384.0000 Family Amaranthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 87 (1789), nom. cons.

ca. 185 genera, ca. 2300 spp. According to many modern authors and all PCR results Chenopodiaceae is only a subfamily or section of Amaranthaceae.

Species listed in database: 2292; hybrids: 76

384.1219 Genus Amaranthus L.; Sp. Pl.: 989 (1753)

Distribution: subtropical and temperate regions, few tropics. Many worldwide escaped as weeds. Phylogeny: Waselkov et al. 2018; Revision: Bayon et al. 2015

Species listed in database: 90; hybrids: 14

species :

Amaranthus acanthobracteatus Henrickson; Sida 21(1): 12 (2004)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)

79 MEX

Remarks: clade unknown

species :

Amaranthus acanthochiton (Torr.) Sauer; Madrono 13: 44 (1955)

Name: Greenstripe, greenstripe amaranth

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Clade 7 (dioecious clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Acanthochiton wrightii Torr.; Sitgr. Rep. 170. t. 13 (1853)

species :

Amaranthus albus L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1268 (1759)

Name: White amaranth (EN); Weißer Amarant (DE)

Distribution: England [I]; Denmark [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Andorra [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica [I]; Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Malta [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Montenegro [I]; North Macedonia [I]; Albania [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; European Turkey [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; E-European Russia [I]; Moldova [I]; Ukraine [I]; Crimea [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I]); Siberia [I] (Altai [I], Krasnoyarsk [I], Tuva [I], W-Siberia [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Armenia [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); Turkey [I] (E-Anatolia [I], Inner Anatolia [I], N-Anatolia [I]); Iraq [I] (NW-Iraq [I], SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia [I]); Iran [I] (N-Iran [I], Iranian Aserbaijan [I]); Afghanistan [I]; Cyprus [I] (E-Cyprus [I], N-Cyprus [I], S-Cyprus [I], W-Cyprus [I]); Lebanon [I] (C-Lebanon [I], coastal W-Lebanon [I]); Syria [I] (coastal W-Syria [I], Jazira [I], NW-Syria [I]); Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I], N-Israel [I]); Saudi Arabia [I]; China [I] (Hebei [I], Heilongjiang [I], Nei Mongol [I], Xinjiang [I]); Mongolia [I]; South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Cambodia [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Australian Capital Territory [I]); New Zealand [I]; Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan); St. Pierre and Miquelon; USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I])

10 den grb 11 aut bgm cze ger hun lie lux net pol slo swi 12 ado bal cis cor fra por sar spa 13 alb bih bul cro grc ita kri mlt mnt nma rom sic slv tue 14 blr est kry lat lit mld rus ukr 20 alg lby mor tun 21 cny 30 sib 31 rfe 32 kaz kgz tkm tzk uzb 33 arm aze geo ncs 34 afg cyp eai irn irq isr leb syr tur 35 sau 36 chi 37 mon 38 jap kor nns 40 ban 41 cbd 50 aus 51 nzl 70 ASK 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 85 arg cle uru

Remarks: Clade 5 (Galapagos clade 3)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus albus var. monosepalus Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 287 (1914)

= Amaranthus albus var. parviflorus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 264 (1849)

= Amaranthus albus var. puberulus Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 287 (1914)

= Amaranthus albus var. pubescens (Uline & W.L.Bray) Fernald; Rhodora 47: 140 (1945)

= Amaranthus albus var. rubicundus Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 287 (1914)

= Amaranthus campestris Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 4: 382 (1805)

= Amaranthus gracilentus H.W.Kung; Chin. J. Bot. 1: 14, t. 5 (1936)

= Amaranthus graecizans Cutanda; Fl. Comp. Madrid: 579 (1861), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus graecizans var. pubescens Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 317 (1894)

= Amaranthus littoralis Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. 2: 893 (1815)

= Amaranthus pubescens (Uline & W.L.Bray) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 313 (1912)

= Euxolus albidus (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33(2): 481 (1915)

= Galliaria albida (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 185 (1897)

= Glomeraria alba (L.) Cav.; Elench. Pl. Hort. Matrit. 16 (1803)

species :

Amaranthus anderssonii Howell; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. Ser. IV. 21: 95 (1933)

Distribution: Galapagos

83 GAL

Remarks: Clade 3 (Galapagos clade 1)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus anderssonii f. erectus J.T.Howell; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 21: 96 (1933)

species :

Amaranthus arenicola I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 29: 193 (1948)

Name: Sand amaranth

Distribution: Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I]); South Korea [I]; USA (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Yucatan, Tamaulipas)

34 isr 38 kor 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Clade 7 (dioecious clade)

species :

Amaranthus asplundii Thell.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 322 (1925)

subspecies :

subsp. asplundii

Distribution: Ecuador; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Potosí); Argentina (Jujuy, San Juan); Chile (Los Lagos)

83 BOL ECU 85 ARG CLE

Remarks: clade unknown

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus affinis Thell.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 324 (1925)

= Amaranthus buchtienianus Thell.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 323 (1925)

subspecies :

subsp. australis (Hunz.) N.Bayón; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 101(2): 275 (2015)

Distribution: Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman)

85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus asplundii var. australis Hunz.; Kurtziana 3: 207, fig. 2 (1906)

species :

Amaranthus australis (A.Gray) J.D.Sauer; Madroño 13: 15 (1955)

Name: Blero de Agua (ES), Water Hemp, Southern water-hemp, southern amaranth (EN), Südlicher Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia); Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Cuba; Jamaica; Haiti; Puerto Rico; Trinidad; Colombia (Chocó, Córdoba, Magdalena); Venezuela (Apure, Aragua, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Sucre); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana

11 ger 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 81 CUB HIS JAM PUE TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN

Remarks: Clade 7 (dioecious clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Acnida alabamensis Standl.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 21: 121 (1917)

= Acnida australis A.Gray; Amer. Naturalist 10: 489 (1876)

= Acnida cannabina Chapm.; Fl. S. U. St. Suppl. 645 non L. 1753

= Acnida cannabina var. australis (A.Gray) Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 20: 157 (1895)

= Acnida cannabina var. cuspidata (Bertero ex Spreng.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 277 (1849)

= Acnida cuspidata Bertero ex Spreng.; Syst. 3: 903 (1826)

species :

Amaranthus bengalensis Saubhik Das & Iamonico; Phytotaxa 181(5): 297 (2014)

Distribution: India (throughout)

40 IND

Remarks: clade unknown

species :

Amaranthus blitoides S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 273 (1877)

Name: Mat amaranth (EN); Westamerikanischer Amarant (DE); Bledo (ES)

Distribution: England [I]; Germany [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Malta [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Montenegro [I]; North Macedonia [I]; Albania [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; European Turkey [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; E-European Russia [I]; Moldova [I]; Ukraine [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I], Nile Valley [I], NW-coastal Egypt [I]); Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Tenerife [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Sao Vicente Isl. [I]); South Africa [I] (N-Cape Prov. [I]); Siberia [I] (Altai [I], Krasnoyarsk [I], Tuva [I], W-Siberia [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Khabarovsk [I], Kuril Isl. [I], Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Armenia [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); Turkey [I] (SSW-Anatolia [I]); Iran [I] (Iranian Aserbaijan [I]); Lebanon [I] (C-Lebanon [I]); Syria [I] (C-Syrian Desert [I], NW-Syria [I], Jbel Druze [I]); Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I], N-Israel [I]); Sinai peninsula [I] (N-Sinai [I]); China [I] (Beijing [I], Liaoning [I], Nei Mongol [I]); Mongolia [I]; Myanmar [I]; Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Sonora, Coahuila, etc.); Argentina [I] (La Pampa [I], Rio Negro [I])

10 grb 11 cze ger hun pol slo 12 bal fra gib por spa 13 alb bul cro grc ita kri mlt mnt nma rom slv tue 14 blr est lat lit mld rus ukr 20 alg egy mor tun 21 azo cny cvi 27 saf 30 sib 31 rfe 32 kaz kgz tkm tzk uzb 33 arm aze geo ncs 34 eai irn isr leb sin syr tur 36 chi 37 mon 41 mya 70 ASK 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 85 arg

Remarks: Clade 5 (Galapagos clade 3)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus angustifolius f. nanus (Moq.) Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(1): 307 (1914)

= Amaranthus aragonensis Sennen; Bull. Géogr. Bot. 21: 123 (1911)

= Amaranthus blitoides f. densifolius (Uline & W.L.Bray) Raus; Willdenowia 52(3): 338 (2022)

= Amaranthus blitoides f. thellungii (Sennen ex Thell.) Raus; Willdenowia 52(3): 338 (2022)

= Amaranthus blitoides var. crassior Jeps.; Fl. Calif.: 449 (1916)

= Amaranthus blitoides var. crassius Jeps.; Fl. Calif. 1: 449 (1914)

= Amaranthus blitoides var. densifolius Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 315 (1894)

= Amaranthus blitoides var. flexuosus Sennen; Pl. Espagne 1924-1925: no. 5099 (1926)

= Amaranthus blitoides var. halophilus Aellen; Rech.f. Fl. Iran 91: 7 (1972)

= Amaranthus blitoides var. nanus (Moq.) Iamonico; Phytotaxa 576(2): 147 (2022)

= Amaranthus blitoides var. reverchonii Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 315 (1894)

= Amaranthus blitum var. nanus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 263 (1849)

= Amaranthus reverchonii (Uline & W.L.Bray) Kov.; Nauch. Trud. Vissh Selskostop. Inst. Plovdiv 23(1): 49 (1978)

= Galliaria blitoides (S.Watson) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 278 (1914)

species :

Amaranthus blitum L.; Sp. Pl.: 990 (1753)

Name: Purple amaranth, livid amaranth (EN); Aufsteigender Amarant (DE); Espinaca china (ES)

Distribution: Denmark [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; +San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania [I]; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Moldova [I]; Ukraine [I]; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Egypt (Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl., Ilha Brava); Mauritania; Guinea; Ivory Coast; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon [I]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Sudan; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal [I], Cape Prov. [I]); Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Agalega Isl. [I]; Ascension Isl. [I]; Siberia [I] (Altai [I], W-Siberia [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Simi); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts); Cyprus (E-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (coastal W-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz); Yemen (W-Yemen); China [I] (Anhui [I], Beijing [I], Fujian [I], Gansu [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Guizhou [I], Hainan [I], Hebei [I], Heilongjiang [I], Henan [I], Hongkong [I], Hubei [I], Hunan [I], Jiangsu [I], Jiangxi [I], Jilin [I], Liaoning [I], Macao [I], Shaanxi [I], Shandong [I], Shanghai [I], Shanxi [I], Sichuan [I], Tianjin [I], Xinjiang [I], Yunnan [I], Zhejiang [I]); South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Hahajima); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan (Sind, N. W. Frontier Prov.); Nepal [I]; India [I] (throughout); Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Vietnam [I]; Singapore [I]; Sumatra [I]; South China Sea Isl. [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Tonga [I] (´Eua [I]); American Samoa [I] (Aunu´u [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I], Aitutaki [I], Ngaputoru Group [I], Palmerston [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Jaluit [I]); Hawaii [I] (Midway Isl. [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Louisiana [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Mississippi [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I]); Mexico [I]; Bahamas; Cuba; Puerto Rico; Dominica; St. Lucia; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Nariño, Quindío, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia [I]; Brazil; S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Cordillera); Uruguay (San Jose); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucuman)

10 den fin swe 11 aut bgm cze ger hun lie lux net pol slo swi 12 BAL cis COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL rom SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 blr est KRY lat lit mld rus ukr 20 ALG EGY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 22 BEN GUI IVO MTN NGA 23 cmn CON GAB ZAI 24 SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF 28 asc 29 aga mau mdg reu 30 sib 31 rfe 32 kaz kgz tkm tzk uzb 33 AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN ISR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU YEM 36 chi 38 jap kor nns OGA tai 40 ban ind nep PAK srl 41 lao tha vie 42 jaw nwg phi scs sng sul sum 50 aus lhi nfk 51 nzl 60 asa ton van 61 coo 62 mrs 63 haw 72 cdn 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 81 BAH CUB DOM PUE STL trt 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 bol ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Albersia arenaria Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 566 (1866)

= Albersia ascendens (Loisel.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s. 17: 142 (1869)

= Albersia blitum (L.) Kunth; Fl. Berol. 2: 144 (1838)

= Albersia blitum var. oleraceus (L.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 4: 721 (1885)

= Albersia livida (L.) Kunth; Fl. Berol., ed. 2, 144 (1838)

= Albersia oleracea (L.) Kunth; Fl. Berol., ed. 2, 2: 144 (1823)

= Amaranthus adscendens Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 44 (1827)

= Amaranthus albus Rodschied ex F.Dietr.; Vollst. Lex. Gärtn., ed. 2, 1: 196 (1824) non L. 1759

= Amaranthus alius E.H.L.Krause; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33(2): 481 (1915)

= Amaranthus ascendens Loisel.; Not. Fl. France: 141 (1810)

= Amaranthus ascendens var. oleraceus (L.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 262 (1935)

= Amaranthus ascendens var. oleraceus (L.) Thell. ex Priszter; Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 221 (1953)

= Amaranthus berchtoldii Seidl ex Opiz; Böhm. Phan. Crypt. Gew.: 164 (1823)

= Amaranthus blitonius St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 119 (1880)

= Amaranthus blitum f. lividus (L.) Letz; Fl. Slovenska 6(4): 723, 111 (2016)

= Amaranthus blitum f. prostratus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 6: 147 (1830)

= Amaranthus blitum f. rubens (Moq.) Hatus.; Hatus. & T. Amano, Fl. Ryukyus, S. of Amami Is., ed. 2: 47 (1994)

= Amaranthus blitum proles ascendens (Loisel.) Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(1): 321 (1914)

= Amaranthus blitum subsp. ascendens (Loisel.) Heukels; Geill. Schoolfl. Nederl.: 169 (1934)

= Amaranthus blitum subsp. ascendens (Loisel.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg: 610 (1834)

= Amaranthus blitum subsp. oleraceus (L.) Costea; Sida 19(4): 984 (2001)

= Amaranthus blitum var. ascendens (Loisel.) DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp.: 4 (1813)

= Amaranthus blitum var. oleraceus (L.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 4: 721 (1885)

= Amaranthus blitum var. procumbens Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 6: 147 (1830)

= Amaranthus circinnatus Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 1: 311 (1810)

= Amaranthus diffusus Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyr. 174 (1867)

= Amaranthus gangeticus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6896 (1832), nomen

= Amaranthus graecizans var. blitum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 541 (1891)

= Amaranthus lividus Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 4: 721 (1885), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus lividus L.; Sp. Pl. 990 (1753)

= Amaranthus lividus proles ascendens (Loisel.) Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 231 (1914)

= Amaranthus lividus proles oleraceus (L.) Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 321 (1914)

= Amaranthus lividus subsp. ascendens (Loisel.) Wacht.; Henkels, Geill. Schoolfl. Nederl. ed. 11: 169 (1934)

= Amaranthus lividus subsp. oleraceus (L.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 10: 376 (1964)

= Amaranthus lividus var. ascendens (Loisel.) Hayw. & Druce; Advent. Fl. Tweedside: 177 (1919)

= Amaranthus lividus var. ascendens (Loisel.) Thell.; Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 215 (1912)

= Amaranthus lividus var. oleraceus (L.) Thell.; Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 215 (1912)

= Amaranthus minor Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 289 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Amaranthus mucronatus Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 1: 311 (1810)

= Amaranthus obtusiflorus (Mart.) Kov.; Nauch. Trud. Vissh Selskostop. Inst. Plovdiv 23(1): 50 (1978)

= Amaranthus officinalis Gromov ex Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9: 139 (1884)

= Amaranthus oleraceus L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 1403 (1763)

= Amaranthus oleraceus var. maximus C.B.Clarke; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 6(1): 34 (1909)

= Amaranthus olitorius Besser; Cat. Jard. Bot. Krzemieniec: 9 (1816)

= Amaranthus prostratus T.Bastard; Essai Fl. Maine et Loire: 344 (1809), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus prostratus var. subascendens DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3 6: 375 (1815)

= Amaranthus ruderalis Koch ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 274 (1849)

= Amaranthus tenuiflorus Fisch. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 267 (1849)

= Amaranthus tenuifolius Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6893 (1829) ex Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 602 (1832)

= Amaranthus viridis All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 19 (1785), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus viridis f. ascendens (Loisel.) Hegi; 265 (1910)

= Amaranthus viridis f. erectus (Froelich) Hegi; 265 (1910)

= Amaranthus viridis f. purpureus (Moq.) Hegi; 265 (1910)

= Blitum lividum (L.) Moench; Methodus 359 (1794)

= Blitum maius Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 237 (1771)

= Blitum oleraceum (L.) Moench; Methodus 359 (1794)

= Euxolus alius E.H.L.Krause; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33(2): 481 (1915)

= Euxolus ascendens (Loisel.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 14(5): 335-336 (1938)

= Euxolus blitum (L.) Gren.; Mém. Soc. Emul. Doubs ser 4 5: 652 (1869)

= Euxolus lividus (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 273 (1849)

= Euxolus lividus var. oblongifolius Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 273 (1849)

= Euxolus oleraceus (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 273 (1849)

= Euxolus oleraceus var. obtusiflorus Seub.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 5(1): 234 (1875)

= Euxolus viridis var. ascendens (Loisel.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 274 (1849)

= Euxolus viridis var. purpurascens Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 274 (1849)

= Euxolus viridis var. rubens Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 274 (1849)

= Glomeraria blitum (L.) Cav.; Elench. Pl. Hort. Matrit. 16 (1803)

= Glomeraria livida (L.) Cav.; Elench. Pl. Hort. Matrit. 16 (1803)

= Glomeraria oleracea (L.) Cav.; Elench. Pl. Hort. Matrit. 16 (1803)

= Pentrius oleraceus (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 42 (1836)

= Pyxidium graecizans Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 263 (1849), nom. inval.

= Pyxidium oleraceum (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 273 (1849)

species :

Amaranthus bouchonii Thell.; Monde Pl. 27(160): 4. (1926)

Name: Bouchon-Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; France; Andorra [I]; Italy [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Lesvos [I]); Argentina [I]

11 ger hun lux slo 12 ado FRA 13 grc ita kri 34 eai 85 arg

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade). Origin Europe (France), derived from A. powellii by mutation. Not convincingly recorded for North America. In the meantime widespread in Europe.

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus hybridus subsp. bouchonii (Thell.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38: 89 (1974)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. bouchonii (Thell.) Lambinon; Candollea 52(2): 273 (1997)

= Amaranthus powellii subsp. bouchonii (Thell.) Costea & Carretero; Sida 19(4): 964 (2001)

species :

Amaranthus brandegeei Standl.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 21: 109 (1917)

Distribution: Mexico (Nayarit, Sonora)

79 MEX

Remarks: clade unknown

species :

Amaranthus brownii Christoph. & Caum; Bull. Bishop Mus., Honolulu, No. 81, 25 (1931)

Distribution: Hawaii (Nihoa Isl.)

63 HAW

Remarks: clade unknown, possibly extinct

Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered; IUCN E

species :

Amaranthus californicus (Moq.) S.Watson; Bot. Calif. 2: 42 (1880)

Name: Californian amaranth, California amaranth

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan); USA (California, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte); Panama

71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX 80 PAN

Remarks: Clade 5 (Galapagos clade 3)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus albomarginatus Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 318 (1894)

= Amaranthus carneus Greene; Pittonia 2: 105 (1890), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus microphyllus Shinners; Sida 1: 248 (1964)

= Mengea californica Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 270 (1849)

species :

Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) Sauer; Madrono 13: 11 (1955)

Name: Salt-marsh water-hemp, tidal-marsh water-hemp, water-hemp pigweed

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia)

75 USA 78 USA

Remarks: Clade 7 (dioecious clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Acnida cannabina L.; Sp. Pl. 1027 (1753)

= Acnida cannabina var. lanceolata Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 277 (1849)

= Acnida cannabina var. salicifolia Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 278 (1849)

= Acnida elliotii Raf.; New Fl. 1: 54 (1836)

= Acnida obtusifolia Raf.; New Fl. 1: 54 (1836)

= Acnida odorata F.Dietr.; Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 1: 89 (1802)

= Acnida rhyssocarpa Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 3: 903 (1826)

= Acnida ruscocarpa Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 4: 768 (1806)

= Acnida salicifolia Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 43 (1817)

= Amaranthus dioicus Michx. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 277 (1849)

= Amaranthus edulis Michx. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 277 (1849)

= Amaranthus giganteus L´Hér. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 277 (1849)

= Amaranthus macrocaulos Poir.; Encyc. Suppl. 1: 314 (1811)

species :

Amaranthus capensis Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mittel-Eur. Fl. 5(1): 293 (1914)

subspecies :

subsp. capensis

Name: Kap-Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; South Africa (Mpulamanga, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

11 ger 27 SAF

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

subspecies :

subsp. uncinatus (Thell.) Brenan; J. S. African Bot. 47(3): 475 (1981)

Distribution: South Africa (Free State)

27 SAF

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus dinteri var. uncinatus Thell.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 79 (1913)

species :

Amaranthus cardenasianus Hunz.; Bol. Soc. Argentina. Bot. 4: 136 (1951)

Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, La Paz); Argentina (Salta)

83 BOL 85 ARG

Remarks: Clade 1 (South American clade)

species :

Amaranthus caudatus L.; Sp. Pl.: 990 (1753)

Name: Garten-Amarant (DE); Love-lies-bleeding (EN); Moco de pavo (ES)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Malta [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Montenegro [I]; European Turkey [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Moldova [I]; Crimea [I]; Morocco [c]; Algeria [c]; Egypt [I] (Desert Oases [I], NE-Egypt [I], Nile Delta [I], Nile Valley [I], NW-coastal Egypt [I], SE-Egypt [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Sao Vicente Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Ilha da Boa Vista [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I]); Cameroon [I]; São Tomé [I]; Central African Republic [I]; Sudan [I]; Angola [I]; Mozambique [I]; Namibia [I]; South Africa [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); Iran [I] (NE-Iran: Mts. [I]); Afghanistan [I]; Sinai peninsula [I] (S-Sinai [I]); Saudi Arabia [I] (C-Saudi Arabia [I], N-Saudi Arabia [I], Asir [I]); Qatar [I]; Yemen [I] (N-Inner Yemen [I], SW-Yemen [I], Tihama [I], W-Yemen [I]); China [I]; South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I] (Baluchistan [I], Baltistan [I]); Nepal [c]; India [I] (throughout); Maldives [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], Victoria [I], New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Tonga [I] (Vava´u [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Makatea Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Kansas [I], Massachusetts [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Tennessee [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I]); Mexico [I]; Belize [I]; Honduras [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Cuba [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (Tortola [I]); Martinique [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Barbados [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Surinam [I]; French Guiana [I]; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, La Paz, Potosí, Tarija); Brazil [I]

11 cze ger hun slo 12 fra 13 bih cro grc ita kri mlt mnt sic slv tue 14 blr kry mld rus 20 alg egy mor 21 cny cvi mdr 23 caf cmn sao 24 sud 26 ang moz 27 nam saf 29 mau reu 31 rfe 32 kaz tzk uzb 33 geo 34 afg eai irn sin 35 qat sau yem 36 chi 38 jap kor nns tai 40 ban ind mdv nep pak srl 41 mya tha vie 42 jaw mly nwg phi 50 aus 51 nzl 60 nwc ton 61 tua 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz cos hon 81 bbd cub mar pue stv trt vir 82 clm frg sur 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 bra

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade). Probably derived as culture selection from A. quitensis.

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus abyssinicus L.H.Bailey; Man. Cult. Pl. 252 (1924)

= Amaranthus alopecurus Hochst. ex A.Br. & Bouché; Index Sem. Hort. Berol. App. (1872) 1

= Amaranthus cararu Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 274 (1849)

= Amaranthus caudatus f. alopecurus (Moq.) Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(1): 234 (1914)

= Amaranthus caudatus f. maximus (Mill.) A.Braun & C.D.Bouché; A. Braun & al., 1 (1873)

= Amaranthus caudatus subsp. mantegazzianus (Pass.) Hanelt; Kulturpflanze 16: 128 (1968)

= Amaranthus caudatus subsp. saueri V.Jehlík; Preslia 62(2): 164 (1990)

= Amaranthus caudatus var. albiflorus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 255 (1849)

= Amaranthus caudatus var. alopecurus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 256 (1849)

= Amaranthus caudatus var. maximus (Mill.) Corrie; Miller´s Dict. Gard.: 182 (1834)

= Amaranthus dussii Sprenger; Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 21: 178 (1896)

= Amaranthus edulis Speg.; Physis (Buenos Aires) 3: 163 (1917)

= Amaranthus edulis var. spadiceus Hunz.; Revista Argent. Agron. 10: 330 (1943)

= Amaranthus hybridus subsp. caudatus (L.) Iamonico & Galasso; Ital. Botanist 4: 34 (2017)

= Amaranthus mantegazzianus Pass.; Hort. Parm. (1864) 4

= Amaranthus maximus Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 5 (1768)

= Amaranthus paniculatus var. caudatus (L.) Jess.; 295 (1879), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus pendulinus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 255 (1849)

= Amaranthus pendulus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 255 (1849)

= Euxolus arvensis Rojas Acosta; Cat. Hist. Nat. Corrientes: 78, 176 (1897)

species :

Amaranthus celosioides Kunth; Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 194 (1817)

Distribution: ?Peru; Argentina (Buenos Aires, Salta)

85 ARG

Remarks: clade unknown

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus hybridus var. pergaminensis Covas; Darwiniana 5: 336 (1941)

species :

Amaranthus centralis J.Palmer & Mowatt; Nuytsia 19(1): 111 (2009)

Distribution: Australia (S-Northern Territory, N-South Australia, NC-Western Australia, W-Queensland)

50 AUS

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

species :

Amaranthus clementii Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 76 (1921)

Distribution: Australia (coastal NW-Western Australia: Pilbara Region)

50 AUS

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

species :

Amaranthus cochleitepalus Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 80 (1921)

Distribution: Australia (N-Western Australia, N-Northern Territory, N-Queensland)

50 AUS

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

species :

Amaranthus congestus C.C.Towns.; Kew Bull. 43(1): 103 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela

82 VEN

Remarks: clade unknown

species :

Amaranthus crassipes Schltdl.; Linnaea 6: 757 (1831)

subspecies :

subsp. crassipes

Name: Spreading amaranth; Thick-stalked amaranth (Bahamas), Bledo manso (Cuba), Bledo, Zerpina (Dominican Republic)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Italy [I]; USA (Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Louisiana, New Mexico, South Carolina, Texas); NE-Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Veracruz); Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; Antigua; Guadeloupe; Martinique; St. Vincent; Barbados; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Atlántico, La Guajira, Magdalena); Venezuela (Falcon, Lara, Sucre)

11 ger 13 ita 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 81 ABA AGU ARU BAH BBD BON CAY CUB CUR GDL HIS JAM MAR PUE SBA STM STV TCI trt VIR 82 CLM VEN

Remarks: Clade 3 (Galapagos clade 1)

Synonyms: hidden

= Euxolus crassipes (Schltdl.) Hieron.; Bol. Acad. Nac. Cordova 4: 13 (1881)

= Scleropus amaranthoides Schrad.; Index Sem. Hort. Götting. (1835). Cf. Linnaea 11: (1837) Litt. 89

= Scleropus crassipes (Schltdl.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 271 (1849)

subspecies :

subsp. warnockii (I.M.Johnst.) N.Bayón; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 101(2): 319 (2015)

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, etc.)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus crassipes var. warnockii (I.M.Johnst.) Henrickson; Sida 18(3): 788 (1999)

= Amaranthus warnockii I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 153 (1944)

species :

Amaranthus crispus (Lesp. & Thévenau) N.Terracc.; Rendiconti Reale Accad Sci. Fis. 4: 188 (1890)

Name: Crisp-leaved amaranth (EN), Krauser Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Croatia [I]; North Macedonia [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; European Russia [I]; Moldova [I]; USA [I] (New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Virginia [I]); Uruguay (Montevideo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Mendoza, Rio Negro, San Luis)

11 aut cze ger hun slo 12 fra 13 bul cro ita nma rom 14 mld rus 75 usa 78 usa 85 ARG URU

Remarks: Clade 1 (South American clade), crispus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Albersia crispa (Lesp. & Thévenau) Asch. ex Hausskn.; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 8: 121 (1890)

= Amaranthus cristulatus Speg.; Com. Mus. Buenos Aires, I. 10: 345 (1901)

= Euxolus crispus Lesp. & Thévenau; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 6: 656 (1860)

species :

Amaranthus cruentus L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1269 (1759)

Name: Red amaranth (EN); Rispiger Amarant (DE); Moco de pavo (ES); Bledo crestagallo (ES)

Distribution: Netherlands [I]; Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Spain [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica [I]; Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Isole Pelagie [I] (Lampedusa [I]); Malta [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Montenegro [I]; Albania [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; European Turkey [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Moldova [I]; Crimea [I]; Morocco [c]; Algeria [c]; Tunisia [c]; Libya [c]; Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I], Nile Valley [I], NW-coastal Egypt [I]); Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I], Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Graciosa [I], Sao Jorge [I], Pico [I], Faial [I], Flores Isl. [I], Corvo Isl. [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I], Porto Santo Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Lanzarote [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I], La Palma Isl. [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I]); Togo [I]; Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; São Tomé [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Sudan [I]; South Sudan [I]; Somalia [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; Namibia [I]; Botswana [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Siberia [I] (Altai [I], Chita [I], Irkutsk [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Armenia [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); Turkey [I] (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia [I]); Iraq [I] (NW-Iraq [I]); Iran [I] (EC-Iran [I], N-Iran [I], S-Iran [I], W-Iran [I]); Afghanistan [I]; Cyprus [I] (C-Mountains [I], N-Cyprus [I], S-Cyprus [I], W-Cyprus [I]); Lebanon [I] (C-Lebanon [I], coastal W-Lebanon [I]); Syria [I] (C-Syrian Desert [I]); Sinai peninsula [I] (S-Sinai [I]); Saudi Arabia [I] (NE-Saudi Arabia [I], Asir [I]); Qatar [I]; United Arab Emirates [I]; Oman [I]; Yemen [I] (Aden Desert [I], SW-Yemen [I], W-Yemen [I]); China [I] (Anhui [I], Beijing [I], Fujian [I], Gansu [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Guizhou [I], Hainan [I], Hebei [I], Heilongjiang [I], Henan [I], Hongkong [I], Hubei [I], Hunan [I], Jiangsu [I], Jiangxi [I], Jilin [I], Liaoning [I], Macao [I], Nei Mongol [I], Ningxia [I], Qinghai [I], Shaanxi [I], Shandong [I], Shanghai [I], Shanxi [I], Sichuan [I], Tianjin [I], Xinjiang [I], Yunnan [I], Zhejiang [I]); Tibet [I]; Mongolia [I]; South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal [c]; S-India [I] (Karnataka [I], Maharashtra [I], Tamil Nadu [I]); Bangladesh [I]; Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; South China Sea Isl. [I]; Sumatra [I]; South China Sea Isl. [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Tonga [I]; Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Tubuai Isl. [I]); Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I], Maui [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], North Carolina [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Panama [I]; Cuba [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I]); Barbuda [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; St. Lucia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Brazil [I]; S-Brazil (Santa Catarina); Paraguay [I]; Argentina (Misiones); Chile [I] (Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Maule [I], Biobío [I])

11 aut ger hun net pol slo 12 bal cis cor fra sar spa 13 alb bul cro grc ita kri mlt mnt pel rom sic slv tue 14 blr est kry lat mld rus 20 alg egy lby mor tun 21 azo cny cvi mdr 22 ben tog 23 cmn con sao 24 som ssu sud 26 moz zam zim 27 bot nam saf swz 29 mau mdg reu 30 sib 31 rfe 32 kaz kgz tkm tzk uzb 33 arm ncs 34 afg cyp eai irn irq leb sin syr tur 35 oma qat sau uae yem 36 chi tib 37 mon 38 jap kor nns tai 40 ban ind ldv nep pak 41 cbd lao mya tha vie 42 jaw lsi nwg phi scs sum xms 50 aus 51 nzl 60 nwc ton 61 aui sci 63 haw 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz gua hon nic pan 81 aba cub gdl his pue stl vir 83 ecu per 84 bra BRA 85 ARG cle par

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus anacardana Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 4: 719 (1885)

= Amaranthus arardhanus Sweet; Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 569 (1839)

= Amaranthus aureus Besser; Cat. Jard. Bot. Krzemieniec: 8 (1816)

= Amaranthus berchtholdii Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 257 (1849)

= Amaranthus brasiliensis Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 266 (1849)

= Amaranthus carneus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 257 (1849)

= Amaranthus caudatus f. oblongotepalus Suess.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 71 (1951)

= Amaranthus caudatus var. pseudopaniculatus Suess.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 71 (1951)

= Amaranthus chlorostachys Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259 (1849), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus chlorostachys var. pusillus Moretti; Opiz, 406 (1826), nom. inval.

= Amaranthus chlorostachys Willd.; Hist. Amaranth.: 34 (1790)

= Amaranthus cruentus var. albus S.Das; Nordic J. Bot. 30(4): 418 (2012)

= Amaranthus cruentus var. paniculatus (L.) Thell.

= Amaranthus edouardi Sennen; Pl. Espagne 1928-1929: no. 6650 (1930)

= Amaranthus esculentus Besser ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 266 (1849)

= Amaranthus farinaceus Roxb. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 266 (1849)

= Amaranthus flavus L.; Syst. ed. X. 1269 (1759)

= Amaranthus flavus var. benhardii Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 258 (1849)

= Amaranthus flavus var. ovalifolius Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 258 (1849)

= Amaranthus frumentaceus Buch.-Ham.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 699 (1832)

= Amaranthus guadeloupensis Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3. 1: 866 (1895)

= Amaranthus guadelupensis Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 257 (1849)

= Amaranthus hybridus subsp. cruentus (L.) Thell.; Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 205 (1912)

= Amaranthus hybridus subsp. incurvatus (Timeroy ex Gren. & Godr.) Brenan; 268 (1961)

= Amaranthus hybridus subsp. paniculatus (L.) Hejný; Dostál, Kvetena CSR: 444 (1950)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. chlorostachys (Willd.) Thell.; 205 (1912)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. cruentus (L.) Moq.

= Amaranthus hybridus var. paniculatus (L.) Thell.; 205 (1912)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. paniculatus (L.) Uline & W.L.Bray; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 145 (1891)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. sanguineus (L.) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 175 (1918)

= Amaranthus hypochondriacus var. subdubius Suess.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 73 (1951)

= Amaranthus incarnatus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 257 (1849)

= Amaranthus incurvatus Trimen ex Gren.; Fl. France Prosp.: 8 (1846)

= Amaranthus montevidensis Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 257 (1849)

= Amaranthus paniculatus L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 1406 (1763)

= Amaranthus paniculatus var. cruentus (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 257 (1849)

= Amaranthus paniculatus var. monstrosus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 257 (1849)

= Amaranthus paniculatus var. purpurascens Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 257 (1849)

= Amaranthus paniculatus var. sanguineus (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 257 (1849)

= Amaranthus paniculatus var. speciosus L.H.Bailey; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 270 (1914)

= Amaranthus paniculatus var. strictus (Willd.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 257 (1849)

= Amaranthus patulus subsp. incurvatus (Timeroy ex Gren. & Godr.) Arcang.; 588 (1882)

= Amaranthus purgans Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 257 (1849)

= Amaranthus rubescens Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 257 (1849)

= Amaranthus sanguineus L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2.: 1407 (1763)

= Amaranthus sanguineus var. elatior C.Huber ex Nardy; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 46: 467 (1874)

= Amaranthus sanguinolentus Schrad. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 267 (1849)

= Amaranthus speciosus Sims; Bot. Mag. 48: t. 2227 (1821)

= Amaranthus spicatus Wirzén; Diss. Geogr. Pl.: 454 (1839), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus strictus Willd.; Hist. Amaranth.: 27 (1790)

= Amaranthus tristis var. leptostachys Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 260 (1849)

= Amaranthus violaceus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 270 (1849), nom. inval.

species :

Amaranthus cuspidifolius Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 78 (1921)

Distribution: Australia (N-Western Australia: Pilbara Region etc., S-Northern Territory, N-South Australia, SW-Queensland, W-New South Wales)

50 AUS

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

species :

Amaranthus deflexus L.; Mant. Pl.: 295 (1771)

Name: Large-fruit amaranth (EN); Liegender Amarant (DE); Bledo rastrero (ES)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; ?Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Andorra [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; +Monaco [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica [I]; Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Isole Pelagie [I] (Lampedusa [I]); Malta [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Montenegro [I]; North Macedonia [I]; Albania [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; European Turkey [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; E-European Russia [I]; Moldova [I]; Ukraine [I]; Crimea [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I], Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Sao Jorge [I], Pico [I], Faial [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I], Porto Santo Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Lanzarote [I], Fuerteventura [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I]); Chad [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Namibia [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Chalki [I]); Turkey [I] (NW-Anatolia [I]); Iran [I] (NE-Iran: Mts. [I], EC-Iran [I]); Lebanon [I] (C-Lebanon [I], coastal W-Lebanon [I]); South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Tennessee [I], Virginia [I]); Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz); Brazil [I]; Uruguay (Montevideo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chubut, Cordoba, Entre Rios, La Pampa, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, San Juan); Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Magallanes); Desventuradas Isl.; Juan Fdz. Isl.

11 aut cze ger hun slo swi 12 ado bal cis cor fra mco por sar spa 13 alb bih bul cro grc ita kri mlt mnt nma pel rom sic slv tue 14 kry mld rus ukr 20 alg lby mor tun 21 azo cny mdr 24 cha 26 zim 27 les nam saf 32 kaz tkm tzk uzb 33 aze geo 34 eai irn leb tur 38 jap kor 50 aus 51 nzl 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 81 trt 83 BOL PER 84 bra 85 ARG CLE DSV JNF URU

Remarks: Clade 1 (South American clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Albersia deflexa (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. L. Lyon ser. 17: 142 (1869)

= Albersia prostrata (Balb.) Kunth; Fl. Berol., ed. 2, 2: 144 (1838)

= Amarantellus argentinus Speg.; Comun. Mus. Nac. B. Aires 1: 344, pl. 7, figs. 1-5 (1901)

= Amaranthus deflexus f. rufescens (Godr.) Thell. & Probst; Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Solothurn 10: 93 (1934)

= Amaranthus deflexus var. rufescens (Godr.) Thell.; Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 214 (1912)

= Amaranthus minor (Moq.) Sennen; Diagn. Nouv.: 49 (1936)

= Amaranthus perennis Bellardi ex Colla; Herb. Pedem. 4: 578 (1835)

= Amaranthus prostratus Balb.; Misc. Bot. 44. t. 10 (1803)

= Amaranthus scandens L.f.; Suppl. Pl.: 419 (1782)

= Euxolus deflexus (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 42 (1837)

= Euxolus deflexus var. ascendens Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 275 (1849)

= Euxolus deflexus var. major Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 275 (1849)

= Euxolus deflexus var. minor Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 275 (1849)

= Euxolus deflexus var. rufescens Godr.; Fl. Juvenalis: 102 (1853)

= Galliaria prostrata (Balb.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 188 (1897)

= Glomeraria deflexa (L.) Cav.; Desc. 319 (1802)

species :

Amaranthus dinteri Schinz; Mem. Herb. Boiss. no. 29. 15 (1900)

subspecies :

subsp. dinteri

Distribution: Germany [I]; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., North-West Prov., Mpulamanga, Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)

11 ger 27 BOT NAM SAF

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

subspecies :

subsp. brevipetiolatus Brenan; J. S. African Bot. 47(3): 474 (1981)

Distribution: South Africa (Free State, N-Cape Prov.)

27 SAF

species :

Amaranthus dubius Mart.; Hort. Erlang. 197 (1814) ex Thell., Fl. Adv. Montpell. 203 (1912)

Name: Spleen amaranth; Southern pigweed (Bahamas), Bledo (Cuba), Bledo, Bledo blanco, Zepina, Zepino (Dominican Republic), Epinard, Epinard marron (Haiti), Spanish calalu (Jamaica), Epinard du pays, Spinach, Zepinna (Lesser Antilles), Bledo, Blero, Blero blanco (Puerto Rico); Zweifelhafter Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Ilha Brava [I]); Burkina Faso [I]; Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; São Tomé [I]; Annobon Isl. [I]; Central African Republic [I]; South Sudan [I]; Somalia [I]; Soqotra [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; South Africa [I]; St. Helena [I]; Madagascar [I]; Comores [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; Aldabra [I] (Aldabra Isl. [I], Asuncio Isl. [I], Astove Isl. [I], Providence Isl. [I], Farquhar Isl. [I]); Seychelles [I] (incl. Remire Isl. [I]); Oman [I]; Nepal [I]; India [I] (Karnataka [I], Odisha [I], Tamil Nadu [I]); Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [c]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [c]; Fiji [I]; Phoenix Isl. [I] (Kanton [I]); Gilbert Isl. [I] (Tarawa [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Tupai [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Toau [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Alamagan [I]); Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Ulithi [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Enewetok [I], Kwajalein [I], Majuro [I], Jaluit [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Lanai [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA (Florida, Massachusetts [I]); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Quintana Roo, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan); Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica [I]; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; St. Barthélémy; Saba; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Redonda; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Amazonas, Aragua, Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru [I]; Argentina (Argentina Distrito Federal)

11 ger 21 cvi 22 ben bkn 23 ann bio caf cmn sao 24 soc som ssu 26 moz zam zim 27 saf 28 sth 29 ald com mau mdg reu rod sey 35 oma 40 ban ind nep srl 42 jaw lsi nwg xms 50 aus 60 fij gil phx 61 sci tua 62 mic mrn mrs wak 63 haw 75 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 cos HON NIC PAN 81 ABA AGU ARU BAH BBD BON CAY CUB CUR DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR PUE SAB SBA STE STK STL STV trt VEN VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR SWC VEN 83 ECU GAL per 85 ARG

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade). Valid name (dubius or tortuosus) disputed.

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus dubius var. crassespicatus Suess.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 73 (1951)

= Amaranthus dubius var. flexuosus (Moq.) Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 266 (1914)

= Amaranthus dubius var. xanthostachys (Moq.) Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 266 (1914)

= Amaranthus hybridus f. acicularis Suess.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 4 (1950)

= Amaranthus incomptus Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol., Suppl.: 64 (1814), nomen

= Amaranthus spinosus f. inermis Lauterb. & K.Schum.; Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee: 305 (1900)

= Amaranthus tortuosus Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl.: 107 (1819)

= Amaranthus tricolor var. tristis (Willd.) Mehrotra, Aswal & B.S.Bisht; Companion to Chopra´s Gloss. Indian Medicin. Pl.: 9 (1987)

= Amaranthus tristis var. flexuosus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 260 (1849)

= Amaranthus tristis var. xanthostachys Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 260 (1849)

species :

Amaranthus emarginatus Salzm. ex Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 319 (1894)

subspecies :

subsp. emarginatus

Name: Kerb-Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; N-Greece [I]; Belarus [I]; Morocco [I]; St. Helena [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Lesvos [I]); China [I] (Hebei [I], Henan [I], Gansu [I], Ningxia [I], Shaanxi [I], Shanxi [I], Sichuan [I], Xinjiang [I]); India [I] (throughout); Bangladesh [I]; Canada [I] (Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], North Carolina [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I]); Mexico [I]; Chile [I] (Tarapacá [I], Antofagasta [I])

11 ger hun 12 fra por spa 13 grc ita 14 blr 20 mor 28 sth 34 eai 36 chi 40 ban ind 72 cdn 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 85 cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Albersia emarginata (A.Braun & C.D.Bouché) Asch. ex Hausskn.; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 8(Gen.): 121 (1890)

= Amaranthus acutilobus Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 19: 320 (1894)

= Amaranthus angustifolius proles polygonoides (Moq.) Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(1): 308 (1914)

= Amaranthus angustifolius subsp. polygonoides (Moq.) Maire & Weiller; Maire, Fl. Afrique N. 8: 208 (1962)

= Amaranthus ascendens subsp. polygonoides (Moq.) Thell. ex Priszter; Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 221 (1953)

= Amaranthus ascendens subvar. axillaris Thell.; 215 (1912)

= Amaranthus ascendens var. polygonoides (Moq.) Thell.; Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 215 (1912)

= Amaranthus ascendens var. polygonoides (Moq.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 262 (1935), isonym

= Amaranthus blitum subsp. emarginatus (Moq. ex Uline & W.L.Bray) Carretero, Muñoz Garm. & Pedrol; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 44(2): 599 (1987)

= Amaranthus blitum subsp. polygonoides (Moq.) Carretero; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 41(2): 276 (1984 publ. 1985)

= Amaranthus blitum subsp. polygonoides (Moq.) Probst; Wolladventivfl. Mitteleur.: 74 (1949), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus blitum var. emarginatus (Moq. ex Uline & W.L.Bray) Lambinon; Soc. Ech. Pl. Vasc. Eur. Bassin Médit. Bull. 24: 55 (1993)

= Amaranthus blitum var. polygonoides Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 263 (1849)

= Amaranthus emarginatus Salzm. ex Uline & Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 319 (1894)

= Amaranthus graecizans var. polygonoides (Moq.) Aellen; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2, 3(2): 501 (1959)

= Amaranthus lividus proles polygonoides (Moq.) Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 321 (1914)

= Amaranthus lividus subsp. polygonoides (Moq.) Probst; Wolladventivfl. Mitteleur.: 74 (1949)

= Amaranthus lividus var. polygonoides (Moq.) Thell.; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg 38: 215 (1912)

= Amaranthus polygonoides Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 274 (1849), nom. inval.

= Amaranthus polygonoides Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 721 (1832), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus roxburghianus H.W.Kung; T. N. Liou (ed.), Fl. Ill. Nord Chine 4: 19 (1935)

= Amaranthus thunbergii var. grandifolius Suess.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 73 (1951)

= Amaranthus ulinei Kov.; Nauch. Trud. Vissh Selskostop. Inst. Plovdiv 23(1): 49 (1978) (nom. nov.)

= Euxolus emarginatus A.Braun & Bouché; Index Sem. Hort. Berol. 13 (1851)

= Euxolus polygonoides (Moq.) Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 248 (1861)

= Euxolus polygonoides (Moq.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 35: (122( (1921), nom. illeg.

subspecies :

subsp. pseudogracilis (Thell.) Hügin; Willdenowia 16(2): 463 (1987)

Name: Hoher Kerb-Amarant (DE)

Distribution: C-Europe; Germany [I]; Slovakia; S-Europe; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Gabon [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I] (KwaZulu-Natal [I]); Afghanistan [I]; USA [I] (Florida [I], Missouri [I], Pennsylvania [I], Texas [I])

11 ger SLO 13 grc kri 23 gab 26 zam zim 27 saf 34 afg 75 usa 77 usa 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus blitum subsp. pseudogracilis (Thell.) N.Bayón; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 101(2): 312 (2015)

= Amaranthus blitum var. pseudogracilis (Thell.) Costea; Sida 19(4): 981 (2001), isonym

= Amaranthus blitum var. pseudogracilis (Thell.) Lambinon; Soc. Ech. Pl. Vasc. Eur. Bassin Médit. Bull. 24: 55 (1993)

= Amaranthus emarginatus var. pseudogracilis (Thell.) Iamonico; Pl. Biosystems 150(3): 523 (2014)

= Amaranthus lividus f. pseudogracilis Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 321 (1914)

= Amaranthus lividus subvar. pseudogracilis Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(1): 231 (1914)

= Amaranthus pseudogracilis (Thell.) G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 117 (2010)

species :

Amaranthus fimbriatus (Torr.) Benth.; S. Wats., Bot. California 2: 42 (1880)

Name: Fringed amaranth

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Colima, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Sinaloa, Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Clade 4 (Galapagos clade 2)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus fimbriatus var. denticulatus (Torr.) Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 270 (1891)

= Amaranthus venulosus S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 376 (1882)

= Amblogyna fimbriata (Torr.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 167, 168 (1861)

= Sarratia berlandieri var. denticulata Torr.; Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 179 (1859)

= Sarratia berlandieri var. fimbriata Torr.; W. H. Emory, Rep. U. S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 179 (1859)

species :

Amaranthus floridanus (S.Watson) Sauer; Madrono 13: 25 (1955)

Name: Florida amaranth

Distribution: USA (Florida)

78 USA

Remarks: Clade 7 (dioecious clade)

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Acnida floridana S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 376 (1881 publ. 1882)

species :

Amaranthus furcatus J.T.Howell; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. Ser. IV. 21: 94 (1933)

Distribution: Galapagos

83 GAL

Remarks: Clade 5 (Galapagos clade 3). Morphologically similar to A. sclerantoides

Conservation Status: IUCN R

species :

Amaranthus graecizans L.; Sp. Pl.: 990 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. graecizans

Name: Mediterranean amaranth (EN); Bledo (ES)

Distribution: Croatia; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (less common than subsp. silvestris); Crete; Crimea; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Kalimnos, Kos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Helmand, Kabul, KAP, Nangarhar, Qunduz, Takhar); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Pakistani Punjab, Murree, Lahore); India (throughout); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh

13 ALB BUL CRO GRC KRI NMA TUE 14 KRY 20 EGY LBY 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN TUR 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 40 BAN IND PAK SRL

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus angustifolius Lam.; Encycl. 1: 115 (1783) (nom. illeg.)

= Amaranthus angustifolius M.Bieb. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 4: 381 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus angustifolius subsp. aschersonianus Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(I): 309 (1914)

= Amaranthus angustifolius subsp. graecizans (L.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 8: 207 (1962), nom. inval.

= Amaranthus angustifolius subsp. graecizans (L.) Probst; Wolladventivfl. Mitteleur.: 74 (1949) (nom. inval.)

= Amaranthus angustifolius var. graecizans (L.) Thell.; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 5: 306 (1918), nom. inval.

= Amaranthus blitum var. angustifolius Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 263 (1849)

= Amaranthus blitum var. graecizans (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 263 (1849)

= Amaranthus graecizans subsp. aschersonianus (Thell.) Costea, D.M.Brenner & Tardif; Econ. Bot. 57(4): 646 (2003)

= Amaranthus graecizans var. angustifolius Lam. ex Asch.; Schweinf., 176 (1867), nom. inval.

= Amaranthus graecizans var. nanus (Moq.) Asch.; Schweinf., 176 (1867)

= Amaranthus graecizans var. pachytepalus Aellen; Rech.f. Fl. Iran 91: 12 (1972)

= Amaranthus hierichuntinus Vis.; Atti Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. Lett. Arti, ser. 3, 4: 139 (1858)

= Amaranthus pallidus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 399 (1808)

= Amaranthus paolii Chiov.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 34: 845 (1927)

= Amaranthus sylvestris Desf.; 44 (1804), nom. inval.

= Amaranthus viridis subsp. graecizans (L.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 621 (1881), nom. illeg.

= Blitum graecizans (L.) Moench; Methodus 359 (1794)

= Galliaria graecizans (L.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 278 (1914)

= Glomeraria graecizans (L.) Cav.; Elench. Pl. Hort. Matrit. 16 (1803)

= Pyxidium graecizans (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 263 (1849)

subspecies :

subsp. silvestris (Vill.) Brenan; Watsonia 4: 273 (1961)

Name: Wilder Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia; Hungary [I]; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania [I]; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. Kiklades, Sporades, Ionina Isl.); Crete; Estonia [I]; Crimea; Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Azores (Sao Miguel Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Gran Canaria, Tenerife); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Sal Isl., Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl., Ilha Brava); Mauritania; Senegal; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Cameroon; São Tomé; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; Madagascar; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Iles Éparses] [I] (Ile Europa [I], Juan de Nova Isl. [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Helmand, Kabul, Nangarhar, Qunduz, Takhar); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); Yemen (SW-Yemen, W-Yemen); Japan [I]; Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Pakistani Punjab, Murree, Lahore); India (throughout); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Wake Isl. [I]; USA [I] (New Jersey [I]); Mexico [I] (Durango [I], etc.)

11 aut cze ger hun pol SLO 12 ADO BAL cis COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL rom SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 est KRY 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 22 BEN BKN GHA MLI MTN NGR SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN SAO ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SOC SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT 29 mci MDG 32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN TUR 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 38 jap 40 BAN IND PAK SRL 50 aus 51 nzl 62 wak 75 usa 79 mex

Remarks: the dominant subspecies over much of the range, but the listed distribution might be too extensive.

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus angustifolius proles silvestris (Vill.) Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(1): 300 (1914)

= Amaranthus angustifolius subsp. silvestris (Vill.) Wacht.; Henkels, Geill. Schoolfl. Nederl. ed. 11: 170 (1934)

= Amaranthus angustifolius var. silvestris (Villiers) Thell.; Schinz & Keller, Fl. Schweiz, ed. 4: 222 (1923)

= Amaranthus aschersonianus (Thell.) Chiov.; Nuovo Giom Bot. Ital. ser. 2, 25. 103 (1919)

= Amaranthus blitum var. silvestris (Vill.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 263 (1849)

= Amaranthus graecizans subsp. silvestris (Vill.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; But. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., 38 Bot. 1: 89 (1974), isonym

= Amaranthus graecizans subsp. thellungianus (Nevski) Gusev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 462 (1972)

= Amaranthus graecizans var. silvestris (Vill.) Asch. & Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 176 (1867)

= Amaranthus parvulus Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(2, Anh.): 25 (1932)

= Amaranthus roxburghianus var. aschersonianus (Thell.) N.C.Nair; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 73(1): 61 (1976)

= Amaranthus silvestris Tourn. ex Vill.; Cat. Pl. Jard. Strasbourg: 111 (1807)

= Amaranthus silvestris var. giganteus Sennen & Gonzalo; Pl. Espagne 1928-1929: no. 6893 (1930)

= Amaranthus silvestris var. parviflorus Sennen & Gonzalo; Pl. Espagne 1928-1929: no. 6894 (1930)

= Amaranthus silvestris var. prostratus Jess.; 295 (1879)

= Amaranthus silvestris Vill.; Cat. Jard. Pl. Strasbourg: 111 (1807)

= Amaranthus tenuifolius Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 4: 381 (1805)

= Amaranthus thellungianus Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S. S. S. R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 311 (1937)

= Galliaria silvestris (Vill.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 186 (1897)

= Mengea tenuifolia (Willd.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 271 (1849)

= Pyxidium silvestre (Vill.) Montandon; Friche-Joset, Syn. Fl. Jura: 260 (1856)

species :

Amaranthus grandiflorus (J.M.Black) J.M.Black; Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. 60: 166, cum descr. ampl. (1936)

Distribution: Australia (S-Northern Territory, South Australia, SW-Queensland, W-New South Wales, NW-Victoria)

50 AUS

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus mitchellii var. grandiflorus J.M.Black; Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 47: 368 (1923)

species :

Amaranthus greggii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 274 (1877)

Name: Gregg´s amaranth

Distribution: USA (Louisiana, Texas); Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan)

77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Clade 7 (dioecious clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus annectens S.F.Blake; J. Bot. 53: 103 (1915)

= Amaranthus greggii var. muelleri Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 272 (1894)

= Amaranthus muelleri (Uline & W.L.Bray) Kov.; Nauch. Trud. Vissh Selskostop. Inst. Plovdiv 23(1): 50 (1978)

= Amaranthus myrianthus Standl.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 506 (1914)

species :

Amaranthus hunzikeri N.Bayón; Novon 17(3): 294 (2007)

Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca)

85 ARG

Remarks: clade unknown

species :

Amaranthus hybridus L.; Sp. Pl. 990 (1753) s. str.

Name: Ausgebreiteter Amarant (DE); Slim amaranth, Smooth amaranth, smooth pigweed, green amaranth, green pigweed, hybrid amaranth (EN)

Distribution: Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Andorra [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Montenegro [I]; North Macedonia [I]; Albania [I]; Greece [I] (widespread); Crete [I]; Estonia [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Moldova [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; Egypt [I]; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I], La Palma [I], Gomera [I], Tenerife [I], Lanzarote [I]); Gambia [I]; Guinea [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Cameroon [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; Gabon [I]; Central African Republic [I]; Chad [c]; Sudan [I] South Sudan [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; Namibia [I]; Botswana [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); Turkey [I]; Afghanistan [I]; China [I] (Anhui [I], Gansu [I], Henan [I], Hubei [I], Hunan [I], Jiangsu [I], Jiangxi [I], Shaanxi [I], Sichuan [I], Zhejiang [I]); South Korea [I]; Pakistan [I]; India [c]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; Fiji [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I]); Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec); USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Hispaniola; St. Kitts; Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, Nariño, Putumayo, Quindío, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Portuguesa, Tachira, Trujillo); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay); Uruguay (Montevideo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos); Juan Fdz. Isl.

11 bgm ger lie lux swi 12 ado cis por spa 13 alb bih cro grc kri mnt nma slv 14 blr est mld rus 20 alg egy lby mor tun 21 cny mdr 22 bkn gam gui 23 bio caf cmn gab 24 cha 26 moz zam zim 27 bot les nam saf swz 31 rfe 33 aze geo ncs 34 afg eai tur 36 chi 38 kor 40 ind pak 41 cbd lao tha 42 nwg 50 aus 51 nzl 60 fij 61 coo 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 COS HON NIC PAN 81 BAH CUB HIS STK 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE JNF PAR URU

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade). The species has often been falsely recorded because many other taxa (like A. retroflexus or A. viridis) have been included in A. hybridus s. l. Also, the listed synonymy is probably too extensive.

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus aureus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259 (1849)

= Amaranthus batalleri Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32: 111 (1932)

= Amaranthus bellardii Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259 (1849)

= Amaranthus catechu Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259 (1849)

= Amaranthus chlorostachys subvar. aristulatus (Thell.) Thell. ex Probst; Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Solothurn 6: 26 (1920)

= Amaranthus chlorostachys var. debilis Sennen; Pl. Espagne 1927-1928: no. 6322 (1829)

= Amaranthus chlorostachys var. hybridus (L.) S.Watson; A. Gray, Manual, ed. 6: 428 (1890)

= Amaranthus cruentus var. patulus (Bertol.) Lambinon; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 47: 247 (1977)

= Amaranthus eugenii Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32: 111 (1932)

= Amaranthus filicaulis Sennen; Pl. Espagne 1920-1921: no. 4028 (1922)

= Amaranthus flavescens Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259 (1849)

= Amaranthus hecticus Willd.; Hist. Amaranth.: 25 (1790)

= Amaranthus hybridus subvar. aciculatus (Thell.) Carretero; Collect. Bot. 11: 124 (1979)

= Amaranthus hybridus subvar. aristulatus Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(1): 240 (1914)

= Amaranthus hybridus subvar. multispiculatus (Sennen) Carretero; Collect. Bot. 11: 128 (1979)

= Amaranthus hybridus f. aciculatus Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(1): 238 (1914)

= Amaranthus hybridus subsp. patulus (Bertol.) Carretero; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 127 (1979)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. batalleri (Sennen) Carretero; Collect. Bot. 11: 129 (1979)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. bellardii Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259 (1849)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. chlorostachys (Willd.) Beck; Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 24: 175 (1908)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. densus Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 175 (1918)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. hecticus (Willd.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 260 (1849)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. laetus (Willd.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259 (1849)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. patulus (Bertol.) Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 321 (1898)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. patulus (Bertol.) Thell.; Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 206 (1912)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. prostratus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 260 (1849)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. rubricaulis Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259 (1849)

= Amaranthus hypochondriacus var. verticillatus Suess.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 104 (1952)

= Amaranthus incurvatus Timb.-Lagr. ex Gren. & Godr.; Prosp. Fl. Franç. 8

= Amaranthus intermedius Guss. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259 (1849)

= Amaranthus laetus Willd.; Hist. Amaranth.: 28 (1790)

= Amaranthus laxiflorus Comelli ex Pollini; Fl. Veron. 3: 114 (1824)

= Amaranthus neglectus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259 (1849)

= Amaranthus nepalensis Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259 (1849)

= Amaranthus paniculatus var. longespicatus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 257 (1849)

= Amaranthus paniculatus var. sanguineus Regel; Flora 32: 164 (1849)

= Amaranthus patulus Bertol.; Comment. Itinere Neapol.: 19 (1837)

= Amaranthus patulus f. multispiculatus (Sennen) Priszter; Kert. Szölész. Föisk. Évk. 2(2): 155 (1953)

= Amaranthus patulus var. multispiculatus Sennen; Pl. Espagne 1924-1925: no. 5044 (1926)

= Amaranthus retroflexus subsp. patulus (Bertol.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 265 (1894)

= Amaranthus retroflexus var. chlorostachys (Willd.) A.Gray; Manual, ed. 5: 412 (1867)

= Amaranthus retroflexus var. hybridus (L.) A.Gray; Manual, ed. 5: 412 (1867)

= Amaranthus rhodopaeus Kovacev; Sborn. Nauch. Trud. Udove 2D: 45 (1969)

= Amaranthus spicatus Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 585 (1832), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus timeroyi Jord. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259 (1849)

= Amaranthus trivialis Rota; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2(2): 287 (1846)

= Galliaria hybrida (L.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 278 (1914)

= Galliaria patula (Bertol.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 187 (1897)

species :

Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.; Sp. Pl.: 991 (1753)

Name: Trauer-Amarant (DE), Prince-of-Wales-feather (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Andorra [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Montenegro [I]; Albania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; European Turkey [I]; Greece [I] (incl. Kiklades [I]); Crete [I]; European Russia [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; ?Tunisia [I]; Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I], Nile Valley [I], NW-coastal Egypt [I]); Cameroon [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Lesvos [I], Ikaria [I], Samos [I]); Iran [I] (N-Iran [I]); Lebanon [I] (C-Lebanon [I], coastal W-Lebanon [I]); Syria [I] (NW-Syria [I], Jbel Druze [I]); Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I]); Sinai peninsula [I] (S-Sinai [I]); China [I] (Hebei [I], Nei Mongol [I], Sichuan [I], Xinjiang [I], Yunnan [I]); Pakistan [I]; Nepal [c]; Bhutan [I]; India [c]; Sri Lanka [I]; Laos [I]; Vanuatu [I]; USA (Arizona, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, Wisconsin); Mexico (Chihuahua, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)

11 ger slo 12 ado bal fra por sar spa 13 alb bul grc ita kri mnt sic tue 14 rus 20 alg egy mor 23 cmn 33 geo 34 eai irn isr leb sin syr 36 chi 40 bhu ind nep pak srl 41 lao 60 van 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade). Often confused with A. cruentus.

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus anardana Buch.-Ham. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 256 (1849)

= Amaranthus atrosanguineus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 266 (1849)

= Amaranthus bernhardii Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 258 (1849)

= Amaranthus chlorostachys convar. erythrostachys (Moq.) Aellen; Fl. Iran. 91: 5 (1972)

= Amaranthus frumentaceus Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 699 (1832)

= Amaranthus hybridus f. hypochondriacus (L.) H.Rob.; Rhodora 10: 66 (1908)

= Amaranthus hybridus subsp. hypochondriacus (L.) Thell.; Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 204 (1912)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. erythrostachys Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259 (1849)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. hypochondriacus (L.) H.Rob.; Rhodora 10: 32 (1908)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. leucocarpus (S.Watson) Hunz.; Revista Argent. Agron. 10: 340 (1943)

= Amaranthus hybridus Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 10: t. 28 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus hypochondriacus var. macrostachys Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 256 (1849)

= Amaranthus hypochondriacus var. monstrosus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 256 (1849)

= Amaranthus hypochondriacus var. racemosus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 256 (1849)

= Amaranthus hypochondriacus var. tortuosus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 256 (1849)

= Amaranthus leucocarpus S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 347 (1875)

= Amaranthus leucospermus S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 446 (1887), nom. superfl.

= Amaranthus macrostachyus Mérat ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 256 (1849)

= Amaranthus monstrosus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 256 (1849)

species :

Amaranthus induratus C.A.Gardner ex J.Palmer & Mowatt; Nuytsia 19(1): 117 (2009)

Distribution: Australia (N-Western Australia, Northern Territory: Tanami Desert)

50 AUS

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

species :

Amaranthus interruptus R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland 414 (1810)

Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] (Timor [I]); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.; Australia (N-Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland); Ashmore & Cartier Isl. (Ashmore Reef); New Caledonia; Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I])

42 lsi NWG 43 SOL 50 ASH AUS 60 NWC 61 sci

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus lancifolius Delile ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 276 (1849)

= Amaranthus lineatus R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 414 (1810)

= Amaranthus spathulatus Desf. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 276 (1849)

= Euxolus interruptus (R.Br.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 275 (1849)

= Euxolus lineatus (R.Br.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 278, 276 (1849)

species :

Amaranthus kloosianus Hunz.; Bol. Soc. Argentina. Bot. 4: 138 (1951)

Distribution: Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, La Rioja)

85 ARG

Remarks: Clade 1 (South American clade)

species :

Amaranthus lepturus S.F.Blake; J. Bot. 53: 104 (1915)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Guerrero, Sinaloa)

79 MEX

Remarks: clade unknown

species :

Amaranthus lombardoi Hunz.; Bol. Soc. Argentina. Bot. 4: 141 (1951)

Distribution: Uruguay (Canelones, San Jose)

85 URU

Remarks: clade unknown

species :

Amaranthus looseri Suess.; Lilloa 4: 128 (1939)

Distribution: Chile (Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago)

85 CLE

Remarks: Clade 1 (South American clade)

species :

Amaranthus macrocarpus Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 216 (1870)

subspecies :

subsp. macrocarpus

Name: Großfrüchtiger Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Australia (S- & E-Northern Territory, E-South Australia, C-Queensland, New South Wales [I], N-Victoria)

11 ger 50 AUS

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Euxolus macrocarpus (Benth.) F.Muell.; Census, 29 (1882)

= Amaranthus macrocarpus var. melanocarpus Thell.; Synops. Mitteleurop. Fl. 5(1): 311 (1914), nom. inval.

subspecies :

subsp. pallidus (Benth.) N.Bayón; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 101(2): 338 (2015)

Distribution: Australia (S-Queensland, N-New South Wales, SE-South Australia)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus macrocarpus var. pallidus Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 216 (1870)

species :

Amaranthus minimus Standl.; N. Am. Fl. 21: 119 (1917)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Remarks: clade unknown

Synonyms: hidden

= Goerziella minima (Standl.) Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 301 (1924)

species :

Amaranthus mitchellii Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 214 (1870)

Distribution: Belarus [I]; Australia (NE-Western Australia, Northern Territory, N-South Australia, C-Queensland, N-New South Wales)

14 blr 50 AUS

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus mitchellii var. strictifolius Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 78 (1921)

= Amaranthus undulatus Lindl.; Mitch., J. Exped. Trop. Australia: 102 (1848), nom. illeg.

= Euxolus mitchellii (Benth.) F.Muell.; Giles, Geogr. Trav. Centr. Austr. 214 (1875)

species :

Amaranthus muricatus (Gillies ex Moq.) Hieron.; Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. Republ. Argent. 4: 421 (1881)

Name: Muricate amaranth (EN); Stachliger Amarant (DE); Yerba meona (ES)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Sardinia [I]; Sicily [I]; Greece [I]; Morocco [I]; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Lanzarote [I], Fuerteventura [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I]); Mauritania [I]; South Africa [I] (Gauteng [I], Cape Prov. [I]); St. Helena [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Kalimnos [I]); Israel [I] (N-Israel [I]); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I]); Mexico [I]; Bolivia (Cochabamba, Potosí, Tarija); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Montevideo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman)

11 ger 12 bal fra gib por sar spa 13 grc sic 20 mor 21 cny mdr 22 mtn 27 saf 28 sth 34 eai isr 50 aus 78 usa 79 mex 83 BOL 85 ARG PAR URU

Remarks: Clade 1 (South American clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Euxolus muricatus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 2: 276 (1849)

species :

Amaranthus neei D.B.Pratt, Sánch.Pino & Flores Olv.; Phytotaxa 291(3): 202 (2017)

Distribution: Mexico (Puebla, Chiapas, México Distrito Federal, Hidalgo, Mexico State, Michoacan, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Remarks: clade unknown

species :

Amaranthus obcordatus (A.Gray) Standl.; N. Am. Fl. 21: 107 (1917)

Name: Trans-Pecos amaranth

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: clade unknown

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus urceolatus var. jonesii Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 269 (1894)

= Amaranthus jonesii (Uline & W.L.Bray) Kov.; Nauch. Trud. Vissh Selskostop. Inst. Plovdiv 23(1): 49 (1978)

= Amblogyna urceolata var. obcordata A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 168 (1861)

species :

Amaranthus palmeri S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 274 (1877)

Name: Carelessweed (EN), Palmer-Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; France [I]; Greece [I] (rare); Crete [I] (rare); Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Egypt [I] (Nile Valley [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I], N-Israel [I]); Sinai peninsula [I] (N-Sinai [I]); South Korea [I]; India [I] (Rajasthan [I]); Canada (Ontario); USA (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Revillagigedos Isl. [I] (Isla Socorro [I]); Cuba; Dominican Republic

11 ger 12 fra 13 grc kri 14 blr rus 20 egy 21 mdr 31 rfe 34 isr sin 38 kor 40 ind 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX rgi 81 CUB HIS

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus palmeri var. glomeratus Uline & W.L.Bray; 272 (1894)

species :

Amaranthus paraganensis Saubhik Das; Novon 23(4): 406 (2015)

Distribution: India (West Bengal)

40 IND

Remarks: clade unknown, provisionally accepted name

species :

Amaranthus pedersenianus N.Bayón & C.Peláez; Novon 22(2): 133, fig. 1 (2012)

Distribution: Argentina (Salta)

85 ARG

Remarks: clade unknown

species :

Amaranthus persimilis Hunz.; Bol. Soc. Argentina. Bot. 4: 133 (1951)

Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Mendoza, San Juan)

85 ARG

Remarks: Clade 1 (South American clade)

species :

Amaranthus peruvianus (Schauer) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(2): 487 (1937)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba); Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman)

83 BOL PER 85 ARG

Remarks: clade unknown

Synonyms: hidden

= Mengea peruviana Schauer; Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19: Suppl. 1: 406 (1843)

species :

Amaranthus polygonoides L.; Pl. Jamaic. Pug.: 27 (1759)

Name: Tropical amaranth; Knotweed amaranth (Bahamas), Bella Maria, Bledo de clavo, Sanguinaria (Cuba), Bledo (Dominican Republic)

Distribution: Italy [I]; Egypt [I]; China [I] (Anhui [I], Shandong [I]); S-India [I] (Maharashtra [I]); Bangladesh [I]; Society Isl. [I] (Mehetia [I], Tahiti [I]); USA (Florida, South Carolina, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Belize; Honduras; Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda); Antigua; Guadeloupe; Barbados; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Aruba; Curacao

13 ita 20 egy 36 chi 40 ban ind 61 sci 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ HON 81 ABA ARU BAH BBD CUB CUR GDL HIS JAM trt VIR

Remarks: Clade 3 (Galapagos clade 1)

Synonyms: hidden

= Albersia polygonoides (L.) Kunth; Fl. Berol., ed. 2, 2: 144 (1838)

= Amaranthus berlandieri (Moq.) Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 268 (1894)

= Amaranthus polygonoides subsp. berlandieri (Moq.) Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(1): 352 (1914)

= Amaranthus polygonoides var. berlandieri (Moq.) Iamonico; Acta Bot. Mex. 127(e1687): 9 (2020)

= Amaranthus taishanensis F.Z.Li & C.K.Ni; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(1): 116 (1981)

= Amaranthus verticillatus Pav. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 270 (1849), nom. inval.

= Amblogyna polygonoides (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 42 (1837)

= Euxolus polygonoides (L.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 35: p. (122) (1921)

= Glomeraria polygonoides (L.) Cav.; Elench. Pl. Hort. Matrit. 17 (1803)

= Roemeria polygonoides (L.) Moench; Methodus 341 (1794)

= Sarratia berlandieri Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 268 (1849)

= Sarratia polygonoides (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 270 (1849)

species :

Amaranthus powellii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 347 (1875)

Name: Powell´s amaranth, green amaranth, Powell´s smooth amaranth (EN), Powell-Amarant, Grünähriger Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Croatia [I]; Albania [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Belarus [I]; Moldova [I]; Ukraine [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; ?Tunisia [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Karpathos [I]); Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan); USA (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora, Zacatecas); Ecuador [I]; Bolivia [I]; Argentina [I] (Salta [I], San Juan [I])

11 bgm cze ger hun lux slo swi 12 fra por spa 13 alb cro grc kri 14 blr mld ukr 20 alg mor 33 geo 34 eai 50 aus 51 nzl 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 83 bol ecu 85 arg

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus bracteosus Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 314 (1894)

= Amaranthus chlorostachys subvar. aristulatus Thell.; Probst, 26 (1920)

= Amaranthus chlorostachys var. powellii (S.Watson) Priszter; Agrártud. Egyet. Kert- Szölögazdaságtud. Karának Évk. 2: 144 (1953)

= Amaranthus chlorostachys var. pseudoretroflexus Thell.; Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Solothurn 6: 26 (1920)

= Amaranthus hybridus f. pseudoretroflexus (Thell.) Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 239 (1914)

= Amaranthus hybridus subsp. powellii (S.Watson) Karlsson; Nordic J. Bot. 20(5): 519 (2000 publ. 2001)

= Amaranthus hybridus subvar. pseudoretroflexus (Thell.) Thell.; Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 83: 728 (1919)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. pseudoretroflexus (Thell.) Carretero; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 11: 125 (1979)

= Amaranthus hypochondriacus var. powellii (S.Watson) Pedersen; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Rep. Arg. 2 (Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74): 1245 (1999)

= Amaranthus obovatus S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 275 (1877)

= Amaranthus pseudoretroflexus (Thell.) Almq.; Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 1: 538 (1929)

= Amaranthus retroflexus var. powellii (S.Watson) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 641 (1966)

= Amaranthus retroflexus var. pseudoretroflexus (Thell.) B.Boivin; Phytologia 17: 70 (1968)

species :

Amaranthus praetermissus Brenan; J. S. African Bot. 47(3): 478 (1981)

Distribution: SW-Angola; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, Free State, N-Cape Prov.)

26 ANG ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

species :

Amaranthus pumilus Raf.; Med. Repos. New York 5: 360 (1808)

Name: Seaside amaranth

Distribution: USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia)

75 USA 78 USA

Remarks: Clade 7 (dioecious clade)

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Euxolus pumilus (Raf.) Chapm.; Fl. S. U. St. 381 (1860)

species :

Amaranthus quitensis Kunth; Humb. & al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2, ed. folio: 156; ed. 4: 194 (1818)

Name: Quito-Amarant (DE); Mucronate Amaranth (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I], Sao Miguel Isl. [I]); East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); Ecuador; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Brazil; Paraguay; Uruguay; Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa Prov., Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe Prov., San Juan, Tucuman)

11 ger 13 grc kri 21 azo 34 eai 50 aus 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade), possibly the wild form of A. caudatus. Often taxonomically not recognized, probably more widespread in Europe

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus artineanus Muschl.; Man. Fl. Egypt 1: 311 (1912)

= Amaranthus hybridus subsp. quitensis (Kunth) Costea & Carretero; Sida 19(4): 955 (2001)

= Amaranthus hybridus var. quitensis (Kunth) Covas; Darwiniana 5: 336 (1941)

= Amaranthus quitensis f. rufescens Thell.; Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 204 (1912)

= Amaranthus quitensis var. stuckertianus Thell.in Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Asch. & Graebn.]. 5, Abt. 1: 355 (1914)

= Amaranthus retroflexus subsp. quitensis (Kunth) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38: 89 (1974)

species :

Amaranthus rajasekharii Sindu Arya, V.S.A.Kumar, W.K.Vishnu & Iamonico; Phytotaxa 433(2): 154 (2020)

Distribution: India (Kerala)

40 IND

Remarks: clade unknown

species :

Amaranthus retroflexus L.; Sp. Pl.: 991 (1753)

Name: Redroot amaranth (EN); Zurückgebogener Amarant (DE)

Distribution: England [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Andorra [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica [I]; Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Malta [I]; San Marino [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Montenegro [I]; Serbia; Kosovo [I]; North Macedonia [I]; Albania [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; European Turkey; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; Moldova [I]; Ukraine [I]; Crimea [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; Egypt (Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores [I] (Terceira [I], Pico [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], Hierro [I], Lanzarote [I]); Mauritania [I]; Gambia [I]; Chad [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I] (KwaZulu-Natal [I]); Siberia [I] (Altai [I], Irkutsk [I], Krasnoyarsk [I], Tuva [I], W-Siberia [I], Yakutia [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Armenia [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (widespread, incl. Rhodos [I]); Iraq [I] (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia [I]); Iran [I] (EC-Iran [I], NE-Iran: Mts. [I], N-Iran [I], Iranian Aserbaijan [I], W-Iran [I]); Afghanistan [I]; Cyprus (C-Mountains [I], N-Cyprus); Lebanon [I] (Antilebanon [I], C-Lebanon [I], coastal W-Lebanon [I]); Syria [I] (C-Syrian Desert [I], Jbel Druze [I], W-Syrian Mountains [I]); Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I], Rift Valley [I], N-Israel [I]); Sinai peninsula [I] (N-Sinai [I], S-Sinai [I]); Jordania [I] (S-Jordania [I]); Saudi Arabia [I] (Asir [I]); Yemen (W-Yemen [I]); China [I] (Anhui [I], Gansu [I], Hebei [I], Heilongjiang [I], Henan [I], Jilin [I], Liaoning [I], Nei Mongol [I], Ningxia [I], Shaanxi [I], Shandong [I], Shanxi [I], Xinjiang [I]); Mongolia [I]; South Korea [I]Turkey [I] (E-Anatolia [I], Inner Anatolia [I], N-Anatolia [I], NW-Anatolia: Bithynia [I], SSW-Anatolia [I]); Japan [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Pakistan [I]; India [I] (Jammu & Kashmir [I], Maharashtra [I]); Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; Cocos [Keeling] Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, N. W. T., Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan); St. Pierre and Miquelon; USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Jalisco, Mexico State, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Paraguay [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I] (Chaco [I], Cordoba [I], La Pampa [I]); Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I])

10 grb 11 aut bgm cze ger hun lie lux net pol slo swi 12 ado bal cis cor fra gib por sar spa 13 alb bih bul cro grc ita kos kri mlt mnt nma rom sic slv sma SRB TUE 14 blr est kry lat lit mld ukr 20 alg EGY lby mor tun 21 azo cny mdr 22 gam mtn 24 cha 26 zim 27 saf 30 sib 31 rfe 32 kaz kgz tkm tzk uzb 33 arm aze geo ncs 34 afg CYP eai irn irq isr jor leb sin syr 35 sau YEM 36 chi 37 mon 38 jap nns 40 ind pak 41 cbd lao vie 42 cki 50 aus 51 nzl 63 haw 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 81 trt 83 bol 84 bra 85 arg cle par uru

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade). Some synonyms listed under A. hybridus might belong here.

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus bulgaricus Kov.

= Amaranthus bullatus Besser ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 1: 928 (1824)

= Amaranthus chlorostachys Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 275 (1862), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus curvifolius Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 1: 928 (1824)

= Amaranthus delilei J.A.Richt. & Loret; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 13: 316 (1866)

= Amaranthus dubius E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 5: 141 (1901), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus johnstonii Kov.; Nauchni Trudove Selskost. Inst. "Vasil Kolarov" 23: 50 (1978)

= Amaranthus patulus subsp. delilei (Richt. & Loret) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 621 (1881)

= Amaranthus recurvatus Desf.; Numer. List [Wallich] Hort. Par. ed. III. 39 (1829)

= Amaranthus retroflexus f. rubricaulis Thell. ex Probst; Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Solothurn 6: 26 (1920)

= Amaranthus retroflexus subsp. delilei (Richt. & Loret) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 183 (2000)

= Amaranthus retroflexus var. delilei (Richt. & Loret) Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 52: 442 (1907)

= Amaranthus retroflexus var. major Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 258 (1849)

= Amaranthus retroflexus var. rubricaulis Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(1): 260 (1914)

= Amaranthus retroflexus var. salicifolius I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 157 (1944)

= Amaranthus rigidus Schult. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 70 (1840)

= Amaranthus spicatus Lam.; Fl. Franç. 2: 192 (1779), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus strictus Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol.: 128 (1831), nomen

= Amaranthus texidoris Sennen & Gonzalo; Pl. Espagne 1925-1926: no. 5539 (1927)

= Amaranthus tremolsii Sennen; Pl. Espagne 1928-1929: no. 6889 (1930)

= Amaranthus ×wilczekii Sennen & Gonzalo; Pl. Espagne 1928-1929: no. 6890 (1936)

= Galliaria retroflexa (L.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 278 (1914)

= Galliaria scabra Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 187 (1897)

= Pyxidium retroflexum (L.) Montandon; Syn. Fl. Jura Sept. 261 (1856)

species :

Amaranthus rhombeus R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland 414 (1810)

Distribution: Australia (N-Northern Territory, NE-Queensland)

50 AUS

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Euxolus rhombeus (R.Br.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 275 (1849)

species :

Amaranthus rosengurtii Hunz.; Kurtziana 3: 201 (1966)

Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Uruguay (Artigas, Flores Prov., Florida Prov., Lavalleja); Argentina (Entre Rios)

84 BRA 85 ARG URU

Remarks: clade unknown

species :

Amaranthus saradhiana Sindu Arya, V.S.A.Kumar, W.K.Vishnu & Rajesh Kumar; Phytotaxa 403(3): 236 (2019)

Distribution: India (Kerala)

40 IND

Remarks: clade unknown; provisionally accepted name

species :

Amaranthus scariosus Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulph. 158. t. 51 (1844)

Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica

79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus floridus Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulph. 158. t. 51 (1844)

= Amblogyna scariosa (Benth.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 169 (1861)

= Sarratia scariosa (Benth.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 269 (1849)

species :

Amaranthus schinzianus Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Nat. Ges. Zürich 57: 535 (1912)

Distribution: Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)

27 BOT NAM SAF

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

species :

Amaranthus sclerantoides (Andersson) Andersson; Freg. Eugenies Resa, Bot. 59 (1857)

Distribution: Galapagos

83 GAL

Remarks: Clade 5 (Galapagos clade 3)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus rugulosus (J.T.Howell) Kov.; Nauchni Trudove Selskost. Inst. "Vasil Kolarov" 23: 52 (1978)

= Amaranthus scleranthoides f. abingdonensis A.Stewart; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 1: 54 (1911)

= Amaranthus scleranthoides f. albemarlensis A.Stewart; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 1: 55 (1911)

= Amaranthus scleranthoides f. chathamensis B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., ser. 3, 50: 140 (1895)

= Amaranthus scleranthoides f. hoodensis B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., ser. 3, 50: 140 (1895)

= Amaranthus scleranthoides f. rugulosus J.T.Howell; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 21: 94 (1933)

= Euxolus scleranthoides Andersson; Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1853: 163 (1855)

species :

Amaranthus scleropoides Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 316 (1894)

Name: Bonebract amaranth, bonebract pigweed

Distribution: USA (Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Tamaulipas)

74 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Clade 5 (Galapagos clade 3)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus blitoides f. scleropoides (Uline & W.L.Bray) Thell. ex Probst; Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Solothurn 8(20): 59 (1928)

= Amaranthus blitoides var. scleropoides (Uline & W.L.Bray) Thell.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Asch. & Graebn.]. 5(1): 293 (1914)

species :

Amaranthus shengkuangensis S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 4: 57 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Amaranthus sonoriensis Iamonico & El Mokni; Bothalia 47(1)-a2100: 3 (2017), nom. nov.

Distribution: Mexico (Sonora)

79 MEX

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus powellii var. glomeratus Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 272 (1894)

species :

Amaranthus sparganiocephalus Thell.; Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 312 (1914)

Distribution: Niger; Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Soqotra; Kenya; Tanzania; Oman; Yemen (SW-Yemen, Aden Desert)

22 NGR 24 ETH SOC SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN 35 OMA YEM

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

species :

Amaranthus spinosus L.; Sp. Pl.: 991 (1753)

Name: Spiny amaranth; Bledo, Bledo espinoso (Cuba), Bledo, Bledo espinoso (Dominican Republic), Epinard piquard, Epinard sauvage, Zepina piquant, Zepinard piquant (Haiti), Zepinna wouj (Lesser Antilles), Blero espinoso (Puerto Rico), Dorniger Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Croatia [I]; North Macedonia [I]; Albania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Greece [I]; Estonia [I]; European Russia [I]; Moldova [I]; Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Sao Vicente Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Ilha da Boa Vista [I], Ilha de Maio [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I], Ilha Brava [I]); Senegal [I]; Gambia [I]; Guinea-Bissau [I]; Guinea [I]; Sierra Leone [I]; Liberia [I]; Mali [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Ivory Coast [I]; Ghana [I]; Togo [I]; Benin [I]; Niger [I]; Nigeria [I]; Cameroon [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; Principe Isl. [I]; São Tomé [I]; Annobon Isl. [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Central African Republic [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I]; Chad [I]; Sudan [I]; South Sudan [I]; Eritrea [I]; Uganda [I]; Kenya [I]; Tanzania [I]; Angola [I]; Zambia [I]; Malawi [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; Namibia [I]; Botswana [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Iles Glorieuses [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Afghanistan [I]; Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I]); Saudi Arabia [I] (Hejaz [I], Asir [I]); United Arab Emirates [I]; Yemen [I] (Aden Desert [I], coastal Hadhramaut [I], Tihama [I], W-Yemen [I]); China [I] (Anhui [I], Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Guizhou [I], Henan [I], Hubei [I], Hunan [I], Jiangsu [I], Jiangxi [I], Shaanxi [I], Sichuan [I], Yunnan [I], Zhejiang [I]); South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Volcano Isl [I] (Iwojima [I]); Taiwan [I]; Nepal [I]; Bhutan [I]; India [I] (throughout); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Maldives [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Sumatra [I]; Borneo [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Moluccas [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea [I]; Solomon Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Fiji [I]; [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I]); Palau [I] (Angaur [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Agrihan [I], Pagan [I], Saipan [I], Tinian [I], Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Kwajalein [I]); Hawaii [I] (Kure Isl. [I], Midway Isl. [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Canada (Manitoba, Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; Saba; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Barbuda; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindío, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Tachira, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Acre); SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Central, Concepcion); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Jujuy, La Pampa, Misiones, Salta)

11 ger 12 fra 13 alb bul cro grc ita nma 14 est mld rus 20 egy 21 cvi mdr 22 ben bkn gam gha gnb gui ivo lbr mli nga ngr sen sie tog 23 ann bio caf cmn con pri sao zai 24 cha eri ssu sud 25 ken tan uga 26 ang mlw moz zam zim 27 bot nam saf swz 29 igl mau mdg reu 31 rfe 33 geo 34 afg isr 35 sau uae yem 36 chi 38 jap kor nns tai 40 ban bhu ind ldv mdv nep srl 41 and cbd lao mya ncb tha vie 42 bor jaw lsi mly mol nwg phi sul sum xms 43 sol 50 aus 51 nzl 60 fij sam van 62 gum mic mrn mrs plu 63 haw 71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS HON NIC PAN 81 ABA BAH BBD CAY CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SAB SBA STE STK STL STM STV TCI TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus caracasanus Kunth; Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 195 (1817)

= Amaranthus coracanus Mart.; Pl. Hort. Erlang.: 197 (1814)

= Amaranthus diacanthus Raf.; Fl. Ludov.: 31 (1817)

= Amaranthus spinosus var. basiscissus Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 269 (1914)

= Amaranthus spinosus var. circumscissus Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 269 (1914)

= Amaranthus spinosus var. indehiscens Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 269 (1914)

= Amaranthus spinosus var. purpurascens Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 260 (1849)

= Amaranthus spinosus var. pygmaeus Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Alt. 1: 83 (1844)

= Amaranthus spinosus var. rubricaulis Hassk.; Flora 25(2, Beibl. 1): 20 (1842)

= Amaranthus spinosus var. viridicaulis Hassk.; Flora 25(2, Beibl. 1): 20 (1842)

= Galliaria spinosa (L.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 278 (1914)

species :

Amaranthus squamulatus (Andersson) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 22 (1907)

Distribution: Ecuador; Galapagos

83 ECU GAL

Remarks: Clade 4 (Galapagos clade 2)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus squarrulosus (A.Gray) Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 270 (1894)

= Amblogyna squarrulosa A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 169 (1861)

= Scleropus squamulatus Andersson; Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1853 162 (1855)

species :

Amaranthus standleyanus Parodi ex Covas; Darwiniana 5: 339 (1941)

Name: Standley-Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Hungary [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Morocco [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; Ascension Isl. [I]; Namibia [I]; South Africa [I] (Free State [I]); Turkey [I]; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay); Uruguay (Montevideo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Rio Negro, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman)

11 aut ger hun swi 12 fra 13 ita 20 lby mor tun 27 nam saf 28 asc 34 tur 83 BOL 85 ARG PAR URU

Remarks: Clade 1 (South American clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus parodii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 240 (1937), non Thell.

= Amaranthus vulgatissimus f. chacoensis Thell.

= Amaranthus vulgatissimus var. sublanceolatus Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(1): 345 (1914)

species :

Amaranthus tamaulipensis Henrickson; Sida 18(3): 800 (1999)

Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas)

77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Clade 3 (Galapagos clade 1)

species :

Amaranthus thunbergii Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 262 (1849)

Name: Thunberg-Amaranth (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; S-Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; St. Helena; USA [I] (South Carolina [I])

11 ger 24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ 28 STH 78 usa

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus albus Thunb.; Fl. Cap. [Thunberg] ed. 2: 1: 215 (1823) non L.

species :

Amaranthus torreyi (A.Gray) Benth. ex S.Watson; S. Wats., Bot. California 2: 42 (1880)

Name: Torrey´s amaranth, Bigelow´s amaranth

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Clade 3 (Galapagos clade 1)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus bigelowii Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 271 (1894)

= Amaranthus bigelowii var. emarginatus (Torr.) Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 271 (1894)

= Amaranthus chihuahuensis S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 436 (1886)

= Amaranthus pringlei S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 476 (1887)

= Amblogyna torreyi A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 167, 169 (1861)

= Sarratia berlandieri var. emarginata Torr.; Rep. U. S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 179 (1858)

species :

Amaranthus tricolor L.; Sp. Pl.: 989 (1753)

Name: Bledo morisco (ES), Joseph´s coat (EN), Dreifarben-Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Italy [I]; European Turkey [I]; Morocco [c]; Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I], Nile Valley [I], NW-coastal Egypt [I]); Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; Central African Republic [I]; Sudan [I]; Angola [I]; Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; Agalega Isl. [I]; Kazakhstan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Saudi Arabia [I]; Yemen [I] (Aden Desert [I], Inner Hadhramaut [I], SW-Yemen [I]); China [I] (Anhui [I], Beijing [I], Fujian [I], Gansu [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Guizhou [I], Hainan [I], Hebei [I], Heilongjiang [I], Henan [I], Hongkong [I], Hubei [I], Hunan [I], Jiangsu [I], Jiangxi [I], Jilin [I], Liaoning [I], Macao [I], Nei Mongol [I], Ningxia [I], Qinghai [I], Shaanxi [I], Shandong [I], Shanghai [I], Shanxi [I], Sichuan [I], Tianjin [I], Xinjiang [I], Yunnan [I], Zhejiang [I]); Tibet [I]; South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Lahore); Nepal; India (throughout, incl. Jammu & Kashmir); Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; South China Sea Isl. [I]; Sumatra; South China Sea Isl. [I]; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I]); Vanuatu [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I]); Guam [I]; USA [I] (Louisiana [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I]); Honduras [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Colombia [I]; Surinam [I]; French Guiana [I]

11 ger 13 ita tue 20 egy mor 22 ben 23 caf cmn 24 sud 26 ang 29 aga mau mdg 32 kaz uzb 35 sau yem 36 chi tib 38 jap kor nns tai 40 BAN IND MDV NEP PAK SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MOL NWG PHI scs SUL SUM xms 43 SOL 50 aus 60 fij nue rot van 61 sci 62 gum 75 usa 78 usa 80 hon 81 cay cub his pue 82 clm frg sur

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Albersia polygama Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4: 991 (1879)

= Amaranthus amboinicus Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6987 (1832), nomen

= Amaranthus bicolor Nocca ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 4: 384 (1805)

= Amaranthus cuspidatus Vis.; Cat. Hort. Patav.: s.p. (1841)

= Amaranthus flexuosus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 260 (1849)

= Amaranthus gangeticus f. splendens Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3. 1: 868 (1895)

= Amaranthus gangeticus L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1268 (1759)

= Amaranthus gangeticus var. angustifolius Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 261 (1849)

= Amaranthus gangeticus var. angustior L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 1: 21 (1920)

= Amaranthus gangeticus var. linearis (Guillaumin) Guillaumin; Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon. Marseille, sér. 6, 5-6: 21 (1948)

= Amaranthus gangeticus var. obovatus (Moq.) Guillaumin; Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon. Marseille, sér. 6, 5-6: 21 (1948)

= Amaranthus gangeticus var. oleraceus (Roxb.) Haines; Bot. Bihar Odisha pt. 5: 763 (1924)

= Amaranthus gangeticus var. parvifolius Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 261 (1849)

= Amaranthus gangeticus var. rotundifolius Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 261 (1849)

= Amaranthus gangeticus var. tristis Prain; Bengal pl. 870 (1903)

= Amaranthus henderi Hurst; Gard. Chron., n.s. 2: 738 (1874)

= Amaranthus inamoenus Willd.; Hist. Amaranth.: 14 (1790)

= Amaranthus japonicus Houtt. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 36 (1821)

= Amaranthus japonicus Houtt. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 4: 386 (1805)

= Amaranthus lanceolatus Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 607 (1832)

= Amaranthus lancifolius Roxb.; Hort. Bengal: 67 (1814)

= Amaranthus lividus Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 605 (1832), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus mangostanus L.; Cent. 1: 32 (1755)

= Amaranthus mangostanus var. major Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 262 (1849)

= Amaranthus mangostanus var. parvifolius Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 262 (1849)

= Amaranthus melancholicus L.; Sp. Pl.: 989 (1753)

= Amaranthus melancholicus var. linearis Guillaumin; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 274 (1919 publ. 1920)

= Amaranthus melancholicus var. obovatus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 262 (1849)

= Amaranthus melancholicus var. parvifolius Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 262 (1849)

= Amaranthus melancholicus var. tricolor (L.) Lam. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 262 (1849)

= Amaranthus mucronatus Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 4: 720 (1885)

= Amaranthus oleraceus Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 605 (1832), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus polygamus L.; Cent. Pl. I. 32 (1755)

= Amaranthus polygamus Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 607 (1832), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus rotundifolius Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 261 (1849)

= Amaranthus roxburghianus var. angustifolius (Moq.) N.C.Nair; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 73: 61 (1976)

= Amaranthus salicifolius H.J.Veitch; Gard. Chron. 1871: 1550 (1871)

= Amaranthus tricolor subsp. mangostanus (L.) Aellen; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. ed. 2, 3: 495 (1959)

= Amaranthus tricolor subsp. tristis (L.) Aellen; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. ed. 2, 3: 495 (1959)

= Amaranthus tricolor var. acutus Saubhik Das; Phytotaxa 88: 27 (2013)

= Amaranthus tricolor var. bicolor Rob.; Subtrop. Gard.: 56 (1871)

= Amaranthus tricolor var. bicolor-ruber Rob.; Subtrop. Gard.: 56 (1871)

= Amaranthus tricolor var. elegantissimus Rob.; Subtrop. Gard.: 57 (1871)

= Amaranthus tricolor var. gangeticus (L.) Fiori; Fiori et al., Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 322 (1898)

= Amaranthus tricolor var. mangostanus (L.) Aellen; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2, 3(2): 495 (1959)

= Amaranthus tricolor var. melancholicus (L.) Lam.; Encycl. 1: 115 (1783)

= Amaranthus tricolor var. melancholicus (L.) Thell.; 209 (1912), isonym

= Amaranthus tricolor var. polygamus (L.) Aellen; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2, 3(2): 495 (1959)

= Amaranthus tricolor var. ruber Rob.; Subtrop. Gard.: 57 (1871)

= Amaranthus tricolor var. tristis (L.) Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(1): 267 (1914)

= Amaranthus tristis L.; Sp. Pl.: 989 (1753)

= Amaranthus tristis var. wightii Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 260 (1849)

= Amaranthus versicolor Verschaff. ex Regel; Gartenflora 14: 251 (1865)

= Blitum gangeticum (L.) Moench; Methodus 359 (1794)

= Blitum melancholicum (L.) Moench; Methodus 359 (1794)

= Euxolus polygamus (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 272 (1849)

= Glomeraria bicolor Cav. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 262 (1849)

= Glomeraria tricolor (L.) Cav.; Elench. Pl. Hort. Matrit. 16 (1803)

= Pyxidium gangeticum (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 261 (1849)

= Pyxidium melancholicum (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 262 (1849)

species :

Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D.Sauer; Madroño 13: 18 (1955)

Name: Rough-fruited water-hemp, tall water-hemp, rough-fruit amaranth (EN), Wasserhanf (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; European Russia [I]; Israel [I] (Rift Valley [I]); Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Canada (Manitoba, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Washington State, West Virginia, Wisconsin)

11 ger 14 rus 34 isr 38 nns 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Remarks: Clade 7 (dioecious clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Acnida altissima Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 277 (1849), nom. inval.

= Acnida altissima var. prostrata (Uline & W.L.Bray) Fernald; Rhodora 43: 288 (1941)

= Acnida altissima var. subnuda (S.Watson ex A.Gray) Fernald; Rhodora 43: 288 (1941)

= Acnida cannabina var. concatenata Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 278 (1849)

= Acnida concatenata (Moq.) Small; Fl. S. E. U. S. [Small]. 393 (1903)

= Acnida subnuda (S.Watson) Standl.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 21: 122 (1917)

= Acnida tuberculata Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 2: 277 (1849)

= Acnida tuberculata var. prostrata (Uline & W.L.Bray) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 308 (1916)

= Acnida tuberculata var. subnuda S.Watson; A. Gray, Manual, ed. 2: 370 (1856)

= Acnida ×tamariscina var. concatenata (Moq.) Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 20: 158 (1895)

= Acnida ×tamariscina var. prostrata Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 20: 158 (1895)

= Acnida ×tamariscina var. subnuda (S.Watson) J.M.Coult.; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 145 (1894)

= Acnida ×tamariscina var. tuberculata (Moq.) Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 20: 157 (1895)

= Amaranthus altissimus Riddell; Syn. Fl. West. States: 41 (1835), nom. prov.

= Amaranthus ambigens Standl.; Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 21: 106 (1917)

= Amaranthus cannabinus var. concatenatus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 278 (1849)

= Amaranthus miamiensis Riddell; Syn. Fl. West. States: 41 (1835), nom. prov.

= Amaranthus rudis J.D.Sauer; Madrono 21(6): 428 (1972)

= Amaranthus tuberculatus var. prostratus (Uline & W.L.Bray) Mohlenbr.; Ill. Fl. Illinois, Fl. Pl. Pokeweeds-Pinks: 135 (2001)

= Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis (J.D.Sauer) Costea & Tardif; Rhodora 105: 266 (2003)

= Amaranthus tuberculatus var. subnudus (S.Watson) Mohlenbr.; Ill. Fl. Illinois, Fl. Pl. Pokeweeds-Pinks 135 (2001)

species :

Amaranthus tunetanus Iamonico & El Mokni; S. African J. Bot. 114: 78 (2017)

Distribution: Tunisia

20 TUN

Remarks: clade unknown

species :

Amaranthus undulatus R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland 414 (1810)

Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (N-Western Australia, Northern Territory, N-Queensland)

42 NWG 50 AUS

Remarks: Clade 2 (ESA clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus leptostachyus Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 214 (1870)

= Amaranthus pallidiflorus F.Muell.; Fragm. 1: 140 (1858)

= Amaranthus pallidiflorus var. viridiflorus Thell.; Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Solothurn 8(20): 60 (1928)

= Euxolus undulatus (R.Br.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 268, 272 (1849)

species :

Amaranthus urceolatus Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulph. 158 (1844)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba)

83 BOL ECU PER

Remarks: Clade 4 (Galapagos clade 2)

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus haughtii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 149 (1936)

= Amaranthus polygonoides subsp. urceolatus (Andersson) Iamonico; Acta Bot. Mex. 127(e1687): 6 (2020)

= Amaranthus urceolatus var. obcordatus Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 269 (1894)

= Amblogyna urceolata (Benth.) Andersson; Freg. Eugenies Resa, Bot. 59 (1857 publ. 1861), isonym

= Amblogyna urceolata (Benth.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 269

= Sarratia urceolata (Benth.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 269 (1849)

= Scleropus urceolatus (Benth.) Andersson; Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. (1853 publ. 1855)

species :

Amaranthus viridis L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 1405 (1763)

Name: Blero blanco, Blero manso (ES); Slender amaranth, tropical green amaranth, green amaranth (EN); Grüner Amarant (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Isole Pelagie [I] (Lampedusa [I]); Malta [I]; Croatia [I]; Albania [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Belarus [I]; Morocco [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; Egypt [I] (Desert Oases [I], NE-Egypt [I], Nile Delta [I], Nile Valley [I], NW-coastal Egypt [I]); Azores [I] (Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Sao Jorge [I], Pico [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Fuerteventura [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I], Hierro [I], La Palma Isl. [I]); Mauritania [I]; Senegal [I]; Gambia [I]; Guinea [I]; Sierra Leone [I]; Mali [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Ivory Coast [I]; Togo [I]; Benin [I]; Niger [I]; Nigeria [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; São Tomé [I]; Annobon Isl. [I]; Gabon [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Central African Republic [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I]; Chad [I]; Chad [I]; Sudan [I]; Ethiopia [I]; Eritrea [I]; Uganda [I]; Kenya [I]; Tanzania [I]; Angola [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; South Africa [I]; Ascension Isl. [I]; St. Helena [I]; Madagascar [I]; Comores [I]; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Iles Éparses] [I] (Ile Europa [I], Juan de Nova Isl. [I]); Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; Iles Glorieuses [I]; Aldabra [I] (Aldabra Isl. [I]); Seychelles [I]; Chagos Arch. [I] (Diego Garcia [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (widespread, incl. Rhodos [I]); Turkey [I] (SSW-Anatolia [I]); Iraq [I] (W-Iraq: Desert [I]); Afghanistan [I]; Cyprus [I] (E-Cyprus [I]); Lebanon [I] (C-Lebanon [I], coastal W-Lebanon [I]); Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I], Rift Valley [I], N-Israel [I]); Sinai peninsula [I] (N-Sinai [I], S-Sinai [I]); Jordania [I] (S-Jordania [I], W-Jordania [I]); Saudi Arabia [I] (NE-Saudi Arabia [I], Hejaz [I], Asir [I]); Kuwait [I]; Bahrain [I]; Qatar [I]; United Arab Emirates [I]; Oman [I] (Mascat & Oman [I]); Yemen [I] (SW-Yemen [I], Tihama [I], W-Yemen [I]); China [I]; South Korea [I]; Japan [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I] (Sind [I], Baluchistan [I], N. W. Frontier Prov. [I], Pakistani Punjab [I], Hazara [I]); Nepal [I]; Bhutan [I]; India [I] (throughout); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Maldives [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia (throughout [I]); Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] (Bali [I]); Moluccas [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea [I]; Solomon Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Tonga [I] (Late Isl. [I], Tongatapu [I], ´Eua [I], Tafahi [I]); Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I], Savai´i [I]); American Samoa [I] (Tutuila [I], Ta´u [I]); Phoenix Isl. [I] (Kanton [I]); N-Line Isl. [I] (Teraina [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] (Fatu Hiva [I], Nuku Hiva [I], Hiva Oa [I], Mohotani [I], Tahuata [I], Ua Huka [I], Ua Pou [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Mopelia Atoll [I], Tahiti [I], Huahine [I], Raiatea [I]); Gambier Isl. [I] ; Tuamotu Arch. [I] ; Austral Isl. [I] (Rimatara [I], Rapa Iti [I], Rurutu [I], Tubuai [I]); Pitcairn Isl. [I]; Palau [I] (Koror [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Agrihan [I], Alamagan [I], Sarigan [I], Saipan [I], Tinian [I], Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Pohnpei [I], Ulithi [I], Fais [I], Satawal [I], Kosrae [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Enewetok [I], Kwajalein [I], Arno [I], Jaluit [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kure Isl. [I], Midway Isl. [I], Lanai [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I], Laysan Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Mississippi [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Oklahoma [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I]); Mexico (Campeche, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, etc.); Belize; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas [I]; Turks & Caicos Isl. [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Navassa Isl. [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (Guana [I], St. Croix [I], St. John [I], St. Thomas [I], Virgin Gorda [I]); St. Barthélémy [I]; St. Eustatius [I]; Antigua [I]; Montserrat [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Marie-Galante [I]; Dominica [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Barbados [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Aruba [I]; Bonaire [I]; Curacao [I]; Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Casanare, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Quindío, Tolima, Valle, Vaupés); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guarico, Lara, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Tachira, Yaracuy); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Piauí, Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Guaira, Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Salto, San Jose, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan); Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Araucanía [I])

11 ger hun slo 12 bal fra por spa 13 alb cro grc ita kri mlt pel sic 14 blr 20 egy lby mor tun 21 azo cny mdr 22 ben bkn gam gui ivo mli mtn nga ngr sen sie tog 23 ann bio caf con gab sao zai 24 cha eri eth sud 25 ken tan uga 26 ang moz zam zim 27 saf 28 asc sth 29 ald cgs com igl mau mci mdg reu rod sey 31 rfe 32 tkm tzk uzb 33 aze geo ncs 34 afg cyp eai irq isr jor leb sin tur 35 bar kuw oma qat sau uae yem 36 chi 38 jap kor nns tai 40 ban bhu ind ldv mdv nep pak srl 41 and cbd lao mya ncb tha vie 42 jaw lsi MLY mol nwg phi xms 43 sol 50 aus lhi 51 nzl 60 asa fij nue nwc phx rot sam ton van 61 aui gbi lin mrq pit sci tua 62 gum mic mrn mrs plu wak 63 haw 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS NIC PAN 81 aba aru bah bbd bon cay cub cur dom gdl his jam mar mts nav pue sba ste stl stv tci trt vir 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG cle PAR URU

Remarks: Clade 1 (South American clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Albersia caudata (Jacq.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4: 992 (1879)

= Albersia gracilis (Desf.) Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2

= Albersia polystachya (Willd.) Kunth; Fl. Berol., ed. 2, 2: 144 (1823)

= Amaranthus blitum Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 274 (1849), nom. illeg.

= Amaranthus fasciatus Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 609 (1832)

= Amaranthus gracilis Desf. ex Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 1: 312 (1810)

= Amaranthus littoralis Bernh.; Hort. Tur. (1813) ex Moq. in DC. Prod. 13(2): 274

= Amaranthus major Salzm. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 274 (1849), nom. inval.

= Amaranthus polystachyus Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6901 (1832), nom. inval.

= Amaranthus polystachyus Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 4: 385 (1805)

= Chenopodium caudatum Jacq.; Icon. Pl. Rar. 2(2): t. 344 (1789), nom. rej.

= Euxolus caudatus (Jacq.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 274 (1849)

= Euxolus caudatus var. gracilis Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 274 (1849)

= Euxolus caudatus var. maximus Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 274 (1849)

= Euxolus polystachyus (Willd.) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: I. 1036 (1858)

= Euxolus viridis (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 273 (1849)

= Galliaria adscendens Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 186 (1897)

= Glomeraria viridis (L.) Cav.; Desc. 319 (1802)

= Pyxidium viride (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 274 (1849), nom. inval.

species :

Amaranthus vulgatissimus Speg.; Anal. Mus. Buenos Aires 7: 135 (1902)

Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Ilha da Boa Vista [I]); Uruguay (Paysandu); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chubut, Cordoba, Jujuy, Mendoza, Santa Fe, San Juan)

21 cvi 85 ARG URU

Remarks: Clade 1 (South American clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus ataco Thell.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 23 (1919)

= Amaranthus spicatus (Thell.) Seckt; ( comb. illeg.)

species :

Amaranthus watsonii Standl.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: 505 (1914)

Name: Watson´s amaranth

Distribution: Greece [I] (Peloponnisos [I]); USA (Arizona, California); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora)

13 grc 76 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade)

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus torreyi f. prostratus Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1: 93 (1923)

= Amaranthus torreyi var. suffruticosus Uline & W.L.Bray; Bot. Gaz. 19: 272 (1894)

species :

Amaranthus wrightii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 275 (1877)

Name: Wright´s amaranth

Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Utah)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade)

species :

Amaranthus ×adulterinus Thell.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 301 (1928)

Distribution: Italy; European Turkey; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Iran (N-Iran)

13 ITA TUE 34 IRN TUR

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade), Amaranthus cruentus x retroflexus

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus ×galii Sennen & Gonzalo; Pl. Espagne 1925-1926: no. 5540 (1927)

species :

Amaranthus ×budensis Priszter; Ind. Hort. Bot. Univ. Budapest. 7: 125 (1949)

Distribution: Hungary

11 HUN

Remarks: A. albus x A. blitoides

species :

Amaranthus ×cacciatoi (Aellen ex Cacciato) Iamonico; Willdenowia 43(2): 239 (2013)

Distribution: Italy [I]

13 ita

Remarks: A. bouchonii x A. powellii

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus bouchonii var. cacciatoi Aellen ex Cacciato; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 28: 618 (1966)

= Amaranthus powellii subsp. cacciatoi (Aellen ex Cacciato) Iamonico; Nordic J. Bot. 30(1): 13 (2012)

species :

Amaranthus ×caturus B.Heyne ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 720 (1885)

Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Tamil Nadu); etc.

40 IND

Remarks: A. tricolor x A. viridis

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus caturus Roxb.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6900 (1830), nomen

species :

Amaranthus ×jansen-wachterianus Thell.; Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 347 (1914)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: A. deflexus x A. standleyanus

species :

Amaranthus ×monteluccii Cacciato ex Iamonico; Pl. Biosystems 150(3): 524 (2014)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus ×aellenii nothosubsp. monteluccii (Cacciato) Iamonico & Galasso; Phytotaxa 340(2): 195 (2018)

species :

Amaranthus ×ozanonii Priszter; Ind. Hort. Bot. Univ. Budapest. 7: 138 (1949) [nothossp.]

subspecies :

subsp. ozanonii

Distribution: C-Europe [I]

Remarks: Clade 6 (hybridus clade). A. hybridus x A. retroflexus

subspecies :

subsp. romanus (Iamonico) Iamonico & Galasso; Phytotaxa 340(2): 195 (2018) [nothossp.]

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus ×romanus Iamonico; Phytotaxa 295(1): 89 (2017)

species :

Amaranthus ×pyxidatus (Contré) Iamonico; Phytotaxa 199(1): 71 (2015)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: A. bouchonii x A. powellii x A. retroflexus

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus ×ralletii var. pyxidatus Contré; Feuille Naturalistes 2: 11 (1947)

species :

Amaranthus ×ralletii Contré; Feuille Naturalistes 2: 11 (1947)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: A. bouchonii x A. retroflexus

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus ×ozanonii subsp. ralletii (Contré) Lambinon; Nouv. Fl. Belg., ed. 5: 1047 (2004)

species :

Amaranthus ×soproniensis Priszter & Kárpáti; Ind. Hort. Bot. Univ. Budapest. 7: 140 (1949)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt); Hungary; etc.

11 GER HUN

Remarks: Amaranthus powellii x retroflexus

Synonyms: hidden

= Amaranthus ×ralletii nothosubsp. soproniensis (Priszter & Kárpáti) J.-M.Tison; Evaxiana 8: 220 (2021)

species :

Amaranthus ×tamariscinus Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s. 5: 165 (1835)

Distribution: USA

Remarks: A. hybridus x A. tuberculatus

Synonyms: hidden

= Acnida ×tamariscina (Nutt.) A.Gray; Amer. Naturalist 10: 489 (1876)

= Acnida ×tamariscina (Nutt.) Alph.Wood; Amer. Bot. Fl.: 289 (1870)

= Acnida ×tamariscina (Nutt.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 535 (1891), isonym

= Montelia ×tamariscina (Nutt.) A.Gray; Man. Bot. N. U. St., ed. 2, 370 (1856)

species :

Amaranthus ×tarraconensis Sennen & Pau; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 21: 124 (1911)

Distribution: Europe

Remarks: A. deflexus x A. muricatus

species :

Amaranthus ×texensis Henrickson; Sida 18(3): 791 (1999)

Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Tamaulipas)

77 USA 79 MEX

Remarks: A. crassipes x scleropoides

species :

Amaranthus ×tucsonensis Henrickson; Sida 18(3): 804 (1999)

Distribution: USA (Arizona); Mexico (Sonora)

76 USA 79 MEX

species :

Amaranthus ×wallichii Iamonico; Phytotaxa 273: 95 (2016)

Distribution: Mexico; Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Remarks: A. cruentus x A. hybridus

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

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How to Cite:

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (38)

Genus (177)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 24.11 (November 5th, 2024)

Covering 355,576 accepted species, 8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms, in total 1,412,785* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 355,576 accepted species,
8,715 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,000,581 synonyms,
in total 1,412,785* names

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]