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495.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6679; hybrids: 9
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
495.2102 Genus Carissa L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 12(2): 135, 189 (1767), nom. cons.
Distribution: Old World Tropics to New Caledonia
Species listed in database: 19
= Jasminonerium N.M.Wolf; Gen. Pl. [Wolf] 57 (1776)
= Antura Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 63 (1775)
= Arduina Mill.; Fig. Pl. Gard. Dict. 2: 200, t. 300 (1760), et Syst. Nat., ed. 12: 136 (1767), et Mant. Pl. 7: 52 (1767), non Adans. 1763
= Arduina Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 499 (1763), nom. rej.
= Carandas Rumph. ex Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 171 (1763)
= Leioclusia Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 244 (1880)
species :
Carissa andamanensis L.J.Singh & Murugan; Indian J. Forest. 35(4): 493 (2012)
Distribution: Andaman Isl.
41 AND
species :
Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 502 (1954)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Guam [I]
25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 62 gum
Synonyms: hidden
= Arduina acuminata E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. [Meyer] 191 (1838)
= Arduina bispinosa L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 52 (1767)
= Arduina erythrocarpa Eckl.; S. African Quart. J. 1: 372 (1830)
= Arduina megaphylla Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 59 (1918)
= Carandas arduina S.Moore; J. Bot. 41: 403 (1903), nom. illeg.
= Carissa acuminata (E.Mey.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 335 (1844)
= Carissa arduina Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 555 (1785), nom. illeg.
= Carissa bispinosa subsp. zambesiensis Kupicha; Bol. Soc. Brot. 53: 321 (1980)
= Carissa bispinosa var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Codd; Bothalia 7: 451 (1961)
= Carissa cordata Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 53: 112 (1928)
= Carissa cordata Fourc.; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 21: 82 (1932), nom. illeg.
= Carissa dinteri Markgr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 758 (1942)
= Carissa erythrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 335 (1844)
= Carissa myrtoides Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 398 (1829)
= Carissa sessiliflora Brongn. ex Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 138 (1949)
= Carissa sessiliflora var. grandiflora Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 25 (1970)
= Carissa sessiliflora var. meridionalis Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 139 (1949)
= Carissa sessiliflora var. orientalis Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 139 (1949)
= Carissa wyliei N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 165 (1906)
= Jasminonerium acuminatum (E.Mey.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
= Jasminonerium bispinosum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
= Jasminonerium erythrocarpum (Eckl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
species :
Carissa boiviniana (Baill.) Leeuwenb.; Wageningen Agr. Univ. Pap. 2001(1): 17 (2001)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Leioclusia boiviniana Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 244 (1880)
= Carissa sessiliflora var. septentrionalis Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 139 (1949)
species :
Carissa carandas L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 52 (1767)
Name: Karanda
Distribution: China [I] (Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Guizhou [I], Hainan [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal [I]; India (almost throughout); Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Vietnam [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Palau [I]; Honduras [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]
36 chi 38 tai 40 BAN IND nep pak srl 41 mya tha vie 42 jaw lsi phi 62 plu 80 hon 81 trt
Synonyms: hidden
= Arduina carandae Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 10: 170 (1888), K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 127 (1895)
= Arduina carandas (L.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 10: 170 (1888)
= Echites spinosus Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Pl. Cap. 69 (1768)
= Jasminonerium carandas (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
species :
Carissa congesta Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4: t. 1289 (1848)
Distribution: India (Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Carissa carandas var. congesta (Wight) Bedd.; Fl. Sylv. S. India 156 (1872)
species :
Carissa gangetica Stapf ex Gamble; Fl. Madras 805 (1923)
Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu, West Bengal)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Carissa congesta var. albida Santapau; Kew Bull. 1948: 490 (1949)
= Carissa paucinervia var. gangetica Stapf ex Haines; Bot. Bihar Orissa 4: 534 (1922)
species :
Carissa haematocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 336 (1844)
Name: Karroo Num-num
Distribution: South Africa (Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Arduina ferox E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. [Meyer] 191 (1838), nom. illeg.
= Arduina haematocarpa Eckl.; S. African Quart. J. 1: 372 (1830)
= Carissa ferox (E.Mey.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 335 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Jasminonerium ferox Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891), nom. superfl.
= Jasminonerium haematocarpum (Eckl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
species :
Carissa inermis Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 3: 43 (1794)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Arduina inermis (Vahl) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 127 (1895)
= Carissa dalzellii Bedd.; Fl. Sylv. S. India 156 (1871)
= Carissa inermis var. dalzellii (Bedd.) Haines; Bot. Bihar Orissa 535 (1922)
= Carissa inermis var. macrophylla Haines; Bot. Bihar Orissa 535 (1922)
= Carissa lanceolata Dalzell; Bombay Fl. [Dalzell & Gibson] 143 (1861), nom. illeg.
= Carissa macrophylla Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 104 (1837), descr.
= Carissa suavissima Bedd. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 632 (1882)
= Jasminonerium suavissimum (Bedd. ex Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
species :
Carissa kopilii Barbhuiya, J.Sarma & S.Dey; J. Asia-Pacific Biodivers. 13(2): 316, figs. 1-3 (2020)
Distribution: India (Assam)
40 IND
species :
Carissa laxiflora Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 4: 305 (1868)
Distribution: Australia (Cape York Peninsula, Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Arduina laxiflora (Benth.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 127 (1895)
species :
Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 336 (1844)
Name: Amatungulu, Big Num-num
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Kenya; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); China [I] (Fujian [I], S-Guangdong [I]); Taiwan [I]; Java [I]; Guam [I]; USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I]); Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]
23 ZAI 25 KEN 26 MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF 36 chi 38 tai 42 jaw 62 gum 78 usa 79 mex 80 els hon nic 81 bah cub jam pue trt vir 82 clm
Synonyms: hidden
= Arduina grandiflora E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. [Meyer] 190 (1835)
= Arduina macrocarpa Eckl.; S. African J. Sci. 1: 372 (1830)
= Carissa africana A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 332 (1844)
= Carissa carandas Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 155 (1790), sensu auct.
= Carissa grandiflora (E.Mey.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 335 (1844)
= Carissa praetermissa Kupicha; Kew Bull. 36: 47 (1981)
= Jasminonerium africanum (A.DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
= Jasminonerium grandiflorum (E.Mey.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Jasminonerium macrocarpum (Eckl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
species :
Carissa ovata R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 468 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (N-Western Australia: Kimberley region, NE-Queensland to NE-New South Wales); New Caledonia
50 AUS 60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Carissa brownii F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 4: 45 (1864), nom. illeg.
= Carissa brownii var. ovata (R.Br.) Maiden & Betche; Census N.S.W. Pl. 173 (1916), nom. inval.
= Jasminonerium ovatum (R.Br.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
= Carissa ovata var. stolonifera F.M.Bailey; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 9: 9 (1894)
= Carissa stolonifera (F.M.Bailey) F.M.Bailey ex Perrot & Vogt; Trav. Lab. Matière Méd. École Supér. Pharm. Paris 9: 112 (1913), nom. inval.
= Carissa ovata var. pubescens F.M.Bailey; Compr. Cat. Queensland Pl. 317 (1913)
species :
Carissa paucinervia A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 333 (1844)
Distribution: India (Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Carissa carandas var. paucinervia (A.DC.) Bedd.; Fl. Sylv. S. India 156 (1872)
= Carissa opaca Stapf ex Haines; Indian Forester 47: 378 (1921)
= Carissa paucinervia var. opaca (Stapf ex Haines) Haines; Bot. Bihar Orissa 534 (1922)
= Carissa spinarum var. paucinervia Haines; Indian Forester 45: 387 (1919)
species :
Carissa pichoniana Leeuwenb.; Wageningen Agr. Univ. Pap. 97(2): 101 (1997), nom. nov.
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Carissa verticillata Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 136 (1949)
species :
Carissa salicina Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 554 (1785)
Distribution: India (Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Jasminonerium salicinum (Lam.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
species :
Carissa scabra R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 468 (1810)
Distribution: Australia (Cape York Peninsula, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Carissa sebrabergensis van Jaarsv. & Swanepoel; Fl. Pl. Africa 67: 150 (2021)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
species :
Carissa spinarum L.; Mant. Pl. 2: 559 (1771)
Name: Climbing Num-num
Distribution: Egypt (SE-Egypt); Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia (incl. Caprivi Strip); Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga); Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius; La Réunion; Rodrigues; Aldabra; Seychelles; Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Oman; Yemen (Tihama, W-Yemen); China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Murree, Pakistani Punjab, etc.); Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (South Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; ?peninsular Malaysia; Java; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, N-Western Australia); Honduras [I]
20 EGY 22 BEN BKN GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI NGA SEN TOG 23 BUR CAF CMN CON RWA ZAI 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOC SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF 29 ALD COM MAU MDG REU ROD SEY 35 OMA SAU YEM 36 CHI 40 BAN IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW MOL NWG 50 AUS 80 hon
Synonyms: hidden
= Antura edulis Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. cvi. (1775)
= Antura hadiensis J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 405 (1791), nom. illeg.
= Arduina brownii K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 127 (1895)
= Arduina campenonii Drake; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 1222 (1896)
= Arduina edulis (Forssk.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 669 (1825 publ. 1824)
= Arduina xylopicron (Thouars) Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 10: 170 (1888)
= Cabucala brachyantha Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 205 (1948)
= Carandas edulis (Forssk.) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 3: 664 (1898)
= Carissa axillaris Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 84 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 526 (1824), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 691 (1832)
= Carissa brownii var. angustifolia Kempe; Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 3: 135 (1880)
= Carissa campenonii (Drake) Palacký; Cat. Pl. Madagasc. [Palacký] 3: 29 (1907)
= Carissa candolleana Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 5: 107 (1857)
= Carissa cochinchinensis Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1112 (1933)
= Carissa comorensis (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 26 (1970)
= Carissa coriacea Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 105 (1837)
= Carissa cornifolia Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 5: 108 (1857)
= Carissa densiflora Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 204 (1884)
= Carissa densiflora var. microphylla Danguy ex Lecomte; Madag. Bois Analamaz. 134 (1922)
= Carissa diffusa Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 19 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 524 (1824), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 689 (1832)
= Carissa dulcis Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 146 (1827)
= Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 1: 22 (1790)
= Carissa edulis f. nummularis (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 26 (1970)
= Carissa edulis f. pubescens (A.DC.) Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 129 (1949)
= Carissa edulis subsp. continentalis Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 129 (1949)
= Carissa edulis subsp. madagascariensis (Thouars) Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 130 (1949)
= Carissa edulis var. ambungana Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 131 (1949)
= Carissa edulis var. comorensis Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 134 (1949)
= Carissa edulis var. densiflora (Baker) Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 130 (1949)
= Carissa edulis var. horrida (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 26 (1970)
= Carissa edulis var. lucubea Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 134 (1949)
= Carissa edulis var. major Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 90 (1902)
= Carissa edulis var. microphylla (Danguy ex Lecomte) Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 131 (1949)
= Carissa edulis var. nummularis Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 132 (1949)
= Carissa edulis var. revoluta (Scott Elliot) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 26 (1970)
= Carissa edulis var. sechellensis (Baker) Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 3 (1949)
= Carissa edulis var. septentrionalis Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 133 (1949)
= Carissa edulis var. subtrinervia Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 131 (1949)
= Carissa edulis var. tomentosa (A.Rich.) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(1): 90 (1902), nom. illeg.
= Carissa hirsuta Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 128 (1821)
= Carissa horrida Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 135 (1949)
= Carissa lanceolata R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 468 (1810)
= Carissa laotica Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 1113 (1933)
= Carissa laotica var. ferruginea Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 87 (1937)
= Carissa madagascariensis Thouars; Mélanges Bot. 4: 80 (1811)
= Carissa mitis Heynh. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 332 (1844)
= Carissa obovata Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 25 (1970)
= Carissa oleoides Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 26 (1970)
= Carissa papuana Markgr.; Nova Guinea 14: 278 (1925)
= Carissa pilosa Schinz; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 30: 259 (1888)
= Carissa pubescens A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 334 (1844)
= Carissa revoluta Scott Elliot; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 33 (1891)
= Carissa richardiana Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 5: 106 (1857)
= Carissa sechellensis Baker; Fl. Mauritius [J.G.Baker] 222 (1877)
= Carissa septentrionalis (Pichon) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 10: 26 (1970)
= Carissa spinarum Lodd. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 336 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Carissa spinarum var. diffusa (Roxb.) Haines; Bot. Bihar Orissa 534 (1922)
= Carissa spinarum var. hirsuta (Roth) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 631 (1882)
= Carissa tomentosa A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 30 (1850), nom. illeg.
= Carissa velutina Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 521 (1928)
= Carissa villosa Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 19 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 525 (1824), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 690 (1832)
= Carissa xylopicron Thouars; Mélanges Bot. 4: 80 (1811)
= Carissa yunnanensis Tsiang & P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11(4): 347-349, t. 36 (1973)
= Jasminonerium densiflorum (Baker) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
= Jasminonerium dulce (Schumach. & Thonn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
= Jasminonerium edule (Forssk.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 415 (1891)
= Jasminonerium inerme (Vahl) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
= Jasminonerium laxiflorum (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
= Jasminonerium madagascariense (Thouars) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
= Jasminonerium pubescens (A.DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
= Jasminonerium sechellense (Baker) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
= Jasminonerium tomentosum (A.Rich.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Jasminonerium xylopicron (Thouars) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 414 (1891)
species :
Carissa tetramera (Sacleux) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4: t. 91 (1902)
Name: Sand forest Num-num
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ ZIM 27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Arduina tetramera Sacleux; J. Bot. [Morot] 7: 312 (1893)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 1st, 2025)

Covering 356,269 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,497 synonyms,
in total 1,415,638* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life