 33 (1923)

= Cirsium bulbosum Willk.; Flora 34: 760 (1851), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium filipendulum subsp. grumosum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Franco; Nova Fl. Portugal 2: 448, 570 (1984)

= Cirsium filipendulum var. ramosum Merino; Contr. Fl. Galicia: 140 (1897)

= Cirsium grumosum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Willk. & Lange; Prod. Fl. Hisp. 2: 199 (1865)

= Cirsium tuberosum proles filipendulum (Lange) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 57 (1905)

= Cirsium tuberosum subsp. filipendulum (Lange) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 1008 (1940)

= Cnicus grumosus Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Port. 2: 196 (1820)

species :

Cirsium flavisquamatum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26(1-2): 16 (1974)

Distribution: Nepal; India (Sikkim)

40 IND NEP

species :

Cirsium flodmanii (Rydb.) Arthur; Torreya 12: 34 (1912)

Name: Prairie or Flodman´s thistle, chardon de Flodman

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Wyoming)

71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus flodmanii Rydb.; Mem. N. York Bot. Gard. 1: 451 (1900)

= Carduus oblanceolatus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 510 (1901)

= Cirsium flodmanii f. albiflorum D.Löve; Rhodora 55: 362 (1953)

= Cirsium flodmanii f. oblanceolatum (Rydb.) D.Löve & J.-P.Bernard; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 53: 450 (1959)

= Cirsium nebraskense var. discissum Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 301 (1912)

= Cirsium oblanceolatum (Rydb.) K.Schum.; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 29, pt. 1: 566 (1903)

species :

Cirsium foliosum (Hook.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 654 (1838)

Name: Leafy or foliose or elk thistle

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, N. W. T., Yukon); USA (Wyoming)

70 CDN 71 CDN 73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus foliosus Hook.; Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 303 (1833)

= Cnicus foliosus (Hook.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 40 (1874)

species :

Cirsium fontinale (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. W. Mid. Calif 505 (1901)

Name: Fountain thistle

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus fontinalis (Greene) Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 363 (1892), et Man. Bot. San Franc. Bay 216 (1894)

= Cnicus fontinalis Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: VI. 151 (1886)

variant :

var. campylon (H.Sharsm.) Pilz ex D.J.Keil & C.E.Turner; Phytologia 73(4): 313 (1992)

Name: Mt. Hamilton thistle

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium campylon Sharsm.; Madrono 5: 85 (1939)

variant :

var. obispoense J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 71 (1938)

Name: Chorro Creek bog thistle

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

species :

Cirsium forrestii (Diels) H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 41 (1916)

Distribution: China

36 CHI

Remarks: not a synonym of C. henryi fide Jin et al. 2021

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus forrestii Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 196-197 (1912)

species :

Cirsium funagataense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 37(1): 31 (2011)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium funkiae Ackerf.; Capitulum 1(2): 8, figs. 3-4, 6, photogrs. (2022)

Distribution: USA (Colorado)

73 USA

species :

Cirsium furusei Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 147 (1952)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium fuscotrichum C.C.Chang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 7: 161 (1936)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Cirsium gaditanum Talavera & Valdés; Lagascalia 5(2): 186 (1976)

Distribution: S-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium pyrenaicum subsp. gaditanum (Talavera & Valdés) Talavera & Valdés; Herb. Univ. Hisp. Fl. Selecta, Cent. 1: 34 (1982)

species :

Cirsium ganjuense Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. Ser. B, 13: (Compos. Jap. 1.) 125 (1937)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium glaberrimum (Petr.) Petr.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 109: 170 (1972)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)

32 KAZ 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium apiculatum subsp. glaberrimum Petr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 60: 460 (1910)

species :

Cirsium glabrum DC.; Lam. & DC., Fl. Fr. ed. 3, 5: 463 (1815)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Pyrenees); SW-France

12 FRA SPA

species :

Cirsium grahamii A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 102 (1853)

Name: Graham´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sonora, Zacatecas)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus grahamii (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1892 363 (1892)

= Cirsium undulatum var. grahamii (A.Gray) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. (Abt. 2) 27: 247 (1910)

= Cnicus grahamii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 57 (1883)

= Cnicus undulatus var. grahamii (A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 43 (1874)

species :

Cirsium grandirosuliferum Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus., B (Tokyo), 21(1): 13 (1995)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium gratiosum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 39 (1933)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium grayanum Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 26: 360 (1912)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Hokkaido)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus kamtschaticus var. grayanus Maxim.; (1874)

species :

Cirsium greimleri Bures; Preslia 90(2): 118 (2018)

Distribution: Austria

11 AUT

species :

Cirsium griseum (Rydb.) K.Schum.; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 29(1): 566 (1903)

Distribution: USA (Colorado)

73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus griseus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 509 (1901)

= Carduus modestus Osterh.; Muhlenbergia 9: 54 (1913)

= Carduus oreophilus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 509 (1901)

= Cirsium modestum (Osterh.) Cockerell; Univ. Colorado Stud. 11: 219 (1915), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium oreophilum (Rydb.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts.: 1009, 1068 (1917)

variant :

var. osterhoutii (Rydb.) Ackerf. & D.J.Keil; J. Syst. Evol. 58: 905 (2020)

Name: Osterhout´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Colorado)

73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus araneosus Osterh.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 612 (1905)

= Carduus osterhoutii Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 131 (1905)

= Cirsium araneans Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1006 (1917)

= Cirsium clavatum var. osterhoutii (Rydb.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 212 (2004)

= Cirsium osterhoutii (Rydb.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 554 (1917)

species :

Cirsium guanwuense S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 6: 565 (2023)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Cirsium gyojanum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 31 (1936)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium hachijoense Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 46: 620 (1932)

Distribution: Japan (Izu Isl.)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium hachimantaiense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 30(3): 120 (2004)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium hagurosanense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 40(2): 89 (2014)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium handelii Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 63: 110 (1926)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Cirsium happoense Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus., B (Tokyo), 21(1): 17 (1995)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium harrisonii (S.L.Welsh) Ackerf. & D.J.Keil; J. Syst. Evol. 58(6): 905 (2020)

Distribution: USA (Utah)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium eatonii var. harrisonii S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Nat., 42(2): 200 (1982)

species :

Cirsium hasunumae Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 37(1): 34 (2011)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium heiianum Koidz.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 33: 114 (1919)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium albrechtii (Maxim.) Kudô; Jap. J. Bot. 2: 281 (1925)

= Cirsium ruderale Nakai; Bot. Mag, Tokyo 46: 621 (1932)

= Cnicus buergeri var. albrechtii Maxim.; (1874)

species :

Cirsium heliorhaphis G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 16 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium henryi (Franch.) Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(5): 627 (1901)

Distribution: China (W-Hubei)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium melanolepis Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45(1131-1137): 48-50 (1938)

= Cnicus henryi Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 11: 21 (1897)

species :

Cirsium hesperium (Eastw.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1007 (1917) ex Petr.

Name: Tall mountain thistle

Distribution: USA (Colorado)

73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus hesperius (Eastw.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 6 (1900)

= Carduus hookerianus var. hesperius (Eastw.) A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt.: 585 (1909)

= Cirsium eatonii var. hesperium (Eastw.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 212 (2004)

= Cnicus hesperius Eastw.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, Bot. 1: 122 (1898)

species :

Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. 64 (1768)

Name: Verschiedenblättrige Kratzdistel (DE), Melancholy thistle (EN)

Distribution: Iceland [I]; England; Northern Ireland; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], +Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; N-Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Northern Caucasus; Greenland

10 DEN FIN GRB ice IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 33 NCS 70 GNL

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus ambiguus (All.) Pers.; Syn. 2: 389 (1807)

= Carduus helenifolius Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 185 (1796)

= Carduus heterophyllus L.; Sp. Pl. 824 (1753)

= Carduus polymorphus Lapeyr.; Mem. Acad. Toulouse 1: (1782) 217, t. 19, 20, nom. illeg.

= Cirsium helenioides All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 152 (1785), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium heterophyllum subf. angustisectum (Huter) Hegi; 887 (1928)

= Cirsium heterophyllum var. diversifolium E.Wimm.; Fl. Schles.: 232 (1840)

= Cirsium heterophyllum var. incisum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 653 (1838)

= Cirsium heterophyllum var. integrifolium M.Loehr; 360 (1852)

= Cirsium heterophyllum var. integrifolium E.Wimm.; Fl. Schles.: 232 (1840)

= Cirsium heterophyllum var. obskiense Lomon.; Turczaninowia 4(1-2): 77 (2001)

= Cirsium mielichhoferi Saut.; Flora 28: 130 (1845)

= Cirsium pauciflorum W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. ed. I. 395 (1837)

= Cirsium ×carolorum C.Jenner ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 407 (1879)

= Cnicus ambiguus Loisel.; Fl. Gall. 540 (1807)

= Cnicus heterophyllus (L.) Retz.; Fl. Scand. Prodr. ed. 2, 191 (1795)

= Cnicus heterophyllus (L.) Roth; Catalect. 1: 114 (1797)

= Cynara diversifolia Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 146 (1812)

species :

Cirsium heterotrichum Pancic; Elem. Fl. Bulg. 42 (1883)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Bulgaria

13 ALB BUL KOS SRB

species :

Cirsium hidakamontanum Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus., B (Tokyo), 25(3): 95 (1999)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium hida-paludosum Kadota & Nagase; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus., B (Tokyo), 14(1): 13 (1988)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium homolepis Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 44: 534 (1930)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 418 (1840), nom. nov.

Name: Hooker´s or white thistle

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (Idaho, Montana, Washington, Wyoming)

71 CDN 73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus discolor Hook.; Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 302 (1833) non Nutt. 1818

= Carduus hookerianus (Nutt.) A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 7 (1898)

= Carduus kelseyi Rydb.; Mem. N. York Bot. Gard. 1: 449 (1900)

= Cirsium kelseyi (Rydb.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1006 (1917) ex Petr.

= Cnicus hookerianus (Nutt.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 46 (1874)

species :

Cirsium horiianum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 31(1): 36 (2005)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium horridulum Michx.; Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 90 (1803)

Name: Horrid thistle

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, Quintana Roo); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Bahamas

75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ GUA HON 81 BAH

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus horridulus (Michx.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. 2: 390 (1807)

= Carduus horridulus var. elliottii Torr. & A.Gray

= Carduus spinosissimus var. elliottii (Torr. & A.Gray) Porter; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 345 (1894)

= Carduus spinosissimus Walter; Fl. Carol. 194 (1788), non Cirsium spinosissimum (L.) Scop. 1772

= Cirsium chrismarii (Klatt) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 215 (1910)

= Cirsium horridulum f. atropurpureum Moldenke; Phytologia 26(4): 224 (1973)

= Cirsium horridulum f. elliottii (Torr. & A.Gray) Fernald; Rhodora 45: 353 (1943)

= Cirsium horridulum subsp. chrismarii (Petr.) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 58 (1911)

= Cirsium horridulum subsp. megacephalum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 384 (1917)

= Cirsium horridulum var. elliottii Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. 2: 460 (1843)

= Cnicus chrismarii Klatt; Leopoldina 25: 108 (1889)

= Cnicus horridulus (Michx.) Pursh; Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 507 (1813)

variant :

var. megacanthum (Nutt.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 214 (2004)

Name: Bigspine thistle

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Texas)

74 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium megacanthum Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 421 (1840)

variant :

var. vittatum (Small) R.W.Long; Rhodora 72: 45 (1970)

Name: Florida thistle

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina); Bahamas

78 USA 81 BAH

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus pinetorum Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 1308 (1903)

= Carduus smallii (Britton) H.E.Ahles; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80: 173 (1964)

= Carduus vittatus Small; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 439 (1905)

= Cirsium pinetorum (Small) Small; Fl. Miami 199 (1913), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium smallii Britton; Britton & Millp. Fl. Baham. 458 (1920)

= Cirsium vittatum (Small) Small; Fl. Miami, 199 (1913)

species :

Cirsium hupingshanicum Z.C.Jin & Y.S.Chen; Phytotaxa 544(1): 95 (2022)

Distribution: China (Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Cirsium hydrophilum (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 507 (1901)

Name: Suisun thistle

Distribution: USA (California: Solano Co.)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus hydrophilus Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1892 358, et Man. Bot. San Franc. Bay 218 (1894)

= Cirsium vaseyi var. hydrophilum (Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 458 (1917)

variant :

var. vaseyi (A.Gray) J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 11 (1959)

Name: Mount Tamalpais or Vasey´s thistle

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus vaseyi (A.Gray) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 61 (1904)

= Cirsium montigenum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 454 (1917)

= Cirsium vaseyi (A.Gray) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif 1165 (1925)

= Cnicus breweri var. vaseyi A.Gray; A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 404. (1884)

species :

Cirsium hygrophilum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 10: 89 (1849)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 AZE NCS 34 IRN IRQ

species :

Cirsium hygropodum G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2021-69: 3 (2021)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Nayarit)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium hypoleucum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 645 (1838)

Distribution: ?Croatia; European Turkey; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia)

13 TUE 33 ARM GEO 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium wiedemannii Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 6: 48 (1840)

species :

Cirsium imbricatum (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 223 (1910)

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus imbricatus B.L.Rob. ex Greenm.; Am. J. Sci. Ser. III. I. 159 (1895)

species :

Cirsium inamoenum (Greene) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 214 (2004)

Name: Greene´s thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus inamoenus Greene; Fl. Francisc., 479 (1897)

= Carduus undulatus var. nevadensis Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 361 (1893), non C. nevadensis Greene 1896, non Cirsium nevadense (Greene) Petr. 1917

= Cirsium subniveum Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts.: 1006, 1068 (1917)

variant :

var. davisii (Cronquist) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 214 (2004)

Name: Davis´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium davisii Cronquist; Leafl. West. Bot. 6: 46 (1950)

species :

Cirsium inundatum Makino; Bot. Mag. Tokyo 19: 154 (1905)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium ishizuchiense (Kitam.) Kadota; Mem. Nation. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) 32: 132 (2000)

Distribution: Japan (Shikoku)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium tenue var. ishizuchiense Kitam.; Compos. Jap. 1: 104 (1937)

species :

Cirsium ito-kojianum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 34(1): 32 (2008)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium jaliscoense G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 16 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena

species :

Cirsium japonicum Fisch. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 642 (1837)

Distribution: Poland [I]; China (Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, S-Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, NE-Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Vietnam

11 pol 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Alfredia japonica (Fisch. ex DC.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 185 (1866)

= Carduus eriophorus Thunb.; Fl. Jap.: 305 (1784), nom. illeg.

= Carduus japonicus (Fisch. ex DC.) Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, 6: 571 (1883)

= Cirsium belingshanicum Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 63: 110 (1926)

= Cirsium bodinieri (Vaniot) H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(317-321): 189 (1913)

= Cirsium cerberus (Vaniot) H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(317-321): 189 (1913)

= Cirsium hainanense Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33: 167 (1943)

= Cirsium ibukiense Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 46: 623 (1932)

= Cirsium japonicum f. albiflorum Akasawa; Bull. Kochi Women´s Univ. Ser. Nat. Sci. 25: 5 (1977)

= Cirsium japonicum f. albiflorum G.Y.Li & D.Y.Ou; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 30(8): 1702 (2010)

= Cirsium japonicum f. fukienense (Kitam.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 41(4-6): 179 (1990)

= Cirsium japonicum f. nakaianum (H.Lév. & Vaniot) W.Lee; Lineamenta Florae Koreae 1130 (1996)

= Cirsium japonicum var. australe Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 12 (1931)

= Cirsium japonicum var. fukienense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1(2): 149 (1932)

= Cirsium japonicum var. horridum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 59 (1911)

= Cirsium japonicum var. ibukinense Nakai ex Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., ser. B, Biol. 13: 66 (1937)

= Cirsium japonicum var. intermedium (Maxim.) Matsum.; Index Pl. Jap. 2: 640 (1912)

= Cirsium japonicum var. kiusianum (Nakai) Nemoto; Fl. Jap. Suppl. 761 (1936)

= Cirsium japonicum var. littorale (Maxim.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 41(4-6): 177 (1990)

= Cirsium japonicum var. nakaianum Kitam.; Cirsium Nov. Or.-Asiat. 1: 12 (1931)

= Cirsium japonicum var. takaoense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1(1): 57-58 (1932)

= Cirsium japonicum var. villosum Kadota; Fl. Japan, 3b: 135 (1995)

= Cirsium japonicum var. vulkani Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 59 (1911)

= Cirsium kawakamii Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 159-161 (1911)

= Cirsium kitagoense Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 25: 134 (1950)

= Cirsium kiusianum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 366 (1912)

= Cirsium laciniatum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 376 (1912)

= Cirsium lacinulatum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 622 (1932)

= Cirsium littorale Maxim.; Prim. Fl. Amur. 173-174 (1859)

= Cirsium maackii var. horridum (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 375 (1912)

= Cirsium maackii var. intermedium (Maxim.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 376 (1912)

= Cirsium maackii var. kiusianum (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 624 (1932)

= Cirsium maackii var. nakaianum (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 109 (1911)

= Cirsium maackii var. taquetii Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 109 (1911)

= Cirsium maackii var. vulcani Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 376 (1912)

= Cirsium nakaianum (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 378 (1912)

= Cirsium senile Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 623 (1932)

= Cirsium smithianum Petr.; Mitth. Thür. Bot. Vereins 1: 175 (1943)

= Cirsium taquetii (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 373 (1912)

= Cirsium xanthacanthum Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 46: 619 (1932)

= Cnicus bodinieri Vaniot; Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 12: 121 (1903)

= Cnicus cerberus Vaniot; Bull. Acad. Intern. Geogr. Bot. 12: 120 (1903)

= Cnicus japonicus (Fisch. ex DC.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 19(5): 503-504 (1874)

= Cnicus japonicus var. intermedius Maxim.; Melanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 9: 325-326 (1873)

= Cnicus nakaianus H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 168 (1910)

= Cnicus taquetii H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 168 (1910)

form :

f. arakii (Kitam.) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ., ser. B, 13: 67 (1937)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku)

38 JAP

variant :

var. diabolicum (Kitam.) Kadota; Fl. Japan, 3b: 134 (1995)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium diabolicum Kitam.; Cirsium Nov. Or.-Asiat. 6. (1931)

variant :

var. maritimum Konta & Katsuy.; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 31(4): 142 (2005)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

variant :

var. vestitum Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Or.-Asiat. 11 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus maackii var. koraiensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23(268): 99 (1909)

= Cirsium japonicum var. okiense H.Koyama & Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 37(4-6): 188 (1986)

species :

Cirsium joannae S.L.Welsh, N.D.Atwood & L.C.Higgins; S. L. Welsh et al., Utah Fl. ed. 3. 168 (2003)

Name: Joanna´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Utah)

76 USA

species :

Cirsium jorullense (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 376 (1826)

subspecies :

subsp. jorullense

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium jorullense subsp. enjorullense Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 59 (1911)

= Cirsium jorullense var. glabrescens Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 60 (1911)

= Cirsium jorullense var. pilosum Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 59 (1911)

= Cirsium oxylepis Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 60 (1911)

= Cnicus jorullensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.], ed. fol. 4: 17 (1818)

subspecies :

subsp. lanosum Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 60 (1911)

Distribution: Mexico (Valle de Mexico)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium kagamontanum Nakai; Bot. Mag, Tokyo 26: 375 (1912)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium buergeri var. sparsum Nakai; (1912)

species :

Cirsium kamtschaticum Ledeb. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 644 (1837)

Name: Kamchatka thistle

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido); Aleutes

31 RFE 38 JAP 70 ASK

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium boreale Kitam.; Cirsium Nov. Or.-Asiat. 2 (1931). 2 (1931)

= Cirsium kamtschaticum subsp. weyrichii (Maxim.) Vorosch.; A. K. Skvortsov (ed.), Florist. issl. v razn. raionakh SSSR: 198 (1985)

= Cirsium korsakoviense H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 102 (1909)

= Cirsium weyrichii Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 174 (1859)

= Cnicus kamtschaticus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 19: 495 (1874)

= Cnicus korsakoviensis H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 168 (1910)

= Cnicus weyrichii (Maxim.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 19: 495 (1874)

species :

Cirsium kasaianum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 37(1): 38 (2011)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium katoanum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 33(1): 35 (2007)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium kenji-horieanum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 39(3): 118 (2013)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium kirishimense Kadota & Mas.Saito; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 34(4): 136 (2008)

Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium kisoense (T.Yamaz. & K.Asano) Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 35(1): 48 (2009)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium norikurense var. kisoense T.Yamaz. & K.Asano; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 5 (1965)

species :

Cirsium komarovii Schischk.; J. Bot. U.R.S.S. 24: 420 (1939)

subspecies :

subsp. komarovii

Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan

30 SIB 32 KAZ

subspecies :

subsp. schischkinii (Serg.) Zhirova; Fl. Sibir. (Asterac.) 13: 219 (1997 publ. 1998)

Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Tuva)

30 SIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium schischkinii Serg.; Animadvers. Syst. Herb. Univ. Tomsk., No. 2, 5 (1941)

species :

Cirsium kubikialpicola Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 96(3): 132 (2021)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium kubikialpicola f. albiflorum Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 96(3): 133 (2021)

species :

Cirsium kujuense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 34(4): 140 (2008)

Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium lappoides (Less.) Sch.Bip.; Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald, 312 (1856)

Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Puebla, Morelos, Oaxaca)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus lappoides Less.; Linnaea 5: 129 (1830)

= Cirsium liebmannii (Klatt) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27 (Abt. 2): 227 (1910)

= Cnicus lappoides (Less.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 251 (1881)

= Cnicus liebmannii Klatt; Leopoldina 24: 128 (1888)

species :

Cirsium latifolium Lowe; Trans. Cambess. Phil. Soc. 4: 28 (1831)

Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)

21 MDR

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus latifolius Banks ex Lowe; Trans. Cambess. Phil. Soc. 4: 28 (1831)

species :

Cirsium lecontei Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 458 (1843)

Name: Black or Le Conte´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina)

78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus lecontei (Torr. & A.Gray) Pollard; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 157 (1897)

= Cirsium virginianum (Hook.) Hook.; Comp. Bot. Mag. t. (1835) 4

= Cnicus lecontei (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 39 (1874)

= Cnicus virginianus Hook.; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1: 48 (1835)

species :

Cirsium leducii (Franch.) H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 41 (1915)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium lineare f. subintegrifolium Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43(1107-1110): 275-276 (1938)

= Cnicus leducii Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 11: 23 (1897)

species :

Cirsium leo Nakai & Kitag.; Rept. First Sci. Exped. Manchoukuo 4(1): 60 (1934)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium chienii C.C.Chang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 7: 160 (1936)

= Cirsium leo var. angustilobum Y.Ling

= Cirsium pinnatibracteatum Y.Ling; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 3: 148 (1935)

species :

Cirsium leucopsis DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 644 (1838)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

34 TUR

species :

Cirsium libanoticum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 647 (1838)

subspecies :

subsp. libanoticum

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria)

32 TKM 34 IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium apiculatum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 642 (1838)

= Cirsium kotschyanum Boiss.; Diagn. Ser. I. 6: 103 (1846)

subspecies :

subsp. arachnoideum P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3): 419 (1975)

Distribution: Turkey; Syria

34 SYR TUR

subspecies :

subsp. lycaonicum (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 33(3): 419 (1975)

Distribution: Turkey; ?Iran

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium lycaonicum Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. Ser. I. 10: 90 (1849)

species :

Cirsium limophilum Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 61 (1911)

Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium lineare (Thunb.) Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 335 (1847)

Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, S-Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, NE-Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; NE-India (Assam); Myanmar; E-Thailand; Vietnam

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR TAI 40 IND 41 MYA THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus linearis Thunb.; Fl. Jap. 305 (1784), et Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 726

= Cirsium buergeri var. chanroenicum Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 47 (1911)

= Cirsium chanroenicum (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 368 (1912)

= Cirsium coreanum Nakai; Bot. Mag, Tokyo 26: 372 (1912)

= Cirsium hupehense Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s., 18(1): 86-87. (1911)

= Cirsium lineare f. albidum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 41(4-6): 182 (1990)

= Cirsium lineare f. discolor Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 41(4-6): 181 (1990)

= Cirsium lineare f. foliosum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 672. (1932)

= Cirsium lineare f. oreithales (Hance) H.Koyama; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 32(1-4): 63 (1981)

= Cirsium lineare f. pallidum Kitam.; J. Jap. Bot. 20(4): 199 (1944)

= Cirsium lineare f. tomentosum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43(1107-1110): 280 (1938)

= Cirsium lineare f. viride Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43(1107-1110): 280 (1938)

= Cirsium lineare var. discolor Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 62. (1932)

= Cirsium lineare var. franchetii Kitam.; J. Jap. Bot. 20(4): 198-199 (1944)

= Cirsium lineare var. latifolium H.C.Fu; Fl. Intramongolica 6: 328 (1982)

= Cirsium lineare var. pallidum (Kitam.) Y.Ling; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 6: 102 (1949)

= Cirsium lineare var. salicifolium Y.Ling; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 6: 100 (1949)

= Cirsium lineare var. tsoongianum (Y.Ling) Y.Ling; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 6: 102 (1949)

= Cirsium moekchangense Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 29: 9 (1915)

= Cirsium oreithales Hance; Ann. Bot. Syst. 2: 944 (1852)

= Cirsium sinense C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind.: 219 (1876)

= Cirsium toraiense Nakai ex Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 31 (1936)

= Cirsium tsoongianum Y.Ling; Contr. Bot. Surv. Northwest. China 1(2): 36 (1939)

= Cirsium uninerve Nakai; Mori, Enum. Pl. Cor. 355 (1922), nomen

= Cirsium uninervium (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 627 (cum syn.) (1932)

= Cirsium vlassovianum var. lineare (Thunb.) C.Y.Li; Fl. Liaoningica 2: 574 (1992)

= Cnicus chanroenicus Nakai; Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 187 (1909)

= Cnicus linearis (Thunb.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 261 (1873)

= Cnicus sinensis C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind.: 219 (1876)

= Cnicus uninervius H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 169 (1910)

= Spanioptilon lineare (Thunb.) Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 10 (1832)

species :

Cirsium lipskyi Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 197 (1911)

Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Sikkim)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium interpositum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43(1107-1110): 283-285 (1938)

= Cnicus griffithii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3(8): 363 (1881) (non Boiss. (1875))

species :

Cirsium lomatolepis (Hemsl.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 28 (1910)

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, México State, Morelos, Puebla)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus linearifolius (S.Watson) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 363 (1893)

= Cnicus linearifolius S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 143 (1891)

= Cnicus lomatolepis Hemsl.; Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 251 (1881)

species :

Cirsium longepedunculatum Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 6 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium longistylum J.W.Moore & Frankton; Canad. J. Bot. 41: 1562 (1963)

Name: Long-style thistle

Distribution: USA (Montana)

73 USA

species :

Cirsium lucens Kitam.; Cirsium Nov. Or.-Asiat. 14 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP

variant :

var. bracteosum S.Imae & S.Watan.; J. Jap. Bot., 51(5): 159 (1976)

Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium luzoniense Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 5: 399 (1910)

Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)

42 PHI

species :

Cirsium maackii Maxim.; Prim. Fl. Amur. 172-173. (1859)

Distribution: North Korea; South Korea

38 KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium asperum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 618 (1912)

= Cirsium japonicum subsp. maackii (Maxim.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 99 (1909)

= Cirsium japonicum var. amurense Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 12 (1931)

= Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Matsum.; Index Pl. Jap. 2: 641 (1912)

= Cirsium japonicum var. spinossimum (Kitam.) Kitam.; J. Jap. Bot. 20: 198 (1944)

= Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense (Regel) Kitam.; J. Jap. Bot. 20(4): 198 (1944)

= Cirsium littorale var. ussuriense Regel; Tent. Fl. Ussur. 102 (1861)

= Cirsium maackii f. albiflora W.Wang & C.Y.Li; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 15(3): 331-332 (1995)

= Cirsium maackii f. koraiense (Nakai) Nakai; Fl. Kor. 2: 47 (1911)

= Cirsium maackii var. kiusianum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 624 (1932)

= Cirsium maackii var. koraiense (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26(312): 375 (1912)

= Cirsium maackii var. nakaii (H.Lév.) Nakai ex T.Mori; Enum. Pl. Corea 354 (1922)

= Cirsium maackii var. spinosissimum Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., ser. B, Biol. 13: 63 (1937)

= Cnicus japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 19: 506 (1874)

= Cnicus maackii (Maxim.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 99 (1909)

= Cnicus maackii var. koreiensis Nakai

species :

Cirsium macvaughii G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 20 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium magdalenense G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 18 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium magofukui Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 6 (1934)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium maritimum Makino; Bot. Mag. Tokyo 24: 249 (1910)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium markaguntense (S.L.Welsh) Ackerf. & D.J.Keil; J. Syst. Evol. 58(6): 905 (2020)

Distribution: USA (Utah)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium clavatum var. markaguntense S.L.Welsh; Utah Fl., ed. 3. 168 (2003)

species :

Cirsium maruyamanum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 6: 20 (1937)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium masami-saitoanum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 32(2): 86 (2006)

Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium matsumurae Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 26: 362 (1912)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium matsumurae var. pubescens Kitam.

= Cirsium hokkokuense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 5 (1934), in obs.

variant :

var. dubium Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. ser B 13: 124 (1937)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium mexicanum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 636 (1837)

Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Tabasco, Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Colombia (Chocó)

79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 cub his pue 82 CLM

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus mexicanus (DC.) Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1892 363 (1892)

= Carduus mexicanus Moric. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 637 (1838)

= Cirsium costaricense (Pol.) Klatt ex T.Durand & Pittier; Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 31: 214 (1892 publ. 1893)

= Cirsium costaricense Klatt ex T.Durand & Piit.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 214 (1892 publ. 1893)

= Cirsium mexicanum var. bracteatum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27 (Abt. 2): 231 (1910)

= Cirsium portoricense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 237 (1910)

= Cnicus costaricensis Polak.; Linnaea 12: 581 (1879)

= Cnicus mexicanus (DC.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 251 (1881)

= Cnicus portoricensis Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 329 (1891)

species :

Cirsium michiliense G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 21 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena

species :

Cirsium microspicatum Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 44: 535 (1930)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

variant :

var. kiotoense Kitam.; (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

variant :

var. yechizenense Kitam.; (1937)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium mimbresense G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 20 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena. Known only from type

species :

Cirsium mohavense (Greene) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68 (1911)

Name: Mojave thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus mohavensis Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1892 361 (1892)

= Carduus rusbyi Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 361 (1892)

= Cirsium mohavense (Greene) Davidson & Moxley; Fl. S. Calif 438 (1923) ex Petr.

= Cirsium rusbyi (Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 559 (1917)

= Cirsium virginensis S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Nat., 42(2): 201 (1982)

species :

Cirsium mollissimum G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 10 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Chihuahua)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium monocephalum (Vaniot) H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 41 (1915)

Distribution: China (Chongqing, S-Gansu, Guizhou, SW-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, S-Shanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium cavaleriei (H.Lév.) H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(317-321): 189 (1913)

= Cirsium provostii f. subulatum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44(111-1114): 53-54 (1938)

= Cirsium provostii var. monocephalum (Vaniot) Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44(1111-1114): 52 (1938)

= Cirsium provostii var. oleracioides Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44(1111-1114): 52-53 (1938)

= Cirsium provostii var. racemosum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44(1111-1114): 54-55 (1938)

= Cirsium provostii var. spinosum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44(1111-1114): 54 (1938)

= Cnicus cavaleriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11(301-303): 496 (1913)

= Cnicus monocephalus Vaniot; Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 12: 122 (1903)

species :

Cirsium monspessulanum (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. 63 (1768), All. Fl. Pedem. 1: 152

Name: Montpellier-Kratzdistel (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; NE-Spain; Andorra; France; Italy

11 ger 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus monspessulanus L.; Sp. Pl. 822 (1753)

= Cirsium bulbosum Lam.; Fl. Franc. 2: 22 (1779)

= Cirsium compactum Lam.; Fl. Franc. 2: 24 (1779)

= Cirsium monspessulanum var. compactum Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 2: 43 (1904)

= Cirsium monspessulanum var. laxum Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 2: 43 (1904)

= Cirsium montanum Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 2: 131 (1899)

= Cirsium pratense DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3 4: 113 (1805)

= Cnicus monspessulanus (L.) Roth; Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 8: 9 (1794)

species :

Cirsium muliense C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 393 (1984)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Cirsium muramatsui Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 96(3): 138 (2021)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium muticum Michx.; Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 89 (1803)

Name: Swamp Thistle

Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio., Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)

71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus glaber Nutt.; Gen. Am. 2: 129 (1818), non DC. 1805 (fide Alford 2024)

= Carduus muticus (Michx.) Pers.; Syn. 2: 386 (1807)

= Carduus muticus var. albiflorus Farw.; Asa Gray Bull. 3: 22 (1895)

= Carduus muticus var. subpinnatifidus Britton; Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 3: 489 (1898)

= Cirsium bigelowii DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 652 (1838)

= Cirsium muticum f. lactiflorum Fernald; Rhodora 35: 369 (1933)

= Cirsium muticum f. subpinnatifidum (Britton) Fernald; Rhodora 45: 353 (1943)

= Cirsium muticum var. monticola (Fernald) Fernald; Rhodora 9: 28 (1907)

= Cirsium muticum var. subpinnatifidum (Britton) Fernald; Rhodora 10: 95 (1908)

= Cnicus glaber (Nutt.) Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 270 (1824) (fide Alford 2024)

= Cnicus muticus (Michx.) Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 268 (1823)

= Cnicus muticus var. alpicola Britton & A.Br.; Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2, 3: 553 (1913)

= Cnicus muticus var. monticola Fernald; Ottawa Naturalist 19: 166 (1905)

species :

Cirsium myokoense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 35(1): 41 (2009)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium nagatoense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 35(4): 190 (2009)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium nagisoense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 35(1): 44 (2009)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium nambuense Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 26: 365 (1912)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium nanhutashanense S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 4: 338 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium nanhutashanense var. hopingense S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 5: 501 (2022)

species :

Cirsium nasuense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 37(1): 41 (2011)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium neomexicanum A.Gray; Pl. Wright 2: 101 (1853)

Name: Desert or New Mexico thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus neomexicanus (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1892 362 (1892)

= Carduus nevadensis Greene; Pittonia 3: 26 (1896)

= Cirsium arcuum A.Nelson; Amer. J. Bot. 25: I 18 (1938)

= Cirsium humboldtense Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1007 (1917)

= Cirsium mohavense subsp. utahense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 471 (1917)

= Cirsium neomexicanum subsp. bakeri Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 468 (1917)

= Cirsium neomexicanum var. utahense (Petr.) S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Nat., 43(2): 251 (1983)

= Cirsium nevadense (Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 552 (1917), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium undulatum var. albescens D.C.Eaton; Botany [Fortieth Parallel] 194 (1871)

= Cirsium utahense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 470 (1917)

= Cirsium wallowense M.Peck; Madrono 5: 247 (1940)

= Cnicus neomexicanus (A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 45 (1874)

species :

Cirsium nigriceps Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 258 (1947)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

species :

Cirsium nippoense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 30(2): 64 (2004)

Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium nipponicum (Maxim.) Makino; Bot. Mag. Tokyo 19: 155 (1905)

Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium abukumense Kadota; Mem. Nation. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) 29: 96 (1996)

= Cirsium makinoi Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 40(2): 74 (2014), nom. nov.

= Cirsium makinoi var. abukumense (Kadota) Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 40(2): 78 (2014)

= Cirsium matsushimense Kitam.; Cirsium Nov. Or.-Asiat. 16 (1931)

= Cirsium nipponicum f. lanuginosum (Nakai) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto

= Cirsium nipponicum var. alpestre Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25: 1 (1971)

= Cirsium nipponicum var. amplexicaule (Nakai) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., ser. B, Biol. 13: 109 (1937)

= Cirsium nipponicum var. lanuginosum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 621 (1932)

= Cirsium nipponicum var. sendaicum (Nakai) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., ser. B, Biol. 13: 108 (1937)

= Cirsium pseudopendulum Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 25: 61 (1911)

= Cirsium sendaicum var. amplexicaule Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 628 (1932)

= Cnicus nipponicus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 19: 496 (1874)

variant :

var. incomptum (Maxim.) Kadota; Fl. Japan, 3b: 142 (1995)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium comosum (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.; Ind. Pl. Jap. 2: tt. 639 (1912)

= Cirsium incomptum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 368 (1912)

= Cirsium ovalifolium (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.; Ind. Pl. Jap. 2(2): 641 (1912)

= Cirsium tanakae (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.; Enum. Sci. Names 83 (1895)

= Cirsium tonense Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 46: 625 (1932)

= Cnicus comosus Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 409 (1877)

= Cnicus incomptus Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 410 (1877)

= Cnicus ovalifolius Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 412 (1877)

= Cnicus suffultus var. incomptus Maxim.; (1874)

= Cnicus tanakae Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 411 (1877)

variant :

var. sadoense T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot., 64(2): 49 (1989)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

variant :

var. shikokianum (Kitam.) Kitam. ex Kitam. & Murata; (1957)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium yoshinoi var. shikokianum Kitam.; (1931)

variant :

var. shiroumense Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus., B (Tokyo), 21(1): 25 (1995)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium makinoi var. shiroumense (Kadota) Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 40(2): 78 (2014)

variant :

var. yoshinoi (Nakai) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 17: 5 (1957)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium inflatum Kitam.; Cirsium Nov. Or.-Asiat. 8. (1931)

= Cirsium tristissimum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 42 (1933)

= Cirsium yoshinoi Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 27: 263 (1913)

species :

Cirsium nivale (Kunth) Sch.Bip.; Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald, 312 312 (1856)

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus nivalis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.], ed. fol. 4: 28 (1818)

species :

Cirsium norikurense Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 26: 322 (1912)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium norikurense var. integrifolium Kitam.; (1933)

= Cirsium kurobense Honda; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 45: 44 (1931)

species :

Cirsium notorhaphis G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 14 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Puebla, Oaxaca)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium nuttalii DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 651 (1838)

Name: Nuttall´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)

77 USA 78 USA

Remarks: according to Alford (2024) not a replacement name for Carduus glaber Nutt.

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus nuttallii (DC.) Pollard; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 157 (1897)

= Carduus virginianus Bosc ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 651 (1838), nom. inval.

= Cnicus nuttallii (DC.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 41 (1874)

species :

Cirsium oblongifolium K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 41 (1843)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

species :

Cirsium obvallatum (M.Bieb.) M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucasus 3: 559 (1819)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus obvallatus (M.Bieb.) Steud.; Nom. ed. I. 153 (1821)

= Carduus obvallatus M.Bieb. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 842 (1809)

= Cnicus obvallatus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur-Caucasus 2: 279 (1808)

species :

Cirsium occidentale (Nutt.) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. 509 (1901)

Name: Cobwebby thistle

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus californicus var. bernardinus Parish; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 241 (1907)

= Carduus occidentalis Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 418 (1840)

= Carduus occidentalis var. candidissimus H.M.Hall; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 240 (1907)

= Carduus occidentalis var. coulteri H.M.Hall; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 239 (1907)

= Cnicus lilacinus Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 404 (1887)

= Cnicus neglectus Parish ex Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 404 (1887)

= Cnicus occidentalis (Nutt.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 45 (1874)

variant :

var. californicum (A.Gray) D.J.Keil & C.E.Turner; Phytologia 73: 315 (1992)

Name: California thistle

Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus bernardinus Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 361 (1893)

= Carduus californicus (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 359 in obs. et Man. Bot. San Franc. Bay 217 (1894)

= Cirsium bernardinum (Greene) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68 (1911)

= Cirsium bernardinum Davidson & Moxley; Fl. S. Calif. 438 (1923)

= Cirsium bernardinum subsp. pseudoreglense Petr.

= Cirsium californicum A.Gray; Pacif. Rail. Rep. 4: 112 (1857)

= Cirsium californicum subsp. pseudoreglense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 479 (1917)

= Cirsium californicum var. bernardinum (Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 477 (1917)

= Cirsium californicum var. pseudoreglense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 480 (1917)

= Cnicus californicus (A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 46 (1874)

variant :

var. candidissimum (Greene) J.F.Macbr.; Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 22 (1918)

Name: Snowy thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus candidissimus Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 359 (1893)

= Cirsium candidissimum (Greene) A.Davidson & Moxley; Fl. S. Calif. 438 (1923)

= Cirsium occidentale subsp. candidissimum (Greene) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 67 (1911)

= Cirsium pastoris J.T.Howell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 30: 38 (1943), in adnot.

variant :

var. compactum Hoover; Vasc. Pl. San Luis Obispo Co. 310 (1970)

Name: Compact cobwebby thistle

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Remarks: of conservation concern

variant :

var. coulteri (Harv. & A.Gray) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. 509 (1901)

Name: Coulter´s thistle

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium coulteri Harv. & A.Gray; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 4: 110 (1849)

variant :

var. lucianum D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 214 (2004)

Name: Cuesta Ridge thistle

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Remarks: of conservation concern

variant :

var. venustum (Greene) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 1167 (1925)

Name: Venus thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus venustus Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 359 (1892), et Man. Bot. San Franc. Bay 218 (1894)

= Cirsium coulteri Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jeps.] 508 (1901) non Harv. & A. Gray

= Cirsium occidentale subsp. venustum (Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 493 (1917)

= Cirsium proteanum J.T.Howell; Leafl. West. Bot. 9: 14 (1959)

species :

Cirsium occidentalinipponense Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus., B (Tokyo), 23(3): 115 (1997)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium ochrocentrum A.Gray; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 4: 110 (1849)

Name: Yellowspine thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas)

73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus ochrocentrus (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1892 363 (1893)

= Carduus undulatus var. ochrocentrus (A.Gray) Rydb.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 510 (1896)

= Cirsium ochrocentrum var. townsendii Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 420 (1917)

= Cnicus ochrocentrus (A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 57 (1883)

= Cnicus undulatus var. ochrocentrus (A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 43 (1874)

variant :

var. martinii (Barlow-Irick) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)

Name: Martin´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora, Durango)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ochrocentrum subsp. martinii Barlow-Irick; Novon 9: 320, fig. 2 (1999)

species :

Cirsium ohminense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 32(2): 96 (2006)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop.; Annus Hist.-Nat. 2. 61 (1769)

Name: Kohl-Kratzdistel, Kohldistel (DE)

Distribution: England; Northern Ireland [I]; Ireland [I]; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk [I], W-Siberia); Kazakhstan

10 DEN fin GRB ire NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus acanthifolius Lam.; Encycl. 1: 703 (1785)

= Carduus oleraceus (L.) Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauph. 3: 21 (1788)

= Carduus rigens Godr.; Fl. Lorraine 2: 40 (1843)

= Cirsium lachenalii DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 648 (1838), pro syn.

= Cirsium oleraceum f. angustisectum (Murr ex Dalla Torre & Sarnth.) Hegi; 900 (1928)

= Cirsium oleraceum f. integrifolium Gugler ex Vollm.; 759 (1914)

= Cirsium oleraceum var. angustisectum Murr ex Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; 633 (1911)

= Cirsium oleraceum var. cordatoovatum Bogenh.; 259 (1850)

= Cirsium oleraceum var. dissectum Peterm.; 487 (1844)

= Cirsium oleraceum var. heterophyllum Bogenh.; 259 (1850)

= Cirsium oleraceum var. integrifolium Wender.; 281 (1846)

= Cirsium oleraceum var. integrum Peterm.; 596 (1843)

= Cirsium oleraceum var. pinnatifidum Wender.; 281 (1846)

= Cirsium oleraceum var. vulgare Bogenh.; 259 (1850)

= Cirsium pallens DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 647 (1838)

= Cirsium parviflorum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 647 (1838)

= Cirsium rigens (Willd.) Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 38 (1822), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium subalatum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 180 (1829)

= Cirsium thomasii Nägeli; Cirs. Schweiz: 93 (1840)

= Cirsium variabile Moench; Methodus 558 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium ×rigens var. laevigatum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 186 (1829)

= Cnicus bracteatus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 184 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Cnicus oleraceus L.; Sp. Pl. 826 (1753)

= Cnicus pratensis Lam.; Fl. Franc. 2: 14 (1779)

= Cnicus rigens Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 3: 1675 (1803)

= Cynara colorata Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 148 (1812)

= Onotrophe oleracea (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. 36: 146 (1825)

= Serratula oleracea (L.) Neck.; Act. Acad. Theod. Palat. 2: 465 (1770)

species :

Cirsium oligophyllum (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.; Enum. Sci. Names 82 (1895)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium autumnale Kitam.; Cirsium Nov. Or.-Asiat. 20 (1931)

= Cnicus oligophyllus Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 412 (1895)

variant :

var. nikkoense (Nakai) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 29: 126 (1978)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus nikkoensis Nakai ex Matsum.; Ic. Pl. Koisikav. 1: 45 (1912)

= Cirsium nikkoense Nakai ex Matsum. & Koidz.; Bot. Mag. Tokyo 24: 163 (1910)

= Cirsium japonicum subsp. nikkoense (Nakai ex Matsum. & Koidz.) Nakai; (1911)

species :

Cirsium opacum (Kitam.) Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 32(2): 99 (2006)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium lucens var. opacum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 19: 179 (1963)

species :

Cirsium orizabense Klatt; Leopoldina, Heft 24: (1888) 128 in syn.

Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus orizabensis Klatt; Leopoldina, Heft 24: 128 (1888)

species :

Cirsium otayae Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 8 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium babanum var. otayae (Kitam.) Kitam.; (1937)

species :

Cirsium ownbeyi S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Nat., 42(2): 200 (1982)

Name: Ownbey´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA

species :

Cirsium pablillo G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 9 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium pacificum G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 17 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Sinaloa, Sonora, Nayarit)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 128 (1771)

Name: Sumpf-Kratzdistel (DE)

Distribution: Faeroe Isl.; England; Northern Ireland; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; ?Morocco; ?Algeria; Azores [I] (Flores Isl. [I]); Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], Wisconsin [I])

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 21 azo 30 SIB 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 74 usa 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus acanthoides Hornem.; Oeder, Fl. Dan.: t. 1341 (1808), nom. illeg.

= Carduus altissimus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 186 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Carduus chailletii (Gaudin) Godr.; Fl. Lorr. 2: 42 (1843)

= Carduus laciniatus Lam.; Encyc. 1: 706 (1783)

= Carduus palustris L.; Sp. Pl. 822 (1753)

= Cirsium chailletii Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 182 (1829)

= Cirsium forsteri Loudon; Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 585 (1832)

= Cirsium kochianum Loehr; Flora 25: 111 (1842)

= Cirsium lacteum Schleich. ex W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 394 (1821)

= Cirsium palustre subsp. transmontanum Cout.; Fl. Portugal 2: 766 (1939), nom. inval.

= Cirsium palustre var. albiflorum Kabath; 166 (1846)

= Cirsium palustre var. canescens J.J.Schmitz & Regel; 270 (1841)

= Cirsium palustre var. chailletii (Gaudin) Garcke; 257 (1848)

= Cirsium palustre var. cristatus Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 438 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Cirsium palustre var. mitius Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 438 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Cirsium palustre var. pallidum Iverus; Bot. Not. 1875: 81 (1875)

= Cirsium palustre var. seminudum Neilr.; 261 (1846)

= Cirsium palustre var. spinosissimum Neilr.; 261 (1846), nom. inval.

= Cirsium palustre var. spinosissimum Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 190 (1865)

= Cirsium palustre var. torfaceum Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France Corse 2: 214 (1850)

= Cirsium palustre var. torphaceum Gren. & Godr.; 212 (1850), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium palustriforme Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Turol 6: III. 622 (1912)

= Cirsium parviflorum Lange ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 409 (1879)

= Cirsium subalpinum Schleich. ex Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 15: 73 (1853), nom. inval.

= Cnicus palustris (L.) Willd.; Prod. Fl. Berl. 260 (1787)

= Cnicus semipectinatus Thom. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 389 (1840)

= Cynara palustris (L.) Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 154 (1812)

= Onotrophe palustris (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. 36: 146 (1825)

= Polyacantha palustris (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. 1: 70 (1769)

= Polycantha palustris (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew.: 59 (1768)

= Serratula palustris (L.) Neck.; Act. Acad. Theod. Palat. 2: 465 (1770)

species :

Cirsium pannonicum (L.f.) Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 229 (1822)

Name: Pannonische Kratzdistel (DE)

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Spain; N-Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Belarus; C-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine

11 AUT CZE HUN POL SLO SWI 12 SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR MLD RUS UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus pannonicus L.f.; Suppl. 348 (1782)

= Carduus serratuloides (Scop.) Jacq.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 127 (1774)

= Cirsium canum subsp. pannonicum (L.f.) Stoj. & Stef.; Fl. Bulg.: 1166 (1925)

= Cirsium dollinerii Sch.Bip. ex Hausm.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 373 (1858)

= Cirsium pannonicum var. legionense Camara; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 344 (1955)

= Cirsium pseudocanum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 421 421 (1866)

= Cirsium pseudooleraceum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 423 (1866)

= Cirsium serratuloides Scop.; Fl. Carniol. ed. II. 2: 127 (1771)

= Cirsium subsagittatum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 421 (1866)

= Cirsium zugazae Losa & P.Monts.; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 10: 468 (1952)

= Cnicus asiaticus Siev.; Neueste B. Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Völkerbeschreib. 7: 350 (1796)

= Cnicus pannonicus (L.f.) Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 444 (1831)

= Serratula pannonica (L.f.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 389 (1826)

species :

Cirsium parryi (A.Gray) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68 (1911)

Name: Parry thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus gilensis Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 16: 195 (1913)

= Carduus inornatus Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 195 (1913)

= Carduus pallidus Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 16: 195 (1913)

= Carduus parryi Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1892 362 (1892)

= Carduus viridiflorus Greene; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt.: 585 (1909)

= Cirsium gilense (Wooton & Standl.) Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 19: 751 (1915)

= Cirsium inornatum (Wooton & Standl.) Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 19: 751 (1915)

= Cirsium pallidum (Wooton & Standl.) Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 19: 751 (1915)

= Cirsium parryi subsp. mogollonicum Schaack & Goodwin; Madroño, 37(4): 300 (1990 publ. 1991)

= Cirsium parryi subsp. viridiflorum (Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 323 (1917)

= Cnicus parryi A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts x 47 (1874)

species :

Cirsium pascuarense (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 372 (1826)

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus pascuarensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.], ed. fol. 4: 22, t. 310 (1818)

species :

Cirsium peckii L.F.Hend.; Madrono 5: 97 (1939)

Name: Steens Mountain or ghost thistle

Distribution: USA (Nevada, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium eatonii var. peckii (L.F.Hend.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 212 (2004)

species :

Cirsium pectinellum A.Gray; Mem. Am. Acad. N. S. 6: 395 (1858 publ. 1859)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido)

31 RFE 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium kamtschaticum subsp. pectinellum (A.Gray) Kitam.; (1957)

= Cirsium mamiyanum Koidz.; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 27: Art. 13, 124 (1910)

= Cirsium modestum Miyabe & Kudô; Miyabe & Miyake, Fl. Saghalin, No. 339 (1915)

= Cirsium pectinellum var. angustilobum Nakai; (1932)

= Cirsium pectinellum var. fallax Nakai; (1932)

= Cirsium pectinellum var. modestum Nakai

= Cnicus pectinellus (A.Gray) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 19: 494 (1874)

species :

Cirsium pendulum Fisch. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 650 (1837)

Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (SE-Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, WC-Yunnan); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium falcatum Turcz. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 650 (1837)

= Cirsium hilgendorfii (Franch. & Sav.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 19: 298 (1905)

= Cirsium provosti (Franch.) Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44: 51 (1938)

= Cnicus hilgendorfi Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 410 (1878)

= Cnicus pendulus (Fisch. ex DC.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 19(5): 510 (1874)

= Cnicus provosti Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 11: 23 (1897)

species :

Cirsium periacanthaceum C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 396, pl. 1, f. 4 (1984)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Cirsium perplexans (Rydb.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 441 (1917)

Name: Adobe Hills thistle

Distribution: USA (Colorado)

73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus americanus var. perplexans A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt.: 585 (1909)

= Carduus arvensis var. albiflorus Farw.; Asa Gray Bull. 3: 22 (1895)

= Carduus perplexans Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 132 (1905)

= Carduus vernalis Osterh.; Muhlenbergia 7: 12 (1911)

= Cirsium vernale (Osterh.) Cockerell; Univ. Colorado Stud. 9: 78 (1912)

species :

Cirsium phulchokiense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26(1-2): 16 (1974)

Distribution: Nepal; India (Sikkim)

40 IND NEP

species :

Cirsium pinetorum Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 267 (1905)

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium acantholepis var. pinetorum (Greenm.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27, pt. 2: 212 (1910)

species :

Cirsium pitcheri (Torr. ex Eaton) Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 456 (1843)

Name: Dune or sand-dune thistle

Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus pitcheri (Torr. ex Eaton) Porter; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 345 (1894)

= Carduus pitcheri (Torr. ex Eaton) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2(1): 284 (1840)

= Cirsium pitcheri f. magenteum E.G.Voss; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 350 (2001)

= Cnicus pitcheri Torr. ex Eaton; Man. Bot. N. States, ed. 5, 180 (1829)

species :

Cirsium pitouchaoense S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 3: 236 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Cirsium praeteriens J.F.Macbr.; Contrib. Gray Herb. n. s. 53: 19 (1918)

Name: Palo Alto thistle

Distribution: USA (+California)

76 USA

species :

Cirsium pringlei (S.Watson) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 238 (1910)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus pringlei (S.Watson) Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1892 364 (1892)

= Cnicus pringlei S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 156 (1890)

species :

Cirsium pseudocreticum (P.H.Davis & Parris) Yildiz, Dirmenci & Arabaci; Türk. Bitkileri List. 144 (2012)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium alatum subsp. pseudocreticum P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 33(3): 414 (1975)

species :

Cirsium pseudopersonata Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 545 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. pseudopersonata

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. kusnezowianum (Sommier & Levier) Petr.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 2 1: 33 (1960)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

33 GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium kusnezowianum Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 155 (1892), et in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. It. Ser. 2, 2: 16 (1895)

species :

Cirsium pseudosuffultum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 32(2): 92 (2006)

Distribution: Japan (Shikoku)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium pubigerum (Desf.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 650 (1838)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, N-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium depilatum Boiss. & Balansa; Boiss. Fl. Orient. 3: 543 (1875)

= Cirsium depilatum var. glomeratum Freyn & Sint.

= Cirsium hygrophiloides Kharadze; Not. Syst. Geogr. Inst. Bot. Thbiliss., Fasc. 22, 76 (1961)

= Cirsium pubigerum var. caniforme Petr.

= Cirsium pubigerum var. glomeratum (Freyn & Sint.) P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 33(3): 430 (1975)

= Cirsium pubigerum var. paphlagonicum Petr.

= Cnicus pubigerus Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 399 (1829)

variant :

var. spinosum Petr.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 2: 19 (1960)

Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium iraqense Petr.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 109: 168 (1973)

species :

Cirsium pulchellum (Greene) Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 19: 752 (1915)

Name: Four Corners thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus bipinnatus A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 5 (1900)

= Carduus diffusus (Eastw.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 6 (1900)

= Carduus pulchellus Greene ex Rydb.; Fl. Colorado: 400, 401 (1906)

= Carduus truncatus Greene; Fl. Colorado: 400, 401 (1906)

= Cirsium arizonicum var. bipinnatum (Eastw.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 209 (2004)

= Cirsium bipinnatum (Eastw.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1010 (1917)

= Cirsium calcareum var. bipinnatum (Eastw.) S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Nat., 43(2): 249 (1983)

= Cirsium calcareum var. pulchellum (Greene ex Rydb.) S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Nat., 43(2): 249 (1983)

= Cirsium diffusum (Eastw.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1010 (1917)

= Cirsium effusum Matsum.; Index Pl. Jap. 2(2): 639 (1912)

= Cirsium pulchellum subsp. bipinnatum (Eastw.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 513 (1917)

= Cirsium pulchellum subsp. diffusum (Eastw.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 514 (1917)

= Cirsium pulchellum var. glabrescens Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 511 (1917)

= Cnicus bipinnatus (Eastw.) Eastw.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Ser. 12(1): 121 (1898)

= Cnicus diffusus Eastw.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, Bot. 1: 121 (1898)

= Cnicus drummondii var. bipinnatus Eastw.; Zoe 4: 8 (1893)

= Cnicus effusus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 19: 500 (1874)

species :

Cirsium pulcherrimum (Rydb.) K.Schum.; Bot. Jahresber. [Just] 29(1): 566 (1903)

Name: Wyoming thistle

Distribution: USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Utah, Wyoming)

73 USA 74 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus pulcherrimus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 510 (1901)

variant :

var. aridum (Dorn) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)

Name: Cedar Rim thistle

Distribution: USA (Wyoming)

73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium aridum Dorn; Vasc. Pl. Wyoming (ed. 2): 304 (1992)

species :

Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 3: 375 (1826)

Name: Pasture thistle

Distribution: USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia)

75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus odoratus Porter; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 345 (1894)

= Carduus pumilus Nutt.; Gen. Am. 2: 130 (1818) non Vill.

= Cirsium odoratum (Muhl.) Britton; Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. Ed. 2, 3: 552 (1913) ex Petr.

= Cirsium pumilum f. candidum Fernald; Rhodora 45: 354 (1943)

= Cirsium pumilum f. fultius Fernald; Rhodora 45: 354 (1943)

= Cnicus odoratus (Muhl.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.; Prelim. Cat. 30 (1888)

= Cnicus pumilus (Nutt.) Torr.; Compend. 282 (1826)

variant :

var. hillii (Canby) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 94: 646 (1972)

Name: Hill´s thistle

Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin)

72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus hillii (Canby) Porter; Mem, Torrey Bot. Club 5: 344 (1894)

= Cirsium hillii (Canby) Fernald; Rhodora 10: 95 (1908)

= Cirsium hillii f. albiflorum E.G.Voss; Mich. Bot., 18(-1): 139 (1995 publ. 1996)

= Cirsium hillii Fernald; Rhodora 10: 95 (1908)

= Cirsium pumilum f. albiflorum Scoggan; Fl. Canada 1: 52 (1978)

= Cirsium pumilum subsp. hillii (Canby) R.J.Moore & Frankton; Canad. J. Bot. 44: 588 (1966)

= Cnicus hillii Canby; Gard. and For. 4: 101 (1891)

species :

Cirsium purpuratum (Maxim.) Matsum.; Enum. Sci. Names 83 (1895)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus purpuratus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 19: 491 (1879)

species :

Cirsium pyrenaicum (Jacq.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 151 (1785)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; France; Morocco

12 FRA POR SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus jacquinii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 152 (1821)

= Carduus paniculatus Aiton; Hort. Kew. ed. I. 3: 143 (1789)

= Carduus pyrenaicus Jacq.; Observ. Bot. [Jacq.] 4: 11, t. 95 (1771)

= Cirsium allionii Thurm. ex Ardoino; Fl. Anal. Alpes-Mar.: 198 (1867)

= Cirsium flavispina Boiss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 7: 305 (1838)

= Cirsium fulvispinum Walp.Repert.Bot.Syst.2: 676 , sphalm.

= Cirsium matritense Lag. ex Cutanda; Fl. Comp. Madrid, 409 (1861)

= Cirsium monspessulanum subsp. pyrenaicum (DC.) R.C.V.Douin; Bonnier, Fl. Ill. France 6: 32 (1923)

= Cirsium monspessulanum var. discolor Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 43 (1904)

= Cirsium monspessulanum var. pyrenaicum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 645 (1838)

= Cirsium paniculatum Vahl ex Willk. & Lange; Prod. Fl. Hisp. 2: 186 (1865)

= Cirsium pyrenaicum (Jacq.) DC.; Fl. Franc. 4: 112 (1805)

= Cirsium pyrenaicum var. paniculatum (Vahl) Talavera & Valdés; Lagascalia 5: 179 (1976)

= Cnicus flavispinus (Boiss. ex DC.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 522 (1878)

= Cnicus pyrenaicus (Jacq.) Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1664 (1803)

variant :

var. longespinosum (Kunze) Talavera & Valdés; Lagascalia 5(2): 177 (1976)

Distribution: Portugal; S-Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium castellanum Willk.; Linnaea 30: 109 (1859 publ. 1860)

= Cirsium flavispina var. castellanum (Willk.) Lange; Pugill. Pl. Hispan. 141 (1861)

= Cirsium flavispina var. longespinosum Kunze; Chlor. Austro-Hispan. 26 (1846)

variant :

var. micranthum Talavera & Valdés; Lagascalia 5(2): 180 (1976)

Distribution: SE-Spain

12 SPA

species :

Cirsium quercetorum (A.Gray) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. 507 (1901)

Name: Brownie or Alameda Co. thistle

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus quercetorum (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 362 (1892), et Man Bot. San Franc, Bay 218 (1894)

= Cirsium quercetorum var. campylolepis Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 362 (1917)

= Cirsium quercetorum var. mendocinum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 364 (1917)

= Cirsium quercetorum var. walkerianum (Petr.) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jeps.] 1164 (1925)

= Cirsium quercetorum var. xerolepis Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 363 (1917)

= Cirsium walkerianum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 405 (1917)

= Cnicus quercetorum A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 40 (1874)

species :

Cirsium racemiforme Y.Ling & C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(6): 445-446, pl. 1, f. 1 (1984)

Distribution: China (W-Fujian, NE-Guangxi, SW-Guizhou, SW-Hunan, NE-Jiangxi, SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Cirsium radians Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 77 (1841)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras

79 MEX 80 GUA HON

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus radians (Benth.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 252 (1881)

= Cirsium guatemalense S.F.Blake; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24: 442 (1934)

species :

Cirsium rassulovii B.A.Sharipova; Izv. Akad. Nauk Tadzh. SSR, Biol. Nauk, 1(114): 66 (1989)

Distribution: Tajikistan

32 TZK

species :

Cirsium remotifolium (Hook.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 655 (1838)

Name: Remote-leaved thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon, Washington)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus remotifolius Hook.; Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 302 (1833)

= Cirsium stenolepidum Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 419 (1840)

= Cnicus remotifolius A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 47 (1874)

variant :

var. odontolepis Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 298 (1917)

Name: Pacific fringed or fringe-scaled thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus callilepis Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 358 (1893)

= Cirsium amblylepis Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 312 (1917)

= Cirsium americanum var. callilepis (Greene) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jeps.] 1164 (1925)

= Cirsium callilepe (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 507 (1901)

= Cirsium callilepis var. oregonense (Petr.) J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 10 (1959)

= Cirsium callilepis var. pseudocarlinoides (Petr.) J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 10 (1959)

= Cirsium remotifolium subsp. oregonense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 300 (1917)

= Cirsium remotifolium subsp. pseudocarlinoides Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Abt. 2: 297 (1917)

= Cirsium remotifolium var. oregonense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 300 (1917)

variant :

var. rivulare Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 1164 (1925)

Name: Klamath thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium acanthodontum S.F.Blake; Contrib. Gray Herb. n. s. 53: 28 (1918)

= Cirsium oreganum Piper; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wrsh. 32: 43 (1919)

species :

Cirsium rengehydrophilum Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 96(3): 135 (2021)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium repandum Michx.; Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 89 (1803)

Name: Sand-hill or coastal-plain thistle

Distribution: USA (Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia)

78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus repandus (Michx.) Pers.; Syn. 2: 386 (1807)

= Carduus virginianus Walter; Fl. Carol. 195 (1788) non L. 1753

= Cnicus repandus (Michx.) Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 269 (1823)

species :

Cirsium rhabdotolepis Petr.; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, 1924-25, n. s. Pt. 2, 49 (1926)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

species :

Cirsium rhaphilepis (Hemsl.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 242 (1910)

Distribution: Mexico (Mexico Distr. Federal, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Mexico State, Morelos, Querétaro)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus rhaphilepis (Hemsl.) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 362 (1893)

= Cnicus reglensis Klatt; Leopoldina 24: 128 (1888)

= Cnicus rhaphilepis Hemsl.; Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 252 (1881)

species :

Cirsium rhinoceros (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 364 (1912)

Distribution: South Korea

38 KOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium rhinoceros f. albiflorum Sakata; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 31: 116 (1952)

= Cirsium rhinoceros var. albiflorum Y.N.Lee; Korean J. Bot. 24: 29 (1981)

= Cnicus rhinoceros H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 168 (1910)

species :

Cirsium rhizocephalum C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Caucasus 70 (1831)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Ghorat, Kabul, Wardak, Parwan); Pakistan (Chitral)

32 TKM TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN TUR 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium esculentum subsp. frickii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Petr.

= Cirsium esculentum var. caucasicum C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Cauc.: 70 (1831)

= Cirsium frickii Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Pétersb. 6: 47 (1849)

= Cirsium grumosum Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Mem. Acad. Petersb. Ser. VI. Sci. Nat. 6: 48 (1849)

= Cirsium rhizocephalum subsp. frickii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3(1): 15 (1999)

= Cirsium rhizocephalum subsp. sinuatum (Boiss.) P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 33(3): 430 (1975)

= Cirsium rhizocephalum var. caulescens Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 542 (1875)

= Cirsium rhizocephalum var. sinuatum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 542 (1875)

= Cirsium sinuatum Boiss. & Kotschy; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 542 (1875)

= Cnicus rhizocephalus (C.A.Mey.) Wright & Dewar; Johnson´s Gard. Dict.: 224 (1894)

species :

Cirsium rhothophilum S.F.Blake; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 336 (1931), nom. nov.

Name: Surf thistle

Distribution: USA (California)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus maritimus Elmer; Bot. Gaz. 39: 45 (1905), not Cirsium maritimum Makino 1910

= Cirsium maritimum (Elmer) Davidson & Moxley; Fl. S. Calif. 438 (1923), isonym

= Cirsium maritimum (Elmer) Petr.; Cirsioth. Univ. Fasc. 12: No. 115 (1914), et in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(11): 288 (1917)

species :

Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) All.; Auct. Fl. Pedem. 10 (1789)

Name: Bach-Kratzdistel (DE)

Distribution: England; Sweden [I]; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Sachsen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Spain; Andorra; France; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Ukraine

10 GRB swe 11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR LIT RUS UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus erisithales Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauph. 2: 20 (1788) non Jacq. 1762

= Carduus pontederae (Pollini) Steud.; Nom. ed. I. 153 (1821)

= Carduus rivularis Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 1: 57 (1773)

= Carduus salisburgensis Pers.; Syn. 2: 388 (1807)

= Carduus semipectinatus Lam.; Encyc. 1: 705 (1783)

= Carduus tricephalodes Lam.; Encyc. 1: 704 (1783)

= Cirsium carniolicum All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 149 (1785) non Scop. 1772

= Cirsium erisithales subsp. rivulare (Jacq.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 176 (1894)

= Cirsium gracile Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 422 (1866)

= Cirsium ledebourii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2(1): 368 (1840)

= Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 301 (1822), isonym

= Cirsium rivulare f. integrifolium Vollm.; 761 (1914)

= Cirsium rivulare f. pseudintegrifolium Vollm.; 761 (1914)

= Cirsium rivulare f. salisburgense (Willd.) Vollm.; 761 (1914)

= Cirsium rivulare f. tomentellum B.Fleisch.; Dörfl., 223 (1904)

= Cirsium rivulare var. ramosum M.Loehr; 360 (1852)

= Cirsium rivulare var. salisburgense (Willd.) Asch.; 358 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium rivulare var. submonocephalum Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 2: 117 (1904)

= Cirsium salisburgense (Willd.) G.Don; Loudon Hort. Brit. 331 (1830)

= Cirsium semipectinatum (Lam.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 3: 378 (1826)

= Cirsium tricephalodes (Lam.) DC.; Fl. Franc. 4: 116 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium tricephalum St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon, vil. 122 (1880)

= Cnicus autareticus Loisel.; Fl. Gall. 2: 541 (1807)

= Cnicus pontederae Pollini; Giorn. Fis. Chim. Storia Nat. Med. Arti 9: 98 (1816)

= Cnicus rivularis (Jacq.) Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1676 (1803)

= Cnicus rivularis var. multiflorus Uechtr.; 263 (1820)

= Cnicus salisburgensis Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1675 (1803)

= Cnicus seminudus Schleich. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 650 (1838)

= Cnicus semipectinatus (Lam.) Hornem.; Suppl. Hort. Bot. Hafn.: 93 (1819)

= Serratula salisburgensis (Willd.) Poir.; Encyc. 6: 564 (1805)

species :

Cirsium roseolum Gorl.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 74(12): 1783 (1989)

Distribution: S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine

14 RUS UKR

species :

Cirsium rosulatum Talavera & Valdés; Lagascalia 5(2): 154 (1976)

Distribution: SE-Spain (Segura, Cazorla, Alcaraz)

12 SPA

species :

Cirsium rupinarum G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 24 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena

species :

Cirsium rydbergii Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 315 (1917)

Name: Rydberg´s or alcove thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Utah)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium lactucinum Rydb.; Fl Rocky Mts. 1010 (1917)

species :

Cirsium sairamense (C.Winkl.) O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkest. 4: 286 (1911)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium semenovii subsp. sairamense (C.Winkl.) Petr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 61(9): 323 (1911)

= Cnicus sairamensis C.Winkl.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9(2): 522-523 (1886)

species :

Cirsium scapanolepis Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 559 (1917)

Distribution: USA (Colorado)

73 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus spathulatus Osterh.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 612 (1905)

= Cirsium spathulifolium Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts.: 1011, 1068 (1917), nom. superfl.

species :

Cirsium scariosum Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 420 (1840)

Name: Meadow or elk thistle

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Québec); USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming)

71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus butleri Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 542 (1910)

= Carduus drummondii var. acaulescens Coville; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 142 (1893)

= Carduus lacerus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 543 (1910)

= Carduus magnificus A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 53: 228 (1912)

= Carduus scariosus (Nutt.) A.Heller; Cat. N. Am. Pl. 7 (1898)

= Cirsium butleri Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1009 (1917) ex Petr.

= Cirsium drummondii var. lanatum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 354 (1917)

= Cirsium foliosum var. minganense (Vict.) B.Boivin; Phytologia 23: 115 (1972)

= Cirsium hookerianum var. scariosum (Nutt.) B.Boivin; Phytologia 23(1): 116 (1972)

= Cirsium lacerum (Rydb.) Rydb.; Fl Rocky Mts. 1010 (1917) ex Petr.

= Cirsium magnificum (A.Nelson) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1010 (1917) ex Petr.

= Cirsium minganense f. album Vict. & J.Rousseau; Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 36: 55 (1940)

= Cirsium minganense Vict.; Mem. Soc. Roy. Canada, ser. III. 19: sect. 1, 81 (1925)

= Cnicus scariosus (Nutt.) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 1(2): 402 (1884)

variant :

var. citrinum (Petr.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)

Name: La Graciosa thistle

Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus validus Greene; Fl. Francisc. 479 (1897)

= Cirsium drummondii subsp. latisquamum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 358 (1917)

= Cirsium loncholepis Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 375 (1917)

= Cirsium quercetorum var. citrinum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 363 (1917)

= Cirsium scariosum var. loncholepis (Petr.) D.J.Keil; Aliso 28: 57 (2010)

= Cirsium validum (Greene) Ackerf. & D.J.Keil; J. Syst. Evol. 58: 905 (2020), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium vickifunkiae U.B.Deshmukh & M.B.Shende; Feddes Repert. 133(2): 120 (2021), nom. nov. for C. validum (Greene) Ackerf. & D. J. Keil

variant :

var. robustum D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)

Name: Shasta Valley thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

variant :

var. thorneae S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 42: 201 (1982)

Name: Thorne´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Utah)

73 USA 76 USA

variant :

var. toiyabense D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 216 (2004)

Name: Toiyabe thistle

Distribution: USA (Idaho, Nevada, Oregon)

73 USA 76 USA

species :

Cirsium schantarense Trautv. & C.A.Mey.; Fl. Ochot. Phaenog. 1(2): 58 (1856)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium diamantiacum (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 363 (1912)

= Cirsium fusenense Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 70 (1940)

= Cirsium litorale Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 173 (1859)

= Cirsium litorale var. nudum Regel; Tent. Fl. Ussur. 95 (1861)

= Cirsium maackii var. spiniferum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 624 (1932)

= Cirsium pendulum var. oligocephalum Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 107 (1859)

= Cirsium schantarense f. albiflorum Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea: 1162 (1996), without type

= Cirsium zenii Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 71 (1940)

= Cnicus diamantiacus Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 99 (1909)

= Cnicus japonicus var. schantarensis (Trautv. & C.A.Mey.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 19(5): 506-507 (1874)

species :

Cirsium scopulorum (Greene) Cockerell ex Daniels; Univ. Missourn Studies, Sci. Ser. 2: No. 2, 253 (1911)

Name: Mountain or alpine thistle

Distribution: USA (Colorado, New Mexico, Utah)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus hookerianus var. eriocephalus (A.Gray) A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt. 585 (1909)

= Carduus scopulorum Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1892 362 (1892)

= Cirsium eatonii var. eriocephalum (A.Gray) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 1645 (2005)

= Cirsium eriocephalum A.Gray; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1863: 69 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Cnicus eriocephalus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 46 (1874)

species :

Cirsium semenowii Regel & Schmalh.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40(3): 161 (1867)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Chamaepeuce macrantha var. bracteata Rupr.

= Cnicus semenowii (Regel & Schmalh.) C.Winkl.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9(2): 523 (1886)

species :

Cirsium senjoense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 32 (1936)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium serratuloides (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. 64 (1768)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Khabarovsk); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia

11 ger 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus serratuloides L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 825 (1753)

= Cirsium asiaticum Schischk.; Fl. Sibir. Centr. 2: 2890 (1949)

= Cnicus serratuloides (L.) Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 346 (1788)

species :

Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 34: 54.(1920)

Distribution: North Korea; South Korea

38 KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium chanroenicum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 368 (1912)

= Cirsium chanroenicum var. lanceolata Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., ser. B, Biol. 13: 90 (1937)

= Cirsium chanroenicum var. pinnatifolium Y.N.Lee; Alp. Flow. Korea: 409 (2000)

= Cirsium setidens f. albiflorum Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea: 1163 (1996), without type

= Cirsium setidens f. lanceolatum (Kitam.) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl.: 342 (2004)

= Cirsium setidens f. niveoaraneum (Kitam.) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl.: 343 (2004)

= Cirsium setidens var. chanroenicum (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 178 (2004)

= Cirsium setidens var. niveoaraneum Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., ser. B, Biol. 13: 109 (1937)

= Cirsium setidens var. pinnatifolium Y.N.Lee; Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 4: 8 (2004)

= Saussurea setidens Dunn; J. Bot. 45: 403 (1907)

species :

Cirsium shansiense Petr.; Mitth. Thür. Bot. Vereins 1: 176. (1943)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Chongqing, SE-Fujian, S-Gansu, NE-Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, S-Hunan, NW-Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, E-Qinghai, S-Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); NE-Tibet; Bhutan; India (Meghalaya, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Myanmar; ?Vietnam

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium chinense var. australe Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(5): 628 (1901)

= Cirsium lineare f. incisolobatum Kitam.; J. Jap. Bot. 20(4): 200 (1944)

= Cirsium lineare f. vestitum Kitam.; J. Jap. Bot. 20(4): 199 (1944)

= Cirsium lineare var. intermedium (Pamp.) Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43(1107-1110): 276-277 (1938)

= Cirsium lineare var. rigidum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43(1107-1110): 274-275 (1938)

= Cirsium lineare var. spatulatum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43(1107-1110): 277-278 (1938)

= Cirsium lineare var. tenii Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43(1107-1110): 278-279 (1938)

= Cirsium lineare var. yunnanense Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43(1107-1110): 277 (1938)

= Cirsium wallichii var. intermedium Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s., 18(1): 87-88 (1911)

species :

Cirsium shidokimontanum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 28(3): 99 (2002)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium shihianum Greuter; Fl. China 20-21: 175 (2011), nom. nov.

Distribution: China (Xinjiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium tenuifolium C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(6): 452-453, pl. 1, f. 4 (1984)

species :

Cirsium shimae Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 35(3): 106 (2009)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium shinanense Shimizu; Bull. Sugadaira Biol. Lab. 4: 4 (1971)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium sichuanense Z.C.Jin & Y.S.Chen; Phytotaxa 576(2): 163 (2022)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Cirsium sidi-guinii Pau & Font Quer; Font Quer, Iter Marocc., No. 458 [1930](1929)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Cirsium sieboldii Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 184 (1866)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium austrokiushianum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 30 (1936)

= Cirsium austrosatsumense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 35, japonice (1936)

= Cirsium longipes Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 26: 378 (1912)

= Cirsium paludigenum Y.F.Lu, Z.H.Chen & X.F.Jin; J. Pl. Resourc. Environ. 30: 5 (2021)

= Cirsium reinii (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.; Ind. Pl. Jap. 2: 11. 642 (1912)

= Cirsium sieboldii subsp. austrokiushianum (Kitam.) Kitam.

= Cnicus reinii Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 413 (1877)

= Cnicus sieboldii (Miq.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 19: 508 (1874)

form :

f. leucanthum T.Shimizu; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon., 37(2): 120 (1989)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium sieversii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Petr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 61(9): 324 (1911)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium polyacanthum Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 450 (1841)

= Cirsium sieversii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 335 (1846) ex Petr.

= Echenais sieversii Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 44 (1841)

species :

Cirsium simplex C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Caucasus 70 (1831)

subspecies :

subsp. simplex

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)

33 ARM GEO NCS 34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. armenum (DC.) Petr.; Izv. Kavkazsk. Muz. 8: 63 (1914)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium armenum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 647 (1838)

subspecies :

subsp. satdaghense P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 33(3): 420 (1975)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Cirsium skutchii S.F.Blake; Brittonia 2: 357 (1937)

Distribution: Guatemala

80 GUA

species :

Cirsium souliei (Franch.) Mattf. ex Rehder & Kobuski; J. Arnold Arbor. 14(1): 42 (1933)

Distribution: China (Gansu, S-Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan); Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Chumbi)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus souliei Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 11: 21 (1897)

species :

Cirsium spicatum (Maxim.) Matsum.; Enum. Sci. Names 83 (1895)

Distribution: Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus spicatus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 19: 501 (1874)

species :

Cirsium spinosissimum (L.) Scop.; Annus Hist.-Nat. 2. 62 (1769)

Name: Alpen-Kratzdistel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; France; Italy; Slovenia

11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus comosus Lam.; Encyc. 1: 703 (1783)

= Carduus glaber Steud.; Nom. ed. I. 152 (1821)

= Carduus spinosissimus (L.) Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauph. 3: 11 (1788)

= Carthamus involucratus Lam.; Fl. Franc. 2: 12 (1779)

= Cirsium caput-medusae Schur ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 408 408 (1879)

= Cirsium spitzelii Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 408 (1879)

= Cnicus purpureus (All.) Bertol.; Fl. It. 9: 21 (1853)

= Cnicus spinosissimus L.; Sp. Pl. 826 (1753)

species :

Cirsium spinosum Kitam.; Cirsium Nov. Or.-Asiat. 19 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Kyushu, Amami Oshima)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium spinuliferum (Kitam.) Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 35(1): 47 (2009)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium kagamontanum var. spinuliferum Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., ser. B, Biol. 13: 99 (1937)

species :

Cirsium stojanovii Kuzmanov; Velcev et al., Sto God. Rozd. Akad. N. A. Stojanov: 60 (1988)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

species :

Cirsium subcoriaceum (Less.) Sch.Bip.; Bot. Voy. Herald, 312 (1856)

Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, Hidalgo, México State, Michoacan, Puebla, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Chiapas); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama

79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus heterolepis (Benth.) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 363 (1893)

= Carduus subcoriaceus Less.; Linnaea 5: 130 (1830)

= Cirsium heterolepis Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 87 (1841)

= Cirsium maximum Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 289 (1849)

= Cirsium pinnatisectum (Klatt) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 236 (1910)

= Cirsium platycephalum Benth. ex Oerst.; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 110 (1852)

= Cnicus cernuus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 44 (1874)

= Cnicus heterolepis (Benth.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 44 (1874)

= Cnicus pinnatisectus Klatt; Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 35: 292 (1895)

= Cnicus subcoriaceus (Less.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 2: 252 (1881)

species :

Cirsium subinerme Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Mem. Acad. Petersb. Ser. VI. Sci. Nat. 6: 55 (1849)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium elodes var. indivisum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 642 (1838)

= Cirsium leucopsis var. indivisum C.A.Mey.; Cirs. Ruth. 54 (1849)

= Cirsium leucopsis var. cinerascens C.A.Mey.; Cirs. Ruth. 54 (1849)

species :

Cirsium subuliforme G.B.Ownbey; Phytologia 50(5): 321 (1982)

Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Hidalgo, México State, Morelos, Puebla, Queretaro, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium suffultum (Maxim.) Matsum.; Index Pl. Jap. 2: 642 (1912)

Distribution: Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium kiushianum Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 26: 366 (1912)

= Cirsium ogatae Koidz.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 33: 116 (1919)

= Cirsium pexum Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 26: 365 (1912)

= Cnicus pexus (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 410

= Cnicus suffultus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 19: 98 (1874)

= Cnicus suffultus var. pexus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 19: 204 (1874)

species :

Cirsium suzukaense Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 13 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium suzukii Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 58 (1932)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Cirsium svaneticum Sommier & Levier; Nuov, Giorn. Bot. It. Ser. II. ii 20 (1895)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium leucopsis var. caucasicum Sommier & H.Lév.; (1895)

species :

Cirsium swaticum Petr.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss. Mat.-Naturwiss. 109: 167 (1973)

Distribution: Pakistan (Swat)

40 PAK

species :

Cirsium sychnosanthum Petr.; Mitt. Kauk. Mus. Tiflis 8: 63 (1914)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia

33 ARM GEO NCS

species :

Cirsium taiwanense Y.H.Tseng & Chih Y.Chang; PhytoKeys 183: 47, figs. 1C, 2C, 3C, 5, 6 (2021)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Cirsium takahashii Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 33(1): 40 (2007)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium tamastoloniferum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 38(1): 2 (2012)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium tancitaroense G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 17 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Michoacan)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena

species :

Cirsium tanegashimense Kitam. ex Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 30(2): 68 (2004)

Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium tashiroi Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 14 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

variant :

var. hidaense (Kitam.) Kadota; Fl. Japan, 3b: 125 (1995)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium hidaense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 7 (1934)

species :

Cirsium tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang; PhytoKeys 117: 125 (2019)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Cirsium tenorioianum G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 19 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium tenue Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 15 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium tenuipedunculatum Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus., B (Tokyo), 19(2): 46 (1993)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium tenuisquamatum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 150 (1932)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium tepehuanense G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 22 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena

species :

Cirsium teshioense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 39(3): 117 (2013)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium texanum Buckley; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. ´ 1861 ´ 460 (1862)

Name: Texas or Texas purple or southern thistle

Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)

74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus austrinus Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 1307 (1903)

= Carduus helleri Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 1307 (1903)

= Cirsium austrinum (Small) E.D.Schulz; Wild Fl. S. Antonio 242 (1922)

= Cirsium greenei Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 177 (1911)

= Cirsium helleri (Small) Cory; Rhodora 38: 408 (1936)

= Cirsium ochrocentrum subsp. helleri (Small) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Abt. 2: 419 (1917)

= Cirsium ochrocentrum var. helleri (Small) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Abt. 2: 418 (1917)

= Cirsium texanum var. stenolepis Shinners; Field & Lab. 19: 81 (1951)

= Cirsium undulatum subsp. helleri Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 419 (1917)

species :

Cirsium tianmushanicum C.Shih; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(2): 64-65 (1984)

Distribution: China (Zhejiang)

36 CHI

species :

Cirsium tioganum (Congdon) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 560 (1917)

Name: Dinnerplate or sessile or stemless thistle

Distribution: USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte)

73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus acaulescens (A.Gray) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club., 508 (1901)

= Carduus longissimus A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 3: 134 (1907)

= Carduus tioganus (Congdon) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 147 (1906)

= Cirsium acaule var. americanum A.Gray; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 15: 68 (1864)

= Cirsium acaulescens (A.Gray) Daniels; Univ. Missouri Studies, Sci. Ser. 2: No. 2, 254 (1911)

= Cirsium americanum (A.Gray) Daniels; Univ. Missouri Studies, Sci. Ser. 2: No. 2, 253 (1911)

= Cirsium coloradense subsp. acaulescens (A.Gray) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 370 (1917)

= Cirsium coloradense subsp. longissimum (A.Heller) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 371 (1917)

= Cirsium drummondii subsp. lanatum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 354 (1917)

= Cirsium drummondii subsp. vexans Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 359 (1917)

= Cirsium drummondii var. acaulescens (A.Gray) J.F.Macbr.; Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 22 (1918)

= Cirsium drummondii var. oregonense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 355 (1917)

= Cirsium drummondii var. vexans (Petr.) Piper; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 360 (1917)

= Cirsium scariosum var. americanum (A.Gray) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)

= Cnicus americanus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 56 (1884), non Carduus americanus (A. Gray) Greene

= Cnicus drummondii var. acaulescens A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 40 (1874)

= Cnicus tioganus Congdon; Erythea 7: 186 (1900)

species :

Cirsium togaense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 33(1): 30 (2007)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium tolucanum (B.L.Rob. & Seaton) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Contralbl. 27(2): 245 (1910)

Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus tolucanus B.L.Rob. & Seaton; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 111 (1893)

species :

Cirsium toyoshimae Koidz.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 33: 115 (1919)

Distribution: Bonin Isl. (Chichijima)

38 OGA

species :

Cirsium trachylomum S.F.Blake; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25: 322 (1935)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium tracyi (Rydb.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 424 (1917)

Name: Tracy´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Colorado, New Mexico, Utah)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus arcuatus Osterh.; Muhlenbergia 9: 55 (1913)

= Carduus floccosus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 133 (1905)

= Carduus tracyi Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 133 (1905)

= Cirsium arcuatum (Osterh.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1012 (1917) ex Petr.

= Cirsium floccosum (Rydb.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1013 (1917) ex Petr.

= Cirsium undulatum var. tracyi (Rydb.) S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Nat., 43(2): 254 (1983)

species :

Cirsium tuberosum (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 151 (1785)

Name: Knollige Kratzdistel (DE)

Distribution: England; Belgium [I]; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], +Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; +Austria; N-Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia

10 GRB 11 AUT bgm GER SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 CRO ITA SLV

Remarks: tuberosum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus bulbosus Lam.; Encyc. 1: 705 (1783)

= Carduus gouanii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 152 (1821)

= Carduus pedemontanus (Willd.) Pers.; Syn. 2: 389 (1807)

= Carduus tuberosus L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 824 (1753)

= Cirsium anglicum var. longicaule Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 103 (1893)

= Cirsium bulbosum (Lam.) DC.; Fl. Franc. 4: 118 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium bulbosum var. major M.Loehr; 360 (1852)

= Cirsium colmeroi Sennen & Pau; Bull. Géogr. Bot. 24: 243 (1914), pro syn.

= Cirsium inerme G.Don; Loudon Hort. Brit. 330 (1830) non Link 1822

= Cirsium salvadoris Sennen & Pau; Bull. Géogr. Bot. 23: 243 (1914), pro syn.

= Cirsium tuberosum proles bulbosum (Lam.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 57 (1905)

= Cirsium tuberosum f. foliosum (Peterm.) Hegi; 890 (1928)

= Cirsium tuberosum f. nanum (Lüscher) Hegi; 890 (1928)

= Cirsium tuberosum subsp. bulbosum (Lam.) Sudre; Fl. Toulous.: 117 (1907)

= Cirsium tuberosum var. dissectum Lam. ex Klett & Richt.; 673 (1830)

= Cirsium tuberosum var. foliosum Peterm.; 490 (1844)

= Cirsium tuberosum var. yvesii Briq. & Cavill.; Burnat, Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 37 (1931)

= Cnicus pedemontanus Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 3: 1675 (1803)

= Cnicus tuberosus (L.) Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 345 (1788)

= Cynara tuberosa (L.) Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 153 (1812)

= Ixine tuberosa (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. 61 (1768)

= Serratula tuberosa (L.) Neck.; Act. Acad. Theod. Palat. 2: 465 (1770)

species :

Cirsium tukuhnikivatzicum Ackerf.; Syst. Bot. 48(2): 357 (2023)

Distribution: USA (Utah)

76 USA

species :

Cirsium turneri Warnock; Southwest. Nat. 5: 101 (1960)

Name: Cliff thistle

Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)

77 USA 79 MEX

species :

Cirsium tymphaeum Hausskn.; Nyman Consp. Suppl. 2: I. 181, et in Mitth. Thür. Bot. Ver. N. Folge 7: 38 (1895)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece (Pindos to Olimpos)

13 ALB GRC KOS NMA SRB

species :

Cirsium uetsuense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 34(4-6): 114 (1983)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

form :

f. albiflorum Kadota; Fl. Japan, 3b: 146 (1995)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium ugoense Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 46: 629 (1932)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium uliginosum (M.Bieb.) Fisch.; Cat. Jard. Gorenki ed. 2: 35 (1812)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Iraq (NW-Iraq)

33 GEO NCS 34 IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus neglectus Steud.; Nom. ed. I. 153 (1821)

= Carduus uliginosus (M.Bieb.) Steud.; Nom. ed. I. 154 (1821)

= Cnicus uliginosus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur. Cauc. 2: 274 (1808)

species :

Cirsium umezawanum Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus., B (Tokyo), 24(4): 147 (1998)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 374 (1826)

Name: Wavyleaf or gray or pasture thistle

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Sonora)

71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus megacephalus A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mts. 587 (1909)

= Carduus undulatus Nutt.; Gen. Am. 2: 130 (1818)

= Carduus undulatus var. megacephalus Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1892: 360 (1893)

= Cirsium megacephalum (A.Gray) Cockerell ex Daniels; Univ. Missouri Studies, Sci. Ser. 2: No. 2, 254 (1911)

= Cirsium undulatum f. album Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 219 (1927)

= Cirsium undulatum var. franktonis B.Boivin; Phytologia 23(1): 113 (1972)

= Cirsium undulatum var. megacephalum (A.Gray) Fernald; Rhodora 10: 94 (1908)

= Cnicus undulatus (Nutt.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 42 (1874)

= Cnicus undulatus var. megacephalus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 42 (1874)

species :

Cirsium unzenense Kadota & Mas.Saito; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 34(4): 143 (2008)

Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium uzenense Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B. 31(1): 39 (2005)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium valdespinulosum (Sennen) Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 28: 105 (1930)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; S-France; ?Morocco; Algeria

12 FRA POR SPA 20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium monspessulanum subsp. ferox (Coss.) Talavera; Lagascalia 4(2): 290 (1974)

= Cirsium monspessulanum var. ferox Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit.: 39 (1849)

= Cirsium montanum var. valdespinulosum Sennen; Pl. Espagn. no. 4841 (1923) in sched.

= Cirsium paniculatum Porta; (1892), nom. illeg., non Lam. 1779

species :

Cirsium valentinum Porta; Atti Imp. Regia Accad. Rovereto 9: 38 (1891 publ. 1892)

Distribution: E-Spain (SW of Valencia)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium flavispina subsp. valentinum (Porta & Rigo) Rivas Goday & Borja; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 19: 485 (1962), nom. illeg.

species :

Cirsium velatum (S.Watson) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 247 (1910)

Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus velatus (S.Watson) Greene; Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. 1892 363 (1892)

= Cnicus velatus S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 143 (1891)

species :

Cirsium vergelense G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 23 (2022)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua)

79 MEX

Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena

species :

Cirsium vernonioides C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(6): 447, pl. 1, f. 2 (1984)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Cirsium verum Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 96(3): 140 (2021)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium vinaceum (Wooton & Standl.) Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 19: 751 (1915)

Name: Sacramento Mountains thistle

Distribution: USA (New Mexico)

77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus vinaceus Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 16: 196 (1913)

species :

Cirsium viperinum (D.J.Keil) Ackerf. & D.J.Keil; J. Syst. Evol. 58(6): 905 (2020)

Name: Snake Range thistle

Distribution: USA (Nevada)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium eatonii var. viperinum D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 212 (2004)

species :

Cirsium virginianum (L.) Michx.; Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 90 (1803)

Name: Virginia thistle

Distribution: USA (Delaware, Florida, Georgia, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia)

75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus revolutus Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. 1307 (1903)

= Carduus virginianus L.; Sp. Pl. 824 (1753)

= Cirsium revolutum (Small) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 558 (1917)

= Cirsium virginianum f. revolutum (Small) Fernald; Rhodora 45: 509 (1943)

= Cnicus virginianus (L.) Pursh; Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 506 (1813)

species :

Cirsium viridifolium (Hand.-Mazz.) C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 394 (1984)

Distribution: China (Hebei, Jilin, Nei Mongol)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium salicifolium (Kitag.) C.Shih; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 78(1): 99 (1987)

= Cirsium vlassovianum var. salicifolium Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 112 (1934)

= Cirsium vlassovianum var. viridifolium Hand.-Mazz.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 85: 223-224 (1936)

species :

Cirsium vlassovianum Fisch. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 653 (1837)

Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium coryletorum Kom.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Petersb. 16: 179 (1916)

= Cirsium kaimaense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 6, nomen, et in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. Ser. B, 13: (Compos. Jap. 1.) 87 (1937 publ. 1934)

= Cirsium vlassovianum f. album (Kitam.) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 343 (2004)

= Cirsium vlassovianum f. leucanthum Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., ser. B, Biol. 13: 88 (1937)

= Cirsium vlassovianum var. album Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 1: 88 (1937)

= Cirsium vlassovianum var. album Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 14: 110 (1923)

= Cirsium vlassovianum var. bracteatum Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 2: 741 (1845)

= Cnicus vlassovianus (Fisch. ex DC.) Maximova; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 19(5): 509 (1874)

species :

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.; Fl. Nap. 5: 209 (1835 publ. 1838)

Name: Gewöhnliche Kratzdistel, Lanzett-Kratzdistel (DE); Spear Thistle (EN); Cardo borriquero (ES)

Distribution: England; Northern Ireland; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Monaco; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, rare in Kiklades); Crete; S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial); Canary Isl. [I] (Tenerife [I]); Ethiopia [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; La Réunion [I]; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Kuril Isl. [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria, Samos, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., W-Iran, N-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Cyprus (C-Mountains, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (Aden Desert, N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen); China (Xinjiang); South Korea [I]; Pakistan (Kurram, Gilgit); New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Kermadec Isl. [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Easter Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]

10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 AZO cny 24 eth 27 les saf 29 reu 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU YEM 36 CHI 38 kor 40 PAK 42 nwg 50 aus lhi 51 ctm ker nzl 61 eas 63 haw 70 ask 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 gua 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru

Synonyms: hidden

= Ascalea lanceolata (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. 1: 72 (1769)

= Carduus chinensis DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 629 (1838)

= Carduus divaricatus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 187 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Carduus lanceatus Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 14 (1762)

= Carduus lanceolatus L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 821 (1753)

= Carduus lanceolatus var. arachnoideo-lanuginosus M.Gómez; Noc. Bot. Sist.: 91 (1893)

= Carduus nemoralis (Rchb.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Fl. Deutschland, ed. 2, 14: 59 (1906)

= Carduus samniticus Ten.; Sem. Hort. Neap. 12 (1825)

= Carduus spinosissimus Gerbi; Storia Nat. Nuovo Insetto: 9 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Carduus vulgaris Savi; Fl. Pis. 2: 241 (1798)

= Cirsium abyssinicum Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 456 (1848)

= Cirsium atticum Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 406 (1879)

= Cirsium auriculatum E.G.Camus ex Belèze; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 42: 503 (1895)

= Cirsium balearicum Willk.; Illustr. Fl. Hisp. 2: (1886) 20 in obs.

= Cirsium carminans Dumort.; Fl. Belg.: 74 (1827)

= Cirsium crinitum Boiss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 7: 305 (1838)

= Cirsium crinitum var. catalaunicum Willk. & Costa; Linnaea 30: 112 (1859)

= Cirsium crinitum var. microcephalum Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 185 (1865)

= Cirsium crinitum var. tenuibracteatum Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5334 (1926)

= Cirsium drijeri Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 15: 60 (1852)

= Cirsium dubium Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 2(1): 155 (1903)

= Cirsium godronii Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 406 (1879)

= Cirsium gracile Rostr. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 406 (1879)

= Cirsium hawaiensis (H.Lév.) H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 189 (1913)

= Cirsium judicariense Porta ex Petr.; Biblioth. Bot. 78: 79 (1912)

= Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. 1: 80 (1769)

= Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 130 (1771), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium lanceolatum proles sphaeroidale Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 22 (1905)

= Cirsium lanceolatum f. oligocephalum Erdner; 575 (1911)

= Cirsium lanceolatum f. polycephalum Erdner; 575 (1911)

= Cirsium lanceolatum subsp. crinitum (Boiss. ex DC.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 175 (1894)

= Cirsium lanceolatum subsp. hypoleucum (DC.) Beger; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 6: 875 (1928)

= Cirsium lanceolatum subsp. nemorale (Rchb.) Werner Christ.; Flora von Kiel [J. A. Christiansen et al.] 235 (1922)

= Cirsium lanceolatum subsp. silvaticum (Tausch) Vollm.; 758 (1914), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. albiflorum Iverus; Bot. Not. 1875: 81 (1875)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. album N.Coleman; Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Pen. Michigan: 23 (1874)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. australe Murr; 64 (1898)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. brevilobum Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 2: 77 (1904)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. canum Tausch; 516 (1834)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. catalonicum Lange; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 185 (1865)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. discolor Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr.: 388 (1858)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. glabratum Peterm.; 482 (1844)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. horridulum Lamotte; Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 2: 424 (1881)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. hypoleucum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 636 (1838)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. jaegeri F.W.Schultz; 246 (1845)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. lanatum Cariot; Étude Fl., éd. 8 2: 418 (1889), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. lanatum Peterm.; Analyt. Pflanzenschl.: 230 (1846)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. latilobum Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 2: 77 (1904)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. longespinosum Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 381 (1927)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. longispinosum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 21 (1905), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. minus Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 438 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. nemorale (Rchb.) Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 596 (1838)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. nemorale Nägeli ex K.Koch; Syn. Pl. (ed. 2) 990. 1843-45

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. nemorosum Klett & Richt.; 672 (1830)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. ramosissimum Cariot; Étude Fl., éd. 8 2: 418 (1889)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. rhiphaeum Pau & Font Quer; Font Quer, Exsicc. (Iter Marocc.) 1927: no. 688 (1928)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. silvaticum (Tausch) Wender.; 281 (1846)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. stenocephalum Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 2: 78 (1904)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. virens (Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 21 (1905)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. vulgare Nägeli ex K.Koch; Syn. Pl. (ed. 2) 990. 1843-45

= Cirsium lanigerum Nägeli; Cirs. Schweiz: 114 (1840)

= Cirsium leucanicum Lojac.; Naturalista Sicil. 3: 283 (1884)

= Cirsium linkii Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 23 (1854)

= Cirsium longespinosum Tod. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 406 (1879)

= Cirsium misilmerense Ces., Pass. & Gibelli; Comp. Fl. Italiana 2: 483 (1878)

= Cirsium nemorale Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 286 (1831)

= Cirsium pseudolanceolatum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 418 (1866)

= Cirsium rosani Ten.; Ind. Sem. Hort. Neap. (1830) 15, ex Syll. 414

= Cirsium samniticum Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2(1): 370 (1840)

= Cirsium san-sebastiani Evers ex Petr.; Biblioth. Bot. 78: 80 (1912)

= Cirsium silvaticum Tausch; Flora 12(1, Ergänzungsbl.): 38 (1829)

= Cirsium strigosum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.; Fl. Portugal ed. 2: 766 (1939)

= Cirsium sylvaticum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 656 (1838)

= Cirsium tauscheri Simonk. ex Petr.; Biblioth. Bot. 78: 80 (1912)

= Cirsium tempskyanum Rigo ex Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 310 (1906)

= Cirsium virens Timb.-Lagr. & Jeanb. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 406 (1879)

= Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Petr.; Cirsioth. Univ. Fasc. 4: No. 33 (1912), nomen provis., Airy Shaw in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43: 303, in adnot., 304 (1938)

= Cirsium vulgare f. erdneri Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18 (1-2): 177 (1973)

= Cirsium vulgare subsp. crinitum (Boiss. ex DC.) Arènes; Bull. Soc. Franç. Échange Pl. Vasc. 1: 21 (1948)

= Cirsium vulgare subsp. crinitum Litard.; Candollea 11: 222 (1948)

= Cirsium vulgare subsp. silvaticum (Tausch) Arènes; Bull. Soc. Franç. Échange Pl. Vasc. 1: 21 (1947 publ. 1948)

= Cirsium vulgare var. album Mozaff.; Fl. Iran [ed. M. Assadi et al.] 144: 205 (2018)

= Cirsium vulgare var. litorale P.D.Sell; P. D. Sell & G. Murrell, 531 (2006)

= Cirsium vulgare var. nemorale (Rchb.) Tzvelev; Fl. Evropeiskoi Chasti SSSR 7: 240 (1994)

= Cirsium vulgare var. oligocephalum Erdner

= Cnicus hawaiensis H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 122 (1911)

= Cnicus lanceolatus (L.) Willd.; Fl. Berol. Prodr. 259 (1787)

= Cnicus leucophanus Baumg. ex Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 418 (1866)

= Cnicus misilmerensis Tineo ex Ces., Pass. & Gibelli; Comp. Fl. Italiana 2: 483 (1878)

= Cnicus samniticus Ten.; Index Seminum (NAP, Neapolitano) 1825: 12 (1825)

= Cynara lanceata (Hill) Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 155 (1812)

= Epitrachys lanceolata (L.) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 400 (1851)

= Epitrachys nemoralis K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 400 (1851)

= Epitrachys vulgaris (Savi) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 402 (1851)

= Eriolepis lanceolata (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. 41: 331 (1826)

= Lophiolepis dubia Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. 37: 183 (1823)

= Serratula lanceolata (L.) L.; Amoen. Acad. 4: 490 (1759)

species :

Cirsium wakasugianum Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus., B (Tokyo), 21(1): 20 (1995)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium waldsteinii Rouy; Fl. Franc. 9: 84 (1905), nom. nov.

Name: Waldsteins Kratzdistel

Distribution: Poland; Slovakia; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Ukraine

11 POL SLO 13 BIH CRO KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 UKR

Remarks: populations from the Austrian Alps have been separated as C. greimleri

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus pauciflorus (Waldst. & Kit.) Pers.; Syn. 2: 388 (1807)

= Cirsium pauciflorum (Waldst. & Kit.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 375 (1826) non Lam.

= Cnicus pauciflorus Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 175 (1805)

species :

Cirsium wallichii DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 643 (1837)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost); Pakistan (Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Murree, Gilgit, Baltistan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand)

34 AFG 40 BHU IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium macracanthum Sch.Bip.; Flora 35: 135 (1852)

= Cnicus arachnoideus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2891 (1831), nomen

= Cnicus wallichii (DC.) C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 219 (1876)

= Cnicus wallichii (DC.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 363 (1881), isonym

= Echenais ferox Edgew. ex C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 318 (1876)

variant :

var. cernua (Hook.f.) Karthik. & Moorthy; Fl. Pl. India 215 (2009)

Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, West Bengal)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus wallichii var. cernua Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 364 (1881)

= Cnicus cernuus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2892 (1831), nomen

variant :

var. fasciculatum (Hook.f.) Babu; Herb. Fl. Dehra Dun: 254 (1977)

Distribution: India (Kerala, Uttarakhand)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus wallichii var. fasciculata Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 364 (1881)

= Cirsium wallichii var. fasciculata (Hook.f.) M.Sharma; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 74(Suppl.): 684 (1979), isonym

= Cirsium wallichii var. fasciculatum (Hook.f.) Manilal & Suresh; K. S. Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley: 153 (1988), isonym

= Cirsium wallichii var. fasciculatum (Hook.f.) Raizada; Suppl. Duthie´s Fl. Upper Gangetic Plain, etc. 6: 108 (1976), isonym

variant :

var. glabratum (Hook.f.) Wendelbo; Nytt. Mag. B. 1: 67 (1952)

Distribution: Afghanistan; Nepal; India (Sikkim)

34 AFG 40 IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium wallichii var. glabrata (Hook.f.) Raizada in Raizada & H.O.Saxena; Fl. Mussoorie 1: 330 (1978), isonym

= Cnicus wallichii var. glabrata Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 364 (1881)

variant :

var. nepalensis (DC.) Karthik. & Moorthy; Fl. Pl. India 216 (2009)

Distribution: India (Uttarakhand)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium nepalense DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 642 (1838)

= Cnicus argyracanthus var. nepalensis (DC.) C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 218 (1876)

= Cnicus wallichii var. nepalensis (DC.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 364 (1881)

variant :

var. platylepis (Hook.f.) Aswal & Mehrotra; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 1(1-2): 117 (1980)

Distribution: India (Jammu & Kashmir)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus wallichii var. platylepis Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 364 (1881)

variant :

var. wightii (Hook.f.) Vivek.; Biol. Mem., 2(12): 77 (1977)

Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Cnicus wallichii var. wightii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 3: 364 (1881)

species :

Cirsium welwitschii Coss.; Not. Pl. Crit. 118 (1851)

Distribution: W-Portugal

12 POR

species :

Cirsium wheeleri (A.Gray) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 67 (1911)

Name: Wheeler´s thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus olivescens Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 544 (1910)

= Carduus perennans Greene; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 123 (1898)

= Carduus wheeleri (A.Gray) A.Heller; Cat. N. Am. Pl. 7 (1898)

= Cirsium blumeri Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 504 (1917)

= Cirsium olivescens Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1009 (1917) ex Petr.

= Cirsium perennans (Greene) Wooton & Standl.; Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 19: 753 (1915)

= Cirsium wheeleri var. salinense S.L.Welsh; Utah Fl., ed. 3. 172 (2003)

= Cnicus wheeleri A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 56 (1883)

species :

Cirsium wrightii A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6) [Pl. Wright. 2]: 101 (1853)

Name: Wright´s marsh thistle

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus wrightii (A.Gray) A.Heller; Cat. N. Am. Pl. 8 (1898)

= Cnicus wrightii (A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 41 (1874)

species :

Cirsium wulongense Z.C.Jin & Y.S.Chen; Phytotaxa 662(2): 204 (2024)

Distribution: China (Chongqing)

36 CHI

species :

Cirsium yachiyotakashimae Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 96(3): 144 (2021)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium yakusimense Masam.; Prelim. Rep. Veg. Yakus. 126 (1929), Masam. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 44: 219, et in Mem. Fac. Sci. & Agric. Taihoku Imp. Univ. xi., Bot. No. 4, 454 (1930 publ. 1934)

Distribution: Japan (Yakushima Isl.)

38 JAP NNS

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium chikushiense var. yakusimense (Masam.) Yahara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Bot., 14(2): 113 (1987)

= Cirsium yakumontanum Masam.; (1929) (nom. nud.)

species :

Cirsium yamauchii Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 35(4): 199 (-202; figs. 8-9) (2009)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium yatsu-alpicola Kadota & Y.Amano; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus., B (Tokyo), 17(3): 136 (1991)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium yatsugatakense Nakai; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 27: 262 (1913)

= Cirsium nipponicum var. yatsugatakense (Nakai) Kitam. ex Ohwi; (1965)

species :

Cirsium yezoalpinum H.Koidz. ex Kadota & S.Umezawa; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 39(3): 108 (2013)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium yezoense (Maxim.) Makino; Bot. Mag. Tokyo 19: 155 (1905)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium maximowiczii var. riparium Koidz.; (1915)

= Cirsium riparium Koidz.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 29: 311 (1915)

= Cirsium yezoense (Maxim.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26(no. 312): 374 (1912), isonym

= Cirsium yoshizawae Koidz.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 33: 221 (1919)

= Cirsium zhejiangense Z.H.Chen & X.F.Jin; J. Pl. Resourc. Environ. 30: 2 (2021)

= Cnicus japonicus var. yezoensis Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9(livr. 3): 324 (1874)

species :

Cirsium yoshidae Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 34(1): 35 (2008)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium yuki-uenoanum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 40(2): 86 (2014)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium yuzawae Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 35(4): 196 (-199; figs. 6-7) (2009)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium zamoranense Rzed.; Acta Bot. Mex. 29: 104 (1994)

Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Queretaro)

79 MEX

species :

Cirsium zarkosii Kit Tan, Vold & V.Christodoulou; Phytol. Balcan. 20(1): 128 (2014)

Distribution: Greece (N-Peloponnisos: Mt. Killini)

13 GRC

species :

Cirsium zawoense Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus., B (Tokyo), 25(3): 100 (1999)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium ×abetonense E.Michálk. & Bures; Pl. Syst. Evol. 309(3)-20: 17 (2023)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Cirsium bertolonii x erisithales

species :

Cirsium ×affine Tausch.; Flora 16: 228 (1833)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Thüringen); Czech Republic; European Russia; etc.

11 CZE GER 14 RUS

Remarks: Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill x oleraceum (L.) Scop.

species :

Cirsium ×alpestre Nägeli; Cirsien Schweiz: 84 (1840)

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; Spain; etc.

11 AUT CZE SWI 12 SPA

Remarks: Cirsium acaulon ssp. acaulon x heterophyllum

species :

Cirsium ×arisitense Coste & Soulié; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: CVI (1897)

Distribution: Spain; France

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: Cirsium monspessulanum x tuberosum

species :

Cirsium ×aschersonii Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2: 263 (1873)

Distribution: Germany (Sachsen); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Cirsium canum x tuberosum

species :

Cirsium ×ausserdorferi Hausm. ex Treuinf.; Z. Ferdinandeums Tirol, ser. 3, 19: 111 (1875)

Distribution: Austria; etc.

11 AUT

Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x oleraceum x palustre

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×haussmannii var. ausserdorferi (Hausm. ex Treuinf.) Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 2: 45 (1904)

species :

Cirsium ×austropannonicum Simonk.

Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.

11 CZE SLO

Remarks: Cirsium canum x pannonicum

species :

Cirsium ×bifrons Arv.-Touv.; Monogr. Pilosella & Hieracium: 53 (1873)

Distribution: France; etc.

12 FRA

Remarks: Cirsium alsophilum x heterophyllum

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×bifrons var. montanoformis Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 2: 60 (1904)

species :

Cirsium ×bigerriense Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 2: 44 (1904)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Cirsium monspessulanum x rivulare

species :

Cirsium ×bipontinum F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. France Allemagne: 34 (1842)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Cirsium oleraceum x vulgare

species :

Cirsium ×boulayi E.G.Camus; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 106 (1891)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Bayern, Sachsen-Anhalt); etc.

11 GER

Remarks: Cirsium acaule x arvense

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium babingtonii Rouy; Ill. Pl. Eur.: t. 362 (1901)

= Cirsium ×gibsonii (H.C.Watson) Druce; List Brit. Pl.: 39 (1908), nom. inval.

= Cirsium ×jaubertianum Sennen & Septimin; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 15: 237 (1916)

= Cirsium ×sextenum Ausserd. ex Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 478 (1906)

species :

Cirsium ×bourgaeanum Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 2: 191 (1865)

Distribution: C-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Cirsium filipendulum x palustre

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×palustre Coss. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 191 (1865), nom. inval.

species :

Cirsium ×braun-blanquetianum Lawalrée; Phytocoenologia 2(1-2): 27 (1975)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Cirsium montanum x oleraceum

species :

Cirsium ×breunium Goller & Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 309 (1906)

Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; etc.

11 AUT CZE

Remarks: Cirsium heterophyllum x vulgare

species :

Cirsium ×breviscapum Eichenf.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 43: 52 (1893)

Distribution: Austria; etc.

11 AUT

Remarks: Cirsium acaule x montanum

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium orgyale Tausch; Flora 12(1, Ergänzungsbl.): 41 (1829), nom. inval.

= Cirsium tauschii DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 656 (1838), nom. superfl.

species :

Cirsium ×brunneri A.Braun ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 407 (1879)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern); etc.

11 GER

Remarks: Cirsium rivulare x tuberosum

species :

Cirsium ×burgalense Elías & Pau; Sennen, Pl. Espagne 1908, no. 938 (1908-1909), in sched.

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Cirsium pyrenaicum x tuberosum

species :

Cirsium ×candolleanum Nägeli; Cirsien Schweiz: 98 (1840)

Distribution: Switzerland; Spain; France; etc.

11 SWI 12 FRA SPA

Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x oleraceum

species :

Cirsium ×celakovskianum Knaf; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 309 (1872)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Thüringen)

11 GER

Remarks: Cirsium arvense x palustre

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium arvensi-palustre Nägeli; 1000 (1845)

species :

Cirsium ×connexum Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 2 (1931)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Remarks: Cirsium buergeri x lucens

species :

Cirsium ×csepeliense Borbás; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 28: 392 (1878)

Distribution: Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt)

11 GER

Remarks: Cirsium arvense x vulgare

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×pulchrum E.G.Camus; 81 (1891)

species :

Cirsium ×erisithaliforme Preissm.; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 30: 224 (1894)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Cirsium arvense x erisithales

species :

Cirsium ×erucagineum (Lam.) DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3 4: 115 (1805)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen); Czech Republic; Slovakia; Spain; France; European Russia; etc.

11 CZE GER SLO 12 FRA SPA 14 RUS

Remarks: Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. x rivulare (Jacq.) All.

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus ×erucagineus Lam.; Encycl. 1: 704 (1785)

= Cirsium ×praemorsum (Michl) Bluff & Fingerh.; 317 (1825)

= Cnicus ×praemorsus Michl; Flora 3: 317 (1820)

= Cirsium ×praemorsum (Michl) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1(2): 397 (1837)

species :

Cirsium ×fabium Porta ex Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. 5: 63 (1889)

Distribution: Austria; etc.

11 AUT

Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x montanum

species :

Cirsium ×forsteri (Sm.) Loudon; Hort. Brit. Suppl. 1: 585 (1832)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Cirsium dissectum x palustre

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus pratensis var. forsteri (Sm.) Moore & More; 165 (1866)

= Carduus ×forsteri (Sm.) Bab.; 173 (1843)

= Cnicus ×forsteri Sm.; Engl. Fl. 3: 390 (1825)

species :

Cirsium ×freyerianum W.D.J.Koch; Taschenb. Deut. Schweiz. Fl.: 288 (1843)

Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; Croatia; etc.

11 CZE SLO 13 CRO

Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x pannonicum

species :

Cirsium ×gayi Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 2: 44 (1904)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Cirsium glabrum x monspessulanum

species :

Cirsium ×giresunicum Yildiz, Arabaci & Dirmenci; Türl. Hab. 4(2): 128 (2023)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Cirsium ×glabrifolium (C.Winkl.) O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkest. 4: 286 (1911)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI TIB 37 MON

Remarks: Cirsium semenovii x sieversii

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium glabrifolium (C.Winkl.) Petr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 61(9): 324 (1911)

= Cnicus ×glabrifolius C.Winkl.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9(2): 523 (1886)

species :

Cirsium ×grossheimii Petr.; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, 1924-25, n. s. Pt. 2, 43 (1926)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus

33 NCS

Remarks: Cirsium echinus (M. Bieb.) Hand.-Mazz. x subinerme Fisch. & C. A. Mey.

species :

Cirsium ×guthnickianum M.Loehr; 365 (1852)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x spinosissimum

species :

Cirsium ×heerianum Nägeli; Cirsien Schweiz: 75 (1840)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x rivulare

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×soubiellei Sennen & Septimin; Sennen, Pl. Espagne 1916, no. 2713 (1916-1917), in sched.

species :

Cirsium ×helenioides (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. 64 (1768)

Distribution: Sweden; Germany (Sachsen); Czech Republic; Spain; France; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia; etc.

10 SWE 11 CZE GER 12 FRA SPA 14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON

Remarks: Cirsium heterophyllum x rivulare

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus ×helenioides L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 825 (1753), pro sp.

= Cirsium helenioides subsp. angarense Popov

= Cirsium helenioides var. altaicum Lomon.; Turczaninowia 4(1-2): 77 (2001)

= Cirsium heterophylloides Pavlov; Fl. a 3: 313 (1938), not Treuinfels (1875)

= Cirsium heterophyllum f. helenioides (L.) Vollm.; 760 (1914)

= Cirsium heterophyllum var. angarense Popov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Acad. Nauk SSSR 2: 753 (1959)

= Cirsium heterophyllum var. helenioides (L.) Fiek; 235 (1881), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium ×ambiguum All.; Auct. Fl. Pedem.: 10 (1789)

= Cirsium ×heterophyllum nothovar. indivisum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 653 (1838)

= Cnicus helenioides (L.) Retz.; Fl. Scand. Prodr. ed. 2, 191 (1795)

species :

Cirsium ×hybridum W.D.J.Koch ex DC.; DC. Fl. Fr. Suppl. 463 (1815)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Czech Republic; Slovakia; Spain; France; European Russia; etc.

11 CZE GER SLO 12 FRA SPA 14 RUS

Remarks: Cirsium oleraceum x palustre

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×benzii Murr; 127 ("95") (1894)

= Cirsium ×flavescens Peterm.; 491 (1844)

= Cirsium ×hybridum subsp. oleraceiforme Celak.; 812 (1881)

= Cirsium ×hybridum subsp. palustriforme Celak.; 812 (1881)

= Cirsium ×hybridum var. integrifolium Wallr.; 263 (1840), nom. inval.

= Cirsium ×hybridum var. laciniatum Wallr.; 263 (1840), nom. inval.

= Cirsium ×hybridum var. pinnatifidum Wallr.; 263 (1840), nom. inval.

species :

Cirsium ×iburiense Kitam.; Cirsium Nov. Or.-Asiat. 7 (1931)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium ×ispolatovii Iljin ex Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 151 (1991)

Distribution: European Russia

14 RUS

Remarks: Cirsium roseolum x vulgare

species :

Cirsium ×kirschlegeri Sch.Bip.; Jahresber. Pollichia 2: 33 (1844)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt); Czech Republic; Spain; etc.

11 CZE GER 12 SPA

Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x palustre

species :

Cirsium ×kornhuberi Heimerl; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 34: 95 (1884)

Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.

11 CZE SLO

Remarks: Cirsium pannonicum x rivulare

species :

Cirsium ×kozlovskyi Petr.; Mitt. Kauk. Mus. Tiflis 8: 76 (1914)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus; Turkey

33 NCS 34 TUR

Remarks: Cirsium obvallatum (M. Bieb.) Fisch. x simplex C. A. Mey.

species :

Cirsium ×kretschmeri Rothm. & O.Schwarz; O. Schwarz & Rothm., 297 (1937)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); etc.

11 GER

Remarks: Cirsium oleraceum x palustre x rivulare

species :

Cirsium ×lachenalii (C.C.Gmel.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. ed. I. 397 (1837)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Slovakia; etc.

11 GER SLO

Remarks: Cirsium oleraceum x tuberosum

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium braunii F.W.Schultz ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 409 (1879)

= Cirsium bulbosum var. pallens Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 1: 445 (1822)

= Cirsium lachenalii (C.C.Gmel.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 648 (1838)

= Cirsium ×braunii F.W.Schultz; 250 (1845), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium ×inerme Haller ex Rchb.; 287 (1832)

= Cirsium ×pallens (Wallr.) Wallr.; 265 (1840)

= Cnicus ×lachenalii C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. 3: 380 (1808)

species :

Cirsium ×linkianum M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutsch. 364 (1852)

Distribution: Slovakia; etc.

11 SLO

Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x oleraceum x pannonicum

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium polymorphum Dolliner ex Hausm.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 375 (1858)

= Cirsium portae Hausm.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 373 (1858)

species :

Cirsium ×lojkae Sommier & Levier; Nuov. Giorn. Bot. It. Ser. II. 2: 15 (1895)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

Remarks: Cirsium echinus x obvallatum

species :

Cirsium ×mazanderanicum Petr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 247 (1950)

Distribution: Iran (N-Iran)

34 IRN

Remarks: Cirsium hygrophilum x obvallatum

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium hygrophilum var. mazanderanicum (Petr.) Parsa; Flore de l´Iran (Publ. Univ. Teheran 1777) 10: 140 (1980)

species :

Cirsium ×medium All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 149 (1785)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Spain; France; Italy; etc.

11 GER 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA

Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x tuberosum

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus medius (All.) Steud.; Nom. ed. I. 152 (1821)

= Carduus ×pumilus Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3: 17 (1789)

= Cirsium ×colmeiroi Sennen & Pau ex Sennen; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 24: 243 (1914)

= Cirsium ×salvadori Sennen & Pau ex Sennen; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 24: 243 (1914)

= Cirsium ×zizianum W.D.J.Koch; Sym. Fl. Germ. ed. I. 398 (1837)

species :

Cirsium ×mirabile Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 7 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Remarks: Cirsium nipponicum var. yoshinoi x sieboldii

species :

Cirsium ×misawaense Nakai ex Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 175 (1933)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Remarks: Cirsium nipponicum var. incomptum x purpuratum

species :

Cirsium ×moravicum Petr.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 2(1): 34 (1960)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Cirsium arvense x rivulare

species :

Cirsium ×muellneri Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 1250 (1893)

Distribution: Czech Republic

11 CZE

Remarks: Cirsium oleracum x pannonicum

species :

Cirsium ×murrianum Khek; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 38: 96 (1925)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Cirsium canum x heterophyllum

species :

Cirsium ×nevadense Willk.Willk.; Linnaea 30: 111 (1859) [nothossp.]

subspecies :

subsp. nevadense

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Cirsium acaulon ssp. gregarium x pyrenaicum

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×gregarioides Porta & Rigo ex Pau; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 16: 77 (1906)

= Cnicus paludosus Loisel.; Fl. Gall. 2: 542 (1807)

subspecies :

subsp. fontquerii (Romo) Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiberica 59: 91 (2015) [nothossp.]

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Cirsium acaulon ssp. acaulon x valdespinulosum

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×fontqueri Romo; Estud. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Alava, 10-11: 200 (1995-96 publ. 1996)

species :

Cirsium ×neyrae E.G.Camus; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 41 (1892)

Distribution: Spain; Andorra; etc.

12 ADO SPA

Remarks: Cirsium monspessulanum x palustre

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×borderei Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 2: 44 (1904)

= Cirsium ×fani Sennen; Pl. Espagne 1923, no. 4764 (1923-1924), in sched.

species :

Cirsium ×norrisii C.Bicknell; Malpighia 8: 392 (1894)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x tuberosum

species :

Cirsium ×ochroleucum All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 150 (1785), pro sp.

Distribution: Spain; France; Italy; etc.

12 FRA SPA 13 ITA

Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x palustre

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus ochroleucus (All.) Pers.; Syn. 2: 389 (1807)

= Cirsium erisithales subsp. ochroleucum (All.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 190 (1829)

= Cirsium ×arvernense Hérib.; Soc. Étud. Fr.-Helv.: 623 (1897)

= Cirsium ×haussmannii Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 2: 6, 45 (1904), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium ×hunyadense Kárpáti; (1940)

= Cirsium ×huteri Hausm. ex Treuinf.; Z. Ferdinandeums Tirol 3(19): 221 (1875)

= Cirsium ×ochroleucum nothovar. beta DC.; Lam. & DC., Fl. Franç. ed. 3, 4: 115 (1805)

= Cirsium ×variabile Porta; Atti Accad. Rovereto, ser. 3, 11(2): 5 (1905), nom. illeg.

= Cnicus ochroleucus (All.) Spreng.; Nachr. 1: Bot. Gart. Halle, 19 (1801)

species :

Cirsium ×okamotoi Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. Ser. B, 13: (Compos. Jap. 1.) 132 (1937), pro hybr.

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×okamotoi f. albiflorum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 30: 130 (2004)

species :

Cirsium ×patens Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 9 (1931)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Remarks: Cirsium oligophyllum x tenuipedunculatum

species :

Cirsium ×perplexissimum Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 10 (1931)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium ×pilosum Kitam.; Cirsium Nov. Or.-Asiat. 18 (1931)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium ×praealpinum Beck; Fl. Hernst.: 440 (1884)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x rivulare

species :

Cirsium ×prativagum Petr.; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 19: 22 (1911)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

Remarks: Cirsium kuznezowianum Sommier & Levier x obvallatum (M. Bieb.) Fisch.

species :

Cirsium ×pskemense Lazkov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 40: 225 (2008)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan

32 KGZ

species :

Cirsium ×purpureum All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 150 (1785)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); etc.

11 GER

Remarks: Cirsium heterophyllum x spinosissimum

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus ×autareticus Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3(1): 12 (1788)

= Carduus ×hastatus Lam.; Encycl. 1: 704 (1785)

= Cirsium ×autareticum (Vill.) Mutel; Fl. Dauph., ed. 2: 262 (1848)

= Cirsium ×cenisium Arv.-Touv.; Monogr. Pilosella & Hieracium, Suppl.: 38 (1876)

= Cirsium ×cervini W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. ed. I. 399 (1837)

= Cirsium ×controversum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 654 (1838)

= Cirsium ×erucagineum var. hallerianum (Gaudin) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 649 (1838)

= Cirsium ×hallerianum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 188 (1829)

= Cirsium ×hastatum (Lam.) Thell. ex Schinz; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 55: 276 (1910)

= Cirsium ×heterophylloides Treuinf.; Z. Ferdinandeums Tirol 3(19): 245 (1875)

= Cirsium ×spinosissimoides Ausserd. ex Treuinf.; Z. Ferdinandeums Tirol 3(19): 250 (1875)

= Cnicus ×cervini E.Thomas ex Schleich.; 13 (1821), nom. inval.

= Serratula ×autaretica (Vill.) Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 6: 563 (1805)

species :

Cirsium ×reichardtii Jur.; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 9: 317 (1859)

Distribution: Europe; European Russia

14 RUS

Remarks: Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. x waldsteinii Rouy

species :

Cirsium ×rigens (Dryand. ex Aiton) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 446 (1822)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Czech Republic; Slovakia; European Russia; etc.

11 CZE GER SLO 14 RUS

Remarks: Cirsium acaule x oleraceum

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus acaulis var. rigens (Wallr.) Fr.; Novit. Fl. Svec.: 96 (1823)

= Carduus ×rigens Aiton; Hort. Kew. 3: 144 (1789), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium decoloratum W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. ed. I. 398 (1837), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium rigens (Dryand. ex Aiton) Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. 3: 38 (1822)

= Cirsium ×rigens subsp. acauliforme Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 260 (1871)

= Cirsium ×rigens subsp. oleraceiforme Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 260 (1871)

= Cirsium ×rigens var. arrectilobum Peterm.; 485 (1844)

= Cirsium ×rigens var. dissectum Peterm.; 485 (1844)

= Cirsium ×tataricum DC.; 114 (1805)

= Cnicus ×rigens (Dryand. ex Aiton) Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 1675 (1803)

species :

Cirsium ×sabaudum M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutschland: 362 (1852)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Czech Republic

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x vulgare

species :

Cirsium ×sagrense E.Michálk. & Bures; Pl. Syst. Evol. 309(3)-20: 16 (2023)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Cirsium acaule x bertolonii

species :

Cirsium ×schultzianum M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutschland 365 (1852)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Cirsium rivulare x spinosissimum

species :

Cirsium ×semidecurrens Richt. ex Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig: 673 (1830)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Spain; France; etc.

11 GER 12 FRA SPA

Remarks: Cirsium palustre x tuberosum

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus ×palatinus Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 413 (1879)

= Cirsium lanceolatum var. semidecurrens J.L.Jäger ex F.W.Schultz; 246 (1845)

= Cirsium palustri-bulbosum DC.; 646 (1838)

= Cirsium ×kochianum M.Loehr; Flora 25: 111 (1842)

= Cirsium ×laciniatum Döll; 508 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium ×laciniatum Döll ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 409 (1879)

= Cirsium ×laciniatum var. kochianum (M.Loehr) Döll; 508 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium ×laciniatum var. palatinum Döll; 508 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Cirsium ×palatinum (Sch.Bip. ex Döll) Talavera; Devesa, Quintanar & M. A. García, 177 (2014), nom. inval.

= Cirsium ×palatinum Sch.Bip. ex Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 508 (1843)

= Cirsium ×palatinum Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 409 (1879)

= Cirsium ×semidecurrens var. palatinum (Sch.Bip. ex Döll) Nyman; 409 (1879)

species :

Cirsium ×sessile Peterm.; 486 (1844)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Slovakia; European Russia; etc.

11 GER SLO 14 RUS

Remarks: Cirsium arvense x oleraceum

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×reichenbachianum M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutsch. 364 (1852)

species :

Cirsium ×siegertii Sch.Bip. ex Reichardt; 372 (1861), nom. inval.

Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.

11 CZE SLO

Remarks: Cirsium canum x rivulare

species :

Cirsium ×silesiacum Sch.Bip.; Pollichia 2: t. a tergo paginae 34 (1844)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Bayern, Sachsen); Czech Republic; Slovakia; European Russia; etc.

11 CZE GER SLO 14 RUS

Remarks: Cirsium canum x palustre

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×wimmeri Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2: 263 (1873)

= Cirsium ×silesiacum Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. 409 (1881)

species :

Cirsium ×soroksarense Wagner; Bot. Közlem. 20: 84 (1922)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Cirsium arvense x canum

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×polivkae Podp.; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 12: 33 (1922)

species :

Cirsium ×spinifolium Beck; 312 (1881)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern)

11 GER

Remarks: Cirsium palustre x spinosissimum

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×foliosum Rhiner; 42 (1869), nom. illeg.

species :

Cirsium ×subalpinum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 182 (1829)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Sachsen); Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; European Russia; etc.

11 AUT CZE GER SLO SWI 14 RUS

Remarks: Cirsium palustre x rivulare

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×lacteum (Schleich. ex Gaudin) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. ed. 1: 394 (1837)

= Cirsium ×lamottei Neyra & E.G.Camus; Soc. Étude Fl. Franç., 40 (1893)

= Cirsium ×subalpinum subsp. palustriforme Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 264 (1871)

= Cirsium ×subalpinum subsp. rivulariforme Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 264 (1871)

= Cirsium ×subalpinum var. lacteum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 183 (1829)

= Cirsium ×wirtgenii M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutsch.: 362 (1852)

= Cnicus ×lacteus Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 4: 13 (1821), nom. inval.

species :

Cirsium ×subspinuligerum Peterm.; Deutschl. Flora 3: 1 (1849)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Cirsium palustre x vulgare

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×naegelianum M.Loehr; 362 (1852)

= Cirsium ×camusii Guétrot; 30 (1927), nom. illeg.

species :

Cirsium ×sudae E.Michálk. & Bures; Preslia 90(4): 356 (2018)

Distribution: Austria

11 AUT

Remarks: Cirsium carniolicum x greimleri

species :

Cirsium ×sugimotoi Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. Ser. B, 13: (Compos. Jap. 1.) 132 (1937)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

species :

Cirsium ×suspiciosum Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 1243 (1893)

Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; etc.

11 AUT CZE

Remarks: Cirsium palustre x pannonicum

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×hemipterum Borbás; Természet (Pest) 9: 122 (1877), nom. nud.

species :

Cirsium ×tataricum (L.) DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3 4: 114 (1805)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Bayern, Sachsen, Thüringen); Czech Republic; Slovakia; European Russia; etc.

11 CZE GER SLO 14 RUS

Remarks: Cirsium canum x oleraceum

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus ×tataricus L.; Sp. Pl. 825 (1753)

= Cirsium ×laeve Moench; Suppl. Meth.: 227 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Cnicus ×tartaricus (L.) Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 3: 1677 (1803)

species :

Cirsium ×tiroliense Treuinf.; Cirsien Tirols: 63 (1875)

Distribution: Austria; Spain; France; Italy; etc.

11 AUT 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA

Remarks: Cirsium acaulon ssp. acaulon x erisithales

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×michaleti Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Géogr. Bot. 2: 74 (1904)

species :

Cirsium ×vivantii L.Villar, Segarra, J.López, Pérez-Coll. & Catalán; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 154(3): 430 (2007)

Distribution: Spain; France

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: Cirsium carniolicum ssp. rufescens x palustre

species :

Cirsium ×wankelii Reichardt; Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 11: 381 (1861)

Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; European Russia; etc.

11 CZE SLO 14 RUS

Remarks: Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill x palustre (L.) Scop.

species :

Cirsium ×wettsteinii Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 329 (1908)

Distribution: Czech Republic

11 CZE

Remarks: Cirsium canum x oleraceum x palustre

species :

Cirsium ×wiedemannii Khek; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 3: 7 (1897)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Cirsium pannonicum x rivulare

species :

Cirsium ×winkleri Font Quer; Sched. Fl. Iber. Select., Cent. II-III, n. 291 (1935)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Cirsium flavispina x gregarium

species :

Cirsium ×winklerianum Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2: 262 (1873)

Distribution: Germany (Sachsen); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Cirsium acaule x canum

Synonyms: hidden

= Cirsium ×winklerianum subsp. acauliforme Celak.; 262 (1871)

= Cirsium ×winklerianum subsp. caniforme Celak.; 262 (1871)

= Cirsium ×wimmeri Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 410 (1879), nom. illeg.

species :

Cirsium ×woodwardii (H.C.Watson) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 407 (1879)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x dissectum

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduus ×woodwardii H.C.Watson; Cybele Brit. 3: 456 (1852)

= Cirsium ×grenieri Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 107 (1891)

= Cirsium ×submedium Hy; Soc. Étude Fl. Franco-Helv., 13 (1895)

= Cnicus ×woodwardii (H.C.Watson) F.Hanb.; H. C. Watson, London Cat. Brit. Pl., ed. 9: 24 (1895)

species :

Cirsium ×woronowii Petr.; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 19: 19 (1911)

Distribution: Transcaucasus

Remarks: Cirsium hypoleucum DC. x obvallatum (M. Bieb.) Fisch.

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Contact

How to Cite:

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (12)

Genus (1754)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species, 8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms, in total 1,412,785* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]