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Ver. 24.12
December 15th, 2024

316.0000 Family Rhizophoraceae Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 2 (1806), nom. cons.
14-15 genera, ca. 140 spp.
Species listed in database: 142; hybrids: 8
= Cassipoureaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 246 (1858)
= Macarisiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 295 (1858)
= Mangiaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 73 (1837)
316.0301 Genus Bruguiera Lam.; Encyc. 4: 696 (1796)
Distribution: Tropical and South Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles, tropical Asia, Pacific, Malesia, N- and NE-Australia
Species listed in database: 5; hybrids: 3
= Kanilia Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 140 (1849)
= Paletuviera Thouars ex DC.; Prod. 3: 32 (1828)
species :
Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 1: 93 (1827)
Distribution: China (Guangdong); India (Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans); Myanmar (Ayeyarwady); Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Australia (N-Queensland: Cape York peninsula)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND LDV MDV SRL 41 AND MYA THA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Bruguiera caryophylloides (Burm.f.) Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 1: 83 (1827)
= Bruguiera malabarica Arn.; Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 369 (1838)
= Kanilia caryophylloides Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 141 (1849)
= Rhizophora candelaria Macrae ex Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 137 (1849)
= Rhizophora caryophylloides Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N. L. Burman] 109 (1768)
= Rhizophora cylindrica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 443 (1753)
species :
Bruguiera exaristata Ding Hou; Nova Guinea, n. s. 8: 166 (1957)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (N-Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
42 LSI NWG 50 AUS
species :
Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam.; Encycl. 4: 696 (1798)
Name: Black Mangrove
Distribution: ?Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mozambique Channel Isl. [Iles Éparses] (Ile Europa); Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl.); Seychelles; China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan (Karachi, Indus Delta); India (Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales); New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Tongatapu, Nomuka, Vava´u); Fiji; Wallis & Futuna (´Uvea Isl. [Wallis]); American Samoa (Tutuila, Aunu´u); [Western] Samoa (´Upolu, Savai´i); Gilbert Isl. (Butaritari, Abemama, Tabiteuea); Nauru; Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Ulebsechel, Urukthapel); Northern Marianas (Saipan); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Woleai, Faraulep, Ifalik, Lamotrek, Satawal, Namonuito, Truk, Moen, Dublon, Tol, Udot, Fefan, Piis, Losap, Namoluk, Lukunor, Satawan, Nukuoro, Pohnpei, Pingelap, Kosrae); Marshall Isl. (Bikini, Rongelap, Utirik, Lae, Ailuk, Likiep, Aur, Ailinglapalap, Majuro, Arno, Jaluit, Ebon)
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ 27 SAF 29 ALD COM MCI MDG SEY 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN IND MDV PAK SRL 41 AND CBD MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM XMS 43 BIS 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ GIL NRU NWC ROT SAM TON VAN WAL 62 GUM MIC MRN MRS PLU
Remarks: B. conjugata is sometimes kept separate (distribution similar, but fairly rare)
Synonyms: hidden
= Bruguiera capensis Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 137 (1849)
= Bruguiera conjugata (L.) Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 9: 118 (1914)
= Bruguiera conjugata f. alba Stone
= Bruguiera gymnorhiza f. alba (Stone) Fosberg; Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 45: 15 (1980)
= Bruguiera rheedei Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 1: 92 (1827)
= Bruguiera rumphii Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 138 (1849)
= Bruguiera wightii Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 138 (1849)
= Bruguiera zippelii Blume; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 139 (1849)
= Rhizophora conjugata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 443 (1753)
= Rhizophora gymnorhiza L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 443 (1753)
= Rhizophora mucronata Náves; Fl. Filip., ed. 3 [Blanco], Nov. App. t. 135 (1880)
= Rhizophora palun DC.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 3: 33 (1828)
= Rhizophora rheedei Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 449 (1841)
= Rhizophora tinctoria Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 394 (1837)
species :
Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ex Griff.; Trans. Med. Phys. Soc. Calcutta 8: 10 (1836)
Distribution: India (Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (Middle Andamans, South Andamans); Myanmar (Ayeyarwady); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (all coasts); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland); Vanuatu; Vanuatu
40 BAN IND 41 AND CBD MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 VAN
Conservation Status: endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Bruguiera ritchiei Merr.; Philipp. Gov. Lab. Bur. Bull. 6: 11 (1903)
= Kanilia parviflora Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 140 (1850)
= Rhizophora parviflora Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 461 (1824)
= Rhizophora pauciflora Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 664 (1854)
species :
Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir.; Encycl., Suppl. 4(1): 262 (1816)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan); India (Kerala, Odisha, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (South Andamans); Myanmar (Ayeyarwady, Yangon); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (all coasts); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland); Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I])
36 CHI 40 BAN IND SRL 41 AND CBD MYA THA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM XMS 43 BIS 50 AUS 63 haw
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Bruguiera australis A.Cunn. ex Arn.; Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 368 (1838)
= Bruguiera eriopetala Wight & Arn.; Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 368 (1838)
= Bruguiera oxyphylla Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 1: 324 (1860)
= Bruguiera parietosa Griff.; Notul. Pl. Asiat. 4: 670 (1854), Ic. Pl. Asiat., t. 641
= Bruguiera sexangularis Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 602 (1825)
= Rhizophora australis (A.Cunn. ex Arn.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 449 (1841)
= Rhizophora eriopetala (Wight & Arn.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 449 (1841)
= Rhizophora polyandra Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 396 (1837)
= Rhizophora sexangula Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 297 (1790)
species :
Bruguiera ×dungarra N.C.Duke & Hidet.Kudo; Blumea 63(3): 283 (2018)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Bruguiera ×hainesii C.G.Rogers; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 225 (1919)
Distribution: Myanmar (Ayeyarwady); Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Selangor, Negeri Sembilan); Singapore; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.
41 MYA THA 42 MLY NWG SNG 43 SOL
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
species :
Bruguiera ×rhynchopetala (W.C.Ko) N.C.Duke & X.J.Ge; Blumea (2011)
Distribution: China; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); etc.
36 CHI 42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala W.C.Ko; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 110 (1978)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.12 (December 15th, 2024)

Covering 355,703 accepted species,
8,716 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,001,068 synonyms,
in total 1,413,410* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life