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Ver. 24.11
November 5th, 2024

450.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Comment. Bot. 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and other recent publications. Barnadesioideae might be its own family, related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35141; hybrids: 686
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. N. Amer. 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Nebraska Univ. Stud. 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl.: 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg.: 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; J. A. Schenk, Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch.: 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch.: 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 498 (1843)
450.6105 Genus Calendula L.; Sp. Pl. 921 (1753)
Distribution: Macaronesia, Mediterranean, W-Asia eastward to Caucasus, Iran, Middle Asia, and Afghanistan. According to Sadler et al. (2022) the genus should be included in Osteospermum s. l.
Species listed in database: 17
= Caltha Tourn. ex Adans.; Fam. 2: 126 (1763)
= Calendella Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 135 (1898), Post & Kuntze, Lexic. 89 (1903)
species :
Calendula arvensis L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1303 (1763)
Name: Acker-Ringelblume (DE); Field Marigold (EN); Maravilla africana (ES)
Distribution: England; Sweden; Netherlands; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg [I], Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, +Hessen, Hessen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], +Saarland, +Sachsen, +Sachsen-Anhalt, +Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Monaco; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (very widespread); Crete (widespread, incl. Gavdos); Estonia [I]; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl.); Chad; South Africa [I] (KwaZulu-Natal [I]); Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Laghman, Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, S-Saudi Arabia: Rub to Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen); South Korea [I]; Pakistan (Baluchistan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Swat, Hazara, Pakistani Punjab, Baltistan); NW-India (Ladakh, Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (California [I]); Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Biobío [I])
10 GRB SWE 11 AUT GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 BAL CIS COR FRA GIB MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 est KRY MLD UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 24 CHA 27 saf 32 TKM TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 38 kor 40 IND PAK 50 aus 51 nzl 76 usa 85 arg cle uru
Remarks: there are several forms best regarded as varieties (aegyptiaca, macroptera and bicolor)
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula aegyptiaca Desf.; Tabl. Ecole Bot. 100 (1804)
= Calendula aegyptiaca Pers.; Syn. Pl. 2: 492 (1807)
= Calendula aegyptiaca var. crista-galli (Viv.) Lanza
= Calendula aegyptiaca var. microcephala (Boiss.) Rawi; Techn. Bull. Dept. Agric. Iraq 14: 107 (1964)
= Calendula aegyptiaca var. suberostris Boiss.
= Calendula alata Rech.f.; Fl. Iranica 164: 104, t. 72 (1989)
= Calendula algeriensis Boiss. & Reut.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 6: 109 (1856)
= Calendula amplexifolia Rchb.; Flora 13: 382 (1830)
= Calendula arvensis proles sublanata (Rchb.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 355 (1903)
= Calendula arvensis f. alata Heyn et al.; Israel J. Bot. 23: 188 (1974)
= Calendula arvensis subsp. communis Emb. & Maire
= Calendula arvensis subsp. macroptera Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 355 (1903)
= Calendula arvensis subsp. micrantha (Tineo & Guss.) Holmboe; Stud. Veg. Cyprus: 183 (1914)
= Calendula arvensis subsp. sublanata (Rchb.f.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 398 (1879)
= Calendula arvensis subsp. sublanata P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 995 (1940)
= Calendula arvensis var. bicolor (Raf.) DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 452 (1837)
= Calendula arvensis var. macroptera (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot., 17(1): 91 (1987 publ. 1988)
= Calendula arvensis var. parviflora Willk.
= Calendula bicolor Raf.; Caratt. Nuov. Gen.: 82 (1810)
= Calendula bicolor var. cossoni Quézel & Santa
= Calendula bicolor var. faureli Quézel & Santa
= Calendula bicolor var. odettei Quézel & Santa
= Calendula brachyglossa Rupr.; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1852: 2 (1852)
= Calendula byzantina DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 453 (1838)
= Calendula crista-galli Viv.; Fl. Lib. Spec. 59, t. 26. f, 2 (1824)
= Calendula echinata DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 453 (1838)
= Calendula gracilis DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 453 (1838)
= Calendula malacitana Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. 61 (1852)
= Calendula malvaecarpa Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 33 (1874)
= Calendula micrantha Boiss. & Noë; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 6: 111 (1859)
= Calendula micrantha Tineo & Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2(2): 874 (1845), nom. illeg.
= Calendula microcephala Kralik ex Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 15: 99 (1853)
= Calendula parviflora Raf.; Caratt. Nuov. Gen. 83 (1810), nom. illeg., non Thunb. 1800
= Calendula persica C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Caucasus 72 (1831)
= Calendula persica subsp. gracilis (DC.) Holmboe; Stud. Veg. Cyprus: 183 (1914), nom. illeg.
= Calendula persica var. gracilis (DC.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 418 (1875)
= Calendula persica var. microcephala Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 419 (1875)
= Calendula platycarpa var. malvaecarpa (Pomel) Batt.
= Calendula sancta L.; Sp. Pl. ed. II. 1304 (1763)
= Calendula sancta subsp. crista-galli (Viv.) Gallego & Talavera; Lagascalia, 11(1): 103 (1983)
= Calendula sicula Poir.; Lam., Encycl. 7: 277 (1806)
= Calendula subinermis Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 34 (1874)
= Calendula sublanata Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 15: 99, t. 891 (1853)
= Calendula sylvestris Garsault; Descr. Pl. Anim. 130 (1767)
= Calendula undulata J.Gay ex Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 417 (1829)
= Caltha arvensis (L.) Moench; Methodus: 585 (1794)
= Caltha graveolens Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 212 (1782), opus utique oppr.
species :
Calendula davisii A.C.Gonc. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 605(1): 26 (2023)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
species :
Calendula eckerleinii Ohle; Feddes Repert. 86(1-2): 8 (1975)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
species :
Calendula karakalensis Vassilcz.; Kom., Fl. U.R.S.S. 26: 860, 895 (1961)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
species :
Calendula lanzae Maire; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 8: 138 (1928)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula echinata subsp. lanzae Maire
= Calendula murbeckii subsp. lanzae (Maire) Maire
= Calendula suffruticosa subsp. ifniensis Font Quer
species :
Calendula maroccana (Ball) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 383 (1893)
subspecies :
subsp. maroccana
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula suffruticosa subsp. maroccana Ball; J. Bot. 11: 367 (1873)
subspecies :
subsp. murbeckii (Lanza) Ohle; Feddes Repert. 86(1-2): 13 (1975)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula murbeckii Lanza ex Murb.; Lunds Univ. Arsskrift, n. s. 19: No. 1, 59 (1923)
species :
Calendula meuselii Ohle; Feddes Repert. 86(1-2): 4 (1975)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
species :
Calendula officinalis L.; Sp. Pl. 921 (1753)
Name: Garten-Ringelblume (DE); Maravilla de muerto (ES)
Distribution: England; Northern Ireland; Ireland; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Baleares (Mallorca); France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania [c]; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; S-European Russia; Estonia [I]; Belarus [I]; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco [I]; Libya [c]; Azores (Corvo, Faial, Flores Isl., Graciosa, Pico, Sao Jorge, Sao Miguel, Sta. Maria, Terceira); Madeira (Porto Santo Isl., Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (El Hierro, La Palma, Tenerife); Mauritius [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; East Aegaean Isl. [I]; Turkey [I]; Iran [I]; Afghanistan [I]; Lebanon [I] (coastal W-Lebanon [I]); Syria [I] (C-Syrian Desert [I], NW-Syria [I]); China [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal [I]; Bhutan [I]; India [c]; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Vietnam [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I], New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; USA [I] (California [I], Connecticut [I], Maine [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], New Hampshire [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Honduras [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Bolivia [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Biobío [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
10 GRB IRE nor swe 11 AUT BGM ger HUN lie NET POL SLO SWI 12 BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 alb BIH BUL CRO grc ITA KOS kri MLT MNT ROM SIC SLV sma SRB 14 blr est KRY MLD RUS UKR 20 lby mor 21 AZO CNY MDR 29 mau 31 rfe 32 kaz TKM TZK uzb 33 NCS 34 afg eai irn leb syr tur 36 chi 38 tai 40 ban bhu ind nep pak 41 mya vie 42 jaw lsi sul 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 60 rot 75 usa 76 usa 79 mex 80 gua hon 81 trt 82 clm 83 bol ecu 85 arg cle jnf
Remarks: the native area is quite uncertain because of long cultivation
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula arvensis subsp. hydruntina (Fiori) Lanza; Atti Accad. Sci. Palermo, ser. 3, 12: 113 (1923)
= Calendula aurantiaca Kotschy ex Boiss.; Exsicc. (Pl. Pers. Austr.) 1845: no. 295 (1845)
= Calendula eriocarpa DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 53 (1838)
= Calendula hydruntina (Fiori) Lanza; Atti R. Accad. Palermo, ser. III. 12: 113 (1923)
= Calendula officinalis f. isabellina Hegi; 802 (1928)
= Calendula officinalis f. ligulata Hegi; 802 (1928)
= Calendula officinalis f. lingulata Nordh.; 671 (1940), nom. inval.
= Calendula officinalis f. pallida Hegi; 802 (1928)
= Calendula officinalis f. ranunculodes Hegi; 802 (1928)
= Calendula officinalis f. regalis Hegi; 802 (1928)
= Calendula officinalis f. sulphurea Hegi; 802 (1928)
= Calendula officinalis f. superba Hegi; 802 (1928)
= Calendula officinalis var. hydruntina Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 298 (1903)
= Calendula officinalis var. parviflora Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 140 (1898)
= Calendula officinalis var. prolifera Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 416 (1829)
= Calendula prolifera Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2(1): 256 (1840)
= Calendula ranunculodes Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3. 1: 539 (1894), pro syn.
= Calendula santamariae Font Quer; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32: 120 (1932)
= Calendula sinuata Boiss. & Gaill.; Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 6: 109 (1859)
= Calendula sinuata var. aurantiaca (Kotschy) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 416 (1875)
= Caltha officinalis (L.) Moench; Methodus 585 (1794), nom. illeg.
species :
Calendula oualidii A.C.Gonc. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 605(1): 34 (2023)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
species :
Calendula pachysperma Zohary; Palest. J. Bot. Jerusalem ser. 2: 172 (1941)
Distribution: Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert)
34 ISR
species :
Calendula palaestina Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 10: 83 (1849)
Distribution: Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (W-Iran); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I])
34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula ceratosperma Viv.; Fl. Lib. Spec. 59, t. 20 (1824)
= Calendula repanda Boiss. & Noë; Diagn. Pl. Orient. Ser. II. 6: 110 (1859)
species :
Calendula pinnatiloba (Coss. ex Maire) A.C.Gonc. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 605(1): 39 (2023)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula murbeckii var. pinnatiloba Coss. ex Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 19: 57 (1928)
species :
Calendula ricardoi Simao, Reyes-Bet. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 640(2): 142 (2024)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura)
21 CNY
species :
Calendula stellata Cav.; Icon. Descr. 1: 3 (1791)
Name: Stern-Ringelblume (DE)
Distribution: Sicily; Pantelleria; Malta; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
13 MLT PTL SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula arvensis var. sicula (Willd.) Quézel & Santa
= Calendula arvensis var. stellata (Cav.) Maire
= Calendula asterias Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 31 (1835)
= Calendula cornuta Poir.; Encyc. 7: 277 (1806)
= Calendula dentata Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 136 (1821), nom. inval.
= Calendula denticulata Schousb. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. 2: 936 (1809)
= Calendula forskohleana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2(1): 256 (1840)
= Calendula macroptera Rouy; Fl. France 8: 355 (1903)
= Calendula sicula Cirillo ex Balb.; Hort. Taur. (1800)
= Calendula sicula Willd.; Enum. Pl.: 934 (1809), nom. illeg.
= Calendula spatulata Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl. Nachtr. 3: 24 (1826)
= Calendula vidalii Vidal y Lopez; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 25: 342 (1925)
= Caltha dentata Moench; Suppl. Meth.: 238 (1802)
= Caltha stellata (Cav.) Moench; Suppl. Meth.: 238 (1802)
species :
Calendula suffruticosa Vahl; Symb. Bot. 2: 94 (1791)
subspecies :
subsp. suffruticosa
Name: Halbstrauchige Ringelblume (DE); Maravilla de mar (ES)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
20 ALG MOR TUN 21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula cariensis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 82 (1849)
= Calendula dalgesirum DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 452 (1838)
= Calendula fruticosa DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 452 (1838)
= Calendula hispanica DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 452 (1838)
= Calendula noeana Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 3: 416 (1875)
= Calendula stellata var. atlantica Desf.
subspecies :
subsp. algarbiensis (Boiss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 398 (1879)
Distribution: SW-Portugal (coastal); NW-Spain (Galicia, La Coruna)
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula algarbiensis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. Ser. II. 6: 106 (1859)
= Calendula incana subsp. algarbiensis (Boiss.) Ohle; Feddes Repert. 85(4): 274 (1974)
= Calendula incana subsp. microphylla (Lange ex Willk.) Ohle; Feddes Repert. 85: 278 (1974)
= Calendula incana var. prostrata Ohle; Feddes Repert. 85: 276 (1974)
= Calendula microphylla Lange ex Ficalho; Bol. Soc. Broter. 1: 51 (1883)
= Calendula microphylla Lange ex Nyman; Consp. fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): 178 (1899)
= Calendula microphylla Lange ex Willk.; Ill. Fl. Hispan. 1: 130 (1884)
= Calendula suffruticosa f. microphylla (Lange) A.Fern.; Anuar. Soc. Brot. 45: 69 (1979)
= Calendula suffruticosa var. gallaecica Pau & Merino; Fl. Galicia 2: 402 (1906)
subspecies :
subsp. balansae (Boiss. & Reut.) Ohle; Feddes Repert. 86(9-10): 534 (1975)
Distribution: Algeria
20 ALG
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula balansae Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. Ser. II. 6: 107 (1859)
= Calendula tomentosa var. balansae (Boiss. & Reut.) Quézel & Santa
= Calendula suffruticosa var. balansae (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire
subspecies :
subsp. boccoyana A.C.Gonc. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 605(1): 43 (2023)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
subspecies :
subsp. boissieri Lanza; Atti Reale Acad. Sci. Lett. Belle Arti Palermo 11: 142 (1919)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Libya
20 ALG LBY MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula boissieri Lanza; Atti R. Accad. Palermo, ser. III. 12: 142 (1923)
= Calendula marginata var. acutifolia Batt. ex Batt. & Trab.; non Boiss. & Reut.
= Calendula suffruticosa var. polymorphocarpa Quézel & Santa
= Calendula suffruticosa var. trimorphocarpa (Maire) Quézel & Santa
subspecies :
subsp. carbonellii Ohle; Feddes Repert. 85(4): 268 (1974)
Distribution: S-Spain (Málaga, coastal); Gibraltar
12 GIB SPA
subspecies :
subsp. cinerea (Ohle) P.Silveira & A.C.Gonç.; Phytotaxa 145(1): 52 (2013)
Distribution: SW-Portugal (Cabo de Sao Vicente)
12 POR
Conservation Status: endangered, known only from a single population
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula incana var. cinerea Ohle; Feddes Repert. 85(4): 277 (1974)
subspecies :
subsp. dersana A.C.Gonc. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 605(1): 45 (2023)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
subspecies :
subsp. djurdjurensis Ohle ex A.C.Gonc. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 605(1): 45 (2023)
Distribution: Algeria
20 ALG
subspecies :
subsp. foliosa (Batt.) A.C.Gonc. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 605(1): 46 (2023)
Distribution: Algeria
20 ALG
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula foliosa Batt.; Batt. & Trab. Fl. de l´Alger. (Dicot.) 479 (1888)
subspecies :
subsp. fulgida (Raf.) Guadagno; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 29: 64 (1922)
Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; European Turkey; ?Morocco; Turkey
13 ITA MLT PEL SIC TUE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula fulgida Raf.; Caratt. Nuov. Gen.: 83 (1810)
= Calendula gussonei Lanza; Atti R. Accad. Palermo, ser. III. 12: 67, 145 (1923)
= Calendula officinalis var. fulgida Fiori
= Calendula suffruticosa subsp. fulgida (Raf.) Ohle; Feddes Repert. 85: 265 (1974), isonym
= Calendula suffruticosa var. gussonei (Lanza) Ohle; Feddes Repert. 85: 267 (1974)
= Calendula undulata Raf.; Caratt. Nuov. Gen.: 81 (1810)
subspecies :
subsp. greuteri Ohle; Feddes Repert. 85(4): 269 (1974)
Distribution: S-Spain (Almeria, Granade, Málaga: between Berja and Cabo da Gata)
12 SPA
subspecies :
subsp. guruguensis A.C.Gonc. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 605(1): 47 (2023)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
subspecies :
subsp. hosmarensis A.C.Gonc. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 605(1): 50 (2023)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
subspecies :
subsp. lusitanica (Boiss.) Ohle; Feddes Repert. 85: 270 (1974)
Distribution: SW-Portugal (coastal); N-Morocco
12 POR 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula lusitanica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 83 (1849)
= Calendula lusitanica var. microcephala Mariz; Bol. Soc. Brot. 9: 240 (1891)
= Calendula lusitanica var. transtagana Mariz; Bol. Soc. Brot. 9: 240 (1891)
= Calendula microcephala Lange; Bol. Soc. Brot. 1: 51 (1883), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. maderensis (DC.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3(1): 11 (1999)
Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas)
21 MDR
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula incana subsp. maderensis (DC.) Ohle; Feddes Repert. 85(4): 281 (1974)
= Calendula maderensis DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 454 (1838)
= Calendula maritima Lowe ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 454 (1838), nom. inval.
= Calendula stellata Lowe ex DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 6: 454 (1838), nom. inval.
subspecies :
subsp. marginata (Willd.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc. 3: 789 (1934)
Distribution: S-Spain (Cádiz: from Punta Carnero to Gibraltar); Gibraltar
12 GIB SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula marginata Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 935 (1809)
= Calendula tomentosa subsp. marginata (Willd.) Lanza
subspecies :
subsp. maritima (Guss.) Meikle; J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 71(4): 274 (1975 publ. 1976)
Distribution: Sicily (Trapani region, Isola Grande della Stagnone, La Maraone, Favignana)
13 SIC
Conservation Status: IUCN CR, known only from few populations
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula maritima Guss.; Ind. Sem. Hort. Bocc. (1825)
= Calendula incana subsp. maritima (Guss.) Ohle; Feddes Repert. 85(4): 279 (1974)
subspecies :
subsp. marsaensis A.C.Gonc. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 605(1): 51 (2023)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
subspecies :
subsp. monardii (Boiss. & Reut.) Ohle; Feddes Repert. 86(9-10): 532 (1975)
Distribution: Algeria
20 ALG
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula monardi Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. Ser. II. 6: 108 (1859)
subspecies :
subsp. riffensis A.C.Gonc. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 605(1): 52 (2023)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
subspecies :
subsp. tazaensis A.C.Gonc. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 605(1): 53 (2023)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
subspecies :
subsp. tlemcensis Ohle; Feddes Repert. 86(9-10): 537 (1975)
Distribution: ?Morocco; Algeria
20 ALG
subspecies :
subsp. tomentosa (Desf. ex Ball) Murb.; Lunds Univ. Arsskr. nov. ser., l(4): 9 (1905)
Distribution: S-Spain (S of Cádiz, from Punta Camarinal to Guadalmesí River)
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula incana Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 2341 (1803)
= Calendula suffruticosa var. tomentosa Desf. ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 517 (1878)
= Calendula tomentosa Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 305 (1799), nom. illeg. non L.f.
subspecies :
subsp. trialata P.Silveira & A.C.Gonç.; Phytotaxa 352(1): 40 (2018)
Distribution: SW-Spain (SE of Cadiz, coastal); Morocco (Cape Cires near Tanger)
12 SPA 20 MOR
subspecies :
subsp. tunetana (Cuénod) A.C.Gonc. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 605(1): 58 (2023)
Distribution: Tunisia
20 TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula suffruticosa var. tunetana (Cuénod) Ohle; Feddes Repert. 86(9-10): 532 (1975)
= Calendula tunetana Cuénod; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56: p. cl. (1910)
subspecies :
subsp. vejerensis P.Silveira & A.C.Gonç.; Phytotaxa 352(1): 40 (2018)
Distribution: S-Spain (Vejer de la Frontera)
12 SPA
Conservation Status: endangered, known only from two subpopulations
species :
Calendula sventenii Simao, Reyes-Bet. & P.Silveira; Phytotaxa 640(2): 142 (2024)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Graciosa, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Teneriffa)
21 CNY
species :
Calendula tripterocarpa Rupr.; Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Pétersb. 14: 231 (1856)
Name: Dreifrüchtige Ringelblume (DE); Maravilla alada (ES)
Distribution: S-Spain (Almería to Murcia and Alicante); S-France [I]; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (SE-Egypt); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Lanzarote, Tenerife); Iraq (S-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (Rift Valley); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Asir, Nejd Desert); Qatar; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I])
12 fra SPA 13 PEL 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 21 CNY 34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR 35 QAT SAU 85 cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Calendula aegyptiaca subsp. tripterocarpa (Lanza) Rupr.; Monogr. Calendula: 110 (1919)
= Calendula parviflora var. erostris Lange
= Calendula platycarpa Coss.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 3: 703 (1856) (nom. nud.)
= Calendula stellata var. hymenocarpa Coss.
= Calendula thapsiaecarpa Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 34 (1874)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life